Relevant bibliographies by topics / Anatomy, Comparative

Academic literature on the topic 'Anatomy, Comparative'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Anatomy, Comparative"

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Shapiro, Liza. "Primate comparative anatomy." Journal of Mammalogy 96, no. 5 (June 5, 2015): 1107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyv086.

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Stepanova, A., E. S. Chavchavadze, and S. Jausen. "Comparative Wood Anatomy of Perennial Shoots of Potentilla (Rosaceae)." IAWA Journal 28, no. 4 (2007): 405–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001652.

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The wood anatomy of perennial shoots of 26 Potentilla speeies was studied using light and scanning eleetron mieroseopy. Secondary xylem of different growth forms was compared. The wood anatomy of perennial shoots of Potentilla speeies with growth forms intermediate between shrubs and herbs (except P. biflora and P. palustris) is similar to the wood anatomy of shrubs. Wood anatomy ofherbaeeous speeies is diverse, and some features have systematie signifieanee. Parenehymati sation and the anatomie al ehanges eorrelated with this proeess appear to be a general trend in the strueture of secondary xylem in rhizomes of herbaeeous Potentilla. This trend may aiso be eommon in rhizome s of other herbaeeous plants, and further studies are required to investigate this.
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Pangemanan, Euis F. S., Semuel P. Ratag, and Marthen T. Lasut. "Comparative Anatomy Of Leaves Of Several Types Of Ficus." Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan 3, no. 2 (December 19, 2022): 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/jat.v3i2.44519.

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Leaf anatomy studies need to be carried out to support morphological plant identification. Leaf anatomy was observed because leaves have varying tissue structures. The characteristics of stomatal density, epidermal cell shape, and leaf mesophyll structure are constant in each species so that they can be used as a reference. The aim of the study was to identify the anatomical characters of the leaves of various types of Ficus. Samples were collected from Tahura Gunung Tumpa. Observation of the anatomical structure of Ficus leaves using a light microscope based on Sass (1951) and Johansen (1940) and carried out at the Laboratory of Plant Structure and Development, Faculty of Biology UGM. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and presented in the form of tables and figures. Leaf anatomy observations were carried out on 19 Ficus species found in TAHURA Gunung Tumpa, namely Ficus fistulosa, F. forstenii, F. microcarpa, F. ampelas, F. septica, F. tinctoria, F. variegata, F. benjamina, F. subulata , F. punctata, F. elegans, F. hispida, F. racemose, F. elastica, F. minhassae, Ficus sp1, Ficus sp2, Ficus sp3, and Ficus sp4. Based on the location of the hypodermis, 3 groups of Ficus were found, namely: species with hypodermis located on one side, species with hypodermis located on both sides, and species without hypodermis. Based on the presence or absence of a vessel sheath in the mesophyll, Ficus is divided into 2 groups, namely having and not having a vessel sheath. Lithocyte cells were found in all Ficus leaves observed, with various shapes and locations. Conclusion. The anatomical character of Ficus leaves differs between species Keywords: Ficus, comparative anatomy, leaves Abstrak Studi anatomi daun perlu dilakukan untuk mendukung identifikasi tanaman secara morfologi. Anatomi daun diamati karena daun memiliki struktur jaringan yang bervariasi Karakteristik kerapatan stomata, bentuk sel epidermis, dan struktur mesofil daun bersifat konstan pada setiap spesies sehingga dapat dijadikan acuan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi karakter anatomi daun berbagai jenis Ficus. Sampel dikumpulkan dari Tahura Gunung Tumpa. Pengamatan struktur anatomi daun Ficus menggunakan mikroskop cahaya berdasarkan Sass (1951) dan Johansen (1940) dan dilakukan di Laboratorium Struktur dan Perkembangan Tumbuhan, Fak Biologi UGM. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan gambar. Pengamatan anatomi daun dilakukan pada 19 spesies Ficus yang ditemukan di TAHURA Gunung Tumpa, yaitu Ficus fistulosa, F. forstenii, F. microcarpa, F. ampelas, F. septica, F. tinctoria, F. variegata, F. benjamina, F. subulata, F. punctata, F. elegans, F. hispida, F. racemose, F. elastica, F. minahassae, Ficus sp1, Ficus sp2, Ficus sp3, dan Ficus sp4. Berdasarkan letak hipodermis, ditemukan 3 kelompok Ficus yaitu : jenis dengan hipodermis terletak pada salah satu sisi, jenis dengan hipodermis terletak pada kedua sisi, dan jenis yang tidak memiliki hipodermis. Berdasarkan ada tidaknya seludang pembuluh pada mesofil, Ficus dibagi dalam 2 kelompok yaitu memiliki dan tidak memiliki seludang pembuluh. Sel litosit ditemukan pada semua daun Ficus yang diamati, dengan bentuk dan lokasi yang beragam. Kesimpulan: karakter anatomi daun Ficus berbeda diantara jenis. Kata kunci: Ficus, anatomi perbandingan, daun
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Larson, Frances. "Anthropology As Comparative Anatomy?" Journal of Material Culture 12, no. 1 (March 2007): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359183507074563.

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Yoda, Kiyotsugu, and Mitsuo Suzuki. "Comparative wood anatomy ofCoriaria." Botanical Magazine Tokyo 105, no. 2 (June 1992): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02489418.

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STRANGE, AMY, PAULA J. RUDALL, and CHRISTINA J. PRYCHID. "Comparative floral anatomy of Pontederiaceae." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 144, no. 4 (April 2004): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2003.00262.x.

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Roa, Ignacio, and Mariano del-Sol. "Parotid Gland Comparative Microscopic Anatomy." International Journal of Morphology 37, no. 2 (June 2019): 701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022019000200701.

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DH, Sonnabend, and D. Jones. "Comparative anatomy of the shoulder." Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 5, no. 2 (March 1996): S28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1058-2746(96)80161-3.

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Sonnabend, D. H., and D. Jones. "Comparative anatomy of the shoulder." Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 5, no. 2 (March 1996): S110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1058-2746(96)80472-1.

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Bhargavi, Anand, Singh Ajay, Bahuguna Rohit, Anand Vishal, and Gulati Minkle. "Comparative tooth anatomy – A review." International Journal of Dental Science and Research 1, no. 1 (January 2013): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdsr.2013.03.003.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Anatomy, Comparative"

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Polaszek, A. "Comparative anatomy of aphid reproductive system." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47681.

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Bowles, Henry Miller. "Anatomy of "Decadence"." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493344.

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Examining the perception of literary decline in Greek, Latin, Arabic, and Persian, this study unearths an enduring taboo, one little changed by place and time, against verbal creation too readily sacrificing “nature” and “truth” to artifice and phantasy. The fading of the taboo after the nineteenth century, when “Decadent” yields to a non-normative name for the present (“Modern”), is without precedent. Demonstrating the opprobrium’s enduring nature, this study compares for the first time four literary traditions’ confrontations with a “Decadence” whose similarities have been conjectured since philology’s “golden age.” Chapter I examines two ancient polemics against decline, the tableaux of decay painted by the Avestan liturgical texts and the Attic Greek thinkers before new attitudes towards verbal creation. A similar tableau emerges in Roman reactions to post-Augustan eloquentia’s “decline,” as the analysis of Tacitus in chapter II demonstrates. Chapter III gives voice to non-specialist Imperial reactions to the “decline” heralded by the Second Sophistic, analyzing Plutarch’s and Marcus Aurelius’s rejections of verbal art. Chapter IV considers the effort to regulate artifice within the rhetorical tradition, examining the two great Hellenistic and Imperial authorities (Demetrius and Quintilian). Chapter V finds the prohibition unbroken in the earliest Arabic debate over suqāṭ (“Decadence”). Al-Āmidī’s Muwāzana is a summary statement of the rejection of verbal creation too enamored of facticity. Conversely, chapter VI looks to post-Classical Persian voices enshrining this very conception of verbal creation. Suhrawardī, Mullā Ṣadrā, and Ṣāʾib call for a language reflective of little other than wahm (“imagination”) and himma (“desire”). Chapter VII examines “Decadence” in Greek and Arabic post-Classical fiction. The erosion of μῦθος by ψυχή as the banal desire of non-heroic protagonists eclipses action, as phantasy, shown through the pathetic fallacy, irradiates out into the world, supports critics’ contention: Imperiousness of imagination goes with the genera dicendi’s loosening and the pull of language from the inhuman towards personal fancy. “Decadence” in fiction reflects a literature democratized, one mirroring (petty-) bourgeois interests. This is, argues chapter VIII, a premonition of Modernity: With Gutenberg and Calvin, with an unprecedented accessibility and banality of letters, the taboo against subjectivism and facticity recedes.
Comparative Literature
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Heaney, James Michael. "Comparative anatomy and systematics in Polystachya (Orchidaceae)." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0007860.

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Jones, Ross Alexander. "Comparative anatomy of the human neuromuscular junction." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29629.

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The neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the synapse formed between lower motor neuron and skeletal muscle fibre, is known to be a target in a number of neurodegenerative conditions, including motor neuron disease (MND). Located in an accessible part of the peripheral nervous system, the NMJ can be used as a ‘model synapse’ in the context of ‘connectomics’ – the study of synaptic connectivity throughout the nervous system as a whole. Although the NMJ has been studied in a number of species, relatively little is known about its structure in humans, complicating the translation of animal models of disease to the human condition. Described here is the first detailed cellular and molecular characterization of the human NMJ. A standardized methodology for comparative morphometric analysis of NMJs was developed and validated (‘NMJ-morph’). NMJ-morph was used to generate baseline data for 2160 NMJs from a single litter of wild type mice, representing 9 distinct muscles across 3 body regions. Principal components analysis (PCA) revealed synaptic size and fragmentation to be the key determinants of synaptic variability. Correlation data revealed the pre-synaptic cell (motor neuron) to be a stronger predictor of synaptic morphology than the post-synaptic cell (muscle fibre). Other factors influencing synaptic variability were in a clear hierarchy: muscle identity accounted for more variation in synaptic form than animal identity, with side having no effect. Human tissue was obtained from 20 patients (aged 34 to 92 years) undergoing lower limb amputation, primarily for the complications of peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Muscle samples were harvested from non-pathological regions of the surgical discard tissue. 2860 human NMJs were analyzed from 4 distinct muscles (extensor digitorum longus, soleus, peroneus longus and peroneus brevis), and compared with equivalent NMJs from wild type mice. Human NMJs displayed unique morphological characteristics, including small size, thin axons, rudimentary nerve terminals and distinctive ‘nummular’ endplates, all of which distinguished them from equivalent mouse NMJs. The previous notion of partial occupancy in human NMJs was disproved. As in mice, the pre-synaptic cell was shown to correlate more strongly with NMJ morphology; in contrast to mice, the human NMJ was found to be relatively stable throughout its 90+ year lifespan. In support of the tissue harvesting procedure, patient co-morbidities (diabetes mellitus and vascular disease) did not significantly impact NMJ morphology. Super-resolution imaging of the NMJ revealed significant differences in the functional architecture of human and mouse active zones. Despite the smaller synaptic size in humans, the total quantity of active zone material was conserved between the species, suggesting a homeostatic mechanism to preserve effective neurotransmission. Parallel proteomic profiling demonstrated further species-specific differences in the broader molecular composition of the NMJ. The cellular and molecular anatomy of the human NMJ is fundamentally different to that of other mammalian species. These differences must be taken into account when translating animal models of disease to the human condition.
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Wu, Xiao-Chun. "The comparative anatomy and systematics of Mesozoic sphenodontidans /." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74594.

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This thesis is centred around an anatomical study of the cranial osteology of the Mesozoic sphenodontidans, Asiacephalosaurus wangi, Rarojugalosaurus mcgilli, Dianosaurus petilus and Homoeosaurus maximiliani. The first two are newly discovered and have not been studied previously. The third, previously described only in a preliminary fashion, was misinterpreted as a protorosaur. Although many specimens of H. maximiliani have been described (Cocude-Michel, 1963; Faber, 1981) since the species was first named by Meyer (1845), the newly exposed dorsal part of the skull of a new specimen has provided many new cranial features. Consequently, it was necessary to examine, draw and describe all of these sphenodontidans. The descriptions are all original and present a virtually complete picture of the cranial osteology of these genera for the first time. In addition, the different patterns of the middle ear apparatus of the Sphenodontida and the functional problems of the temporal region in the Lepidosauria have been considered. Although use is made of the literature to obtain background data, the conclusions drawn are original unless explicitly stated otherwise. Finally, the detailed descriptions of the four genera have permitted a reassessment of the phylogeny of the Sphenodontida. After reviewing the literature, original conclusions are given.
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Davis, Samuel Patrick. "Comparative anatomy and relationships of the Acanthodian fishes." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269801.

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Anderson, Matthew John. "Comparative soft anatomy : a new approach to primate taxonomy." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325485.

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Curran, Anthony A. "A Multimedia Atlas of Dissection for Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2224/.

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Traditional methods of teaching the laboratory course for Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates could be improved by applying current computer technology to construct an interactive, multimedial atlas of dissection. Five specimens used in comparative anatomy courses at most institutions were chosen as representative members of the Phylum Chordata: amphioxus, lamprey, dogfish shark, mud puppy, and cat. Specimens were dissected according to the modified method of Wischnitzer, 1993, and each stage was photographed with a Kodak DC120 digital zoom camera. These images were processed on a Power Macintosh 7600 computer with Adobe Photoshop v. 5.0. The atlas was constructed from these images using Macromedia Authorware v. 4.0.3. Each image contains a series of interactive objects that display a highlight and descriptive text as the cursor passes over each object.
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Fouracre, Jim P. "Genetic regulation of Kranz anatomy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7f10306d-d942-49cd-b12f-35b29311ad3c.

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The C₄ photosynthetic cycle acts to concentrate CO₂ around the enzyme Rubisco. By doing so, C₄ photosynthesis leads to increased radiation, water and nitrogen use efficiencies. As such, C₄ photosynthesis is the most productive form of photosynthesis known. Because it enables such high levels of productivity there are large international efforts to introduce C₄ photosynthesis into non-C₄ crop species such as rice. Kranz anatomy is a characteristic leaf cellular arrangement of concentric rings of bundle sheath and mesophyll cells around closely spaced veins and is crucial to C₄ photosynthesis in almost all known examples. Despite the fact that Kranz has evolved on over 60 times independently little is known about the genetic regulation of Kranz development, as attempts to elucidate Kranz regulators using conventional mutagenesis screens have provided few insights. However, the advent of next generation DNA sequencing technologies has enabled the interrogation of genetic networks at a previously unprecedented scale. The work in this thesis describes a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of leaf development in maize, a C₄ species, that develops both Kranz-type and non-Kranz-type leaves. Detailed bioinformatics analyses identified candidate regulators of both Kranz development and additional aspects of maize leaf development. Three of the identified Kranz candidates were functionally characterised in both C₄ and non-C₄ species. Furthermore, expression and phylogenetic analyses of GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) genes, a small transcription factor family previously implicated in C₄ development in maize, were extended to determine the generality of GLK function in C₄ evolution.
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Clegg, Margaret. "The comparative anatomy and evolution of the human vocal tract." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271140.

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Books on the topic "Anatomy, Comparative"

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Kent, George C. Comparative anatomy of thevertebrates. 7th ed. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book, 1992.

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H, Wake Marvalee, ed. Hyman's comparative vertebrate anatomy. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.

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Carlquist, Sherwin. Comparative Wood Anatomy. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-21714-6.

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Adams, Bradley J., and Pamela J. Crabtree. Comparative Skeletal Anatomy. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-132-1.

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Carlquist, Sherwin. Comparative Wood Anatomy. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04578-7.

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Ramprashad, F. Comparative vertebrate anatomy. Edited by Ramprashad S. 3rd ed. Guelph, Ont: University of Guelph, 1989.

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K, Carr Robert, ed. Comparative anatomy of the vertebrates. 9th ed. Boston: McGraw Hill, 2001.

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Kent, George C. Comparative anatomy of the vertebrates. 8th ed. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown, 1997.

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Kent, George C. Comparative anatomy of the vertebrates. 7th ed. Dubuque, Iowa: Wm.C. Brown, 1987.

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Kent, George C. Comparative anatomy of the vertebrates. 6th ed. St. Louis: Times Mirror/Mosby College Pub., 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Anatomy, Comparative"

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Mossman, Harland W. "Comparative Anatomy." In Biology of the Uterus, 19–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5589-2_2.

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Barber, Hugh R. K. "Anatomy, Embryology, and Comparative Anatomy." In Ovarian Carcinoma, 12–24. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9232-3_2.

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Hill, Alexander J., and Paul A. Iaizzo. "Comparative Cardiac Anatomy." In Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology, and Devices, 87–108. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-372-5_6.

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Hill, Alexander J., and Paul A. Iaizzo. "Comparative Cardiac Anatomy." In Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology, and Devices, 89–114. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19464-6_6.

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Carlquist, Sherwin. "Methods for Comparative Wood Anatomy Studies." In Comparative Wood Anatomy, 1–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-21714-6_1.

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Carlquist, Sherwin. "Systematic Application of Wood Data." In Comparative Wood Anatomy, 297–314. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-21714-6_10.

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Carlquist, Sherwin. "Evolution in Wood: An Ecological/Functional Synthesis." In Comparative Wood Anatomy, 315–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-21714-6_11.

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Carlquist, Sherwin. "Growth Rings." In Comparative Wood Anatomy, 12–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-21714-6_2.

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Carlquist, Sherwin. "Vessel Elements." In Comparative Wood Anatomy, 40–103. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-21714-6_3.

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Carlquist, Sherwin. "Imperforate Tracheary Elements." In Comparative Wood Anatomy, 104–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-21714-6_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Anatomy, Comparative"

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Liner, Christopher L., and Norman Bleistein. "Comparative anatomy of common offset dip moveout." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1988. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1892160.

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Boz, Irina. "COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY, ANATOMY AND BIOCHEMISTRY IN PRUNUS SPINOSA L. FRUITS." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018v/6.4/s08.014.

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Bendersky, Marina, Joy Wu, and Tanveer Syeda-Mahmood. "Classification of radiology reports by modality and anatomy: A comparative study." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2018.8621320.

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D'Antonio, Michael P., and C. Kevin Boyce. "THE PHYSIOLOGY OF ARBORESCENT LYCOPSID CORTEX: INSIGHTS FROM COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND TAPHONOMY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-334407.

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Vigneron, Lara, Mike Lawrenchuk, Colleen Wivell, and Sebastian De Boodt. "Comparative Study of Caucasian and Chinese Femur Shapes for Evidence-Based Implant Design." In ASME 2013 Conference on Frontiers in Medical Devices: Applications of Computer Modeling and Simulation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fmd2013-16151.

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With the increasing use of 3D medical imaging, it is possible to analyze 3D patient anatomy to extract features, trends and population specific shape information. This is applied to the development of ‘standard implants’ targeted to specific population groups.
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Friedrich, Frank. "Comparative head anatomy of larval caddisflies with implications on the phylogeny of Trichoptera." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114647.

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Rush, J. "Comparative Anatomy of Cretaceous Carbonate Ramps - An Outcrop-Driven Interpretation for a Sirte Basin Field." In 3rd EAGE North African/Mediterranean Petroleum and Geosciences Conference and Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20146486.

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"Comparative Studies Based on Fruit Anatomy and Palynology of the Genus Heptaptera (Apiaceae) in Turkey." In 5th International Conference on Agriculture, Environment and Biological Sciences. International Academy of Arts, Science & Technology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/iaast.a0416022.

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Favaron, Anna, Elisabetta Ancona, Simone Bramuzzo, Erica Callegaro, Laura Guidolin, Paola Irato, and Gianfranco Santovito. "AN INNOVATIVE TEACHING APPROACH TO CIRCULATORY AND SKELETAL SYSTEMS BASED ON COMPARATIVE VERTEBRATE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY." In International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2017.1015.

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McBride, John H., Katelynn M. Smith, Kaleb Markert, R. William Keach, Stephen T. Nelson, Samuel M. Hudson, Scott M. Ritter, and David Tingey. "COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF QUATERNARY SHORELINE CLASTIC AND CARBONATE SEDIMENTARY DEPOSITS USING 3D GPR: EXAMPLES FROM ANCIENT LAKE BONNEVILLE AND BAHAMAS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-321416.

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Reports on the topic "Anatomy, Comparative"

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Ruden, Erin. Comparative anatomy case study: differences in extrinsic eye muscles and dissection protocols. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-390.

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Saldanha, Ian J., Wangnan Cao, Justin M. Broyles, Gaelen P. Adam, Monika Reddy Bhuma, Shivani Mehta, Laura S. Dominici, Andrea L. Pusic, and Ethan M. Balk. Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer245.

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Objectives. This systematic review evaluates breast reconstruction options for women after mastectomy for breast cancer (or breast cancer prophylaxis). We addressed six Key Questions (KQs): (1) implant-based reconstruction (IBR) versus autologous reconstruction (AR), (2) timing of IBR and AR in relation to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, (3) comparisons of implant materials, (4) comparisons of anatomic planes for IBR, (5) use versus nonuse of human acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) during IBR, and (6) comparisons of AR flap types. Data sources and review methods. We searched Medline®, Embase®, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL®, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to March 23, 2021, to identify comparative and single group studies. We extracted study data into the Systematic Review Data Repository Plus (SRDR+). We assessed the risk of bias and evaluated the strength of evidence (SoE) using standard methods. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42020193183). Results. We found 8 randomized controlled trials, 83 nonrandomized comparative studies, and 69 single group studies. Risk of bias was moderate to high for most studies. KQ1: Compared with IBR, AR is probably associated with clinically better patient satisfaction with breasts and sexual well-being but comparable general quality of life and psychosocial well-being (moderate SoE, all outcomes). AR probably poses a greater risk of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (moderate SoE), but IBR probably poses a greater risk of reconstructive failure in the long term (1.5 to 4 years) (moderate SoE) and may pose a greater risk of breast seroma (low SoE). KQ 2: Conducting IBR either before or after radiation therapy may result in comparable physical well-being, psychosocial well-being, sexual well-being, and patient satisfaction with breasts (all low SoE), and probably results in comparable risks of implant failure/loss or need for explant surgery (moderate SoE). We found no evidence addressing timing of IBR or AR in relation to chemotherapy or timing of AR in relation to radiation therapy. KQ 3: Silicone and saline implants may result in clinically comparable patient satisfaction with breasts (low SoE). There is insufficient evidence regarding double lumen implants. KQ 4: Whether the implant is placed in the prepectoral or total submuscular plane may not be associated with risk of infections that are not explicitly implant related (low SoE). There is insufficient evidence addressing the comparisons between prepectoral and partial submuscular and between partial and total submuscular planes. KQ 5: The evidence is inconsistent regarding whether human ADM use during IBR impacts physical well-being, psychosocial well-being, or satisfaction with breasts. However, ADM use probably increases the risk of implant failure/loss or need for explant surgery (moderate SoE) and may increase the risk of infections not explicitly implant related (low SoE). Whether or not ADM is used probably is associated with comparable risks of seroma and unplanned repeat surgeries for revision (moderate SoE for both), and possibly necrosis (low SoE). KQ 6: AR with either transverse rectus abdominis (TRAM) or deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps may result in comparable patient satisfaction with breasts (low SoE), but TRAM flaps probably increase the risk of harms to the area of flap harvest (moderate SoE). AR with either DIEP or latissimus dorsi flaps may result in comparable patient satisfaction with breasts (low SoE), but there is insufficient evidence regarding thromboembolic events and no evidence regarding other surgical complications. Conclusion. Evidence regarding surgical breast reconstruction options is largely insufficient or of only low or moderate SoE. New high-quality research is needed, especially for timing of IBR and AR in relation to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, for comparisons of implant materials, and for comparisons of anatomic planes of implant placement.
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3

Stall, Nathan M., Kevin A. Brown, Antonina Maltsev, Aaron Jones, Andrew P. Costa, Vanessa Allen, Adalsteinn D. Brown, et al. COVID-19 and Ontario’s Long-Term Care Homes. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.07.1.0.

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Key Message Ontario long-term care (LTC) home residents have experienced disproportionately high morbidity and mortality, both from COVID-19 and from the conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. There are several measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes, if implemented. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Third, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by approaches that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Summary Background The Province of Ontario has 626 licensed LTC homes and 77,257 long-stay beds; 58% of homes are privately owned, 24% are non-profit/charitable, 16% are municipal. LTC homes were strongly affected during Ontario’s first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Questions What do we know about the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Ontario LTC homes? Which risk factors are associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in Ontario LTC homes and the extent and death rates associated with outbreaks? What has been the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general health and wellbeing of LTC residents? How has the existing Ontario evidence on COVID-19 in LTC settings been used to support public health interventions and policy changes in these settings? What are the further measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes? Findings As of January 14, 2021, a total of 3,211 Ontario LTC home residents have died of COVID-19, totaling 60.7% of all 5,289 COVID-19 deaths in Ontario to date. There have now been more cumulative LTC home outbreaks during the second wave as compared with the first wave. The infection and death rates among LTC residents have been lower during the second wave, as compared with the first wave, and a greater number of LTC outbreaks have involved only staff infections. The growth rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC residents was slower during the first two months of the second wave in September and October 2020, as compared with the first wave. However, the growth rate after the two-month mark is comparatively faster during the second wave. The majority of second wave infections and deaths in LTC homes have occurred between December 1, 2020, and January 14, 2021 (most recent date of data extraction prior to publication). This highlights the recent intensification of the COVID-19 pandemic in LTC homes that has mirrored the recent increase in community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 across Ontario. Evidence from Ontario demonstrates that the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and subsequent deaths in LTC are distinct from the risk factors for outbreaks and deaths in the community (Figure 1). The most important risk factors for whether a LTC home will experience an outbreak is the daily incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the communities surrounding the home and the occurrence of staff infections. The most important risk factors for the magnitude of an outbreak and the number of resulting resident deaths are older design, chain ownership, and crowding. Figure 1. Anatomy of Outbreaks and Spread of COVID-19 in LTC Homes and Among Residents Figure from Peter Hamilton, personal communication. Many Ontario LTC home residents have experienced severe and potentially irreversible physical, cognitive, psychological, and functional declines as a result of precautionary public health interventions imposed on homes, such as limiting access to general visitors and essential caregivers, resident absences, and group activities. There has also been an increase in the prescribing of psychoactive drugs to Ontario LTC residents. The accumulating evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been leveraged in several ways to support public health interventions and policy during the pandemic. Ontario evidence showed that SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC staff was associated with subsequent COVID-19 deaths among LTC residents, which motivated a public order to restrict LTC staff from working in more than one LTC home in the first wave. Emerging Ontario evidence on risk factors for LTC home outbreaks and deaths has been incorporated into provincial pandemic surveillance tools. Public health directives now attempt to limit crowding in LTC homes by restricting occupancy to two residents per room. The LTC visitor policy was also revised to designate a maximum of two essential caregivers who can visit residents without time limits, including when a home is experiencing an outbreak. Several further measures could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by measures that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Third, LTC homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Other important issues include improved prevention and detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in LTC staff, enhanced infection prevention and control (IPAC) capacity within the LTC homes, a more balanced and nuanced approach to public health measures and IPAC strategies in LTC homes, strategies to promote vaccine acceptance amongst residents and staff, and further improving data collection on LTC homes, residents, staff, visitors and essential caregivers for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interpretation Comparisons of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the LTC setting reveal improvement in some but not all epidemiological indicators. Despite this, the second wave is now intensifying within LTC homes and without action we will likely experience a substantial additional loss of life before the widespread administration and time-dependent maximal effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. The predictors of outbreaks, the spread of infection, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes are well documented and have remained unchanged between the first and the second wave. Some of the evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been effectively leveraged to support public health interventions and policies. Several further measures, if implemented, have the potential to prevent additional LTC home COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths.
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