Academic literature on the topic 'Anatomical defects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Anatomical defects"
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Song, Seung Han, Hyeokdong Kwon, Sunje Kim, Joo Hak Kim, Hyun Woo Kyung, Sang-Ha Oh, Ho Jik Yang, and Yooseok Ha. "Propeller Dorsal Intercostal Artery Perforator Flap for an Extensive Defect on the Back Following Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Resection: A Case Report." Archives of Hand and Microsurgery 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12790/ahm.20.0068.
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Posterior trunk defects have been a challenging anatomical area to cover in reconstructive surgery. The use of local myocutaneous flaps has been described extensively in the literature to cover these defects, but these techniques are associated with significant donor-site morbidity, including functional loss of muscle units. Freestyle perforator flaps enable local tissue recruitment with skin of a similar color and texture in diverse anatomic areas, but there is a shortage of case series on posterior trunk defects using propeller dorsal intercostal artery perforator (DICAP) flaps, particularly when the defects are extensive. In this report, the authors present a successful case of a DICAP propeller flap for an extensive defect on the upper back following a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor resection.
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Kamali, Y., No author No author, Z. Khaksar, A. Sharaki, and B. Kajbafi. "A detailed systematic anatomical study of monocephalic conjoined symmetric twin lambs." Open Veterinary Journal 5, no. 2 (2014): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2014.v4.i2.p124.
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A case of conjoined twins with monocephalus, thoracopagus, partial abdominopagus, tetrabrachius and tetrascelus in lambs complicated with several defects of skeletal, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and urogenital systems is reported. The twins were dead and delivered by cesarean section. This case report highlights the detailed anatomical study of defects in different systems due to an abnormal birth defect.
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Rao, Kavitha S., Vasumathi Kameswaran, and Benoit G. Bruneau. "Modeling congenital heart disease: lessons from mice, hPSC-based models, and organoids." Genes & Development 36, no. 11-12 (June 1, 2022): 652–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.349678.122.
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Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are among the most common birth defects, but their etiology has long been mysterious. In recent decades, the development of a variety of experimental models has led to a greater understanding of the molecular basis of CHDs. In this review, we contrast mouse models of CHD, which maintain the anatomical arrangement of the heart, and human cellular models of CHD, which are more likely to capture human-specific biology but lack anatomical structure. We also discuss the recent development of cardiac organoids, which are a promising step toward more anatomically informative human models of CHD.
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Ladutko, D. Yu, V. N. Podhaisky, Yu N. Ladutko, A. V. Pekar, O. P. Kezlya, А. V. Selitsky, and A. V. Gubicheva. "Algorithm of surgical treatment of large bone defects of long tubular bones by vascularized bone grafting." Issues of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery 24, no. 3-4 (January 20, 2022): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52581/1814-1471/78/06.
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The purpose of this study was to develop a clinical classification of large defects of long tubular bones of the extremities and protocols for surgical treatment by vascularized bone grafting.Material and methods. The results of treatment of 51 patients with large defects of the long tubular bones of the upper and lower extremities were analyzed. In 25 cases, along with bone defects, there were significant defects of the soft tissues of the limb with trophic and scar changes. In order to replace the bone defect vascularized grafts were used: bone-muscular fibular, bone-cutaneous fibular, bone-cutaneous iliac, bone-cutaneous radial, bone-cutaneous tibial, and combined bone-cutaneous fibular with an allograft from the tibia. The results of treatment of patients were evaluated according to the clinical criteria of R. Johner, O. Wruhs (1983), proposed for the lower limb. The DASH questionnaire was use to evaluate the results of treatment for upper limb defects.The results and discussion. The classification is based on 4 variable criteria: the size, anatomical localization of the bone defect, the size of the soft tissue defect and the shortening of the damaged limb segment. The size and anatomical location of the defect in the long tubular bone is important in choosing a bone flap. Based on the anatomical localization of the bone defect, soft tissue damage and limb shortening, the patients were classified into 4 types. The first 3 types were divided into 2 subtypes, depending on the size of bone damage and soft tissues defect of the limb. Based on the proposed classification, we have developed protocols for microsurgical reconstruction of large bone defects of the extremities for each subtype of bone defect.Conclusion. The application of the developed clinical classification of large bone defects of long tubular bones and protocols for their surgical treatment by vascularized bone grafting made it possible to restore limb function in 96% of cases.
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Tabery, Stefania, and Otto Daniëls. "How classical are the clinical features of the “ostium secundum” atrial septal defect?" Cardiology in the Young 7, no. 3 (July 1997): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951100004182.
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AbstractSome patients with so called “secundum” atrial septal defect within the oval fossa show a large defect on the echocardiogram, although they do not have all the classical clinical features. Until now, a large atrial septal defect was thought to be characterized by a large shunt (functional defect). Experience indicates, nonetheless, that such large defects in size (anatomical defect) are not always accompanied by large shunts. In order to assess how often the classical clinical features of an atrial septal defect exist, and to investigate whether the surgical indication for closure of the defect are anatomical or functional, we carried out a retrospective study. We evaluated the records of 161 patients, with birth dates from 1973 to 1994 (age between 0 and 21 years), so as to study the classical clinical features (history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, echo-Doppler studies, cardiac catheterization, surgery). Only patients with an atrial septal defect found in isolation were included.We discovered that the classical clinical features are often not present when there is a large defect, be it functional or anatomical. The anticipated features are present in roughly two-thirds of the patients. There is also a discrepancy between the anatomical and the functional sizes of the defect. This finding creates a fundamental problem for the future, namely the indications fot closure of atrial septal defects within the oval fossa. Further studies are needed to answer this important question
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Jenasamant, Saumya Sekhar, Manish V. Jawarkar, Swarnika Srivastava, Ajit Kumar Padhy, and Muhammad Abid Geelani. "Surgical challenge in situs inversus with dextrocardia and Lutembacher syndrome." Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals 26, no. 9 (March 6, 2017): 690–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0218492317697449.
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Situs inversus with dextrocardia and Lutembacher syndrome is a rare cardiac anomaly. It is associated with other complex cardiac anomalies and anatomical defects. A 30-year-old woman with this condition underwent mitral valve replacement and closure of a secundum atrial septal defect. We describe the surgical approach, position of the surgeon, and bicaval cannulation technique for this anatomical aberration.
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Iorio, Caitlin Boling, J. Jared Christophel, and Stephen S. Park. "Nasal Reconstruction: Defects that Cross Anatomical Subunits." Facial Plastic Surgery 36, no. 01 (February 2020): 091–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1701519.
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AbstractThe nose plays a crucial role in the human experience, both aesthetically and functionally. The biomechanics of covering flaps, the importance of a firm framework, and the anatomical basis for aesthetic subunits are imperative concepts as one proceeds through the algorithm of reparative options. The subunits consist of three paired units—the ala, soft tissue facets (also known as soft tissue triangles), and sidewall, as well as three unpaired units—the dorsum, tip, and columella. Because many defects cross aesthetic subunits, it is critical to understand when to adapt the subunit principle and how or when to use a combination of techniques. It can be more challenging to apply the subunit principle to small grafts and local flaps of the nose. Convex subunits, such as the nasal tip and alar lobule, more frequently follow the subunit principle. In our practice, we adhere to a teaching of producing “straight lines and sharp corners.” This applies to local flaps and grafts and focuses on keeping scar lines inconspicuous. In this article, we discuss approaches we follow for various defects along with technical pearls for performing these reconstructions. The subunit principle is more of a practice of thinking of resultant scars within a background of existing lines, reflections, and contour inflections.
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Sun, Yu, Heike Helmholz, and Regine Willumeit-Römer. "Surgical Classification for Preclinical Rat Femoral Bone Defect Model: Standardization Based on Systematic Review, Anatomical Analysis and Virtual Surgery." Bioengineering 9, no. 9 (September 15, 2022): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9090476.
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Though surgical techniques profoundly influence in vivo experiments, significant heterogeneity exists in current surgeries for inducing rat femoral bone defects. Such variations reduce the reproducibility and comparability of preclinical studies, and are detrimental to clinical translation. The purposes of this study were: (1) to conduct a systematic review of rat femoral defect models, summarizing and analyzing the surgical techniques; (2) to analyze surgical design and potential pitfalls via 3D anatomy and virtual surgeries for fostering future precision research; and (3) to establish a surgical classification system, for improving the reproducibility and comparability among studies, avoiding unnecessary repetitive experiments. The online database PubMed was searched to identify studies from January 2000 to June 2022 using keywords, including rat, femur, bone defect. Eligible publications were included for a review of surgical methods. Anatomical analysis and virtual surgeries were conducted based on micro-CT reconstruction of the rat femur for further investigation and establishment of a classification system. A total of 545 publications were included, revealing marked heterogeneity in surgical methods. Four major surgical designs were reported for inducing defects from the proximal to distal femur: bone tunnel, cortical window, segmental defect, and wedge-shaped defect. Anatomical analysis revealed potential pitfalls hindering efficient clinical translation. A classification system was established according to the anatomical region, surgical design, and fixation devices. This systematic review in combination with 3D analysis and virtual surgery provides a general overview of current surgical approaches to inducing femoral defects in rats, and establishes a surgical classification facilitating preclinical research of quality and translational value.
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Schmitz, HC, CC Egidy, H. Al-Khateeb, G. Cárdenas, T. Gehrke, and D. Kendoff. "Importance of Preoperative Imaging in Acetabular Revision Surgery - A Case Report." Open Orthopaedics Journal 6, no. 1 (May 30, 2012): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001206010215.
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Acetabular defects, particularly as a result of protrusion of acetabular components into the hemipelvis, may cause serious complications during revision procedures as a result of iatrogenic injury to surrounding anatomical structures. In these challenging cases, we advocate the utilisation of preoperative three dimensional imaging. MRI and CT- imaging offer superior understanding of the three-dimensional quality of bony defects and the relationship of implants to important anatomical structures. Appropriate preoperative planning may also prevent major complications during the removal of the pre-existing hardware, prior to re-implantation of implants. Potential complications include injury of nerves, blood vessels and other intrapelvic structures.In our case, a major bony defect of the acetabulum was a result of the protrusion of an implanted reinforcement ring. A preoperative, contrast-enhanced CT scan showed that the urethra was in close proximity to the hook of the reinforcement ring.The preoperative imaging aided in identifying and understanding the potential complications that could occur intraoperatively. Additionally, it delineated the intact anatomic structures prior to surgery, which could have medico-legal implications.The importance of preoperative imaging and the existing literature is discussed within this case description.
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Almusharraf, Abdullah, and Andrew Whyte. "Task-based defect management: anatomical classification." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 6, no. 3 (July 4, 2016): 345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-02-2015-0006.
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Purpose – Studies on the construction defects and quality deviations have been commissioned and published in many countries, showing the global status of the issues related with construction defects. Therefore, the quality of the adapted practices in construction projects can be improved if the pattern of the sub-task, specifically the quality deviations and construction defects from the requirements and specifications is identified and understood. The purpose of this paper is to improve understanding of the behavior and pattern of the more sensitivity sub-task requirements (STRs) through the anatomy process of a particular task. Design/methodology/approach – Six criteria have been classified for the levels of the estimated STRs quality deviations. The proposed study classifications were examined through the 3,030 cases of 17 STRs from compression concrete members (i.e. column). Findings – Most of the STRs were found to be prone to deviations and the sensitivities of the STRs toward deviations and defects are varied across all STRs. The study reveals that three of the 17 STRs were observed as perfect works, ten STRs as acceptable works and four STRs as defective works. Originality/value – The study found that the sub-task deviation patterns cannot be generalized and must be individually studied to recommend the appropriate proactive measures.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Anatomical defects"
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Morosato, Federico. "Development of in vitro methods to test acetabular prosthetic reconstructions (messa a punto di metodi in vitro per la caratterizzazione biomeccanica di ricostruzioni acetabolari)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10154/.
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The revision hip arthroplasty is a surgical procedure, consisting in the reconstruction of the hip joint through the replacement of the damaged hip prosthesis. Several factors may give raise to the failure of the artificial device: aseptic loosening, infection and dislocation represent the principal causes of failure worldwide. The main effect is the raise of bone defects in the region closest to the prosthesis that weaken the bone structure for the biological fixation of the new artificial hip. For this reason bone reconstruction is necessary before the surgical revision operation.
This work is born by the necessity to test the effects of bone reconstruction due to particular bone defects in the acetabulum, after the hip prosthesis revision.
In order to perform biomechanical in vitro tests on hip prosthesis implanted in human pelvis or hemipelvis a practical definition of a reference frame for these kind of bone specimens is required. The aim of the current study is to create a repeatable protocol to align hemipelvic samples in the testing machine, that relies on a reference system based on anatomical landmarks on the human pelvis.
In chapter 1 a general overview of the human pelvic bone is presented: anatomy, bone structure, loads and the principal devices for hip joint replacement. The purpose of chapters 2 is to identify the most common causes of the revision hip arthroplasty, analysing data from the most reliable orthopaedic registries in the world. Chapter 3 presents an overview of the most used classifications for acetabular bone defects and fractures and the most common techniques for acetabular and bone reconstruction. After a critical review of the scientific literature about reference frames for human pelvis, in chapter 4, the definition of a new reference frame is proposed. Based on this reference frame, the alignment protocol for the human hemipelvis is presented as well as the statistical analysis that confirm the good repeatability of the method.
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Silva, Marla Patrícia Garcia de Lima da. "Uma porta para o passado...estudo paleoantropológico de uma amostra de Não-Adultos dos vestígios Antropológicos exumados do Largo do Convento do Carmo (Lisboa) (séc. XVI – XVIII)." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12697.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em AntropologiaO objectivo desta dissertação prende-se com a descrição e estudo da amostra de 50 esqueletos não-adultos dos vestígios antropológicos exumados do Largo do Convento do Carmo, em Lisboa, que datam do período entre o século XVI a meados do século XVIII. O que implicou a quantificação de número de peças ósseas por indivíduo através do registo do Índice de Conservação Anatómica (ICA) e do estado geral da amostra (ICAG). O valor calculado de 27,77% apresentou-se bastante baixo. Foi realizado o estudo dos parâmetros paleodemográficos, na estimativa da idade à morte estimou-se a idade à morte em 40 dos indivíduos da amostra e, na determinação sexual aplicou-se o método a 14 indivíduos. Na observação morfológica (não-métrica) foram observados os caracteres discretos cranianos e pós-cranianos mas sem grande expressão. Nos indicadores de stresse ou condicionamentos de crescimento observou-se a criba orbitalia, a hiperostose porótica mas, foi nas hipoplasias lineares do esmalte dentário que se verificou uma prevalência maior de 36%. Por fim, na patologia oral observaram-se as cáries, o desgaste dentário e o tártaro. A prevalência de cáries foi de 6,73% e de 681 dentes observados tinham cáries cavitadas 11 dentes.
The purpose of this dissertation was to make a description and study of a sample of 50 non-adult skeletons excavated from the Largo do Convento do Carmo, in Lisbon (16th to mid 18th century). It implied the quantification of bone pieces per individual in order to attain the anatomical conservational index, which was quite low 27,77%. It was also carried out a study of paleodemographic parameters, such as age at death which was obtained in 40 individuals, in the determination of sex the method could only be used on 14 individuals. On the non-metrical morphological approach was registered the epigenetic traits of the skull and of the axial skeleton but they did not show much expression. Regarding non-specific stress indicators, criba orbitalia and porotic hiperostoses was registered, but it was the linear enamel dental defects that with 36% prevalence stood out. Last but not least, on oral paleopathology was registered dental wear and dental calculus, but the prevalence went to 6,73% on carious lesions. Dental wear and dental calculus prevalence was very low and non-expressive.
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Mostefa, Kara Meriem. "Communication interventriculaire : de l'anatomie sur spécimens à la numérisation tridimensionnelle Anatomy of the ventricular septal defect in outflow tract defects: similarities and differences Channels between the ventricles: geometry and geography are both important “A new anatomic approach of the ventricular septal defect in the Interruption of the aortic arch Anatomy of the ventricular septal defect in congenital heart defects: a random association?" Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB170.
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Partie1 : la communication interventriculaire (CIV) est la cardiopathie congénitale la plus courante et fait partie intégrante de la plupart des malformations cardiaques congénitales complexes. Dans ce travail, nous avons essayé de déterminer la distribution des types anatomiques de CIV dans diverses cardiopathies congénitales (CC). Nous avons étudié 1178 spécimens atteints de cardiopathie congénitale provenant de la collection anatomique du Centre français de référence pour malformations cardiaques congénitales complexes. Au cours de l'étude morphologique, une attention particulière a été portée à l'anatomie de la CIV vue du côté ventriculaire droit. Notre premier résultat sur les cardiopathies de la voie d'éjection était que toutes ces CC partagent le même type anatomique de CIV. Les différences anatomiques entre ces cardiopathies de la voie d'éjection est la continuité fibreuse entre la valve aortique et tricuspide et l'orientation du septum en conal. Cette différence suggère un continuum anatomique allant de l'interruption de l'arche aortique (IAA) jusqu'au tronc artériel commun, plutôt que des phénotypes physiologiques distincts. Cela pourrait s'expliquer embryologiquement par un défaut de rotation de la voie d'éjection pendant le wedging. Dans le sous-groupe des IAA, la CIV dans l'IAA de type B est toujours une CIV de la voie d'éjection. Dans l'IAA de type A, la CIV peut être de tout type. Ce résultat renforce l'hypothèse de différents mécanismes pathogènes responsables des 2 types d'IAA et l'inclusion d'IAA de type B dans le groupe des cardiopathies de la crête neurale. Nous avons examiné la distribution anatomique de la CIV dans les CC et avons constaté que la distribution des types anatomiques des CIV est similaire dans les CIV isolées, la coarctation aortique et la transposition des gros vaisseaux (TGV), tandis que la CIV est principalement une CIV de la voie d'éjection dans les cardiopathies de la voie d'éjection, à l'exception de la TGV. Cela renforce les mécanismes prétendument différents de l'AGT et des défauts dits de la crête neurale cardiaque. Cette approche anatomique pourrait fournir de nouvelles informations sur le groupement et l'étiologie des cardiopathies congénitales. Partie 2 : l'un des facteurs clés de succès du traitement chirurgical des malformations cardiaques congénitales complexes reste une compréhension détaillée et approfondie de l'anatomie intracardiaque. Actuellement, les spécimens cardiaques sont les meilleurs outils pédagogiques disponibles pour étudier les relations spatiales des différentes composantes du cœur dans les malformations cardiaques congénitales complexes, telles que le ventricule droit à double issue (VDDI). Cependant, l'accès aux collections anatomiques n'est possible que dans quelques centres dans le monde et les spécimens peuvent être endommagés avec le temps. Nous avons décidé d'étudier l'anatomie intracardiaque dans le VDDI en utilisant l'imagerie 3D de spécimens cardiaques. L'objectif secondaire est de créer une base de données à des fins pédagogiques. Nous avons effectué des scanners à haute résolution sur des échantillons cardiaques présentant divers types anatomiques de cardiopathies complexes avec CIV. Les spécimens ont été fixés dans du formol à 10%. Toutes les images 3D ont été produites avec une plate-forme de reconstruction 3D. La vue 3D par les ventricules droit et gauche montrait les détails anatomiques de manière très nette pour tous les cœurs. Nous avons décrit le CIV, sa localisation, ses limites et sa surface. Nous avons également décrit la relation entre la CIV et les gros vaisseaux, ainsi que la longueur et l'orientation du septum conal. La capacité de naviguer dans les cavités et les vaisseaux cardiaques était très utile pour comprendre l'anatomie spécifique des malformationsPart1: The ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart disease and is an integral part of most complex congenital heart defects (CHD). In this work we tried to determine the distribution of the anatomic types of VSD in various CHD. We studied for this research 1178 heart specimens with CHD from the anatomic collection of the French Reference Center for Complex Congenital Heart Defects. During the morphologic study, special attention was paid to the anatomy of the VSD viewed from the right ventricular side. Our first result on outflow tract defects (OTD) was that all these defects share the same VSD, outlet in type. The anatomic differences between OTD regarding aortic-tricuspid continuity and the anatomy of the outlet septum suggest an anatomic continuum from interruption of the aortic arch (IAA) and VSD to common arterial trunk (CAT), rather than distinct physiological phenotypes. This could be explained embryologically by a defective rotation of the outflow tract. In the subgroup of IAA, the VSD in IAA type B is always an outlet VSD, in IAA type A the VSD can be of any type. This result reinforces the hypothesis of different pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the 2 types of IAA, and the inclusion of IAA type B in the group of cardiac neural crest defects. Conversely, IAA type A could be due to overlapping mechanisms: flow-related defect (coarctation-like) and neural crest contribution. We looked at the anatomic distribution of VSD in CHDs and we found that the VSD is similar in isolated VSD, aortic coarctation and transposition of the great arteries (TGA), while the VSD is predominantly outlet in outflow tract defects except TGA. This reinforces the allegedly different mechanisms in TGA and so-called cardiac neural crest defects. This anatomic approach could provide new insights in the grouping and etiology of CHD. Part2: One of the key success factors of the surgical treatment of complex congenital heart defects remains a detailed and in-depth understanding of the intracardiac anatomy. Currently, heart specimens are the best available teaching tools for studying the spatial relationships of the various components of the heart in complex congenital heart defects, like double outlet right ventricle (DORV). However, the access to anatomic collections is possible in only a few centres worldwide, and heart specimens may become damaged with time. We decided to study the intracardiac anatomy in DORV by using 3D imaging of heart specimens. The secondary objective is to build a database for teaching purposes. We performed CT scans with high resolution in heart specimens with various anatomic types of complex CHD with VSD. Heart specimens were fixed in 10% formalin. Openings were carefully stitched together before putting the heart in the CT scan. All 3D images were produced with a 3D reconstruction platform. The 3D view from the right and left ventricles showed the anatomic details very neatly for all hearts. We described the VSD, its localization, borders and surface. We described also the relationship of the VSD with the aorta and the pulmonary trunk and the length and orientation of the outlet septum. The ability to navigate through the heart cavities and vessels was very useful to understand the specific anatomy of the malformations. This study underlines the role of 3D scan reconstruction as an imaging modality to increase our understanding of the anatomy of complex congenital hearts defects like DORV. This could constitute an innovative pedagogic approach, and a way to preserve the anatomic collections in the future
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Harb, Leandro José Corrêa. "AVALIAÇÃO IN VITRO DO CANAL CAVO-INTERRADICULAR EM MOLARES INFERIOR." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6054.
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Every endodontic treatment may lead to failures due to internal anatomical changes. Among these faults is the which links pulp chamber floor with the periodontium in the furcation area. So the purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of this canal in 360 human permanent mandibular molars which were kept dehydrated, using four evaluation methods: radiography, naked eye (NE), dental microscope (DM) and clearing technique. The used methods (radiography and clearing) were compared to verify the presence of the furcation canal, and observed the presence of foramina through the methods (NE and DM) by the pulp chamber floor and by the furcation; as well they were compared to the results between the complete rhizogenesis groups and the incomplete ones. Three hundred and sixty mandibular molars were used that belong to the collection of the Dental Anatomy Course of the Morphology Department of UFSM, all of them with an intact pulp chamber floor and stored in dry containers. They were rehydrated, sectioned to 1,5 mm apically to the furcation and up to 0.5 mm of pulp chamber floor. After that, they were immersed in 1% sodium hypochlorite (24 hours), rinsed under running water and immersed again in 1% sodium hypochlorite in ultrasonic (10 minutes) followed by another rinsed under running water and dried at room temperature. Then they were stored individually in glass containers, numbered and capped. All evaluations were made by the one observer, being the radiography evaluation with for four samples radiographed on each piece of film with a magnifying glass (4x); the NE and DM (30x) with directional lighting in the sample; and clearing technique each sample in its container with liquid on a X-ray box and with the aid of DM (30x). Through the radiography analysis the furcation canal wasn't clear, but as a slightly radiolucent area in the furcation region in 9,04% of the samples, suspecting its presence in 2,33% and it was not found in 88,63%; through the clearing technique the canal was not found in 100%;to the NE were evident foramina in 20,9% of the furcation and 1,9% in the pulp chamber floor; through DM, 62,1% in the furcation and 5% in the pulp chamber floor. The RC group presented foramina in 61,1% in the furcation and 5,8% in the pulp chamber floor; the RI group with 64,7% in the furcation and 3% in the pulp chamber floor. Given the developed conditions in this work it's possible to conclude that radiographic evaluation really does not work as an effective means of diagnosis, but as an aid exam, important to schedule medical procedures. Observing the assessments by the NE and DM, the foramina number is much higher in the furcation than in the pulp chamber floor and can be sites of deposition of dental plaque, making cleaning more difficult in the area when exposed in the oral cavity, and there was no foramina incomplete rhizogenesis group, the use of dental microscope is an excellent tool for the visualization of dental anatomical details; the clearing technique is an excellent evaluation method, since we have the full three-dimensional visualization of internal dental anatomy, and there is a need of studying more about the use of stored dehydrated teeth in some of the methods of research.Todo tratamento endodôntico pode levar a insucessos devido às alterações anatômicas internas. Dentre estas está o canal cavo-interradicular, que comunica o assoalho da câmara pulpar com o periodonto na região da furca. Assim foi propósito deste trabalho avaliar a presença deste canal em 360 molares inferiores permanentes humanos que se encontravam armazenados desidratados, utilizando quatro métodos de avaliação: radiografias, a olho nu (ON), pelo microscópio odontológico (MO) e diafanização. Foram comparados os métodos (radiográfico e diafanização) utilizados para verificar a presença do canal cavo-interradicular; e observada a presença de foraminas através dos métodos (ON e MO) pelo assoalho da câmara pulpar e furca; bem como comparados os resultados entre os grupos de rizogênese completa (RC) e incompleta (RI). Foram utilizados 360 molares inferiores pertencentes ao acervo da Disciplina de Anatomia e Escultura Dental da UFSM, todos com assoalho da câmara pulpar intacto e armazenado em recipientes secos. Os mesmos foram rehidratados, seccionados, até 1,5 mm apicalmente à furca e até 0,5 mm do assoalho pulpar. Após, foram imersos em hipoclorito de sódio 1% (24h), lavados em água corrente e nova imersão em hipoclorito de sódio 1% em ultrassom (10 min.), seguida de nova lavagem em água corrente e secos à temperatura ambiente. Depois, foram armazenados individualmente em recipientes de vidro, numerados e tampados. Todas as avaliações foram feitas pelo mesmo operador, sendo a radiográfica com quatro amostras por película com uma lupa (4x); a ON e MO (30x) com iluminação artificial direcional na amostra; e pela diafanização cada amostra em seu recipiente com líquido, sobre um negatoscópio e com auxílio do MO (30x). Pela análise radiográfica o canal cavo-interradicular não se mostrou evidente, mas como uma zona levemente radiolúcida na região da furca em 9,04% das amostras; com suspeita da sua presença em 2,33% e não foi encontrado em 88,63%; pela diafanização, o canal não foi encontrado em 100%; a ON foram evidentes foraminas em 20,9% na furca e 1,9% no assoalho pulpar; pelo MO, 62,1% na furca e 5% no assoalho pulpar. O grupo RC apresentou foraminas em 61,1% na furca e 5,8% no assoalho pulpar; o grupo RI com 64,7% na furca e 3% no assoalho pulpar. Diante das condições desenvolvidas neste trabalho pode-se concluir que o exame radiográfico realmente não serve como um meio de diagnóstico efetivo, mas sim como um exame auxiliar, importante para programar procedimentos clínicos; pelas avaliações a ON e MO, o número de foraminas é bem maior na furca que no assoalho pulpar, podendo ser sítios de deposição de placa bacteriana, dificultando a limpeza da região quando exposta na cavidade bucal, e não houve maior número de foraminas no grupo rizogênese incompleta; o uso do microscópio odontológico é uma ferramenta excelente para visualização dos detalhes anatômicos dentários; a diafanização é um excelente método avaliativo, visto que temos a total visualização em terceira dimensão da anatomia interna dental; e que há necessidade de se estudar mais a respeito da utilização de dentes armazenados desidratados em algumas metodologias de pesquisas.
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Dantas, Jacqueline Garcia Fernandes. "Comprova??o da real comunica??o entre o endodonto e o periodonto atrav?s do canal cavo inter-radicular e sua preval?ncia em molares inferiores humanos." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17081.
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Previous issue date: 2006-03-14The neurovascular system of the pulp and of the periodontium is interconnected and among the possible intercommunications between these two tissues, there is the cavo inter-radicular canal. It is a small canal that goes through any inter-radicular dentine and arises in the furca region of the multi-radicular teeth. Its predominance has been studied in the literature, by several methodologies, with divergent results. The objective of this work was to establish, in vitro, the predominance of the cavo inter-radicular canal, in human lower molars, through the diaphanization technique and dye leakage. For this research, 140 teeth (100 first and second 40 lower molars) were selected, extracted due to different reasons, belonging to a teeth bank of the Endodontics discipline of the Dentistry College at Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. The teeth were preserved in formol until the moment of use and immersed in physiological solution. Had the endodontic access fulfilled and the whole external surface, except for the furcation, sealed with two layers of nail enamel. The cleaning of the pulpar chamber floor was carried out with sodium hypochlorite solution 5%, being this solution renewed every 5 minutes, during 1 hour. The teeth were immersed in Indian dye and, after drying of the dye, they had their crowns split up in the amelo-cemental junction. Then, they were examined in a stereomicroscope, where marks of the coloring were observed in the furcation and on the pulpar floor. After this recording, the sample was diaphanized and with the transparent teeth, it was possible to observe in the stereomicroscope, the true inter-radicular canals. As a result of this experiment, the presence of these canals was observed in 13 % of the first and 7, 5 % of the second evaluated molars. The study showed that both the presence of the cavo inter-radicular canal is real and the diaphanization and dye leakage is an efficient method for this type of research
O sistema neurovascular da polpa e do periodonto ? interligado e, dentre as poss?veis intercomunica??es entre esses dois tecidos, tem-se o canal cavo inter-radicular. Trata-se de um pequeno canal que percorre toda dentina inter-radicular e se exterioriza na regi?o de furca dos dentes multirradiculares. Sua preval?ncia foi estudada na literatura, por diversas metodologias, com resultados divergentes. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estabelecer, in vitro, a preval?ncia do canal cavo inter-radicular, em molares inferiores humanos, atrav?s da t?cnica de infiltra??o de corante e diafaniza??o. Para a pesquisa foram selecionados 140 dentes (100 primeiros e 40 segundos molares inferiores), extra?dos por raz?es diversas, pertencentes ao estoque de dentes da disciplina de Endodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Os dentes anteriormente mantidos em formol foram lavados em ?gua corrente e conservadps em soro fisiol?gico at? o momento de uso. Nesse momento os mesmos tiveram os acessos endod?nticos realizados e toda a superf?cie externa, exceto a furca, impermeabilizada com duas camadas de esmalte de unha. A limpeza do assoalho da c?mara pulpar foi feita com solu??o de hipoclorito de s?dio a 5%, sendo essa solu??o renovada a cada 5 minutos durante 1 hora. Os dentes foram imersos em tinta nanquim e, ap?s secagem do corante, tiveram suas coroas seccionadas na jun??o amelocement?ria. Foram ent?o examinados em um estereomicrosc?pio, onde se observou marcas do corante na furca e ou assoalho pulpar. Feito esse registro, a amostra foi diafanizada e, com os dentes transparentes, p?de-se observar no estereomicrosc?pio, os verdadeiros canais cavo inter-radiculares. Como resultado desse experimento, foi verificada a presen?a desses canais em 13% dos primeiros e 7,5% dos segundos molares avaliados. O estudo demonstrou que a presen?a do canal cavo inter-radicular ? real e a diafaniza??o associada ? infiltra??o de corante um m?todo eficaz para esse tipo de pesquisa
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CORRÊA, Priscila Gomes. "Defesas foliares em resposta à herbivoria em espécies lenhosas de restinga,Ipojuca-PE." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2007. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4924.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The leaf, the major photosynthetic plant organ, has the important function to adjust the plants to different habitats through morphological, chemical and physiological changes as a defense against the environmental factors. The chewing insects, the major consumers of leaf tissues, prejudice the behavior of the plants through the consumption of the photosynthetic tissue. Some plants survive developing chemical and structural strategies of defense. This study evaluated the anatomical and chemical characteristics of defense in plants responsible to the acceptability or resistance to the herbivorous chewing insects in leaves, young and mature, in individuals of species occurring in restinga vegetation. The studied species were: Andira fraxinifolia Benth. (Fabaceae), Annona crassiflora Mart. (Annonaceae), Casearia javitensis Kunth (Flacourtiaceae), Guettarda platypoda DC. (Rubiaceae), Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae), Marlierea cf. regeliana (Myrtaceae), Myrcia bergiana O. Berg.(Myrtaceae), Ouratea fieldingiana (Gardner) Engl. (Ochnaceae), Sacoglottis mattogrossensis Malme (Humiriaceae) e Tetracera breyniana Schlechtd (Dilleniaceae). Ten young and ten mature leaves from five indivuals of each species were collected. All leaves were digitized in scanner and after fiexd in FAA 50. The phytochemical tests and the histological slides were made following the respective methods. The anatomical analyses were made using an optical microscope and a program of image analysis. Ouratea fieldingiana showed higher values to thickness of cuticle and epiderm, comparing with other studied species. However, Annona crassiflora exhibit greater leaf thickness and it was the third specie less attacked by herbivores. The species H. speciosa and S. matogrossensis showed smaller leaf lamina taken off by herbivorous, probably as a response to the presence of latex and rutine, indicating a chemical defense. The anatomical characters and the herbivory percentage showed a negative correlation without significance. However, the phytochemical and anatomical analysis exhibited a great variety of defensive strategies, as a positive result to the major secondary compounds classes (alkaloids, phenolic metabolites, and saponosides) and anatomical characters (cuticle and epidermal thickness, presence of trichomes, crystals and schlerenchymatic tissues).
A restinga apresenta uma flora marcada por fatores como elevadas temperaturas, luminosidade, solo arenoso e deposição de substâncias salinas. A desordenada exploração dos recursos naturais vem alterando processos biológicos como as interações entre planta e herbívoro, promovendo um maior investimento em defesa.As defesas relativas à supressão de tecido fotossintético são classificadas como constitutivas ou induzidas, diferindo na forma como a planta expressa a resistência, podendo ser, ainda, classificadas como químicas e físicas. Defesas físicas abrangem características estruturais da planta, enquanto que as defesas químicas são representadas por compostos secundários tóxicos ou repelentes. Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar características anatômicas e fitoquímicas de defesa em folhas, jovens e adultas, de indivíduos de espécies ocorrentes numa vegetação de restinga sob a ação de insetos mastigadores. Foram coletadas dez folhas jovens e dez folhas adultas de cinco indivíduos das seguintes espécies: Andira fraxinifolia Benth. (Fabaceae), Annona crassiflora Mart. (Annonaceae), Casearia javitensis Kunth (Flacourtiaceae), Guettarda platypoda DC. (Rubiaceae), Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae), Marlierea cf. regeliana (Myrtaceae), Myrcia bergiana O. Berg.(Myrtaceae), Ouratea fieldingiana (Gardner) Engl. (Ochnaceae), Sacoglottis mattogrossensis Malme (Humiriaceae) e Tetracera breyniana Schlechtd (Dilleniaceae). O material botânico foi digitalizado em scanner de mesa e fixado em FAA 50. Os testes fitoquímicos e a confecção de lâminas histológicas seguiram metodologia apropriada. A análise das secções histológicas foi realizada sob microscopia óptica e programa de análise de imagens. A porcentagem de herbivoria variou entre 0-21%. O. fieldingiana exibiu os maiores valores referentes à espessura da cutícula superior (12,77μm) e inferior (6,55μm), assim como da epiderme nas faces adaxial (76,01μm) e abaxial (25,57μm). Andira fraxinifolia, Annona crassiflora e C. javitensis apresentaram tricomas simples restritos a face abaxial. G. platypoda, Myrcia bergiana e T. breyniana apresentaram tricomas simples em ambas as faces. As análises para polifenóis e terpenóides nas espécies estudadas mostraram resultados positivos, enquanto que o teste para alcalóides exibiu resultado positivo apenas em A. crassiflora. As análises mostraram uma grande variedade de estratégias defensivas, entretanto os parâmetros anatômicos e porcentagem deherbivoria não apresentaram resultados significantes.
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Albuquerque, Danielle Frota de. "Avaliação de imagens de defeitos ósseos induzidos na cabeça da mandíbula por meio de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288921.
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Orientador: Frab Norberto BóscoloTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: A Tomografia Computadorizada (TC) de feixe cônico é indicada para avaliar a morfologia óssea da articulação têmporomandibular (ATM). O objetivo dessa pesquisa é avaliar diferentes protocolos de aquisição no diagnóstico de alterações ósseas da ATM através da TC de feixe cônico. A amostra foi constituída de 30 cabeças de mandíbula. Perfurações foram confeccionadas em diferentes regiões (medial, central e lateral) das superfícies das cabeças de mandíbulas, variando no tamanho, que simulam alterações ósseas na ATM. Essas mandíbulas foram submetidas à exame de TC feixe Cônico (Cone Beam i-Cat Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, Pennsylvania, EUA) no protocolo de aquisição 1 (voxel de 0,4mm, tempo 20 segundo, FOV de 6cm, 18,45mAs e 120Kvp) e 2 (voxel 0,25mm, tempo de exposição 40 segundo, FOV 6 cm, 36,12 mAs e 120Kvp) As imagens foram formatadas, impressas em filme e avaliadas por dois examinadores. Foi aplicado a estatística de Kappa e teste de validade (especificidade e sensibilidade). Os resultados foram obtidos com a comparação entre as avaliações dos examinadores e os defeitos confeccionados. Os valores de Kappa encontrados, independente da área, no protocolo 2 (Kappa=0,241; Kappa=0,109) foram maiores que no protocolo 1 (Kappa=0,221; Kappa=0,058) para os dois examinadores, mas sem diferenças estatísticas significantes. Quando se avaliou as regiões separadamente, a maior concordância observada foi na região central, nos dois examinadores, no protocolo 1 (Kappa=0,378 e Kappa=0,270) e no protocolo 2 (Kappa=0,426 e 0,379). Concluíu-se que os protocolos avaliados podem ser usados para a observação de alterações na cabeça da mandíbula, contudo o protocolo 2 pode ser indicado para avaliação mais detalhada dos defeitos ósseos e que houve dificuldade em detectar defeitos muito pequenos, menores ou igual a 0,9mm
Abstract: Cone beam computed tomography (CT) is recommended to assess TMJ bone morphology. The aim of the present study was to evaluate different acquisition protocols of cone beam CT for the evaluation of simulated mandibular condyle bone lesions. Thirty macerated condyle were used. Spherical lesions were created in different regions (medial, central and lateral) of the condyles' surface, varying in size, which simulated bone changes in the TMJ. Condyles were submitted to cone beam computed tomography (Cone Beam i- Cat Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, Pennsylvania, USA). The images were formatted and printed on film and subsequently evaluated by two examiners. The statistical tests used were the Kappa statistics and test validity (sensitivity and specificity). It was observed that when comparing the examiners with the gold standard, regardless of the area, the Kappa values observed for Protocol 2 (Kappa = 0.241, Kappa = 0.109) were higher than those for protocol 1 (Kappa = 0.221, Kappa = 0.058 ) for both examiners, but were not statistically different. When evaluating the individual regions, the highest agreement between both examiners was observed in the central region in protocol 1 (Kappa = 0.378 and kappa = 0.270) and protocol 2 (Kappa = 0.426 and 0.379). It can be concluded that both protocols evaluated proved to be reliable for the observation of defects in the condyle. However, protocol 2 can be recommended for further evaluation of bone defects, and very small defects, 0.9mm or smaller, were difficult to detect with this technique
Doutorado
Radiologia Odontologica
Doutor em Radiologia Odontológica
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Amaral, Deise. "Anatoquímica de nós de Pinus elliottii var. elliottii." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/40042.
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Orientadora : Profª. Drª. Graciela Ines Bolzon de MunizCo-orientador : Prof. Dr. Heber dos Santos Abreu
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal. Defesa: Curitiba, 13/10/2014
Inclui referências : f. 141-152
Área de concentração : Tecnologia e utilização de produtos florestais
Resumo: Os nós são considerados um dos defeitos mais prejudiciais a aplicação da madeira. Sua ocorrência é inerente a cada espécie, fazendo parte da fisiologia natural da árvore, mas, em espécies florestais de interesse econômico, são considerados prejudiciais por reduzir o valor comercial de peças de madeira. Pela sua influência nas propriedades tecnológicas da madeira, mercados de comercialização de produtos florestais elaboram normas de classificação específicas e institutos de pesquisas viabilizam estudos com intuito de avaliar sua interferência, minimizar sua ocorrência, reduzir os prejuízos causados por eles e expandir possibilidade de utilização em outros fins, mas apesar dos inúmeros trabalhos científicos divulgados a respeito de nós, existe uma lacuna de conhecimento básico sobre sua composição química e arranjo anatômico. Neste contexto, a finalidade desse trabalho é fornecer informações sobre dinâmica de elementos químicos e anatômicos que formam os nós. A espécie utilizada para o estudo foi o Pinus elliottii var. elliottii, largamente utilizado na indústria de papel e celulose e também utilizada para a produção de madeira processada. Para dar suporte ao trabalho, o Capítulo 1 apresenta revisão de estudos e pesquisas sobre o assunto. O detalhamento do estudo anatômico é apresentado no Capítulo 2: caracterização anatômica de nós em Pinus elliottii var. elliottii e o estudo químico, apresentado no Capítulo 3: estudo químico de lignina e celulose em madeira de nós de Pinus elliottii var. elliottii. No estudo anatômico, os resultados indicaram que os elementos de estudos do desenvolvimento das traqueídes (comprimento, espessura da parede, diâmetro total e de lume) apresentaram características específicas, em padrões distintos dos observados para a madeira de entorno dos nós. Nos estudos químicos foi identificada a existência de um gradiente crescente de percentual de lignina e cristalinidade da molécula de celulose entre regiões de nó, madeira livre de nó e transição; formação de estrutura mais aldeídicas em ligninas da madeira livre de nó ocorrente no entorno do nó e lignificação em estágio de maturação mais avançado nas amostras de nós. Palavras-chave: Pinus elliottii; nós; anatomia; lignificação; cristalinidade da celulose.
Abstract: The knots are considered one of the most harmful defects the application timber. Its occurrence is inherent in each species, part of the natural physiology of the tree, but tree species of economic interest, are considered harmful by reducing the commercial value of wood pieces. By its influence on technological properties of wood, commercialization of forest products markets elaborate standards of specific classification and research institutes enable studies designed to assess their interference, minimize its occurrence, reduce the harm caused by them and expand the possibility of using other purposes, but despite numerous scientific papers published about knots, there is a lack of basic knowledge about their chemical composition and anatomical arrangement. In this context, the purpose of this work is to provide information on the dynamics of chemical and anatomical elements that form the knots. The species used for the study was the Pinus elliottii var. elliottii, widely used in the pulp and paper industry and also used for the production of processed wood. To support the work, Chapter 1 presents review of studies and research on the subject. The details of the anatomical study is presented in Chapter 2: anatomical characterization of knots in Pinus elliottii var. elliottii and the chemical study, presented in Chapter 3: Chemical study of lignin and cellulose in wood of Pinus elliottii var. elliottii. In the anatomical study, the results indicated that the elements of studies of the development of tracheids (length, wall thickness, overall diameter and volume) presented specific characteristics in different patterns observed for the wood around the knots. In chemical studies has identified the existence of a gradient increasing percentage of lignin and cellulose crystallinity of the molecule between knots regions, clear wood and transition; formation of more aldehydic wood lignin structure in clear wood occurring in the vicinity of the knot and lignification in more advanced stage of maturation in samples from knots. Keywords: Pinus elliottii; knots; Anatomy; lignification; cellulose crystallinity.
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Vanni, Christiana Maria Ribeiro Salles. "Retalho miocutâneo de peitoral maior na reconstrução dos defeitos da cabeça e pescoço: estudo anatômico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5132/tde-15012014-144008/.
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Objetivos: Avaliar se o comprimento do pedículo do retalho miocutâneo de peitoral maior assim como seu alcance para diversos sítios da região cervicofacial são influenciados por dados antropométricos e pelo lado de dissecção do retalho. O trabalho busca também determinar se a rotação infraclavicular proporciona ganho significativo quanto ao alcance do retalho em comparação à rotação supraclavicular. Delineamento: Estudo prospectivo anatômico em cadáveres e em pacientes tipo transversal. Materiais: Foram estudados 50 retalhos miocutâneos de peitoral maior em 25 cadáveres adultos não formolizados com menos de 24 horas de óbito fornecidos pelo Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos da Universidade de São Paulo e, a seguir, 15 pacientes submetidos à reconstrução de defeitos cervicofaciais com este retalho. Métodos: Padronizou-se em todos os casos estudados uma ilha de pele quadrangular, medindo 8x6 cm (altura x largura) localizada sobre a porção esternocostal do músculo peitoral maior, medialmente ao mamilo e tendo como limite caudal a borda superior da sétima costela. Todos os retalhos foram baseados apenas no ramo peitoral da artéria toracoacromial e a rotação foi realizada inicialmente sobre a clavícula. O comprimento do pedículo foi medido após a rotação, do ponto médio clavicular até o nível da borda superior da ilha de pele. Testou-se o alcance do centro da ilha de pele do retalho para as seguintes regiões: proeminência laríngea da cartilagem tireoide, mento, ângulo da mandíbula, conduto auditivo externo e órbita. Analisou-se a relação do comprimento do pedículo e do alcance do retalho com dados antropométricos e com o lado de dissecção. Posteriormente, realizou-se a rotação do retalho por baixo da clavícula apenas nos cadáveres e testou-se novamente seu alcance para as mesmas regiões, comparando com os resultados da rotação supraclavicular. Resultados: Nos cadáveres, o comprimento do pedículo apresentou um valor médio de 17,67 ± 2,24 cm, já para os pacientes, encontramos uma média de 16,03 ± 1,35 cm. Todos os retalhos obtiveram alcance para todas as regiões estudadas, com exceção da órbita, que foi alcançada nos cadáveres em 20 casos por rotação supraclavicular (40%) e 21 casos por rotação infraclavicular (42%). Nos pacientes, a óbita foi alcançada em 13,3% dos casos. Nos cadáveres, a rotação infraclavicular não apresentou ganho significativo para o alcance à órbita (p=0,839 - qui-quadrado) nem para as outras regiões estudadas, embora tenha havido um ganho de 0,61 cm na média do comprimento do pedículo, dado com significância estatística (p=0,01; pela Correlação de Person). Considerando os cadáveres, na análise univariada, foi observado que houve diferença estatisticamente significativa para o alcance do retalho à órbita em indivíduos com maior distância acrômiotrocantérica - DAT (p= 0,008 - teste \"t\" de Student), maior distância biacromial - DBA (p= 0,024 - teste \"t\" de Student) e menor valor da razão entre a distância mastoide-fúrcula esternal pela distância acrômio-trocantérica - DMF/DAT (p= 0,005 - teste \"t\" de Student). Também se observou que os cadáveres cujos retalhos alcançaram a órbita, apresentavam peso estatisticamente superior (p=0,036 - teste \"t\" de Student). Em relação ao comprimento do pedículo, na análise univariada, houve correlação positiva e estatisticamente significativo entre o comprimento do pedículo e a distância biacromial - DBA (r= 0,311; p= 0,028 - correlação de Pearson); correlação negativa e também significativo com a razão entre a distância mastoide-fúrcula esternal pela distância biacromial - DMF/DBA (r= -0,362; p= 0,010 - correlação de Pearson) e com a razão entre a distância mastoide-fúrcula esternal pela distância acrômio-trocantérica - DMF/DAT (r= -0,403; p= 0,004 - correlação de Pearson). Já nos pacientes, a análise univariada mostrou correlação positiva e estatisticamente significativo entre o comprimento do pedículo e o comprimento do esterno - CE (r= 0,722; p= 0,002 - correlação de Sperman) e correlação negativa e também significativo com a razão entre a distância mastoide-fúrcula esternal pelo comprimento do esterno - DMF/CE (r= -0,587; p= 0,021 - correlação de Sperman). Com os resultados obtidos nesta última análise, as variáveis nos pacientes com p < 0,20 foram submetidas à análise multivariada por modelo de regressão linear, visando estabelecer as variáveis que podem determinar o comprimento do pedículo vascular do retalho. Desta forma, identificou-se o comprimento do esterno como a única variável capaz de determinar o comprimento do pedículo vascular do RMPM (p=0,004). Com base nestes dados de regressão, foi então estabelecida uma equação capaz de determinar o comprimento do pedículo vascular do RMPM (COMP) baseada no comprimento do esterno, como demonstrada a seguir: COMP = 2,54 + 0,64 X CE. Conclusões: A rotação infraclavicular do retalho miocutâneo de peitoral maior não proporciona ganho no alcance do retalho em relação à região cervicofacial em comparação à rotação supraclavicular; o alcance do retalho miocutâneo peitoral maior não é influenciado pelo lado de dissecção e por dados antropométricos; o comprimento do pedículo vascular não é influenciado pelo lado de dissecção, mas sofre influência positiva do comprimento esternal. Apesar do alcance do retalho não sofrer influência de dados antropométricos, por este modelo anatômico infere-se que a equação determinante do comprimento do pedículo pode, na prática clínica, contribuir para o planejamento de reconstruções utilizando o retalho miocutâneo de peitoral maior, sobretudo para defeitos mais craniaisObjectives: Determine whether the length of the pectoralis major myocutaneous pedicled flap and its ability to reach multiple head and neck sites are influenced by anthropometric data and by the side of flap dissection. The study is also designed to determine whether infraclavicular rotation provides a significant gain in flap reach over supraclavicular rotation. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional and anatomical study on cadavers and patients. Materials: Fifty pectoral major myocutaneous flaps were studied in fresh adult cadavers less than 24 hours after death provided by the Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos of the University of São Paulo, and later in 15 patients undergoing head and neck reconstruction using this flap. Methods: For all cases a standardized quadrangular skin island measuring 8 cm x 6 cm (height x width) was employed, located over the sternocostal portion of the major pectoralis muscle, with the nipple as the medial limit and the muscle\'s inferior border as the caudal limit. All flaps were based only on the pectoralis branch of the thoracoacromial artery and the rotation was initially performed over the clavicle. Pedicle length was measured after rotation, from the midpoint of the clavicle to the superior border of the skin island. The reach of the skin island center was tested to the following sites: laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage, chin, angle of the mandibule, external auditive canal and orbit. Ratios of the length of the pedicle and the reach of the flap and the anthropometric data and dissection side were analyzed. Afterwards, only in the cadavers, the flap was rotated beneath the clavicle and its reach to the same regions was measured again, and then compared to the result obtained from supraclavicular rotation. Results: In the cadavers, the average pedicule flap length was 17.67 ± 2.24 cm, while for the patients, the average length was 16.03 ± 1.35 cm. All flaps reached all studied sites, except for the orbit, which was reached in 20 cases by supraclavicular rotation (40%), and in 21 cases beneath the clavicle (42%) in the cadavers, and in 13.3% of the patients. In the cadavers, infraclavicular rotation did not result in a significant gain in reach to the orbit or to any other studied site (P=0.839 - chi-square), although there was a statistically significant (p=001; Pearson Correlation) gain of 0.61 cm in the average length of the flap. In the univariate analysis, there was a statistically significant difference in the cadavers for the reach of the flap to the orbit in individuals with a greater acromion-trochanter distance (DAT; p= 0.008 - Student\'s t-test), greater biacromial distance (DBA; p= 0.024 - Student\'s t-test) and a smaller value for the ratio of the mastoidsuprasternal notch distance over the acromion-trochanter distance - DMF/DAT (p= 0.005 - Student\'s t-test). It was also observed that the cadavers whose flaps reached the orbit had statistically higher body weights (p=0.036 - Student\'s t-test). With regard to the length of the flap, in the univariate analysis, there was a positive and statistically significant correlation between the length of the flap and the biacromial distance - DBA (r= 0.311; p= 0.028 - Pearson correlation); a negative and statistically significant correlation with the ratio of the mastoid-suprasternal notch distance over the biacromial distance - DMF/DBA (r= -0.362; p= 0.010 - Pearson correlation) and with the ratio between the mastoid-suprasternal notch distance over the acromion-trochanter distance - DMF/DAT (r= -0.403; p= 0.004 - Pearson correlation). Whereas in the patients, the univariate analysis showed a positive and statistically significant correlation between the length of the flap and the length of the sternum (CE) (r= 0.722; p= 0.002 - Spearman correlation) and a negative and statistically significant correlation with the ratio between the mastoidsuprasternal notch distance over the length of the sternum - DMF/CE (r= - 0.587; p= 0.021 - Spearman correlation). With the results obtained in this last analysis, the variables in the patients with p < 0.20 were submitted to multivariate analysis using linear regression in an effort to establish an equation to predict the length of the vascular flap. Sternum length (p=0.004) was the only variable found that was capable of determining the length of the vascular pedicle of the PMMC flap. Based on these regression data, an equation was formulated to determine the length of the vascular pedicle of the PMMC flap (COMP) based on the length of the sternum (CE), as follows: COMP = 2.54 + 0.64 X CE. Conclusions: Infraclavicular rotation of the pectoral major myocutaneous flap does not add to the reach of the flap to the head and neck region as compared to supraclavicular rotation; the reach of the pectoral major myocutaneous flap is not influenced by the side of the dissection or by anthropometric measures; and the length of the vascular pedicle is not influenced by the side of dissection, but is positively influenced by sternum length. Although anthropometric measures do not influence the reach of the flap according to this anatomical model, it can be inferred that the determinant equation of the length of the pedicle can, in practice, contribute to the planning of head and neck reconstruction using the pectoral major myocutaneous flap, especially for more cranial defects
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Reiff, Rodrigo Bezerra de Menezes. "Reparo de defeito osteocondral no joelho de coelhos utilizando centrifugado de medula óssea autóloga." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-27092010-155257/.
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A cartilagem articular, por sua natureza avascular, apresenta uma capacidade limitada de regeneração. Uma abordagem terapêutica para o tratamento de defeitos da cartilagem consiste na utilização de células ou tecidos aplicados ao local da lesão. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de centrifugado de medula óssea autóloga em lesões osteocondrais no joelho de coelhos, em comparação com um grupo controle de lesões osteocondrais sem preenchimento, analisando o comportamento histológico destes grupos em função do tempo. Foram utilizados doze coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia, albinos, machos, adultos, submetidos a uma lesão osteocondral, de 4 mm de diâmetro e 3 mm de profundidade, em ambos os joelhos, na região da tróclea femoral. Nos joelhos direitos, que constituíram o Grupo Estudo, o defeito osteocondral foi preenchido por um coágulo de células mesenquimais, obtidas por centrifugação de um aspirado da medula óssea e selado com cola de fibrina. Nos joelhos esquerdos, que constituíram o Grupo Controle, o defeito osteocondral não recebeu qualquer preenchimento. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos de quatro coelhos, estudados após oito, 16 e 24 semanas. Os resultados foram descritos com base em uma escala de pontuação histológica que avaliou a morfologia celular, a reconstrução do osso subcondral, o aspecto da matriz, o preenchimento do defeito, a regularidade da superfície e a conexão das margens. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo Teste t-student para dados pareados na comparação entre Grupo Estudo e Grupo Controle. Para as comparações através do fator temporal, utilizou-se o Teste ANOVA one way. Com 5% de confiança, rejeitou-se a hipótese de igualdade entre os Grupos Estudo e Controle. Notou-se uma distância decrescente entre os escores dos Grupos Estudo e Controle com o aumento do tempo, bem como uma tendência crescente do valor da escala para o Grupo Controle. Concluiu-se que a aplicação de centrifugado de medula óssea em defeitos osteocondrais no joelho de coelhos mostrou melhor resultado na avaliação histológica, em comparação ao Grupo Controle. Analisando a evolução dos grupos através do tempo, houve uma aproximação de seus escores histológicos, sobretudo pelo aumento observado no Grupo ControleThe articular cartilage, due to its avascular nature, presents a limited regeneration capacity. A therapeutical approach to the treatment of cartilage defects consists of the utilization of cells or tissues applied to the lesion site. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of applying autologous bone marrow centrifuged in osteochondral lesions in the knees of rabbits, compared to a control group of osteochondral lesions without any filling, analyzing the behavior of these groups in terms of time. Twelve adult albino male New Zealand rabbits were used being submitted to an osteochondral lesion of 4 mm in diameter and 3 mm deep in both knees, at the femoral trochlea area. On the right knees, which comprised the Study Group, the osteochondral defect was filled by a clot of mesenchymal cells, obtained by centrifugation of an aspirate from bone marrow and sealed with fibrin glue. On the left knees, which comprised the Control Group, the osteochondral defect did not get any filling. The animals were divided into 3 groups of 4 rabbits, and studied after eight, 16 and 24 weeks. The results were described based on a histological grading scale which took into account the cell morphology, the subchondral bone reconstruction, the matrix staining, the filling of the defect, the surface regularity and the bonding of the edges. The statistical analysis was made by the t-student Test for paired data in the comparison between the Study Group and the Control Group. For the comparisons made by the time factor, it was used the ANOVA Test one way. With 5% level of confidence, the hypothesis of equality between the Study and Control Groups was rejected. It was observed a decreasing distance between scores of the Study and Control Groups as time increased, as well as an increasing tendency of the scale value for the Control Group. It was concluded that the application of autologous bone marrow centrifuged in osteochondral defects in the knees of rabbits showed better result in histological evaluation, in comparison to the Control Group. By analyzing the evolution of the groups through time, there was an approach of their histological scores, especially by the increase observed in the Control Group
Books on the topic "Anatomical defects"
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D, Jacobstein Mark, ed. Magnetic resonance imaging of congenital heart disease: Anatomic, angiographic, and echocardiographic correlations. St. Louis: Mosby, 1988.
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Crum, Brian A., Eduardo E. Benarroch, and Robert D. Brown. Neurologic Disorders Categorized by Anatomical Involvement. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199755691.003.0523.
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Neurological disorders of the brain, spine, and peripheral nervous system are examined. Symptoms and signs related to disorders of the cerebral cortex may lead to alterations in cognition and consciousness. Unilateral neurologic symptoms involving a single neurologic symptom commonly localize to the cerebral cortex. Abnormalities of speech and language are localized to the dominant cerebral hemisphere, whereas abnormalities of the nondominant hemisphere may lead to visuospatial deficits, confusion, or neglect of the contralateral side of the body. The hypothalamus is important in many functions that affect everyday steady-state conditions, including temperature regulation, hunger, water regulation, sleep, endocrine functions, cardiovascular functions, and regulation of the autonomic nervous system. Cortical and subcortical abnormalities may also lead to visual system deficits, usually homonymous visual defects of the contralateral visual field. Sensory levels, signs of anterior horn cell involvement, and long-tract signs in the posterior columns or corticospinal tract suggest a spinal cord lesion.
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Engels, Eric A., and Allan Hildesheim. Immunologic Factors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0025.
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The immune response is a highly complex system that has developed to protect individuals from morbidity and mortality induced by exogenous exposures, including infections. As summarized in this chapter, alterations in the immune response, whether due to immunosuppressive or immune stimulatory effects, have important consequences with respect to cancer risk. Individuals with inherited immunological defects, acquired immunological deficiencies, chronic unresolved infections, and autoimmune conditions are at considerably increased risk for multiple cancers, suggesting an important role for the immune response in the development of cancer at various anatomical sites. Studies that have directly evaluated immunogenetic and immunological factors and cancer risk are beginning to identify specific immunological risk factors associated with individual cancers. Furthermore, technological advances have made it increasingly feasible to evaluate specific immunological factors and their relationship to cancer risk, suggesting that additional insights are likely in the coming years.
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Serfass, Evan R., and Justin D. Ramos. Ventricular Septal Defect. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0007.
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Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital cardiac lesion, and VSDs are found as isolated lesions in up to 20% of children with congenital heart disease. The natural history and pathophysiology of VSD varies by patient age, patient size, anatomic location, and size of the defect. Patients who have large lesions and significant left-to-right shunt resulting in heart failure symptoms, failure to thrive, pulmonary hypertension, or recurrent respiratory infections may be indicated for early surgical repair during infancy. This chapter presents a clinical scenario of a symptomatic infant undergoing primary surgical repair of a VSD to demonstrate principles of the anatomy, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and medical management of patients with VSDs. Anesthetic management is also discussed, considering the effects of left-to-right shunt, pulmonary hypertension, delayed sternal closure, and Eisenmenger’s syndrome.
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Nguyen, Khoa, and Patrick Callahan. Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defects. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0014.
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The term congenital heart disease encompasses a vast array of lesions that present unique anesthetic challenges. Making up close to 10% of all congenital heart disease, atrial septal defects are some of the more commonly encountered congenital lesions. Atrial chambers in the heart are separated by a septum that forms during embryological development. When the septum does not develop normally, blood communicates between the right and left atria. This alteration in flow has significant effects on both cardiac and pulmonary anatomy and physiology. Cardiothoracic surgery used to be the only way to close defects that did not spontaneously close. Transcatheeter device closure of atrial septal defects in the cardiac catheterization lab has become increasingly common and offers significant advantages over open heart surgery. This chapter highlights the anatomic and physiologic considerations of the different types of atrial septal defects and discusses the details of transcatheter closure including indications, timing, and risks.
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Demetriades, Demetrios, Leslie Kobayashi, and Lydia Lam. Cardiac complications in trauma. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0062.
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Post-traumatic cardiac complications may occur after penetrating or blunt injuries to the heart or may follow severe extracardiac injuries. The majority of victims with penetrating injuries to the heart die at the scene and do not reach hospital care. For those patients who reach hospital care, an immediate operation, sometimes in the emergency room, cardiac injury repair, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation provide the only possibility of survival. Many patients develop perioperative cardiac complications such as acute cardiac failure, cardiac arrhythmias, coronary air embolism, and myocardial infarction. Some survivors develop post-operative functional abnormalities or anatomical defects, which may not manifest during the early post-operative period. It is essential that all survivors undergo detailed early and late cardiac evaluations. Blunt cardiac trauma encompasses a wide spectrum of injuries that includes asymptomatic myocardial contusion, arrhythmias, or cardiogenic shock to full-thickness cardiac rupture and death. Clinical examination, electrocardiograms, troponin measurements, and echocardiography are the cornerstone of diagnosis and monitoring of these patients. Lastly, some serious extracardiac traumatic conditions, such as traumatic pneumonectomy and severe traumatic brain injury, may result in cardiac complications. This may include tachyarrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, electrocardiographic changes, troponin elevations, heart failure, and cardiac arrest.
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Demetriades, Demetrios, Leslie Kobayashi, and Lydia Lam. Cardiac complications in trauma. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0062_update_001.
Full textAbstract:
Post-traumatic cardiac complications may occur after penetrating or blunt injuries to the heart or may follow severe extracardiac injuries. The majority of victims with penetrating injuries to the heart die at the scene and do not reach hospital care. For those patients who reach hospital care, an immediate operation, sometimes in the emergency room, cardiac injury repair, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation provide the only possibility of survival. Many patients develop perioperative cardiac complications such as acute cardiac failure, cardiac arrhythmias, coronary air embolism, and myocardial infarction. Some survivors develop post-operative functional abnormalities or anatomical defects, which may not manifest during the early post-operative period. It is essential that all survivors undergo detailed early and late cardiac evaluations. Blunt cardiac trauma encompasses a wide spectrum of injuries that includes asymptomatic myocardial contusion, arrhythmias, or cardiogenic shock to full-thickness cardiac rupture and death. Clinical examination, electrocardiograms, troponin measurements, and echocardiography are the cornerstone of diagnosis and monitoring of these patients. Lastly, some serious extracardiac traumatic conditions, such as traumatic pneumonectomy and severe traumatic brain injury, may result in cardiac complications. This may include tachyarrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, electrocardiographic changes, troponin elevations, heart failure, and cardiac arrest.
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Lam, Lydia, Leslie Kobayashi, and Demetrios Demetriades. Cardiac complications in trauma. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0062_update_002.
Full textAbstract:
Post-traumatic cardiac complications may occur after penetrating or blunt injuries to the heart or may follow severe extracardiac injuries. The majority of victims with penetrating injuries to the heart die at the scene and do not reach hospital care. For those patients who reach hospital care, an immediate operation, sometimes in the emergency room, cardiac injury repair, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation provide the only possibility of survival. Many patients develop perioperative cardiac complications such as acute cardiac failure, cardiac arrhythmias, coronary air embolism, and myocardial infarction. Some survivors develop post-operative functional abnormalities or anatomical defects, which may not manifest during the early post-operative period. It is essential that all survivors undergo detailed early and late cardiac evaluations. Blunt cardiac trauma encompasses a wide spectrum of injuries that includes asymptomatic myocardial contusion, arrhythmias, or cardiogenic shock to full-thickness cardiac rupture and death. Clinical examination, electrocardiograms, troponin measurements, and echocardiography are the cornerstone of diagnosis and monitoring of these patients. Lastly, some serious extracardiac traumatic conditions, such as traumatic pneumonectomy and severe traumatic brain injury, may result in cardiac complications. This may include tachyarrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, electrocardiographic changes, troponin elevations, heart failure, and cardiac arrest.
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Lam, Lydia, Leslie Kobayashi, and Demetrios Demetriades. Cardiac complications in trauma. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0062_update_003.
Full textAbstract:
Post-traumatic cardiac complications may occur after penetrating or blunt injuries to the heart or may follow severe extracardiac injuries. The majority of victims with penetrating injuries to the heart die at the scene and do not reach hospital care. For those patients who reach hospital care, an immediate operation, sometimes in the emergency room, cardiac injury repair, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation provide the only possibility of survival. Many patients develop perioperative cardiac complications such as acute cardiac failure, cardiac arrhythmias, coronary air embolism, and myocardial infarction. Some survivors develop post-operative functional abnormalities or anatomical defects, which may not manifest during the early post-operative period. It is essential that all survivors undergo detailed early and late cardiac evaluations. Blunt cardiac trauma encompasses a wide spectrum of injuries that includes asymptomatic myocardial contusion, arrhythmias, or cardiogenic shock to full-thickness cardiac rupture and death. Clinical examination, electrocardiograms, troponin measurements, and echocardiography are the cornerstone of diagnosis and monitoring of these patients. Lastly, some serious extracardiac traumatic conditions, such as traumatic pneumonectomy and severe traumatic brain injury, may result in cardiac complications. This may include tachyarrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, electrocardiographic changes, troponin elevations, heart failure, and cardiac arrest.
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Hayashi, Daichi, Ali Guermazi, and Frank W. Roemer. Radiography and computed tomography imaging of osteoarthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0016.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disorder in the elderly worldwide and there is still no effective treatment, other than joint arthroplasty for end-stage OA, despite ongoing research efforts. Imaging is essential for assessing structural joint damage and disease progression. Radiography is the most widely used first-line imaging modality for structural OA evaluation. Its inherent limitations should be noted including lack of ability to directly visualize most OA-related pathological features in and around the joint, lack of sensitivity to longitudinal change and missing specificity of joint space narrowing, and technical difficulties regarding reproducibility of positioning of the joints in longitudinal studies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely applied in epidemiological studies and clinical trials. Computed tomography (CT) is an important additional tool that offers insight into high-resolution bony anatomical details and allows three-dimensional post-processing of imaging data, which is of particular importance for orthopaedic surgery planning. However, its major disadvantage is limitations in the assessment of soft tissue structures compared to MRI. CT arthrography can be useful in evaluation of focal cartilage defects or meniscal tears; however, its applicability may be limited due to its invasive nature. This chapter describes the roles and limitations of both conventional radiography and CT, including CT arthrography, in clinical practice and OA research. The emphasis is on OA of the knee, but other joints are also mentioned where appropriate.
Book chapters on the topic "Anatomical defects"
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Auffarth, Alexander, Mark Tauber, and Herbert Resch. "The J-Bone Graft for Anatomical Reconstruction of Glenoid Defects." In Shoulder Instability, 89–116. Milano: Springer Milan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2035-1_5.
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Turner, Benjamin, John Collin, and Rui Fernandes. "Soft Tissue Reconstruction of the Maxillofacial Region." In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 1941–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_86.
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AbstractArguably the greatest challenge within Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is reconstruction following major trauma or oncologic ablative surgery that restores the patient’s pre-morbid quality of life. Satisfactory reconstruction of the maxillofacial region needs to address both cosmetic and often functional concerns beyond those encountered at other sites in the body. Even small facial defects can lead to cosmetic deformity that impacts significantly on a patient’s psychosocial well-being if not reconstructed appropriately. There have been many technological advances over the last few decades, particularly with respect to free tissue transfer and transplantation. In contrast, a number of techniques have ancient origins that have been refined over the years. Many defects will have multiple reconstructive options and a number of factors require consideration to decide which are appropriate for an individual patient. In this chapter anatomical units of the oral cavity (lip, cheek, tongue, floor of mouth and palate), and face (forehead, orbit, nose, cheek and ear) are considered in turn, with reconstructive options presented from simple to complex.
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Zimmermann, Arthur. "Tumor-Like Lesions of the Hepatobiliary Tract: Anatomical Variations and Malformations Resulting in Hepatic Mass Effects or Focal Defects." In Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of the Hepatobiliary Tract, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26587-2_121-1.
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Zimmermann, Arthur. "Tumor-Like Lesions of the Hepatobiliary Tract: Anatomical Variations and Malformations Resulting in Hepatic Mass Effects or Focal Defects." In Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of the Hepatobiliary Tract, 2171–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26956-6_121.
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Marino, Bruno, Maria Cristina Digilio, Federica Mileto, Emanuela Conti, and Bruno Dallapiccola. "Atrioventricular Canal Defect: Anatomical and Genetic Characteristics." In Cardiovascular Development and Congenital Malformations, 244–47. Malden, Massachusetts, USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470988664.ch61.
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Kleinübing, Harry, and Mauro S. L. Pinho. "Transperineal Ultrasonography of Anatomic Defects in Fecal Incontinence." In Imaging Atlas of the Pelvic Floor and Anorectal Diseases, 35–37. Milano: Springer Milan, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0809-0_6.
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Faletra, Francesco F., Vera L. Paiocchi, Laura A. Leo, Susanne A. Schlossbauer, and S. Yen Ho. "Atrial Septal Defects: 2DE vs 3DE and Anatomic Specimen." In Practical 3D Echocardiography, 239–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72941-7_20.
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Patel, Krupal B., Stephen Y. Kang, and Matthew O. Old. "Principles of Lateral Craniofacial Reconstruction: Anatomic Defect-Based Approach to Reconstruction." In Principles of Lateral Craniofacial Reconstruction, 19–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50291-1_2.
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Ebels, T., E. J. Meijboom, R. H. Anderson, M. J. M. Schasfoort-van Leeuwen, A. Eijgelaar, and J. N. Homan van der Heide. "Anatomic Correlations between Left Ventricular Inflow and Outflow Tract in Atrioventricular Septal Defect with Separate Valve Orifices." In Pediatric Cardiology, 911–14. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8598-1_246.
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Hraška, Viktor, and Peter Murín. "Anatomic Correction of Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries with Ventricular Septal Defect and Obstruction of the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract." In Surgery of Conotruncal Anomalies, 459–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23057-3_27.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Anatomical defects"
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Tang, Elaine, Reza H. Khiabani, Christopher M. Haggerty, and Ajit P. Yoganathan. "In Vitro Investigation of the Effect of Flow Pulsatility on Power Loss in the Total Cavopulmonary Connection." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-54020.
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Total Cavopulmonary Connection (TCPC) is the most common surgical palliation for single ventricle heart defects. In such connections, venae cavae are connected to the pulmonary arteries, bypassing the right ventricle. The patient-specific anatomical complexity makes characterization and optimization of the fluid mechanics a unique challenge.
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Roach, Brendan L., Andrea R. Tan, Aaron M. Stoker, James L. Cook, Keith J. Yeager, Gerard A. Ateshian, and Clark T. Hung. "Fabrication of Tissue-Engineered Cartilage Grafts With Anatomic Surface Contours for Repair of Large Focal Defects." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14657.
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Articular cartilage exhibits a poor healing response to injury that necessitates surgical intervention to repair or replace damaged tissue. Treatment options, however, are dependent on the location and size of the defect site. For small focal defects (<2 cm 2), microfracture is the primary method of treatment [8] despite the production of biologically inferior cartilage. For lesions greater than 10 cm 2 where the articular cartilage loss and morphology of the condyle is distorted, a fresh osteoarticular allograft is most likely to succeed [3], while posing a significant surgical challenge related to the technical demands in restoring congruency of the articular surface (i.e., attaining a flush fit of the graft with the surrounding host cartilage tissue). This requires matching of the donor joint size to provide grafts with similar anatomical surface contours. As there is insufficient supply of suitable cartilage grafts to meet the clinical demand, the development of tissue engineered osteochondral grafts would have significant clinical impact for treatment of cartilage lesions and eventually entire articular surfaces.
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Dharia, Mehul A., Danny L. Levine, Roy D. Crowninshield, Eik Siggelkow, Dale A. Degroff, and Douglas H. Wentz. "Effectiveness of Trabecular Metal™ Acetabular Augment in Revision THR of Pelvis With Severe Acetabular Defect: A Finite Element Study." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176222.
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Osteolysis of the pelvis after total hip replacement (THR) can result in several types of bony defects within or around the acetabulum [1]. These defects are classified into various categories based on the extent and location of the host bone loss [2, 3]. A severe acetabular defect with at least 30% of bone loss and progressive amounts of superior rim deficiencies can be classified as a Paprosky type IIIA cavitary defect [4] (Figure 1-I). A significant amount of superior migration of the cup can be expected as the deficient acetabulum with nonsupportive superior dome will be unable to support an acetabular component at the anatomic hip center without using structural allograft, custom implants or reconstruction cage [4, 5]. A new reconstructive technique (Figure 1-II) uses modular Trabecular Metal™ (TM) augments (Figure 1-III) to fill the acetabular defects at the time of revision THR so that regular hemispheric uncemented acetabular components can be used to allow for the potential of biologic fixation.
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Sundareswaran, Kartik S., Diane de Zelicourt, Kerem Pekkan, Gopinath Jayaprakash, David Kim, Brian Whited, Jarek Rossignac, Mark A. Fogel, Kirk R. Kanter, and Ajit P. Yoganathan. "Anatomically Realistic Patient-Specific Surgical Planning of Complex Congenital Heart Defects Using MRI and CFD." In 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2007.4352258.
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Dasi, Lakshmi, Kerem Pekkan, Kevin Whitehead, Mark Fogel, and Ajit Yoganathan. "Hepatic Venous Blood Flow Distribution in the Total Cavopulmonary Connection: Patient-Specific Anatomical Models." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176392.
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CFD modeling of the anatomical pathways (TCPC) created by the palliative single-ventricle heart defect surgeries is an area studied by several research groups [1–5]. To the best of our knowledge except Walker et al. (in idealized experimental models) [6], all studies focused on the prediction of hydrodynamic power losses or dissipation function and ignored venous hepatic flow distribution to the left and right lungs. Hepatic flow coming from the inferior vena cava (IVC) transports essential growth factors that are required for normal lung growth. Inadequate IVC blood distribution also cause protein loosing enteropathy [7], a serious complex pathology leading to total failure of the surgically created single-ventricle circulation system. Early TCPC configurations distributing the hepatic flow unidirectionaly to one of the lungs [8] were promptly discontinued from the operating rooms and replaced with “+” shaped connections for these reasons, Fig 1.
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Porto, Edoardo, Juan M. Revuelta Barbero, Eduardo J. Medina, Roberto M. Soriano, Candace E. Hobson, Esther X. Vivas, Clementino A. Solares, and Gustavo Pradilla. "Exoscope-Assisted Approach to Repair Middle Cranial Fossa Defects: An Anatomic Atlas and Case Report." In 31st Annual Meeting North American Skull Base Society. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1743980.
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Tenhoff, Amanda C., Tinen L. Iles, Paul A. Iaizzo, and Robroy MacIver. "Aberrant Coronary Artery: A Rare Congenital Anomaly Examined Through Pre- And Post-Procedural 3D Anatomical Modeling." In 2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1061.
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Abstract Congenital heart disease – structural abnormalities of the heart that are present at and persistent beyond birth – affects about one in every 100 live births every year in the United States [1]. One such disease is that of the aberrant coronary artery, which describes abnormalities of coronary artery morphology. In our case, we examine a patient exhibiting complex aberrant right coronary artery – a rare congenital heart defect. Pre- and post-procedural imaging was acquired from this case, and subsequent three-dimensional (3D) anatomical models were created. These models were used postoperatively to identify and describe the patient’s disease presentation for the purposes of research and education, and were incorporated into virtual reality (VR) scenes in order to further educational insights.
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Mady, Leila J., Thomas M. Kaffenberger, Katie L. Melder, Paul A. Gardner, Carl H. Snyderman, Shaum Sridharan, and Eric W. Wang. "Anatomic Considerations of Microvascular Free Tissue Reconstruction of Clival Defects: Expanding the Algorithm for Skull Base Reconstruction in Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery." In 30th Annual Meeting North American Skull Base Society. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1702652.
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Cordeiro, Glaucia Mesquita, Katrine Evelen Carole Silva Sousa Cançado, Nilo Antunes Souza Filho, Jessica Mendes Costa Freitas Santos, and José Pereira Guara. "HEREDITARY MULTIPLE EXOSTOSIS: THE ROLE OF THE MASTOLOGIST IN AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH." In Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1072.
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Introduction: Hereditary Multiple Exostosis (HME) is a disorder of the bone metaphysis, transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner, which is genetically heterogeneous and has incomplete penetration in females, characterized by the presence of multiple exostoses (osteochondromas). It can lead to anatomical and functional impairments for the patient that will remain throughout his life, requiring periodic screening of the lesions to identify and treat them early. Although it can be asymptomatic, a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations are found in pediatric patients with this disorder; the therapeutic approach is substantially surgical, while the clinic is still on an experimental level. The questionable pathophysiological aspects of HME remain a subject of study and controversy in the conduct of therapy and treatment. The diagnosis requires regular screening of the lesions through imaging tests, as well as clinical findings such as: pain, which is the main surgical indication; limitation of movement (for example, forearm rotation may be limited by exostoses between the radius and ulna or maximum knee flexion may be limited by exostosis in the popliteal region) and growth disorders. In this work, we will present a case of osteochondroma in rib with invasion of the left breast in a patient with HME, while emphasizing the role of mastology to prevent compromises and preserve breast aesthetics. Case report: A 14-year-old patient, seen at a tertiary hospital in São Luís, with complaints of pain and hardened tumor lesion in the left breast, diagnosed with osteochondroma. The treatment required the performance of a team composed of a thoracic surgeon and a mastologist to obtain results without functional and aesthetic compromise for the patient. The patient had as main complaint the limitation of movement, dyspnea and pain in the region of the lesion. She underwent a surgical procedure that consisted of an incision through the infra-mammary fold, detachment of the gland by the subfascial plane, opening of the pectoralis major muscle, approach of the rib and resection of the lesion without opening the pleura by the thoracic surgeon. The reconstruction of the breast defect was made with local flaps and closed by planes maintaining an adequate cosmetic and functional breast result. In clinical evaluation after the procedure, she had no complaints and no apparent lesions on CT scan. Malignancy of the disease is an important and feared complication, although tumors usually present with low grade, there are clinical signs of malignancy that should be monitored in these patients, such as the growth of exostosis after bone maturity, neuropraxia and symptoms associated with organ pressure close to injuries.