Books on the topic 'Anatomical defects'
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1
D, Jacobstein Mark, ed. Magnetic resonance imaging of congenital heart disease: Anatomic, angiographic, and echocardiographic correlations. St. Louis: Mosby, 1988.
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2
Crum, Brian A., Eduardo E. Benarroch, and Robert D. Brown. Neurologic Disorders Categorized by Anatomical Involvement. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199755691.003.0523.
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Neurological disorders of the brain, spine, and peripheral nervous system are examined. Symptoms and signs related to disorders of the cerebral cortex may lead to alterations in cognition and consciousness. Unilateral neurologic symptoms involving a single neurologic symptom commonly localize to the cerebral cortex. Abnormalities of speech and language are localized to the dominant cerebral hemisphere, whereas abnormalities of the nondominant hemisphere may lead to visuospatial deficits, confusion, or neglect of the contralateral side of the body. The hypothalamus is important in many functions that affect everyday steady-state conditions, including temperature regulation, hunger, water regulation, sleep, endocrine functions, cardiovascular functions, and regulation of the autonomic nervous system. Cortical and subcortical abnormalities may also lead to visual system deficits, usually homonymous visual defects of the contralateral visual field. Sensory levels, signs of anterior horn cell involvement, and long-tract signs in the posterior columns or corticospinal tract suggest a spinal cord lesion.
3
Engels, Eric A., and Allan Hildesheim. Immunologic Factors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0025.
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The immune response is a highly complex system that has developed to protect individuals from morbidity and mortality induced by exogenous exposures, including infections. As summarized in this chapter, alterations in the immune response, whether due to immunosuppressive or immune stimulatory effects, have important consequences with respect to cancer risk. Individuals with inherited immunological defects, acquired immunological deficiencies, chronic unresolved infections, and autoimmune conditions are at considerably increased risk for multiple cancers, suggesting an important role for the immune response in the development of cancer at various anatomical sites. Studies that have directly evaluated immunogenetic and immunological factors and cancer risk are beginning to identify specific immunological risk factors associated with individual cancers. Furthermore, technological advances have made it increasingly feasible to evaluate specific immunological factors and their relationship to cancer risk, suggesting that additional insights are likely in the coming years.
4
Serfass, Evan R., and Justin D. Ramos. Ventricular Septal Defect. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0007.
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Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital cardiac lesion, and VSDs are found as isolated lesions in up to 20% of children with congenital heart disease. The natural history and pathophysiology of VSD varies by patient age, patient size, anatomic location, and size of the defect. Patients who have large lesions and significant left-to-right shunt resulting in heart failure symptoms, failure to thrive, pulmonary hypertension, or recurrent respiratory infections may be indicated for early surgical repair during infancy. This chapter presents a clinical scenario of a symptomatic infant undergoing primary surgical repair of a VSD to demonstrate principles of the anatomy, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and medical management of patients with VSDs. Anesthetic management is also discussed, considering the effects of left-to-right shunt, pulmonary hypertension, delayed sternal closure, and Eisenmenger’s syndrome.
5
Nguyen, Khoa, and Patrick Callahan. Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defects. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0014.
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The term congenital heart disease encompasses a vast array of lesions that present unique anesthetic challenges. Making up close to 10% of all congenital heart disease, atrial septal defects are some of the more commonly encountered congenital lesions. Atrial chambers in the heart are separated by a septum that forms during embryological development. When the septum does not develop normally, blood communicates between the right and left atria. This alteration in flow has significant effects on both cardiac and pulmonary anatomy and physiology. Cardiothoracic surgery used to be the only way to close defects that did not spontaneously close. Transcatheeter device closure of atrial septal defects in the cardiac catheterization lab has become increasingly common and offers significant advantages over open heart surgery. This chapter highlights the anatomic and physiologic considerations of the different types of atrial septal defects and discusses the details of transcatheter closure including indications, timing, and risks.
6
Demetriades, Demetrios, Leslie Kobayashi, and Lydia Lam. Cardiac complications in trauma. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0062.
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Post-traumatic cardiac complications may occur after penetrating or blunt injuries to the heart or may follow severe extracardiac injuries. The majority of victims with penetrating injuries to the heart die at the scene and do not reach hospital care. For those patients who reach hospital care, an immediate operation, sometimes in the emergency room, cardiac injury repair, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation provide the only possibility of survival. Many patients develop perioperative cardiac complications such as acute cardiac failure, cardiac arrhythmias, coronary air embolism, and myocardial infarction. Some survivors develop post-operative functional abnormalities or anatomical defects, which may not manifest during the early post-operative period. It is essential that all survivors undergo detailed early and late cardiac evaluations. Blunt cardiac trauma encompasses a wide spectrum of injuries that includes asymptomatic myocardial contusion, arrhythmias, or cardiogenic shock to full-thickness cardiac rupture and death. Clinical examination, electrocardiograms, troponin measurements, and echocardiography are the cornerstone of diagnosis and monitoring of these patients. Lastly, some serious extracardiac traumatic conditions, such as traumatic pneumonectomy and severe traumatic brain injury, may result in cardiac complications. This may include tachyarrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, electrocardiographic changes, troponin elevations, heart failure, and cardiac arrest.
7
Demetriades, Demetrios, Leslie Kobayashi, and Lydia Lam. Cardiac complications in trauma. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0062_update_001.
Full textAbstract:
Post-traumatic cardiac complications may occur after penetrating or blunt injuries to the heart or may follow severe extracardiac injuries. The majority of victims with penetrating injuries to the heart die at the scene and do not reach hospital care. For those patients who reach hospital care, an immediate operation, sometimes in the emergency room, cardiac injury repair, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation provide the only possibility of survival. Many patients develop perioperative cardiac complications such as acute cardiac failure, cardiac arrhythmias, coronary air embolism, and myocardial infarction. Some survivors develop post-operative functional abnormalities or anatomical defects, which may not manifest during the early post-operative period. It is essential that all survivors undergo detailed early and late cardiac evaluations. Blunt cardiac trauma encompasses a wide spectrum of injuries that includes asymptomatic myocardial contusion, arrhythmias, or cardiogenic shock to full-thickness cardiac rupture and death. Clinical examination, electrocardiograms, troponin measurements, and echocardiography are the cornerstone of diagnosis and monitoring of these patients. Lastly, some serious extracardiac traumatic conditions, such as traumatic pneumonectomy and severe traumatic brain injury, may result in cardiac complications. This may include tachyarrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, electrocardiographic changes, troponin elevations, heart failure, and cardiac arrest.
8
Lam, Lydia, Leslie Kobayashi, and Demetrios Demetriades. Cardiac complications in trauma. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0062_update_002.
Full textAbstract:
Post-traumatic cardiac complications may occur after penetrating or blunt injuries to the heart or may follow severe extracardiac injuries. The majority of victims with penetrating injuries to the heart die at the scene and do not reach hospital care. For those patients who reach hospital care, an immediate operation, sometimes in the emergency room, cardiac injury repair, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation provide the only possibility of survival. Many patients develop perioperative cardiac complications such as acute cardiac failure, cardiac arrhythmias, coronary air embolism, and myocardial infarction. Some survivors develop post-operative functional abnormalities or anatomical defects, which may not manifest during the early post-operative period. It is essential that all survivors undergo detailed early and late cardiac evaluations. Blunt cardiac trauma encompasses a wide spectrum of injuries that includes asymptomatic myocardial contusion, arrhythmias, or cardiogenic shock to full-thickness cardiac rupture and death. Clinical examination, electrocardiograms, troponin measurements, and echocardiography are the cornerstone of diagnosis and monitoring of these patients. Lastly, some serious extracardiac traumatic conditions, such as traumatic pneumonectomy and severe traumatic brain injury, may result in cardiac complications. This may include tachyarrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, electrocardiographic changes, troponin elevations, heart failure, and cardiac arrest.
9
Lam, Lydia, Leslie Kobayashi, and Demetrios Demetriades. Cardiac complications in trauma. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0062_update_003.
Full textAbstract:
Post-traumatic cardiac complications may occur after penetrating or blunt injuries to the heart or may follow severe extracardiac injuries. The majority of victims with penetrating injuries to the heart die at the scene and do not reach hospital care. For those patients who reach hospital care, an immediate operation, sometimes in the emergency room, cardiac injury repair, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation provide the only possibility of survival. Many patients develop perioperative cardiac complications such as acute cardiac failure, cardiac arrhythmias, coronary air embolism, and myocardial infarction. Some survivors develop post-operative functional abnormalities or anatomical defects, which may not manifest during the early post-operative period. It is essential that all survivors undergo detailed early and late cardiac evaluations. Blunt cardiac trauma encompasses a wide spectrum of injuries that includes asymptomatic myocardial contusion, arrhythmias, or cardiogenic shock to full-thickness cardiac rupture and death. Clinical examination, electrocardiograms, troponin measurements, and echocardiography are the cornerstone of diagnosis and monitoring of these patients. Lastly, some serious extracardiac traumatic conditions, such as traumatic pneumonectomy and severe traumatic brain injury, may result in cardiac complications. This may include tachyarrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, electrocardiographic changes, troponin elevations, heart failure, and cardiac arrest.
10
Hayashi, Daichi, Ali Guermazi, and Frank W. Roemer. Radiography and computed tomography imaging of osteoarthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0016.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disorder in the elderly worldwide and there is still no effective treatment, other than joint arthroplasty for end-stage OA, despite ongoing research efforts. Imaging is essential for assessing structural joint damage and disease progression. Radiography is the most widely used first-line imaging modality for structural OA evaluation. Its inherent limitations should be noted including lack of ability to directly visualize most OA-related pathological features in and around the joint, lack of sensitivity to longitudinal change and missing specificity of joint space narrowing, and technical difficulties regarding reproducibility of positioning of the joints in longitudinal studies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely applied in epidemiological studies and clinical trials. Computed tomography (CT) is an important additional tool that offers insight into high-resolution bony anatomical details and allows three-dimensional post-processing of imaging data, which is of particular importance for orthopaedic surgery planning. However, its major disadvantage is limitations in the assessment of soft tissue structures compared to MRI. CT arthrography can be useful in evaluation of focal cartilage defects or meniscal tears; however, its applicability may be limited due to its invasive nature. This chapter describes the roles and limitations of both conventional radiography and CT, including CT arthrography, in clinical practice and OA research. The emphasis is on OA of the knee, but other joints are also mentioned where appropriate.
11
La Madera y Su Anatomia: Anomalias y Defectos, Estructura Microscopica de Coniferas y Frondosas, Identificacion de Maderas, Descripcion de Espe. Not Avail, 2003.
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12
Valdes-Cruz, Lilliam M., and Raul O. Cayre. Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease: An Embryologic and Anatomic Approach. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
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13
M, Valdes-Cruz Lilliam, and Cayre Raul O, eds. Echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital heart disease: An embryologic and anatomic approach. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1999.
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14
Luis, García Esteban, ed. La madera y su anatomía: Anomalías y defectos, estructura microscópica de coníferas y frondosas, identificación de maderas, descripción de especies y pared celular. Madrid: Fundación Conde del Valle de Salazar, 2003.
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15
Page, Robert E. The Art of the Bee. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197504147.001.0001.
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The impact of bees on the world is immeasurable. Bees are responsible for the evolution of the vast array of brightly colored flowers and for engineering the niches of multitudes of plants, animals, and microbes. They’ve painted landscapes with flowers through their pollination activities and have evolved the most complex societies to aid their exploitation of the environment. The biology of the honey bee is one that reflects their role in transforming environments with their anatomical adaptations and a complex language that together function to exploit floral resources. A complex social system that includes a division of labor builds, defends, and provisions nests containing tens of thousands of individuals, only one of whom reproduces. Traditional biology texts present stratified layers of knowledge where the reader excavates levels of biological organization, each building on the last. This book presents fundamental biology not in layers but wrapped around interesting themes and concepts and in ways designed to explore and understand each concept. It examines the coevolution of bees and flowering plants, bees as engineers of the environment, the evolution of sociality, the honey bee as a superorganism and how it evolves, and the mating behavior of the queen.
16
Puccini, Beatriz Cicala. Consciência política e humanização do parto a luta pelo direito à formação de obstetrizes na Universidade de São Paulo. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-345-9.
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In today's globalized world, violence is structural and connected to the still unmet demands of society. Brazil has one of the highest violence rates, aided by the chronic socio-economic inequality which our political model insists on reproducing and deepening. Violence against women has pride of place in this picture. In the Europe of XVIII century, women's vocation for motherhood was praised, aligned with philosophical values and discourses of the time, giving rise to unconditional love as a true myth founder of the ideology in the bourgeois economy of early capitalism. The idea of a paradigmatic body is anchored in a dualism that is both physiological and anatomic and in which ethical, moral, psychological and socio-cultural aspects will unveil. The transition from home childbirth to hospital childbirth initiates the phase of maternity and childhood protective public policies. A consequence, however, was shutting out feminine participation, preventing its main role in childbirth and resulting in us boasting one of the highest indexes of unnecessary C-sections in the world. The modern woman has gained a lot in autonomy. She has freed herself from moral, social and legal ties, nevertheless she is and always will be the owner of the biological body that is capable of generating a new life and guarantee the preservation of human species. The humanization of birth and the health of mother and child is pressing in the country, along with international reference organizations in this area, as the author of the present work defends and proves.