Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ancestry

Academic literature on the topic 'Ancestry'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Ancestry"

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Illanes, Gabriel, María Inés Fariello, Lucía Spangenberg, Ernesto Mordecki, and Hugo Naya. "Testing the existence of an unadmixed ancestor from a specific population t generations ago." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 12, 2022): e0271097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271097.

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The ancestry of each locus of the genome can be estimated (local ancestry) based on sequencing or genotyping information together with reference panels of ancestral source populations. The length of those ancestry-specific genomic segments are commonly used to understand migration waves and admixture events. In short time scales, it is often of interest to determine the existence of the most recent unadmixed ancestor from a specific population t generations ago. We built a hypothesis test to determine if an individual has an ancestor belonging to a target ancestral population t generations ago based on these lengths of the ancestry-specific segments at an individual level. We applied this test on a data set that includes 20 Uruguayan admixed individuals to estimate for each one how many generations ago the most recent indigenous ancestor lived. As this method tests each individual separately, it is particularly suited to small sample sizes, such as our study or ancient genome samples.
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Oravcová, M. "Pedigree analysis in White Shorthaired goat: First results." Archives Animal Breeding 56, no. 1 (October 10, 2013): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7482/0003-9438-56-053.

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Abstract. Pedigree records of 1 682 animals of the White Shorthaired goat in Slovakia were investigated. The reference population was defined as the animals born from 2008 to 2011 with at least one ancestor known in the second ancestral generation (670 animals kept in eight flocks). The numbers of founders (286), ancestors (256), effective founders (73), effective ancestors (45) and founder genome equivalents (32) were assessed. Fifteen ancestors were needed to explain 50 % of genetic variability. Marginal contributions of the ten most influential ancestors varied between 5.45 % and 2.47 % and accounted for 39.8 % of genetic variability. The mean values of inbreeding and co-ancestry were 0.69 % and 1.55 %, respectively. The effective population size was assessed to consist of 182 and 142 individuals, depending whether it was calculated from the individual increase in inbreeding or the individual increase in co-ancestry. The number of maximum generations traced, fully traced generations and equivalent complete generations traced were 5.62, 1.97 and 3.04, respectively. The first, second and third ancestral generation were 100 %, 83 % and 71 % complete, respectively. The completeness decreased to as low as 35 % and 11 % in the fourth and fifth generation. To be able to keep genetic links across generations in touch, the amount of pedigree information needs to be increased. This is a serious requirement for appropriate monitoring and management of genetic relations within the population.
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Davy, Barbara Jane. "Inclusive Heathens Practice Ancestor Veneration, But Not Pride in Ancestry." Nova Religio 26, no. 3 (February 1, 2023): 30–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2023.26.3.30.

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Ancestor veneration need not entail a focus on biological ancestry, but inclusive Heathens are troubled that white supremacists are attracted to Heathenry because of a perceived connection between ancestor veneration and pride in ancestry. The Canadian Heathens of Raven’s Knoll identify themselves as inclusive, and endeavor to exclude racists from their groups and events. Previous research has often distinguished between folkish (often racist) versus universalist (not racist) practitioners of Heathenry or Ásatrú. Inclusive Heathens welcome people of all backgrounds so long as they do not discriminate against others on the basis of spurious categories such as race, gender, or sexual orientation. Inclusive Heathens venerate a variety of ancestors, not just ancestors of blood or biological ancestors, but also ancestors of affinity or imagination, and ancestors of place. This contributes to a sense of relatedness and moral community beyond the intrahuman, and the development of ecological conscience at Raven’s Knoll.
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de Bonis, Louis, and George D. Koufos. "Our ancestors' ancestor: Ouranopithecus is a greek link in human ancestry." Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 3, no. 3 (June 2, 2005): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.1360030303.

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Lambert, Ronald D. "Reclaiming the ancestral past: narrative, rhetoric and the ‘convict stain’." Journal of Sociology 38, no. 2 (June 2002): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/144078302128756534.

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This paper reports the arguments used by members of two convictdescendant societies in embracing their convict ancestry. The data are taken from interviews that I conducted in 1999. In the main, respondents were involved in genealogy prior to discovering their or their spouses' convict ancestry. Respondents effectively countered ancestral stigma by making two kinds of argument. In the first, they recast ancestral convicts as: objects of quasi-professional interest; nation-builders; a minority within a multicultural society; collectibles; and embodying ‘interesting stories’. The second type of argument forwarded more particularized treatments of convict ancestors by: minimizing the gravity of their offences; temporally distancing descendants from them; empathizing with them; and claiming their redemption. I offer some concluding thoughts on the sociology of memory and the place of genealogical memory workers within the family.
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Campbell, R. B. "The Ancestry of Genetic Segments." ISRN Biomathematics 2012 (March 14, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/384275.

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Recombination within a DNA segment during the neutral fixation process is studied to determine the number of individuals in previous generations which carry genetic material ancestral to that region in the present generation. If , where is the population size and is the probability of a recombination event within that region per individual in a generation, the ancestors of all the base pairs in that segment were probably in the same individual in an arbitrary generation in the asymptotic past (prior to the most recent common ancestor) and all the base pairs in that segment share a common coalescent. If , the ancestors of the base pairs in a segment are probably spread among several individuals in asymptotic generations; hence, there is not an ancestral individual, but an ancestral pool, and the coalescents of base pairs do not coincide. The overlap of the ancestral pools of unlinked genetic segments is less than where and are the relative frequencies of the two ancestral pools, which provides that the size of the ancestral pool for the human genome is close to the .80 upper bound which ensues from the Poisson progeny distribution.
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Garrison, Nanibaa' A. "Genetic Ancestry Testing with Tribes: Ethics, Identity & Health Implications." Daedalus 147, no. 2 (March 2018): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00490.

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Genetic ancestry tests have gained in popularity across the United States as more Americans seek answers about their ancestral past. The tests have been used to verify or dispute family stories about ancestors or to allow people to seek a sense of belonging with a particular tribe or community. They can also be useful in medical research to identify genetic variants across populations. At the same time, assumptions about genetic testing – and the very idea of a “genetic” identity – pose challenges for communities that are defined in terms of political, social, and cultural identities. This essay explores a range of uses of ancestry tests and their potential implications for Native American tribes and communities. It concludes that the scientific and recreational use of genetic ancestry testing continues to increase over time, but limitations of the consistency of results across platforms and the generalizability of knowledge remain.
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Don, Janith, Sara A. Byron, Guangfa Zhang, Tyler Izatt, Jiaming Zhang, Bethany Davis, Bryce Turner, et al. "Abstract A006: Increased germline mutational burden in individuals of African ancestry: Implications for interpretation of tumor mutation burden." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 1_Supplement (January 1, 2023): A006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp22-a006.

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Abstract Introduction: Tumor mutation burden (TMB), defined as the number of somatic gene mutations per megabase in a tumor genome, is used clinically to identify cancer patients that may respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Recent studies suggest that patient ancestry can influence TMB, where individuals of African ancestry were found to have elevated TMB values based on tumor-only sequencing analysis. However, the impact of patient ancestry on germline mutational burden and implications for interpretation of tumor-only mutational burden data is largely unexplored. Methods: We examined the influence of patient ancestry on germline and tumor mutation burden using tumor-normal whole exome sequencing (WES) data from a pan-cancer cohort of 1228 individuals from a single institution. Genetic ancestry was estimated from constitutional WES data using single nucleotide polymorphism weights from external reference panels. Variant calling was performed using constitutional, tumor-only, and paired tumor-normal workflows. Total and loss-of-function burden scores were calculated for each participant from each workflow based on the total number of mutations detected in each sample and the total number of predicted loss-of-function mutations, based on snpEff annotations, respectively. Results: Genetic ancestry analysis found that one-third of this pan-cancer cohort was of non-European ancestry. 9.4% of individuals were of Eastern Asian ancestry, 5.3% of African ancestry, 1.0% of South Asian ancestry, 0.2% of Native American ancestry, and 17.1% of admixed ancestry, predominantly European and Native American admixed ancestry (15.6%). Total and loss-of-function germline burden scores varied across ancestral groups, with individuals of African ancestry showing significantly increased germline burden scores compared to other ancestral groups (p<0.0001). Tumor-only analysis also showed increased mutation burden for individuals of African ancestry. However, when private and rare germline variation was taken into account using paired tumor-normal analysis, tumor mutation burden did not differ based on patient ancestry, suggesting the differences seen in tumor-only analysis are due to germline variation rather than differences in true somatic mutation burden. Conclusion: Our study reveals that the paucity of knowledge of ancestry-specific reference genomes leads to unacceptable health disparities in cancer, specifically in patients with African ancestry. We show that germline mutational burden varies by ancestral background, with individuals of African ancestry displaying increased genetic variation compared to other ancestral populations. These results suggest that patient ancestry should be considered when interpreting tumor mutational burden values, particularly from tumor-only analysis. Approaches utilizing paired tumor-normal analysis or ancestry-specific reference genomes can aid in more accurate assessment of TMB, thereby avoiding futile treatments targeted at presumed high mutational burden tumors specifically in African American populations. Citation Format: Janith Don, Sara A. Byron, Guangfa Zhang, Tyler Izatt, Jiaming Zhang, Bethany Davis, Bryce Turner, Jonathan J. Keats, Jeffrey M. Trent, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Nicholas J. Schork. Increased germline mutational burden in individuals of African ancestry: Implications for interpretation of tumor mutation burden [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A006.
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Lee, Michelle Jeung-Eun, Manan Shah, Sri Lakshmi Sudha Kollepara, and Sanjay R. Jain. "Role of genetic ancestry in endometrial cancers: Understanding disparities in black women." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e17631-e17631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e17631.

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e17631 Background: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in the United States. Endometrial cancer disproportionately affects black women in terms of incidence and survival despite advancement in treatment, and preventive strategies. Identifying distinct tumor markers in patients with African ancestry will help distinguish biological determinants underlying the disparities in endometrial cancer. In this study, we investigated the genetic alterations in endometrial cancer in individuals of African (AFR) ancestry using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Methods: The genomic and clinical data of TCGA PanCancer Atlas uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) were explored using CBioportal (http://www.cbioportal.org/). We utilized The Cancer Genome Ancestry Atlas (TCGAA) and LAMP for estimates of genetic ancestry and quantitative ancestral composition. This dataset contains 529 patients, including 357 self-reported whites and 107 blacks. For each case the proportion of European, West African, East Asian, Native American ancestry was estimated. The dominant ancestry was defined as ≥50% of admixture from one reference population. Differences in gene mutation frequency were analyzed based on AFR ancestry proportion. The Kaplan-Meier curves were generated, and Cox regression analyses were performed. Results: Global genetic ancestry analysis identified 115 AFR ancestry cases with mean ancestry of 80.4%. The dominant AFR ancestry subject matched the self-reported race with 94% accuracy. We identified 23 subjects with ≥90% AFR ancestry, 43 subjects with 80-90% AFR ancestry, 34 subjects with 70-80% AFR ancestry, and 15 subjects with 50-70% AFR ancestry. TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene in patients with AFR ancestry(49.5%). ≥90% AFR ancestry had the highest rate of TP53 mutations (52.2%) compared with 80-90% AFR ancestry (51.2%), 70-80% AFR ancestry (43.8%), and 50-70% AFR ancestry (41.7%). PTEN was less commonly mutated in patients with higher proportion of AFR ancestry (47.8% in ≥90% AFR ancestry, 39.0% in 80-90% AFR ancestry, 59.4% in 70-80% AFR ancestry, and 66.7% in 50-70% AFR ancestry). PIK3CA mutation frequency was almost identical in all AFR ancestry groups studied. No significant differences in overall survival was observed between AFR ancestry groups. Conclusions: We aimed to investigate the etiology of endometrial cancer disparities by analyzing the effect of ancestry on genetic alterations in endometrial cancer. This study demonstrated differences in the mutation frequency among patients with AFR ancestry. We have shown that TP53 mutations were seen more frequently in patients with higher AFR ancestry, which may confer a poorer prognosis. Nonetheless, to validate the findings of this study, future studies should be conducted with larger sample sizes and more diverse ancestral groups to explore how genetic ancestry impacts tumorigenesis and cancer progression.
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Choi, David, Michelle Jeung-Eun Lee, and Sanjay R. Jain. "Influence of ancestry in racial disparities of squamous cell lung cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e20554-e20554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e20554.

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e20554 Background: Significant progress has been made in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of squamous cell carcinomas of the lung (LUSC). Despite the advancements, African American populations continue to experience worse disease burden and poorer overall survival, even after controlling for patient and tumor characteristics. While the interplay of various social determinants of health is well known to contribute to racial disparities in cancers, the molecular basis of racial disparity is less understood. Given the diversity of the US population that comprise of genetically admixed groups, understanding the role of ancestry and its influence on biology of cancers that drive incidence and prognosis is paramount to reducing racial disparities. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of African (AFR) ancestry in genetic mutations of LUSC. Methods: We utilized The Cancer Genome Ancestry Atlas (TCGAA) to obtain data on the genetic ancestry and ancestral composition of 504 LUSC patients. The dataset contained 459 self-reported whites, 32 blacks, and 11 Asians. The percentage of each patient’s ancestral composition (European, AFR, Asian, and Native American) was revealed via the LAMP technique. The dominant ancestry was defined as those with genetic composition of ≥50% from one of four ancestral backgrounds. Genetic alteration profiles and clinical data of patients were obtained from LUSC TCGA PanCancer Atlas through GDC data portal. Of those with AFR dominant ancestry, we analyzed the differences in the gene mutation frequency based upon the proportion of AFR ancestry. Results: Ancestry analysis uncovered 30 AFR ancestry dominant cases with a mean AFR composition of 78.4%. We found 14 subjects with > 80% AFR ancestry and 16 subjects with 50-80% AFR ancestry. Two patients from the > 80% were excluded from the mutational analyses due to absence of genetic profiles in the data portal. TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene with a rate of 91.7% and 87.5% in > 80% and 50-80% AFR groups, respectively. Evaluation of the classic genetic mutations that drive disease pathology in LUSC (EGFR, ALK, PIK3CA, NRAS, KRAS) revealed 25% of > 80% AFR ancestry subjects carried mutations in at least one of these genes compared to 6.3% in the 50-80% AFR ancestry subjects. Also, a trend towards worse overall survival (OS) was seen in those with greater proportion of AFR ancestry (median OS of 27.2 months in > 80% group vs 43.9 months in 50-80% group). Conclusions: Despite the limited sample size, our study highlights substantial heterogeneity in tumor biology even within those of AFR ancestry and that genetic ancestry may impact tumor and host biology that contribute to disparities. Moving forward, engagement of the African American community into clinical trials and genomic studies are needed to explore ancestral influence on tumorigenesis, and to facilitate discovery of new actionable targets to help eradicate racial disparities in lung cancer.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ancestry"

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Parrado, Tony. "Improved Individual Ancestry Estimates for Proper Adjustment of Ancestral Confounding in Association Analysis." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1216340419.

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Dertien, Kim S. "Irrevocable ties and forgotten ancestry : the legacy of colonial intermarriage for descendents of mixed ancestry." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2466.

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The identities of mixed Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal descendents in British Columbia is as varied as it is complex. In this paper I examine what caused some people of mixed Native and non-Native ancestry not to identify as Aboriginal while others did. The point of fracture for those who identify with their Aboriginal origins and those who do not can be traced to a specific time in our history. More importantly, specific variables were instrumental in causing that divergence of identity, spurred by a pervasive social stigma in colonial society. For many of mixed ancestry, the disassociation from their Aboriginal identity led to generations of silence and denial and eventually to a 'complete disappearance of race'. It was a deliberate breeding out of cultural identity through assimilative ideology and actions in order to conform to European norms. Determining what factors caused this divergence of identity for mixed-descendents entails considering why many Aboriginal women married non-Native partners in B.C. during the mid-19th century, how intermarriage affected identity formation for offspring, and what the multi-generational effects have been on the identities of mixed descendents. Today, this leaves a dilemma for those in-between who are eligible for status, and for those who are not but who choose to reconnect with, acknowledge and learn more of their ancestry. Both assertions of First Nations identity and choices to reconnect with a First Nations heritage while maintaining a non-Native identity, challenge the assumed inevitability of assimilation, and the federal government's continuing reluctance to understand the cultural significance of identification as 'Indian'.
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Okrutny, Elizabeth Carol Joann. "Postcranial Osteometric Assessment of Korean Ancestry." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5359.

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The determination of ancestry is an important part of an individual's identification when creating a biological profile. This thesis scrutinizes postcranial variation using over 65 osteometric sorting measurements in an attempt to identify those measurements that display the most significant differences among Koreans, Africans, and Europeans. Data was collected from four American skeletal collections and one South Korean skeletal collection for a total sample population of 306 individuals: 24 of Korean ancestry, 66 of African ancestry, and 216 of European ancestry. In an effort to minimize the number of measurements needed for ancestral assessment, stepwise discriminant analysis was performed for measurements of each skeletal region and region combinations. Initial findings highly misclassified Africans, so the results of this study were separated into two parts: Koreans from Africans/Europeans and Africans from Europeans. A majority of the functions developed in the first part of the analysis resulted in cross-validated classifications of 80% and greater for Koreans and 77% or greater for Africans/Europeans with the highest classifying function for both ancestral groups being composed of upper limb measurements. Most of the discriminant functions from the second part of the analysis correctly differentiated Africans with 70% or greater accuracy and Europeans with 72% or greater accuracy with the highest classifying function for both groups consisting of pelvis, lower limb, and foot measurements. These functions indicate that ancestry can be determined successfully from postcranial elements; that certain skeletal regions are better indicators of ancestry than others; and that osteological remains do not need to be complete to develop an informative biological profile.
ID: 031001568; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Tosha Dupras.; Title from PDF title page (viewed August 26, 2013).; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-115).
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Burgos, Paz William Orlando. "Ancestry and diversity of American village pigs." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284859.

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Los avances en las tecnologías de genotipado masivo están revolucionando la comprensión de los genomas de animales domésticos, incluyendo su historia y cómo los eventos demográficos y selectivos han dado forma a la variación de los genomas de los individuos. En este trabajo analizamos por primera vez una amplia muestra de poblaciones de cerdos criollos de América y se estimó su relación genética con las poblaciones de cerdos en todo el mundo. Adicionalmente, se analizó el genoma de un cerdo que vivió en el siglo XVI a fin de proporcionar nuevas evidencias sobre eventos históricos y genéticos importantes como la domesticación y cruzamientos. Estos estudios mostraron una alta diferenciación entre las poblaciones de cerdos de Europa y Asia, siendo especialmente pronunciada para la región no pseudoautosómica del cromosoma X. A pesar del origen ibérico de los primeros cerdos introducidos en América, se observó una reducción sustancial de éste origen genético en el casi todas las poblaciones Americanas de cerdos estudiadas. El origen genético observado en las actuales poblaciones de cerdos en América se debió primero al los cerdos Ibéricos en el siglo XV y la reciente introgresión de las razas porcinas comerciales. Además se detectó origen genético proveniente de Asia, probablemente por causa de la introgresión de las razas comerciales que llevan haplotipos asiáticos, aunque no se puede descartar el cruzamiento con razas Chinas. Debido a la gran diversidad de condiciones del medio ambiente en América, se compararon las frecuencias alélicas observadas entre las poblaciones para estimar huellas de selección en el genoma, detectándose algunos genes relacionados con el sistema cardiovascular y la conformación de las extremidades. El ADN antiguo proporciona una valiosa información a cerca de los acontecimientos históricos que han modelado el genoma de los individuos modernos. En el capítulo 5 se analizó una parte del genoma de un cerdo que vivió en el siglo XVI en el noreste de España, junto a tres nuevos genomas de individuos modernos, un cerdo Ibérico, un jabalí de España y un cerdo criollo de Guatemala. Los genomas fueron obtenidos por métodos de secuenciación masiva. Los datos arqueológicos y genómicos sugirieron que el cerdo antiguo era domestico y estrechamente relacionado con los cerdos Ibéricos actuales y el jabalí Europeo, y con señales genéticas de cruzamiento entre ellos. Sorprendentemente, la comparación del cerdo antiguo y el cerdo Ibérico moderno con el genoma del cerdo criollo de Guatemala, mostró que ellos son igualmente cercanos a los cerdos criollos de América, y podría apoyar la hipótesis de la reducción de origen ibérico en cerdos Americanos causado por la introgresión de otras razas. Por último, entre los genes altamente diferenciadas se encontraron aquellos que participan en el color de la capa y el aumento del rendimiento reproductivo, ambas funciones asociadas con el primeros procesos de domesticación. Una de las estrategias de análisis para describir las relaciones de la población de cerdos utilizados en esta tesis, y ampliamente utilizado en estudios similares, es el análisis de componentes principales (PCA). Sin embargo, las proyecciones de PCA son sensibles a tamaño de muestra desbalanceado. En el capítulo 6 se evaluó una corrección en el PCA que tenga en cuenta el tamaño de la muestra de las poblaciones evaluadas ó su FST para corregir el sesgo en las proyecciones de los individuos. Las simulaciones sugieren que el método propuesto mejora las proyecciones de los individuos en dos dimensiones y en algunos caso, recupera los patrones de relaciones de la población, incluso cuando el tamaño de muestra es tan bajo como n = 1. El método ponderado de PCA puede recuperar una estructura más realista de los datos que la inferida con el PCA tradicional en poblaciones genéticamente diferenciadas.
Advances in high throughput genetic technologies are revolutionizing the understanding of domestic animal genomes, including their history and how demography and selective processes have shaped the variation of individuals’ genomes. Here we studied for the first time a large survey of village pig populations from America and estimate their relatedness with worldwide pig populations. In complement, we also analysed an ancient pig genome of 16th century to provide new evidence on important historical and genetic events like domestication and admixture. These studies showed the high differentiation between European and Asian pig populations, being particularly pronounced for the non-pseudoautosomal region of chromosome X. Despite the Iberian origin of pigs firstly introduced to America, a substantial reduction of this ancestry was observed in almost all American village pig populations. The actual ancestry observed in America is likely the result of admixing Iberian pigs in 15th century and recent introgression of commercial pig breeds. Additionally, some Asian ancestry also was observed probably due to introgression of commercial breeds carrying Asian haplotype, although direct admixture with Chinese breeds cannot be ruled out. Because the large diversity of environmental condition in the American continent, we compared the allele frequencies observed between populations to estimate signatures of selection in the genome, detecting some genes related with cardiovascular system and limbs conformation. Ancient DNA provides valuable information about the historical events that have modelled the genome of modern individuals. In chapter 5 we performed the analysis of the partial genome of a pig that lived in 16th century at North eastern Spain together three new modern genomes from Iberian pig, Spanish wild boar and a Guatemalan Creole pig obtained by whole genome shotgun sequencing. Archaeological and genomic data suggested that ancient pig was domestic, closely related to extant Iberian pigs and to European wild boar with some genetic signals of admixture with wild boar. Surprisingly, the comparison of ancient pig and modern Iberian pig to American sample from Guatemala, showed that they are equally close to American Creole pigs, and could support the hypothesis of reduction of Iberian origin in American village pigs driven by introgression of other breeds. Finally, among the highly differentiated genes we found those involved in coat colour and an increase the reproductive performance, both known functions associated with early domestication process. One of the analytical strategies to describe the population relationships of pigs used in this thesis, and widely used in similar studies is the principal component analysis (PCA). Nonetheless, PCA projections are sensitive to unequal sample size. In Chapter 6 we evaluated a correction in PCA that consider either sample size of evaluated populations or their FST estimates to correct bias in individual projections. Simulations suggest that the proposed method improves the two-dimensional projections of PCA data and, in some cases, entirely recovers population relationships patterns, even when sample size is as low as n=1. The weighted PCA can recover a more realistic structure than inferred with traditional PCA in well-structured populations.
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Brennan, Patrick J. "An Investigation of Personal Ancestry Using Haplotypes." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1501705310326744.

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Helgason, Agnar. "The ancestry and genetic history of the Icelanders." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409944.

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Zaumsegel, Daniel [Verfasser]. "Binary polymorphisms as ancestry informative markers / Daniel Zaumsegel." Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1046231766/34.

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Taylor, Catherine. "Scar maturation in the African Continental Ancestry Group." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/scar-maturation-in-the-african-continental-ancestry-group(eae22ea5-647c-4115-8b26-bd683c99b981).html.

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The natural history of scar maturation in humans has been described by Bond et al. (2008b) in a male European Continental Ancestry Group (ECAG). It is important that the natural history of scar maturation in humans is established for all skin types. This study therefore aims to describe clinically and histologically the maturation of scars in male volunteers from the African Continental Ancestry Group (ACAG).This study was performed as a single centre, methodology trial. Three incisions and a punch biopsy were carried out on each arm. Monthly assessments of the resultant scars included: investigator scar assessments; scar photography; VAS scoring by an Independent External Scar Assessment Panel; and objective measures of colour and scar mechanics. At various time points scars were excised for histology. Sixty male subjects of African Continental Ancestry between the ages of 18-56 years were recruited to take part in the study. The clinical appearance of a scar in the ACAG improves with time. Scar colour mismatch decreases and the mechanical properties of scars improve with time. Scar width increased over the 12 months. With the exception of scar contour and scar redness, a steady state was not achieved. Volunteer skin type was shown to influence the resulting scar appearance and not age. The histology of scar maturation in the ACAG over 12 months was described and scars classified into three groups each displaying a different rate of longitudinal progression of scar maturation. The process of collagen maturation is still ongoing at month 12; many scars demonstrated a prolonged high turnover state of collagen synthesis and degradation, rete ridge restoration and angiogenesis were still ongoing with persistent inflammation identified in scars up to Month 12. There is a strong correlation shown between the Clinical VAS scores and the Histology VAS scores for the papillary dermis which is of better quality than the reticular dermis. There is some evidence that young people (ACAG) and volunteers with darker skin have poorer scar histology. The spectrophotometry data indicated that the Fitzpatrick Skin Type Classification is a useful method of classifying the varying skin colours of this group of volunteers. In conclusion, scar maturation in the ACAG occurs as a series of defined macroscopic and microscopic stages over the course of 1 year. The process of scar maturation is not complete at 12 months. All scars showed evidence of improvement over the course of the study influenced in part by volunteer skin type and age. Results suggest that scar maturation in this study group occurs at a different rate and is of a different quality, compared to current knowledge of scar maturation in the ECAG.
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Birkmann-Little, Callan. "Estimation of Ancestry from the Human Postcranial Skeleton." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27191.

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The identification of ancestry from the human skeleton is one of the more difficult assessments in forensic anthropology. Most ancestry research has focused on the skull, however this is sometimes missing or unusable. Research on the postcranial skeleton has focussed on the pelvis and lower limb. The main aim of this study was to investigate the nature and extent of metric variation in the human postcranial skeleton of five ancestral groups with a focus on the Australasian region. A secondary aim was to investigate differences between two geographically separated populations of the same ancestral group. Thirty-four measurements from the clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia and fibula were collected. Data were collected from male and female from the following: Australians of European descent, Australian Aboriginal, Thai, Americans of European descent and African Americans. Data were collected from physical bones as well as from CT scans. All variables showed statistically significant differences except for the sagittal breadth at the nutrient foramen of the tibia in males. Post-hoc tests showed that there were a high number of differences between the groups including the two groups of European descent. Principal Components Analyses were conducted to help visualise the differences between the five groups. The differences found were characterised by two main components, the breadth/circumference and the length of the postcranial skeleton. Discriminant Function and Random Forest analyses were conducted to determine if it was possible to correctly classify individuals into ancestral groups. Single and multiple bone analyses were conducted with separated and pooled sexes. Correct classification rates of 90-99.2% were achieved with the upper limb bones, 75-98% with the lower limb bones and 84.3-100% when all bones were used. The findings of this study expand our knowledge of postcranial variation between ancestral groups found within the Australasian region and beyond. It also highlights the differences found between two geographically separate groups from the same ancestral group. This study may also provide new tools for forensic anthropologists and may assist in the identification of unknown remains in cases of missing persons and in the repatriation of indigenous remains.
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Hefner, Joseph T. "The statistical determination of ancestry using cranial nonmetric traits." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0021200.

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Books on the topic "Ancestry"

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Torres, Jada Benn, and Gabriel A. Torres Colón. Genetic Ancestry. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. |: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429398650.

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Reynolds, Joyce Dora Vandegriff. Johnson ancestry. Catharpin, VA: William M. Vandegriff, Jr., 2000.

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Reynolds, Joyce Dora Vandegriff. Vandegriff ancestry. Catharpin, VA: William M. Vandegriff, Jr., 1999.

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Morris, Charles G. Morris ancestry. [Ann Arbor, MI: Sheridan Books], 2010.

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Brittingham, Angela. Ancestry: 2000. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau, 2004.

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Overbagh, Shirley M. Overbagh ancestry. Catskill, NY (39 Wildwing Park, Catskill 12414): S.M. Overbagh ; Hyde Park, NY (712 Albany Post Rd., 8A3 Hyde Park 12538), 1991.

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Ausbrooks, Erskine P. Ausbrooks ancestry. Hendersonville, TN: E. Ausbrooks, 1997.

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Brittingham, Angela. Ancestry: 2000. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau, 2004.

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Brittingham, Angela. Ancestry: 2000. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau, 2004.

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Royston, Gambier, ed. Huguenot ancestry. Chichester, Sussex: Phillimore, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ancestry"

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Schmidt-Nielsen, Bodil. "Ancestry." In August and Marie Krogh, 5–9. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7530-9_2.

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Seeley, Paul. "Ancestry." In Richard D’Oyly Carte, 1–10. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351045919-1.

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Allender, Dale, and Arya Allender-West. "Ancestry." In From Cultural Deprivation to Cultural Security, 125–54. New York: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003177500-8.

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Wright, Richard. "Ancestry Assessment." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 321–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_139.

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Kim, Mijung. "Asian Ancestry." In Encyclopedia of Science Education, 1–2. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6165-0_398-6.

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Rodriguez, Alberto J. "Latino Ancestry." In Encyclopedia of Science Education, 1–4. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6165-0_400-2.

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Epstein, Erwin H., and Katherine T. Carroll. "Erasing Ancestry." In Beyond the Comparative, 31–48. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-722-6_3.

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Chilton, John. "Creole Ancestry." In Sidney Bechet, 1–8. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09591-9_1.

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Wright, Richard. "Ancestry Assessment." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 209–14. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_139.

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Kim, Mijung. "Asian Ancestry." In Encyclopedia of Science Education, 63–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2150-0_398.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ancestry"

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Vieira, René Aloisio da Costa, Débora Sant’Anna de Andrade e. Silva, Ana Carolina Laus, Carlos Eduardo Bacchi, René Julias Costa e. Silva, Idam de Oliveira-Junior, Rui Pereira, and Rui Manuel Vieira Reis. "HOW MUCH CAN WE TRUST ON THE SELFREPORTED COLOR WHEN EVALUATING BREAST CANCER ANCESTRY." In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2016.

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Objective: To evaluate the association between self-reported color and ancestry in Brazilian patients with breast cancer (BC). Methods: Ethics approval 1136/2016. This was an observational, transversal, epidemiological study, evaluating 1,215 patients with BC. DNA was extracted to evaluate ancestry. For genetic ancestry, a 46 AIM-INDEL panel was used, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were subjected to capillary electrophoresis. The ancestral profile was evaluated with Structure v.2.3.3 software, for ancestry proportion, the percentages of ancestry in the different self-referred colors. For this purpose, descriptive statistics was performed (mean ± standard deviation [minimum − maximum]). To assess differences between groups, ANOVA and Bonferroni were used. Results: The color distribution was 77.9% (946) white, 17.4% (212) brown, 4.1% (50) black, 0.3% (4) yellow, and 0.2% (3) mixed. Genetically, the African ancestry proportion was significantly (p <0.001) higher in yellow (0.48 ± 0.51 [0.04–0.93]) with less difference between the other groups. Finally, the Amerindian ancestry proportion frequency was less frequent in all groups, and cafuse patients did not express differences between all race groups. Brown race group presented differences in the African and European Ancestry. Conclusion: Although we found many similarities between white color — European ancestry, black color — African ancestry, and yellow color — Asian ancestry, there is great miscegenation between patients and although they can be labeled as having one color, they do present many ancestral genes that would allow their inclusion in another race group.
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Vieira, René Aloisio da Costa, Débora Sant’Anna, Ana Carolina Laus, Carlos Eduardo Bacchi, René Julias Costa e. Silva, Idam de Oliveira-Junior, Rui Pereira, and Rui Manuel Reis. "ANCESTRY OF BREAST CANCER PATIENTS IN BRAZIL." In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2002.

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Objective: To evaluate the ancestry of breast cancer (BC) patients from different Brazilian geographical regions and to associate it with molecular subtype. Methods: Ethics approval 1136/2016. This was an observational, transversal, epidemiological study, evaluating patients with BC. Molecular characterization of BC was performed by immunohistochemistry. DNA was extracted to evaluate ancestry. For analysis of ancestry, the AIM-INDEL panel was used, with 46 primer pairs. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were subjected to capillary electrophoresis, and the results were analyzed using GeneMapper 4.0 software. For inference of the ancestral profile, the data were evaluated with Structure v. 2.3.3 software. Each participant was classified into one of the following ancestries: European, African, Amerindian, and Asian. Ancestry was tested for correlations with the geographical region and the molecular subtype. The differences were compared using the chi-squared and Kruskal–Wallis tests. SPSS v.20.0 for Windows was used analysis. Results: A total of 1,330 patients were included, out of whom it was possible to evaluate ancestry in 1,127. There was a difference in race, molecular subtype, and ancestry between the geographical regions. In the South region, there were higher rates of selfreported white ethnicity, European ancestry, and HER-2-luminal tumors, which may influence age at diagnosis and yield a higher rate of early tumors. Conversely, in the North and Northeast regions, there was a higher rate of African ancestry, self-reported nonwhite ethnicity, HER-2+ tumors, and triple-negative tumors. Triple-negative and HER-2+ tumors were associated with a higher rate of advanced and metastatic disease at diagnosis, with triple-negative tumors being more frequent in young women. Conclusions: This is the largest assessment of genetic ancestry in the Brazilian BC patients. There were differences in ancestry and molecular subtype between the different regions. Knowledge of these characteristics may contribute to a better understanding of the molecular distribution of cancer in these regions.
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Spain, Peter. "Ancestry of ADCPs." In 2015 IEEE/OES Eleventh Current, Waves and Turbulence Measurement (CWTM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cwtm.2015.7098114.

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Gerver, Michael J. "Ned Birdsall's academic ancestry." In 2013 IEEE 40th International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2013.6633425.

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Ho, Xavier, and Marcus Carter. "Roguelike ancestry network visualisation." In FDG '19: The Fourteenth International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3337722.3337761.

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Lim, Joseph J., Pablo Arbeláez, Chunhui Gu, and Jitendra Malik. "Context by region ancestry." In 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccv.2009.5459436.

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Polak, Paz. "Abstract IA34: The impact of ancestry on mutational signatures in population with African ancestry." In Abstracts: Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; September 20-23, 2019; San Francisco, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp19-ia34.

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Prasath, T., and B. Rubadevi. "BioSecure-cloud ancestry detector: Persuading species analysis and ancestral detector based on solitary score." In 2014 International Conference on Information Communication and Embedded Systems (ICICES). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icices.2014.7033750.

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Pape, Thomas. "Bot fly ancestry — a calyptrate conundrum." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93086.

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Qu, Yue, Dat Tran, and Elisa Martinez-Marroquin. "Biogeographical Ancestry Inference from Genotype: A Comparison of Ancestral Informative SNPs and Genome-wide SNPs." In 2020 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssci47803.2020.9308171.

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Reports on the topic "Ancestry"

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Spolaore, Enrico, and Romain Wacziarg. Ancestry, Language and Culture. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21242.

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MAYER, JOHN. BODY MASS VARIATION IN AN INTRODUCED WILD PIG POPULATION WITH CHANGING ANCESTRY. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1776687.

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Reid, Robyn. Analyzing Riboswitches as a Function of Genome Size and Genus Ancestry in Gammaproteobacteria. Portland State University Library, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.191.

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Isaacs, William B. Genetic Association Study of Ancestry-Matched African American Prostate Cancer Cases and Controls. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada581265.

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Danagoulian, Shooshan, Owen Fleming, Daniel Grossman, and David Slusky. Investment in Preventive Care for Children of Middle Eastern Ancestry During the Trump Administration. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w32676.

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Burchardi, Konrad, Thomas Chaney, and Tarek Hassan. Migrants, Ancestors, and Investments. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21847.

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von Sigsfeld, Julia. Ancestral Knowledges and the Ecuadorian Knowledge Society. Maria Sibylla Merian Centre Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/sigsfeld.2020.24.

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Gunter Wagner, Gunter Wagner. Finding the ancestral roots of female orgasm. Experiment, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/9780.

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von Sigsfeld, Julia. Ancestral Knowledges and the Ecuadorian Knowledge Society. Maria Sibylla Merian International Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/sigsfeld.2020.24.

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The government of Rafael Correa (2007-2017) embarked on an ambitious project of diversifying the national economy to transition from a primary resource exporting economy to a competitive Knowledge Society and a Knowledge-Based Bio-Economy as biodiversity was conceptualized as the country’s most significant comparative advantage. This paper traces how peoples’ and nationalities’ knowledges, so-called ancestral knowledges, were elicited in unprecedented ways in this context of bringing about a change of the productive matrix. While knowledge in general was reframed as an infinite resource, ancestral knowledges were made productive for a state-led project of capitalist modernization.
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Cheng, Hao, Rohan L. Fernando, and Dorian J. Garrick. GenSim: Simulation of Descendants from Sequenced Ancestors Data. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1276.

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