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RODRIGUES, PRISCILA ANDRADE MAGALHAES. "ANATOMY E PHYSIOLOGY OF AN APPRENTICESHIP." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=14119@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOA pesquisa procura investigar como um estágio supervisionado na formação de professores acontece em uma escola de educação básica. Este estudo tem como base o projeto O estágio nos cursos de formação de professores como uma via de mão dupla entre universidade e escola, que buscou juntar todos os envolvidos no estágio - estagiários, professores supervisores de estágio e professores regentes - para a discussão conjunta sobre o papel do estágio na formação de futuros docentes. Os sujeitos centrais desta pesquisa são aqueles envolvidos nesse projeto, em seu primeiro semestre de desenvolvimento, ao redor de dois cursos de formação de professores da PUC-Rio, Geografia e Letras (Português-Inglês), e de uma escola municipal do Rio de Janeiro. Foram entrevistados oito estagiários, quatro professores supervisores de estágio, dois professores regentes e a diretora da escola. Durante dois meses, as aulas dos dois professores regentes, das respectivas licenciaturas, foram observadas com e sem a presença de seus estagiários. Além disso, as reuniões e encontros com todos os envolvidos foram acompanhados, na tentativa de entender como o estágio se desenvolvia em todas as suas dimensões. A literatura que entende a escola como espaço real da formação inicial e continuada e do desenvolvimento profissional de professores, como se observa em Nóvoa, Perrenoud, Canário, Roldão, Tardif, Lüdke, entre outros, dá sustentação à pesquisa, juntamente com a literatura sobre estágio de Ghedin, Pimenta e Lima. A análise do estágio já foi feita pelos trabalhos de Cardozo (2003) e Albuquerque (2007), um pela ótica dos alunos estagiários, outro pela ótica dos professores regentes. A presente dissertação analisa o estágio supervisionado pela ótica da escola, contribuindo, assim, para sua análise do estágio em três diferentes perspectivas. As constatações indicam que o estágio, no contexto aqui estudado, constitui rica possibilidade de troca entre os envolvidos, mobilizando todos, inclusive os alunos da escola, ou seja, provocando algum tipo de movimento interno de cada sujeito. O estágio observado revelou-se também como mais significativo e menos burocrático para os estudantes, favorecendo a imersão desses futuros professores em seu contexto de trabalho. Constata-se ainda que a aproximação entre todos os sujeitos, estagiários, supervisores de estágio e professores da escola, em uma proposta conjunta de estágio, permite entender o cruzamento de saberes entre universidade e escola. A adesão de todos os envolvidos no estágio a um projeto comum abre possibilidades para se pensar em futuras propostas de formação docente em real colaboração entre estas duas instituições formadoras de professores.
This research seeks to investigate how a supervised teaching practice occurs at a secondary school during teacher education. The study is based on the project Teaching practice in courses for teacher education as a two-way road between university and school, which has sought to bring together those who are involved in teaching practice, such as future teachers, teacher trainers and school teachers, in order to discuss with the group the role of teaching practice in the training of future teachers. The central subjects of this research are those who are involved in the above mentioned project, mainly in its first six months. They come from two teacher education degree courses for teachers in PUC-Rio - Geography and Languages (Portuguese-English) - and from a public sector secondary school in Rio de Janeiro. We interviewed eight future teachers, four teacher trainers, two school teachers and the principal of the school involved. During two months, we observed the classes with or without the presence of future teachers. Besides, we have participated in every meeting with the people involved in the project, in the attempt to understand how the teaching practice would develop as a whole. Our bibliographical support is the literature on school as a real space of initial and continual training and of teacher professional development, as it is possible to learn from Nóvoa, Perrenoud, Canário, Roldão, Tardif and Lüdke among others. We also based our study on the literature on teaching practice taken from Ghedin, Pimenta and Lima as well as on the analysis of teaching practice that has already been carried out by Cardozo (2003) and Albuquerque (2007), the former from the perspective of future teachers, and the latter from that of the school teachers. This dissertation analyzes teaching practice departing from the school, contributing to the analysis of supervised teaching practice from three different perspectives. The analyses indicates that teaching practice, in the context in which we have studied, constitutes a rich opportunity for interchange between those who are involved in it, mobilizing everyone, including the students attending the school; that is, leading to some kind of internal movement of every subject. The observed teaching practice also reveals itself as more significant and less bureaucratic for the trainees, contributing to the immersion of these future teachers in their job context. It is also possible to observe that the approximation between the subjects of the teaching practice, such as future teachers, teacher trainers and school teachers, allows us to understand the movement of knowledge between university and school. The engagement of everyone involved in the current teaching practice process in a common project opens possibilities for thinking about future proposals for teacher education in real collaboration between both teaching institutions.
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Brown, Patrick J. P. "Anatomy and Physiology: A Guided Inquiry." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. http://amzn.com/1119175259.
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Students Learn when they are actively engaged and thinking in class. The activities in this book are the primary classroom materials for teaching Anatomy and Physiology, sing the POGIL method. The result is an "I can do this" attitude, increased retention, and a feeling of ownership over the material.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1027/thumbnail.jpg
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Forster, Brenda J. "Piglet blood parameters at birth as indicators of nutritional status and postnatal performance." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63906.
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Paulet, Julia. "MATURATION OF THE CAROTID BODY OXYGEN-SENSOR DURING RAT DEVELOPMENT." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1337703804.
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Schulz, Leslie. "Anatomy and Physiology Syllabus for Community Colleges." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2500/.
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This syllabus includes both lecture notes and laboratory activities for a two-semester anatomy and physiology community college course. The syllabus is based on a 16-week semester that is comprised of a three-hour lecture section and a one-hour laboratory class each week. Both the lecture course and laboratory are necessary to fulfill the requirement for anatomy and physiology. Laboratory activities coincide with lectures to enhance understanding of each topic by providing visual and hands-on experiments for the concepts learned in the lecture. Laboratory quizzes will be given each week to help students maintain a working knowledge of the material learned in the laboratory. This course is appropriate for the typical anatomy and physiology student and should benefit both students who plan to major in biology and also those who are non-biology majors. Because subject matter in anatomy and physiology is quite difficult, the importance of attendance and good study skills is stressed.
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Poscher, Elisabeth. "Salinity Effects on Guayule Leaf Anatomy and Physiology." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194362.
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Salinity usually reduces plant growth in terms of height and biomass, but can increase secondary metabolite production. This frequently reported observation in guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray, Asteraceae) was investigated for possible mechanisms.Osmotic and specific ion effects of four chloride salts (CaCl2, MgCl2, KCl, and NaCl) on leaf anatomical and plant physiological parameters were studied. One-year-old plants of guayule line AZ 2 were grown under two salt concentrations (750 ppm and 1500 ppm) for each salt type (plus a control) in sand culture (semi-hydroponic) for eight weeks under controlled greenhouse conditions in Tucson, Arizona.Growth in height decreased with increasing salt concentration. Shoot dry weight, rubber, and resin contents, however, showed no significant differences between treatments, indicating no effect from either salt concentration or salt type. There was a trend for increasing rubber content with increasing salt concentration, although not statistically significant. At the same time, net CO2 gas exchange rates decreased significantly with increasing salinity.With increasing salt concentration, guayule showed osmotic effects in terms of height, indicating a lower hydraulic conductivity. Although plants of higher salt concentrations utilized significantly less water, they had the same shoot dry weights, rubber, and resin contents. Salt-stressed plants therefore achieved higher water use efficiencies. The diurnal net CO2 gas exchange rates were significantly reduced with increasing salinity; the nocturnal net CO2 gas exchange rates showed no significant difference between the treatments.Anatomically, it was found that the stomata were raised or elevated above the epidermis, and supported by upwardly curving cells. When guayule was grown under salt treatments, the trichomes were found to include deposits of material. Trichomes might act as a detoxification repository for excess ions. Although the physiological significance of raised stomata is unknown, it is hypothesized that the unique combination of raised stomata, indumentum, and multiple layers of palisade parenchyma allows for an overall high photosynthetic capacity and performance. During stress conditions such as salinity or drought, guayule might activate an internal CO2 concentrating mechanism, i.e., bicarbonate/CO2 pump, internal CO2 recycling, or PEP carboxylation activity.
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Willis, Gregory L. "Elucidation of the major histocompatibility system of the pig." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1985. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26012.
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This thesis describes a project in which the major histocompatibility system of Australian domestic pigs was elucidated for the first time. Reagents for the serological detection of Class I MHC antigens on lymphocytes were raised by immunizing almost 100 pigs with small pieces of skin taken from the ears of closely related animals. A highly sensitive and reproducible micro-test system was developed for the lymphocyte typing of over 400 pigs and it appeared that at least 10 MHC antigens were defined. In the course of typing these animals, a survey was conducted on the results of over 420 matings to investigate whether a state of histoincompatibility between parents is conducive to reproductive efficiency in this species. No significant trends were revealed from this particular survey, but the project has paved the way for a substantial variety of fascinating future research.
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Sanders, Theresa A. "Quantitation of Teratogenic Effects of 5-fluorouracil Administered to Mice in Vivo or in Submerged Limb Culture." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1987. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2786.
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This study demonstrates the use of submerged limb culture in teratologic testing. Pregnant mice were treated on day 11 of gestation (E11, plug date = E0) with 10, 20 or 40 mg of 5-fluorouracil (FU) per kg body weight. On E17, treated and untreated fetuses were examined for gross malformations and were fixed in 95% ethanol. Reduction of limb size and digital defects, including ectrodactyly (ED), syndactyly (SD), microdactyly and polydactyly were dose-dependent. In parallel studies, pregnant mice were treated on the morning of E11 and embryos were removed either 7h (E11) or 24h (E12) later for submerged limb culture. Changes in limb area showed a dose-response relationship while treatment had little effect on the shape of individual bones. This indicates the relatively unspecific nature of FU-induced embryotoxicity. E11 studies revealed a dose dependent response of ED, SD and fusion of the metacarpals/metatarsals (MC/MT) to the proximal phalanges. Unlike E11 cultures, middle phalanges were present but decreased in number as dosage increased. Limbs from embryos of untreated females were cultured (E11) in the presence of 0.002, 0.02, 0.2 or 2.0 mg FU/ml culture medium. The percentage of limbs void of paw cartilage or with decreased numbers of MC/MT was dose-dependent. A dose-dependent decrease in the deleterious effects of 0.02 mg FU/ml was observed when 0.2 or 0.02 mg thymine/ml was added to the cultures. In both culture and non-culture studies, hindlimbs (HL) were more affected than forelimbs (FL) and distal regions were more affected than proximal ones. In addition to the morphometric analyses, biochemical parameters of growth and differentiation were examined at 0, 36 and 72h of culture in untreated and treated limbs. Both DNA and protein of FU treated limbs were decreased compared to untreated controls. FL demonstrated greater capacity for regulation of losses in protein content, HL for DNA content. Submerged limb culture provides a useful model for the examination of xenobiotic effects on limb development and allows some comparative evaluation among in vivo, in vivo/in vitro and in vitro studies. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)
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Wang, Tian. "Developmental physiology of the intestine in neonatal pigs : effects of milk and milk-borne growth factors /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20128678.
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Kardegar, Nadia. "Electrical Brain Stimulation and Depressive-like Behavior in Guinea Pigs." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1342408797.
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Garza, Chelsea Raye. "Analysis of Frontal and Maxillary Sinus Dimensions by Computed Tomography scans for Sex Determination." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503234651997034.
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Tickhill, Justin D. "The virtual pig head digital imaging in cephalic anatomy /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1187634238.
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Wang, Tian, and 王恬. "Developmental physiology of the intestine in neonatal pigs: effects of milk and milk-borne growthfactors." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31239407.
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Mubiru, James Nkambwe. "Growth and development of the pancreas and stomach in neonatal pigs." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19481792.
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Ade-Ademilua, Omobolanle Elizabeth. "Plastochron index - an indicator of plant structure and function a case study using Pisum sativum L." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003751.
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The use of chronological age for example, using days after sowing (DAS), or days after germination (DAG) as a time variable may result in the inherent variability between plants resulting in differences which can be large enough to obscure subtle developmental trends that become evident among plants sown at the same time. An alternative to DAS or DAG is the plastochron index (PI), first used by Erickson and Michelini (1957) as a morphological time scale and numerical index; which to according to the authors suggested and represented a more accurate reflection of the developmental status of a plant. The research presented in this thesis was therefore aimed specifically at utilizing the index in qualitative and quantitative analyses, to confirm its usefulness in analyzing and predicting plant growth and development. Specifically this research focused on investigating various morphological and physiological events that together, hopefully, would serve as a template for the prediction of the growth, development and reactions of Pisum sativum L. to different growth conditions. In Chapter 3, the use of the average length of the first pair of leaflets on each node as a suitable parameter for calculating PI in P. sativum is suggested. The results presented in Chapter 3 suggest that plant age is best expressed using the plastochron index, as this reflects the time interval between the initiations of successive pairs of leaflets. This section of the research has been published as “Ade-Ademilua OE, Botha CEJ (2005) A re-evaluation of plastochron index in peas - a case for using leaflet length. South African Journal of Botany 71: 76-80”. The PI formula developed was subsequently used in this research to conduct qualitative and quantitative investigations of plant growth and development in which all data and observations were related directly to the plastochron index. In Chapter 4, the sink to source transition in Pisum sativum L. leaves at different plastochron ages in nodulating plants was investigated using the phloem-mobile fluorescent marker, 5,6-carboxyfluorescein (5,6-CF). The results demonstrated that young leaves remained strong sinks up until LPI 0, after which sink-source transition occurred up to LPI 1.8 and leaflets transitioned to strong source systems by LPI 2.0. A well-developed cross-connected phloem system between paired leaflets in peas, and the petiole and the stem vascular supply was observed. The data presented in the second part of Chapter 4 suggest that the phloem transport between leaflet pairs is independent of the sink/source state of the leaflets, or of movement along the source to sink gradient. The data support the presence of a modular transport system which may ensure re-allocation and balancing between leaflets of the same physiological age and photosynthetic and transport status, thereby load-balancing the local transport system, before exporting to other younger (sink) regions. The investigation of leaf development using the plastochron index (Chapter 5) revealed that the formation of air spaces in the palisade and spongy mesophyll, one of the preparatory events for transition from sink to source state in developing leaves, occurs between LPI 0 and LPI 1 in pea leaflets. Results of the anatomical and ultrastructural study related to PI are presented in Chapter 5. The density of wall ingrowths in transfer cells of minor veins increased with LPI and appeared to be associated with the probable transition to source state and the related potential increase in the production of assimilates for export. The onset of wall ingrowth development in leaflets at LPI 0 provided evidence that sink-to-source transition commences at LPI 0 in P. sativum. Presumably-functional plasmodesmata as well as a few mature sieve elements were evident in class IV veins in the apical region of young and older leaflets at LPI 0. The number of mature sieve elements per vein however, increased with increasing LPI. Most class V veins were still undergoing division at LPI 0 and their sieve elements did not show signs of maturity until LPI 1. The increase in the number of mature metaphloem sieve elements in young, supposedly importing tissue at LPI 0 to older, supposedly exporting tissues at LPI 2 is evidence of the association between phloem maturation and transition from importing to exporting status. In Chapter 6, I report on the effects of elevated CO[subscript 2] on the growth and leaf development of nodulating and non-nodulating Pisum sativum L var. Greenfeast grown under controlled environment of the same nitrogen (6mM) and nitrogen- free nutrient solution conditions. Shortterm exposure to elevated CO[subscript 2] induced rapid plant growth, irrespective of treatment. However, long-term elevated CO[subscript 2] treatment did not affect rate of leaf appearance (RLA) in nodulated plants, irrespective of mineral N supply but enhanced RLA in non- nodulating plants supplied with mineral N. Supplied N resulted in a significant increase in leaflet elongation rate (LfER) under both ambient and elevated CO[subscript 2], but LfER was not significantly affected by nodulation but was increased by high CO[subscript 2]. This suggested that the growth of nodulating P. sativum L may not be significantly affected under CO[subscript 2] levels as high as 1000 μmol mol[superscript -1]. The data suggest that elevated CO[subscript 2] will enhance canopy size, provided adequate soil N is available and more so in non-nodulating plants. This section of the research has been published as “Ade-Ademilua OE, Botha CEJ (2004) The effects of elevated CO[subscript 2] and nitrogen availability supersedes the need for nodulation in peas grown under controlled environmental conditions. South African Journal of Botany 70: 816 – 823”. This thesis demonstrates that the similarity in the qualitative analyses results obtained from plants from different CO[subscript 2], nitrogen and nodulation treatment conditions, highlights the fact that plants of same PI value are at the same developmental state, irrespective of the growth condition. Furthermore, changes in plant structure and function observed under different growth conditions can be related simply to changes in plastochron index. The work presented in this thesis demonstrate that changes in plant structure and function analyzed are related to changes in PI. An important finding of this thesis is that with the use of PI, results can be compiled as a template for predicting the structure- function state of pea plants at any plastochron age, under any growth conditions, before using small representative sample populations.
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Slominski, Tara. "Drawing on Student Knowledge in Human Anatomy and Physiology." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27280.
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Prior to instruction, students may have developed alternative conceptions about the mechanics behind human physiology. To help students re-shape these ideas into correct reasoning, the faulty characteristics reinforcing the alternative conceptions need to made explicit. This study used student-generated drawings to expose alternative conceptions Human Anatomy and Physiology students had prior to instruction on neuron physiology. Specifically, we investigated how students thought about neuron communication across a synapse (n=355) and how neuron activity can be modified (n=311). When asked to depict basic communication between two neurons, at least 80% of students demonstrated incorrect ideas about synaptic transmission. When targeting spatial and temporal summation, only eleven students (3.5%) were able to accurately depict at least one form of summation. In response to both drawing questions, student drawings revealed multiple alternative conceptions that resulted in a deeper analysis and characterization of the wide variation of student ideas.North Dakota State University. Department of Biological Sciences
National Science Foundation (NSF DUE-0833268)
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Findlay, Robin. "The anatomy and physiology of the crab balancing organ." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1985. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU362771.
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This thesis examines the way in which the crab balancing organ detects low frequency angular accelerations and vibrations. Anatomical studies using light and electron microscopy have confirmed that the statocyst comprises two fluid-filled orthogonal canals in which the sensory elements are long thin hairs (thread hairs) or short hooked hairs (free hook hairs and statolith hairs) which poke into the lumen of the canals. The thread hairs are innervated by two bipolar neurones which send their dendritic processes into modified chordotonal organs; these are characterised by the presence of scolopidial elements accompanied by chitinous strands which link scolopidia with thread hairs. A linear systems technique, namely sinusoidal oscillation of the statocyst was used to examine the frequency response of the statocyst hair receptors in the range 0.6-78Hz. The thread hair/statocyst system is shown to behave as a velocity transducer in the range 0.6-4Hz. Free hook hair receptors also respond to low frequency sinusoids but their output is non-linear. Other nonlinearities exhibited by both receptors include gain adaptation and rectification of the response. In addition a marked position sensitivity is shown by the thread hair receptors. It is concluded that both types of receptor contribute to the detection of low frequency angular accelerations. A response to vibration is demonstrated by both types of receptor although the thread hairs respond only in a very transient way to frequencies above 30Hz. By contrast the free hook hair receptors respond throughout the vibration range tested and are suited to the detection of substrate and water borne signals. They have a best frequency between 30 and 40Hz.
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Gaten, Edward. "The anatomy and physiology of selected reflecting superposition eyes." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34352.
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Aspects of the morphology and optical physiology of reflecting superposition eyes have been investigated using species from various decapod crustacean taxa. The eyes all have the same basic structure of a distal dioptric layer and a proximal retinula layer, separated by an unpigmented clear zone. In the eyes of shrimps, lobsters and crayfish the clear zone is crossed by crystalline cone cell extensions. In squat lobsters this region is crossed by rhabdomeric lightguides. Porcelain crabs possess an eye intermediate in design. The superposition ray path, the action of corneal lenses and the presence of lightguides have been demonstrated and the refractive indices of several optical elements determined. These results have been used to produce ray tracing diagrams showing the optical pathways within these eyes. All of the eyes function by redirecting light across the clear zone by reflection within a mirrored crystalline cone. In squat lobsters a rhabdomeric lightguide transmits axial light to the rhabdoms. The eyes have a small f-number resulting in good light-gathering power and maximum sensitivity. However, intracellular electrophysiological determinations of retinula cell angular sensitivity show that these eyes have poor resolution. Variations in morphology and optics represent adaptations to the underwater light field, especially in the tapeta and in the light- sensitive rhabdoms. In oceanic species the tapetum varies in both structure and reflectivity along a dorso-ventral gradient within each eye and also interspecifically. It is proposed that the need to remain well-camouflaged in the low-contrast oceanic environment leads to tapetal modifications. Where sufficient light is available the rhabdoms are adapted to maximize resolution and permit sensitivity to polarized light. In deeper water, where little light remains, the rhabdoms are adapted to increase sensitivity at the expense of resolution. The dorsal region of the eye retains apposition optics for the purpose of detecting small objects in silhouette against the downwelling light.
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Nguyen, Quant. "The myofibrillar and connective tissue content of selected bovine muscles and porcine cardiac and skin tissues /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66137.
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Barahona, Roberto G. Suazo. "Intrauterine position in pigs: effects on conceptus development and fetal fluids steroid content." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43288.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intrauterine position and its possibly resultant steroid differential on conceptus growth and steroid content in allantoic and amniotic fluid of pigs. six conceptus variables (placental weight, placental length, fetal weight, fetal length, allantoic fluid volume and amniotic fluid volume) and seven steroids (progesterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone, estrone and estrone sulfate) were evaluated. Four fetal positions were studied: females between females (f2F), females between males (fOF) , males between females (m2F) and males between males (mOF).
Fetuses examined from ovariectomized (OVX) pregnenolone (PS)-treated gilts showed differences in placental
weight, allantoic fluid estrone and androstenedione content and amniotic fluid androstenedione content as a result of intrauterine position. Fetuses from OVX gilts treated with either medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) I or progesterone (P4) showed differences in placental length due to intrauterine position. Allantoic and amniotic fluid content of any of the steroids studied from OVX MPA- and P4-treated gilts was not altered as a result of intrauterine position. Intrauterine position appears to have a definite influence on conceptus development and possibly on steroid content. However, discrepancies' of results among trials possibly as a result of differences in type and amount of exogenous precursor enable us to draw stronger conclusions on the intrauterine position effect.Master of Science
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Ottonello, Dominique Marchelle. "Impact of Passive Range of Motion Exercises and Stretching in Knee Osteoarthritis Pain during Walking." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1589847790494845.
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Bountra, Charanjit. "Physiology of fertilization of mammalian eggs." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29937.
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Muir, Eric R. "Magnetic resonance imaging of retinal physiology and anatomy in mice." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37268.
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MRI can provide anatomical, functional, and physiological images at relatively high spatial resolution and is non-invasive and does not have depth limitation. However, the application of MRI to study the retina is difficult due to the very small size of the retina. This thesis details the development of MRI methods to image blood flow (BF), anatomy, and function of the retina and choroid, and their application to two diseases of the retina: diabetic retinopathy and retinal degeneration.
A unique continuous arterial spin labeling technique was developed to image BF in mice and tested by imaging cerebral BF. This method was then applied to image layer-specific BF of the retina and choroid in mice, and to acquire BF functional MRI of the retina and choroid in response to hypoxic challenge. Additionally blood oxygen level dependent functional MRI of the mouse retina and choroid in response to hypoxic challenge was obtained using a balanced steady state free precession sequence which provides fast acquisition, has high signal to noise ratio, and does not have geometric distortion or signal dropout artifacts.
In a mouse model of diabetic retinopathy, MRI detected reduced retinal BF in diabetic animals. Visual function in the diabetic mice, as determined by psychophysical tests, was also reduced. Finally, in a mouse model of retinal degeneration, BF and anatomical MRI detected reductions of retinal BF and the thickness of the retina. The studies detailed in this thesis demonstrate the feasibility of layer-specific MRI to study BF, anatomy, and function, in the mouse retina. Further, these methods were shown to provide a novel means of studying animal models of retinal disease in vivo.
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Salma, Umme. "Anatomy, behaviour and physiology of the marine isopod, Cirolana harfordi." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17221.
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Isopods are members of the order Isopoda that is contained in the subphylum Crustacea. Isopods have seven pairs of similar walking legs and the name isopod is derived from the Greek words “Iso” meaning same and “pod” meaning foot or leg. So far, more than 10,600 isopod species have been identified. The first isopod to evolve was Hesslerella shermani which is thought to be the ancestor of all modern isopods. About 225 million years ago, some isopods made evolutionary transitions from the marine habitat to freshwater and about 110 million years ago, some isopods made evolutionary transitions from aquatic habitats to land. During the evolutionary transition from water to land, a major challenge for these isopods would have been avoiding desiccation. Terrestrial isopods often huddle together in close proximity and this aggregative behaviour decreases evaporative surface area and reduces desiccation. In 2011, aggregative behaviour of the terrestrial isopod, Porcellio scaber was studied by Devigne and his colleagues. The experimental set-up in this study consisted of a cylindrical arena containing two transparent dark red shelters, placed at either side of the arena that provided coverage for the animals and reduced the exposure to light, as terrestrial isopods display negative phototaxis. The majority of the group of P. scaber individuals chose one of the two red shelters at random and aggregated under it thereby showing social aggregation. Prior to 2013, it was not known whether social aggregative behaviour evolved in isopods after their evolutionary transition to land to help reduce desiccation or whether marine isopods also display social aggregative behaviour. It was decided to test whether the marine isopod, Cirolana harfordi, which is anatomically similar to P. scaber, displays social aggregative behaviour. C. harfordi populations are found in the intertidal rocky sea beaches of the Pacific coast of North America, Australia and Japan. As C. harfordi lives in the intertidal zones of coastal areas and estuaries, it may often experience fluctuating salinities. The salinity of estuarine water can decrease from 35 ppt to 10 ppt after rainfall events. Prior to this study, it was not known whether the physiology and behaviour of C. harfordi are affected by hyposaline water. In the marine environment, isopods use their antennules for sensing food odours. Isopods have one pair of antennae and one pair of shorter antennules on the cephalon (head). The antennae and antennules of crustaceans are often decorated with numerous articulated cuticular projections known as setae. These setae can have chemosensory and / or mechanosensory functions. During the evolutionary transition from water to land, terrestrial isopods evolved shorter antennules with fewer setae as compared to their marine ancestors. This might have occurred because terrestrial isopods do not rely as much on the antennules for food searching out of water. Prior to 2013, it was not known, however, whether C. harfordi relies on antennules for food searching behaviour in water. To investigate whether C. harfordi shows social aggregative behaviour, specimens were placed in a 20 cm diameter acrylic cylinder arena that contained two 5 cm diameter circular acrylic shelters that were tinted red (to reduce light transmittance), one at either end of the arena. To investigate whether C. harfordi individuals require light reduction to display social aggregative behaviour under a shelter, experiments were performed in a similar arena mentioned above with the exception that both of the shelters were clear. To characterize C. harfordi’s ability to withstand short term (two days or less) exposure to hyposaline water, specimens of C. harfordi were transferred from 100% artificial seawater to four different artificial seawater dilutions, 100%, 50%, 25% and 0% artificial seawater and their survival rate, weight gain, oxygen consumption and righting behaviour were examined for 48 hours. To investigate whether C. harfordi requires antennae or antennules for food searching behaviour, a combination of antennae and antennules ablation experiments were performed. There were seven treatment groups that had the following structures ablated; left antennae, right antennae, both antennae, left antennules, right antennules, both antennules, both antennae and antennules. Animals were anaesthetized by placing on ice before performing ablation experiments. Food searching experiments were performed in a 20 cm diameter circular arena by placing an individual animal in a small holding bay at one side of the arena and two eppendorf tubes (one of these tubes contained canned tuna and the other was kept empty) on the other side of the arena. The holding bay was removed from the arena and movements of animals to the food were video recorded. The data obtained from the recorded video were used for measurement of searching duration, travel distance and speed to locate the food. Moreover, light and scanning electron microscopy were performed to investigate the structure of the setae on the antennae and antennules. When specimens of C. harfordi were placed in the arena with two red shelters, the majority of the group of animals chose one of the two identical shelters at random, and congregated under this winning shelter. These data indicate that the aggregative behavior displayed by this marine isopod species is driven by social conspecific attraction. When C. harfordi specimens were placed in the arena with two clear shelters, the animals again picked one of the two clear shelters at random and significantly more animals aggregated under this shelter as compared to the other. These data indicate that C. harfordi specimens do not require negative phototaxis to display social aggregation. When specimens of C. harfordi were transferred from 100% artificial seawater to 100% 50%, 25% or 0% artificial seawater (and the entire experiment repeated a total of three times), none of the animals died in the 100% and 50% dilutions up to 48 hours. 97% of the animals survived in 25% artificial seawater for 48 hours, which was not significantly different to control animals, but no animals survived after 24th hours in 0% artificial seawater. The mean percent weight gain of the animals exposed to 50% artificial seawater was significantly increased at 4, 24 and 48 hours compared to control animals whereas a significant difference in the mean percent weight gain was found at 2, 3, 4, 24 and 48 hours in the animals exposed to 25% artificial seawater as compared to controls. The mean percent weight gain of the animals exposed to 0% artificial seawater was significantly higher at 2, 3 and 4 hours compared to controls. When animals were exposed to 25% and 0% artificial seawater for 90 minutes, their righting reflex time was significantly increased compared to controls. When animals were exposed to 50% artificial seawater for 6 hours, their mean oxygen consumption significantly increased compared to control animals. When animals were exposed to 25% and 0% artificial seawater for 6 hours, their mean oxygen consumption was significantly decreased compared to control animals held in 100% artificial seawater. These data indicate that whether C. harfordi can tolerate an episode of hyposaline water depends on the degree of hyposalinity and the length of exposure. C. harfordi individuals that had both antennules ablated required a significantly longer time to locate food as compared to control animals and this indicates that specimens of C. harfordi require antennules for efficiently locating food sources. Light and scanning electron microscopy data showed that C. harfordi individuals have a variety of setae types on the antennae and antennules. In conclusion, C. harfordi is a social animal, it depends on its antennules for locating food and is able to survive in quarter strength seawater for days which suggests that C. harfordi is adapted to survive in estuaries.
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Ragland, Mary C. "The Velocity of Hyolaryngeal Excursion in Normal Swallowing." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1400521302.
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Boue, Jenna E. "Sex Differences in Thrombosis with Canine Basilar Artery and Murine Middle Cerebral Artery Thromboembolic Stroke Models." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587048703654416.
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Rodier, Mitchell Ellis. "Effects of age and clustered hypoxia on neurotachykinin-1 receptors in brainstem of developing swine." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29569.
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This work focused on the natural development of neurotachykinin-1 (NK-1) receptors in the porcine brainstem during postnatal development (using 4 ages vs adult), and on alterations in these receptors after single and six-daily repeated clustered hypoxia (using young and older piglets). NK-1 receptor localization and densities were determined by quantitative autoradiography, using mono-iodinated Bolton-Hunter substance P ([125I]-BHSP). Slide-mounted brainstem sections, incubated in [125I]-BHSP and then exposed to film, have shown [125I]-BHSP binding throughout many brainstem nuclei and tracts, including the ambigual/periambigual (nAmb), dorsal motor vagal (dmnv), hypoglossal (nHyp), lateral reticular (nRL), gigantocellular (nGC), solitary tract (nTS), medial parabrachial (nPBM), and raphe obscurus (nROb) nuclei. NK-1 receptor densities decreased with age. As compared to normoxia, NK-1 receptor densities increased significantly after the 6-daily hypoxia protocol in dmnv, nHyp, nRL, nROb, and nTS of both young and older age groups. This increase may represent receptor upregulation as an adaptation to repeated hypoxia.
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De, Boef Maria Elizabeth. "Effects of phylogeny, physiology, and function on bone microstructure in extant endothermic vertebrates." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86513.
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A strong relationship between bone macrostructural morphology and bone mechanical function has been well documented and is an essential component of many vertebrate biomechanical studies. However, a vastly richer data set could be had if the relationship between bone microstructure and bone function were as well understood. This thesis enumerates the bone microstructure-function relationship in a statistically consistent manor in extant endotherms.Phylogeny, physiology and function have been shown to independently contribute to bone microstructure morphology. However, rarely have two or more of these factors been examined in combination. In this work the author used various statistical and experimental techniques to quantify the contribution of each of these factors to bone microstructure.
This work is organized into four parts: First, a review of methods used to quantify bone microstructure is given and a new method for quantifying vascular orientation proposed. This method allows the researcher to observe vascular orientation as an unbiased continuous measure and therefore complete more extensive statistical testing. Second, an analysis of the use of skeletochronology for aging three species of extant carnivores is given. This technique, although rarely used in extant endotherms, is commonly used for aging specimens from palaeontological findings. Upon discovering a significant discordance between organismal age and skeletochronology in the carnivorans studied here, I discuss the validity of its use in palaeontology. Third, using a sample of seven carnivoran species, the impact of phylogeny, function and physiology on bone microstructure was tested using a variance partitioning method. It was found that phylogeny has a large and significant impact on bone microstructural characteristics but only in conjunction with functional and physiological variables. When considering the effects of the three "pure" factors I found that physiological factors are the major drivers of bone microstructure. To further explore these findings, the final chapter presents an experimental study on the effects of biomechanical function and repeated loading on the humerus and tibiotarsus in Helmeted GuineaFowl. It was found that the type of strain and the repetition of strain from exercise both significantly impact bone microstructure but the relationship between tensile, compressive and shear strains to microstructure is complex with no obvious correlation.
Il existe une forte relation entre la morphologie de la structure macroscopique des os et leurs caractéristiques fonctionnelles au niveau mécanique. Cette relation est bien documentée et est un aspect essentiel de plusieurs études sur la biomécanique des vertébrés. Cependant, un ensemble de données beaucoup plus étoffé serait disponible si la relation entre la morphologie de la microstructure des os et leur fonction était mieux comprise. La présente thèse comporte une énumération des relations entre la microstructure des os et leurs caractéristiques fonctionnelles chez certaines espèces actuelles d'endothermes, en suivant une approche statistique cohérente.
Il a été démontré que la phylogénie, la fonction et la physiologie contribuent séparément à la morphologie de la microstructure des os. Cependant, les effets combinés de deux ou plusieurs de ces facteurs ont rarement été examinés. Dans la présente étude, l'auteur a utilisé plusieurs méthodes statistiques et expérimentales afin de quantifier l'impact respectif de chacun de ces facteurs sur la microstructure des os.
Cette thèse est organisée en quatre parties. D'abord, une revue des méthodes utilisées pour quantifier la microstructure des os est présentée et une nouvelle méthode pour quantifier l'orientation vasculaire est proposée. Cette nouvelle méthode permet d'observer l'orientation vasculaire d'une manière continue et non-biaisée, et permet donc une analyse statistique plus approfondie. Ensuite, l'utilisation de la squelettochronologie pour la détermination de l'âge de trois espèces de carnivores est analysée. Cette technique, bien que rarement utilisée pour déterminer l'âge chez les endothermes actuels, est communément employée pour les espèces paléontologiques. À la suite de la découverte d'une discordance significative entre l'âge des organismes et la squelettochronologie chez les carnivores étudiés ici, la validité de cette technique en paléontologie est discutée. En troisième partie, à partir d'un échantillon de sept espèces de carnivores et au moyen d'une analyse de partition de variance, l'impact de la phylogénie, de la fonction et de la physiologie sur la microstructure des os a été testé. Il a été découvert que la phylogénie avait un impact important sur la microstructure des os, mais seulement en conjonction avec les variables liées à la fonction et à la physiologie. Lorsque les effets des trois facteurs « purs » étaient considérés, la physiologie était le facteur qui contribuait le plus à la variabilité observée dans la microstructure des os. Afin d'examiner ces résultats plus en détail, le chapitre final présente une expérience investiguant les effets d'une charge répétée et de la fonction biomécanique sur l'humérus et le tibiotarse de la pintade de Numidie (Numida meleagris). Le type d'effort et la répétition de l'effort imposé par l'exercice avaient tous les deux un impact significatif sur la microstructure des os, mais les relations entre les forces de tension, de compression et de cisai
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Jeantet, Meriella Anita. "In vitro progesterone and estrone synthesis by the porcine placenta and endometrium at 30, 60 and 90 days of gestation." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91126.
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The present studies were conducted to gain a better understanding of the effects of pregnenolone (P₅), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and 3' 5', cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( cAMP) on porcine placental and endometrial production of progesterone (P₄), testosterone (T) and estrone (E₁) at 30, 60 and 90 days of gestation. Duplicate 300 mg samples of placenta, endometrium or both (co-incubation) were incubated in medium199 containing either no P₅, P₅, P₅ + hCG or P₅ + cAMP for either zero (control), .5, 1 or 2 h.
The first study compared P₄ and E₁ production with or without addition of P₅. At d 30, 60 and 90, respectively, P₄ production (ng/g) increased significantly in the presence (vs absence) of P₅ in the incubation medium of placental (13.2 vs 7.5, 73.9 vs 42.7, 137.4 vs 113.5, respectively) coincubation (14.5 vs 10.0, 33.6 vs 22.3, 77.9 vs 49.4, respectively) and endometrial (16.0 vs 13.3, 23.0 vs 16.0, 17.1 vs 6.7, respectively) tissue. Presence of P₅ increased E₁ production in d 60 (1.3 vs .7 ng/g) and d 90 (51.7 vs 34.6 ng/g) placental tissue and d 90 endometrial tissue (9.8 vs 8.0 ng/g).
In a second study, P₅ + cAMP increased (vs P₅ alone) P₄ in placental tissue at d 30 (11.6 vs 8.7 ng/g) and coincubation tissue at d 90 (103.7 vs 75.3 ng/g). Cyclic AMP stimulated increased P₄ synthesis ( vs P₅ alone), throughout the incubation period in d 60 and d 90 tissue. E₁ production by endometrial tissue at d 30 (4.1 vs 2.9 ng/g), and placental tissue at d 60 ( 1. 2 vs . 9 ng/g). Presence of hCG in the incubation medium had no overall effect on either P₄ or E₁ accumulation. Only trace amounts of T were detected in either study, suggesting rapid aromatization of C₁₉ steroids to estrogens.M.S.
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Joung, Hyojee. "Changes in copper and zinc metabolism after trauma." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1382028154.
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Jaggers, Robert Maxwell. "Is Polyvinylidene diflouride (PVDF) film biocompatible in the Murine Cochlea?" Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1440944212.
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Levee, Kathryn E. "Gross and Histological Features of a Myofascial Trigger Point in the Upper Trapezius." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1996. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2938.
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The purpose of this study was to precisely locate, in living humans, a myofascial trigger point associated with the upper portion of the trapezius muscle (TrP1) that refers pain to the head and neck and to determine if this point is associated with anatomical structures. This study is descriptive and utilizes data from measurements of the location of TrP1 in relation to anatomical landmarks, of pressure sensitivity overlying the trigger point and electromyography recordings in localizing the trigger point. Information obtained from living humans was used to determine anatomical correlation to structures in cadavers. Results indicated there is little variability in the location of TrP1 among individuals or from one extremity to the other, and this point may be associated with structures of the skin. A neurovascular supply (NAV) emerging from the upper trapezius to the skin was located in cadavers resembling the location of TrP1 in living humans. This NAV contained only small diameter nociceptive nerve fibers. Conclusion from the study show that TrP1 in living humans can be precisely located and that the mechanism of pain referral may involve structures of the skin. Future studies to precisely locate other myofascial trigger points may aid in identifying mechanisms of trigger point activation as well as aid clinicians in more precisely locating trigger points for treatment.
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St, Aubin Helen. "Implementing a Virtual Reality Paradigm in Human Anatomy/Physiology College Curricula." NSUWorks, 2000. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/393.
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Modes of instruction in the college course called Human Anatomy/Physiology are changing. Due to ethical concerns and the ever-increasing source of new physiological data, there is a need for enhancements to assist the instructor and student. The computer science of virtual reality (VR) provides a method to electronically educate, train, prototype, and test and evaluate new enhancements to the college curricula. This study detailed the modeling and simulation of a skeletal human hand with degrees of freedom of movement, which provided the students with a physiological representation of some of the movements of the hand. The primary objectives of the study were to assess the use of the VR simulation by college students and to assess the potential learning outcomes of students in their use of the VR simulation. The simulation was implemented into classes of Human Anatomy/Physiology are as an adjunct enhancement for the students' use. The expectation centered on the constructivist theory that students develop an analytic outlook to the various articulations of the human skeleton. Positive results were shown based on the answers to the questionnaire, summary and post -test taken by the students, after their use of the VR simulation. The results supported the constructivist theory that critical thinking took place. The results showed that the virtual reality simulation enhanced the learning ability of the students. The recommendations of the study include future experimentation to be done on increasing the number of VR simulations, incorporating the VR simulations into undergraduate courses, testing the outcomes, and following the progression of students into graduate programs that are using VR simulations. Faculty and administration are advised to consider implementing the paradigm of VR simulations in undergraduate courses of Human Anatomy/Physiology are.
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Viessmann, Olivia. "Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebrovascular anatomy and physiology at 7 Tesla." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6439960f-0da1-44c0-a67d-489cc36cdd40.
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can study the cerebrovasculature non-invasively in humans. It can image the vascular anatomy, as well as functional attributes such as flow and perfusion. This multi-modal capability renders MRI one of the most favourable imaging techniques to study the cerebrovasculature in research and in clinical settings. The advent of human 7 Tesla (7T) MRI offers further benefits to existing methods. Most evidently, the higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be used to improve resolution. However concomitant changes in contrast mechanisms, an increase in the specific absorption rate (SAR) and transmit B1-field inhomogeneity need to be addressed when transitioning to higher field. Vessel wall imaging (VWI) is an exemplar application that benefits from higher resolution but is based on SAR intense methods. In the first part of this thesis the implementation of a VWI method, DANTE-SPACE, is described. The readout scheme was specifically optimised for high resolution wall depiction and enhanced suppression of cerebrospinal fluid to produce vessel wall contrast in the major intracranial arteries at 7T. Besides refining spatial scales, recent technical developments have accelerated information content in the temporal domain. In-slice acceleration and simultaneous excitation of multiple slices substantially reduced acquisition times for many applications. In particular, multiband techniques have pushed sampling speeds in functional MRI (fMRI) to sub-second regimes. Traditionally, fMRI is used to study low frequency neuro-vascular signals below 0.1Hz. Aliases of cardio-respiratory-induced signals have been regarded as "physiological noise". Sufficiently fast sampling resolves the spectrum beyond the cardiac frequency, thus transforming noise into valuable signal. In the second part of this thesis strategies to map and quantify signal fluctuations at the cardiac frequency are described using echo-planar imaging (EPI). Potential age-related difference in the cardiac EPI signal power were studied. Also, an investigation was made into the underlying MR-mechanisms that form these fluctuations by decomposing the EPI-signal over the cardiac cycle into S0 and T2* waveforms. Ultimately this research aims to foster the understanding of the vascular origins of cardiac-induced EPI signals. This will hopefully serve future research into how EPI data can be exploited to study cerebrovascular properties in healthy and diseased states.
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Lazic, Tamara. ""Anatomy, physiology and management of patients with diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformations"." [New Haven, Conn. : s.n.], 2008. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-12092008-103910/.
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Politis, Ioannis D. "Changes of plasmin and plasminogen activators in lactation and ovulation." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74285.
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The role of plasmin and plasminogen activators (PA) in bovine lactation and porcine ovulation has been examined. There is no difference in the activation pattern of plasminogen to plasmin throughout the whole range of somatic cell counts (SCC) and from third to ninth month in lactation. The ratio of (plasminogen + plasmin)/plasmin, which serves as an index of the activation process, was 7.27 during early (first and second month) and 4.23 during late lactation (tenth month) and both values are different (p $<$ 0.01) from all the other ratios throughout the whole range of SCC and from third to ninth month in lactation suggesting limited and increased activation of plasminogen to plasmin during early and late lactation, respectively. Macrophages produce but they do not secrete urokinase-PA, suggesting a minor role in influencing milk plasmin. Somatotropin administration resulted in a suppression of milk plasmin in vivo. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), the most likely mediator of the effects of somatotropin on the bovine mammary gland, inhibited the induction of tissue-PA (t-PA) production which is observed when mammary epithelial cells are cultured in the absence of IGF-1. Plasmin and t-PA increased while PA inhibitor-1 decreased in porcine granulosa, theca interna cells and follicular fluid just prior to the time of expected ovulation suggesting a role for plasmin in follicle rupture.
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Watson, Patricia A. "The biochemistry and physiology of the immature cereal pericarp." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27625.
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Pagani, Angelo. "The Effects of Raspberry Ketone Supplementation on Body Composition." Ohio Dominican University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oduhonors1430845300.
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Quinn, Melissa Marie. "Learning Styles of Undergraduate Students and Its Influence on the Preference of Lecture Delivery Method in a Large Enrollment Undergraduate Gross Anatomy Course." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1440146297.
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Formenti, Federico. "The role of hypoxia-inducible factor in systemic human physiology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:421232a5-1bab-4612-a6d4-30bdb35beb7a.
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This thesis summarizes a research programme on the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and its 2alpha subunit in systemic human physiology. Experiments were performed to assess the role of HIF in the regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism, cardiac anatomy, function and energy metabolism, and in cardiopulmonary physiology. Patients with different genetic mutations affecting the HIF pathway were recruited for each main study. Chapter 1 presents an overview of human physiological responses to hypoxia in a historical perspective, with particular attention to the areas of human physiology that are relevant for the studies presented in the experimental chapters. Chapter 1 also presents a summary of the HIF pathway and the novel findings presented in this thesis. Chapter 2 illustrates the methods used to perform the experiments. Chapter 3 investigates skeletal muscle metabolism, cardiac anatomy, function and energy metabolism in patients with Chuvash polycythaemia, who have mildly elevated levels of HIF, associated with a mutation in von Hippel-Lindau gene, at whole body level. Chapter 3 shows major abnormalities associated with HIF pathway alterations in skeletal muscle energy metabolism, especially in conditions of metabolic stress such as during exercise and digestion of a meal. Chapter 4 shows that patients with Chuvash polycythaemia also have small hearts and reduced cardiac energy levels. Chapter 5 explores cardiopulmonary abnormalities in patients with gain-of-function mutations specifically in HIF-2alpha subunit; these patients are polycythaemic like patients with Chuvash polycythaemia. Observed abnormalities include pulmonary hypertension, elevated heart rate, cardiac output, ventilation, and the increment in pulmonary blood pressure in response to moderate hypoxia. Chapter 6 presents results from experiments in patients with classic von Hippel- Lindau disease, who are not usually polycythaemic. However, some degree of haploinsufficiency was observed in their neutrophils, suggesting a pseudo-hypoxic phenotype. Chapter 6 shows that von Hippel-Lindau disease is not associated with major cardiopulmonary abnormalities. Overall, the research reported in this thesis presents original experimental evidence for the effects of alterations in the HIF pathway on human physiology.
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Levy, Jacqueline Anita. "Causal-comparative study analyzing student success in hybrid anatomy and physiology courses." Thesis, Northern Arizona University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3606821.
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In the biological sciences, higher student success levels are achieved in traditionally formatted, face-to-face coursework than in hybrid courses. The methodologies used to combine hybrid and in-person elements to the course need to be applied to the biological sciences to emulate the success seen in the traditional courses since the number of hybrid course offerings at community colleges are rapidly increasing.
Research has delineated that creating online collaborative communities and increasing student engagement all function to increase student successful outcomes. This causal-comparative study was conducted using student data from four sections of hybrid, introductory anatomy and physiology courses over the 2011 and 2012 calendar years. The study included two sources of data: unit exam scores and student surveys. Analysis of the unit exam scores determined that there were statistically significant differences in student success and achievement by the implementation of the following web-enhanced technologies: a) discussion boards, b) Breeze, and c) Wiki tools. In the scope of this study, student success and achievement was defined as a student earning a C (70%) or higher at the completion of the course.
There were a total of 29 surveys conducted per each unit during the 2012 semesters that related to the web-enhanced technologies implemented into the course: Discussion boards, Breeze®, and Wiki tools. Demographic data was also compiled on all of the students enrolled in the classes during this study to demonstrate that there is no specified niche or trend seen in the students enrolling for this particular course. Unit 1 was used as a baseline to compare the students from the two years. It was determined that the students were not significantly different in aptitude levels at the beginning of the courses based on their Unit 1 exam scores.
Inferential statistical analysis was done to examine student success and achievement using the following tools: t-test of independent means of the variables, mean, standard deviation, and magnitude of effect. The findings of this study indicate that the web-enhanced technology Wiki tools provided the largest increase in student success and achievement in the hybrid, introductory anatomy and physiology course. Descriptive analysis of the surveys revealed that more than a third of each class felt that the implemented web-enhanced technology functioned to increase collaboration amongst the students and helped to emulate a traditional, face-to-face formatted course.
The study included four recommendations for practice and nine recommendations for further research. A couple of recommendations for practice included using a single web-enhanced technology for the duration of the semester and having instructors and students complete tutorial sessions for the chosen technology being implemented. Examples of recommendations for research include replicating this study at other institutions and comparing face-to-face, traditional classes to hybrid courses within the same STEM discipline.
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Montplaisir, Lisa Marie. "Opportunities for learning in an introductory undergraduate human anatomy and physiology course." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280438.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the course conditions that support the development of meaningful student learning in an introductory undergraduate human anatomy and physiology course. The study was conducted during an 8-week summer-session at a small mid-western university. Classroom observations and taped recordings of class sessions were used to determine content episodes within the instructional unit, opportunities for learning created by the instructor, demonstrations of information processing by the students, and the ways in which the instructor used the Personal Response System (PRS). Student interviews were used to determine students' level of understanding of pre-test and post-test items. Student interviews and a questionnaire were used to determine students' perceptions of the PRS as a learning tool. Findings reveal that the instructor had different expectations of students when posing verbal questions in-class than he had when posing PRS questions. The use of verbal questions did not permit demonstrations of student understanding; however, the use of the PRS did result in demonstrations of student understanding. Questions posed via the use of the PRS were categorized according to cognitive level. The cognitive level of the questions increased with time over the instructional unit and within the content episodes. Students demonstrated deeper understanding of the topics after instruction than they did before instruction. Students reported more in-class thinking about the content, more discussion of the content with their neighbors, more regular class attendance, more opportunities for deeper learning, and a general preference for the PRS over traditional lectures. Findings of the study indicate that the instructional decisions about the use of questions influences the opportunities for students to process information and demonstrate their understanding of the content and that students valued these opportunities. A better understanding of the conditions that promote meaningful student learning may help us make decisions that result in improved student learning in our own classes.
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Baruffaldi, Joan Marie. "Adrenergic regulation of splenic functions in neonatal pigs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40980.
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The purpose of this study was to assess adrenergic control of splenic hemodynamic function and oxygen metabolism in neonatal pigs (NP). Seventeen piglets, 28-45 days of age, were anesthetized with pentobarbitol (30 mg/kg, i.p.) and prepared for measurement of splenic venous outflow. Simultaneous arterial and venous blood samples were analyzed for O2 content and hematocrlt (Hct). Splenic oxygen consumption and extraction were calculated. The effects of adrenergic stimulation on splenic leukocyte migration and proliferation were also assessed. Fluorescence histochemistry of the spleen from NP revealed noradrenergic innervation of the vasculature taken from the hilar portions of the spleen. Norepinephrine (NE) Infusion, (2,μg/kg/min) caused a significant decrease in splenic venous outflow (P< 0.01) with a concomitant significant increase in splenic resistance (P< 0.005). Splenic leukocyte migration and proliferation did not change significantly during NE infusion, but the splenic venous Hct was significantly increased (P< 0.001). Similar changes were observed with electrical stimulation of the splenic nerve. Pretreating the NP with beta-adrenoceptor blocker, propranolol (1 mg/kg), had no significant effect on these responses. In contrast, these responses were abolished with the addition of alpha-adrenoceptor blocker, phentolamine (1 mg/kg). Splenic O2 metabolism did not change significantly during nerve stimulation, but splenic venous Hct was significantly increased (P<0.05) These responses were not altered by the adrenhoceptore blockade.
lt is concluded that activation of the adrenergic system of the spleen causes a significant decrease in splenic venous outflow with a concomitant increase in splenic vascular resistance and this is largely mediated by the activation of the alpha-adrenoceptor system. Adrenergic stimulation of the spleen did not influence splenic oxygen metabolism in piglets. This may relate to the high red blood cell storage and O2 availability of the spleen and the low oxygen demand of the organ.Master of Science
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Haubert, Lisa Marie. "Surgical Clinical Correlates in Anatomy: Implementation of a First-Year Medical School Program." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253374287.
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Magee, Corin Wolfgang. "EFFICACY OF MASTERY-BASED AND AUTONOMY-SUPPORTIVE NEUROANATOMY CURRICULUM IN GRADUATE LEVEL HUMAN NEUROBIOLOGY COURSE." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1431086741.
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Everard, J. D. "The physiology of plants subjected to oxygen deficient rooting environments." Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355689.
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Kätzel, Dennis. "Optogenetic analysis of inhibitory circuits in the neocortex." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b6b39ccc-25e9-49d2-aa1d-ef7ff6abb486.
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Crook, Tracy. "The functional anatomy of equine hind limb muscles and their activation patterns during different locomotor tasks." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572457.
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Macnish, Andrew James. "Anatomy and physiology of floral organ abscission in geradton waxflower (chamelaucium uncinatum schauer) /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17956.pdf.
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Rich, David L. "Uveoscleral drainage of aqueous humor: anatomy, physiology, and measurement of alternate outflow route." Thesis, Boston University, 2000. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/38091.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
Bill (1965) and Bill and Helsing (1965) were among the first to report on the existence of a uveoscleral pathway for the d rainage of aqueous humor. Prior to their work, the conventional, or trabecular pathway, was thought to be the only method of drainage. This paper will analyze the anatomy in the order of production, movement, and drainage of the aqueous humor. Following that will be a discussion of aqueous humor physiology, including pharmacological effects of p rostaglandins. Finally, there will be an examination of measurement techniques.
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