Academic literature on the topic 'Anarchists'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Anarchists.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Anarchists"
1
Dirlik, Arif. "The Path Not Taken: The Anarchist Alternative in Chinese Socialism, 1921–1927." International Review of Social History 34, no. 1 (April 1989): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000009020.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYUntil the late 1920s, anarchism was still a significant presence in Chinese radical thinking and activity, and till the middle of the decade, gave serious competition to the Communists. The essay discusses the nature of the anarchist movement in China, anarchist criticism of Bolshevik Marxism, and anarchist revolutionary strategy and activity during 1921–1927. It argues that while anarchists were quite innovative with regard to revolutionary strategy, their repudiation of organized power deprived them of the ability to coordinate revolutionary activity on a national scale, and what success they achieved remained local and short-lived. Indeed, the Communists were able to make better use of anarchist tactics than were the anarchists themselves. Anarchist critique of power rested on a denial of a center to society (and history). While this undercut the anarchists' ability to organize the revolutionary movement, it is also revealing of a basic problem of socialist revolution: the problem of democracy. In ignoring the anarchist critique of power, the successful revolutionaries deprived themselves of a critical perspective on the problem of socialist revolution, and were left at the mercy of the new structures of power that they brought into existence. Hence the importance of recalling anarchism.
2
Shpayer-Makov, Haia. "The Reception of Peter Kropotkin in Britain, 1886–1917." Albion 19, no. 3 (1987): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4050466.
Full textAbstract:
The period between the early 1880s and the First World War marked the heyday of the British anarchist movement. Anarchism was then a popular topic of discussion. Various newspapers and periodicals expressed interest in the whereabouts and activities of anarchist supporters. Dictionaries and encyclopedias provided detailed information about the anarchist movement. Novels and short stories focused on anarchist figures, while the subject of anarchism arose in parliamentary debates and public speeches.This extensive interest was not, however, beneficial to the movement. Discussions of anarchism usually took place in a hostile context and references to it were abusive. The movement was described as “a malignant fungoid growth … on the body politic,” and its members as “the very dregs of the population, the riff-raff of rascaldom, professional thieves [and] bullies.” Their humanist motivation was either ignored or denied. Violence appeared to be the characteristic mark of both the theory and practice of anarchism. The anarchist golden age “is to be ushered in … by bomb explosions and dynamic outrages … by inflammatory harangues and attempts at ‘expropriation,’ “ claimed the author of the entry “Anarchists and Anarchy” in the 1894 edition of Hazell's Annual. Anarchism was repeatedly defined as “another name for organised crime,” and its promoters were portrayed as “a pack of bloodthirsty and ferocious criminals who prey upon their fellows for their own gain.” Other references lumped all anarchists together as terrorists and denied that they had any program “but murder.” The style varied from rational analysis to emotional outbursts, but the message was the same: anarchism was society's worst enemy and anarchists the “most noxious beasts that have ever threatened civilised society.”
3
Damier, Vadim. "The Genoa Conference of 1922 Through the Eyes of Russian Anarchists." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 2 (2023): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640025099-6.
Full textAbstract:
In the article the author examines the attitude of Russian anarchists and anarcho-syndicalists to the 1922 Genoa Conference and the participation of representatives of Soviet Russia in it. This subject has not received much coverage in the works of anarchism scholars, who have so far focused primarily on the study of the general stance of Russian anarchism towards the Soviet regime and the issue of the New Economic Policy, on the problem of anti-anarchist repressions in Russia and on the ideological and organisational processes in the Russian anarchist emigration. The author made it his task to identify the place that the critique of the “Genoa policy” of the Soviet government enjoyed in the ideological concepts and political work of the anarchists, and to trace the main line of their reasoning. The main source for this article was the original, mainly émigré, press of the Russian anarchists between 1922 and 1923. The author demonstrates that the Russian anarchists' view of the Genoa Conference was primarily determined by ideological motives and their general analysis of the course and fate of the Russian Revolution itself. Being anti-statists, the anarchists had no particular conception of foreign policy and were indifferent to so-called state interests. The “Genoa policy” was perceived by them as a manifestation and confirmation of the new Bolshevik course, in which they saw an orientation towards restoring the positions of private capital within Russia itself and towards subordination to world capital on an international scale. Planned or real concessions on the part of the Soviet delegation at the Conference and repression of Russian anarchists and socialists were, in their eyes, two sides of the “Bolshevik counter-revolution”. The criticism of Bolshevism mounted by the anarchist emigration in connection with and after the Genoa Conference contributed to the demarcation in the international trade union revolutionary-syndicalist movement and the founding of the anarcho-syndicalist International.
4
Bevir, Mark. "The Rise of Ethical Anarchism in Britain, 1885–1900." Historical Research 69, no. 169 (June 1, 1996): 143–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2281.1996.tb01848.x.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In the nineteenth century, anarchists were strict individualists favouring clandestine organization and violent revolution: in the twentieth century, they have been romantic communalists favouring moral experiments and sexual liberation. This article examines the growth of this ethical anarchism in Britain in the late nineteenth century, as exemplified by the Freedom Group and the Tolstoyans. These anarchists adopted the moral and even religious concerns of groups such as the Fellowship of the New Life. Their anarchist theory resembled the beliefs of counter-cultural groups such as the aesthetes more closely than it did earlier forms of anarchism. And this theory led them into the movements for sex reform and communal living.
5
Bantman, Constance. "Reencountering The French Anarchists in London, 1880-1914: Archival and Historiographic Reassessments." Revista Mundos do Trabalho 14 (August 8, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-9222.2022.e89542.
Full textAbstract:
This article follows up on the book The French Anarchists in London, 1880-1914 (2013), by exploring some primary material uncovered since this publication, and considering the ways in which research into the history of anarchism as a transnational movement has evolved. In the years since the publication of this book, a great deal of research has furthered or challenged its findings, especially in relation to print culture and the study of global anarchist networks. The mass digitisation of periodicals (both anarchist and mainstream) and archives in the last ten years offers new tools to find detailed information about the personal and political lives of these elusive anarchists in London – and further afield, thus rectifying the original study’s London-centric focus. These sources are also crucial in documenting the ways in which anarchists were perceived and portrayed in Britain, France and internationally, and constructed into a major public threat through media discourse.
6
Miller, David W. "The Social Prison: Ursula K. Le Guin’s The Dispossessed as Postanarchist Critical Utopia." Utopian Studies 34, no. 3 (November 2023): 399–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/utopianstudies.34.3.0399.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Ursula K. Le Guin’s classic work of anarchist literature, The Dispossessed (1974), is preoccupied with the issue of imprisonment. This is hardly surprising given anarchism’s longstanding critical engagement with the prison as state apparatus. For classical anarchists, the prison represents one of the most vile and visible examples of state repression. However, while the abolition of prisons constitutes one of the fundamental goals of anarchism, the alternatives put forth by classical anarchist thinkers risk perpetuating the underlying power relations of carceral justice by encouraging social shaming and the policing of norms. The anarchist society of The Dispossessed uses these techniques to discourage the accumulation of power in order to create an egalitarian society. Unfortunately, these same techniques encourage a conformity that hinders other anarchist values, such as creativity and individual self-determination. In essence, the anarchist society depicted in the novel replaces the literal prison with a different form of imprisonment—the social prison, which continues the repressive function of the state through different means. By creating an “ambiguous” anarchist utopia, Le Guin anticipates the critiques of classical anarchism formulated by poststructural and postmodern anarchist theorists. These critiques are most evident in the theme of imprisonment that threads throughout the novel.
7
Matyukhin, A., and S. Mezencev. "The "World Revolution" in Russian Anarchism." Journal of Political Research 7, no. 3 (October 17, 2023): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-6295-2023-7-3-45-57.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this article is to identify the specifics of the theory of the "world revolution" in the ideological and political heritage of Russian anarchism. Historical, comparative, hermeneutic methods of scientific research were actively used to write the article. The ideologists of Russian anarchism in their interpretation of the "world revolution" competed with Marxist doctrine, with its popular dialectical theory of socio-economic formations and class struggle, where the final stage of historical progress was to be the achievement of global communism. Rejecting the Marxist concept of "dictatorship of the proletariat", the Russian anarchists proceeded from an alternative methodology that emphasizes the primacy of natural, biological factors of social processes. According to anarchists, the basic factor of progress is the natural inclination of people to solidarity and mutual assistance. Hence the Russian anarchists opposed the natural nature of the evolution of mankind to any "forced" forms of social organization. This applied, first of all, to the institution of the state, regardless of its external form – communist, liberal-democratic, despotic. The basic parameters of the social ideal in the theory of Russian anarchism were the principles of anarchy and freedom, the building of social existence on the basis of self-organization, self-government and a global decentralized confederation structured "from the bottom up". The former territorial and political borders were abolished, nations were abolished. The anarchists saw the achievement of this ideal as an exclusively revolutionary way, gradually embracing all new countries, regions, continents. The article emphasizes the constant appeal of Russian anarchists to the arguments of universal morality - "freedom", "justice", "brotherhood", "justice", "equality" in justifying the need for a world anarchist revolution, which in practice turned into political abstractions with destructive consequences for societies. At the same time, the "secondary" ideology of Russian anarchism as an intellectual product is noted in relation to Marxism and natural science theories of the XVIII-XIX centuries, as well as the tendency of anarchists to utopian thinking, to speculative building of their global social ideal.
8
Zubarev, Ivan Yur'evich. "The disarmament of anarchists in the provinces of the Central Chernozem region in the spring of 1918 (based on the materials of the Orel and Voronezh provinces)." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 6 (June 2023): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2023.6.69253.
Full textAbstract:
The article examines the confrontation of the armed anarchist detachments of the "Black Guard" with the Bolsheviks in the spring of 1918. The causes and features of the emergence of anarchist detachments, the position of anarchists in the political arena of the country in 1917 - early 1918 are illustrated. The author gives an assessment of some early Soviet studies on "anarchist uprisings" in the provinces of the Central Chernozem region. After the February and October revolutions of 1917, anarchism in Russia embarked on a new path of development, which was characterized by attempts to unite and create a single combat force to protect the "revolutionary gains" from the interventionists and White Guard forces. The object of the study is the history of the anarchist movement in the Central Chernozem region during the establishment of Soviet power. The subject of the study is the armed actions of anarchists against the authorities in Orel and Voronezh in March-April 1918. The methodological basis is the consideration of historical phenomena and their interrelations in the context of the studied time (the principle of historicism). A comparative historical method was used to establish the similarities and distinctive features of the armed actions of anarchists in Orel and Voronezh. The article attempts to comprehensively study the history of the anarchist movement in the Central Black Earth region. The author analyzes only a small fragment of this topic. The spring of 1918 was a period of the defeat of anarchist detachments and organizations throughout Russia, these processes took place on the territory of the Central Chernozem region. Based on the works of his predecessors and memoir sources, the features of the defeat of the anarchist detachments in Orel and Voronezh are analyzed. During the analysis, it was possible to demonstrate that the anarchists were only part of the rebel forces, consisting of detachments arriving from the Ukrainian front, dissatisfied with the supply. Some Soviet authors often saw in these speeches a "Socialist-Revolutionary" conspiracy" or assigned the anarchists a leading role, making them the main instigators of uprisings. Which, according to the author, is an erroneous position.
9
Савченко, В. А. "The case of "Sophia" and the question of anarchist expropriation." Problems of Political History of Ukraine, no. 14 (June 12, 2019): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.33287/1199.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the analysis of the events that took place in July 1907 - the anarchists expropriated a large amount of money from the boat «Sofia» in the Black Sea. Considering this event, the author discusses the essence and role of political expropriations during the revolution of the early twentieth century, the peculiarities of the tactics of anarchist groups in Ukraine, the fate of some anarchists and their associations. For the South of Ukraine in 1906-1908 political expropriations were common. The article examinates the robbery of a steamer and a train near Odessa, a bank robbery in Odessa, a robbery of a cash register in Verkhnedneprovsk, carried by anarchists. Such actions were conducted not only by anarchists, but also by Bolsheviks, social revolutionaries and other radicals. The expropriations that were carried out by the Odessa anarchists in July-September 1907 became the last chord of the anarchist practice of «direct actions» that allowed, for some time, to restrain the political horizons of the federation of anarchist-syndicalists and communist anarchists also known as the «Working Group Anarchists in the South» (1907–1910). The theme of the discussion is a question about anarchist expropriation, which some researchers consider only as «criminal gangsterism». The article states that the money that was captured by anarchists, initially, went to purely political actions: the preparation of strikes, the printing of propaganda publications, organizational expenses and the purchase of weapons. After the expropriation on the steamer «Sofia», the anarchists sent part of the money to organize a strike of Odessa sailors and port workers, to organize acts of terror against representatives of the executive and judicial authorities. In the second half of 1907, the anarchist groups showed a tendency for self-provision of revolutionaries – spending money that was captured during the expropriation for personal needs, which led to the disappearance of money, weakening of the activities of anarchist structures, the collapse of anarchist groups. «Money depravity» has become one of the causes of the crisis in the anarchist movement and to the disintegration of individual groups. After a series of high-profile expropriations, the police sent all their forces to search for «malefactors». Many anarchists were arrested, including 14 out of 18 participants in the robbery at Sophia, several people were executed. Chasing of the police led to mass arrests and to the emigration of part of anarchists abroad.
10
Gerasimov, Nikolai I. "History of mystical anarchism (problem of periodization)." Philosophy Journal 15, no. 1 (2022): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-1-161-175.
Full textAbstract:
The article explores the problem of periodization of mystical anarchism. The author suggests that most of the disagreements between modern researchers of the creative heritage of the 20th century anarchist-mystics is related to the absence of any historical and philosophical reference point or scheme. The article suggests viewing the whole history of the development of this phenomenon as an evolution of communities of thinkers who were equally close to anarchist and mystical ideas. Three periods are distinguished: 1) 1905–1907; 2) 1917–1930; 3) 1924–1939. In each period, the author analyzes the ideological principles of a particular community of mystical anarchists, their ability to influence the cultural landscape of their era, and their conceptual relationship with their predecessors/successors. The terms “mystical anarchist” and “anarcho-mystic” are used synonymously in this text. Particular attention is paid to the emigrant period in the history of mystical anarchists (the study is based on the analysis of periodicals of the Russian diaspora in the United States).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Anarchists"
1
Di, Paola Pietro. "Italian anarchists in London (1870-1914)." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2004. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/2586/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a study of the colony of Italian anarchists who found refuge in London in the years between the Paris Commune and the outbreak of the First World War. The first chapter is an introduction to the sources and to the main problems analysed. The second chapter reconstructs the settlement of the Italian anarchists in London and their relationship with the colony of Italian emigrants. Chapter three deals with the activities that the Italian anarchists organised in London, such as demonstrations, conferences, and meetings. It likewise examines the ideological differences that characterised the two main groups in which the anarchists were divided: organisationalists and anti-organisationalists. Italian authorities were extremely concerned about the danger represented by the anarchists. The fourth chapter of the thesis provides a detailed investigation of the surveillance of the anarchists that the Italian embassy and the Italian Minster of Interior organised in London by using spies and informers. At the same time, it describes the contradictory attitude held by British police forces toward political refugees. The following two chapters are dedicated to the analysis of the main instruments of propaganda used by the Italian anarchists: chapter five reviews the newspapers they published in those years, and chapter six reconstructs social and political activities that were organised in their clubs. Chapter seven examines the impact that the outbreak of First World Word had on the anarchist movement, particularly in dividing it between interventionists and anti-interventionists; a split that destroyed the network of international solidarity that had been hitherto the core of the experience of political exile. Chapter eight summarises the main arguments of the dissertation.
2
Boraman, Toby, and n/a. "New left and anarchism in New Zealand from 1956 to the early 1980s : an anarchist communist interpretation." University of Otago. Department of Political Studies, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060830.113811.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis draws upon anarchist communist theory in order to provide a historical account of the New Left and the anarchist movement in New Zealand from 1956 to the early 1980s. This account explains, describes and evaluates critically these movements.
The praxis of the New Left and the anarchist movement can be explained by a variety of social, economic, political, cultural and psychological factors. However, overall, it is argued that these movements were largely shaped by the underlying antagonisms of global capitalism. Because the New Left emerged during a lull in working-class self-activity, the politics of the early New Left and the anarchist movement from 1956 to the late 1960s were generally reformist and quietist. The later New Left emerged during a global resurgence in class-struggle from 1968 to the early to mid 1970s. Consequently, the demeanour of the later New Left and anarchism during this period was boisterous and ebullient.
The New Left in New Zealand was unique in that, compared with the New Left overseas, its major organisations were neither campus-based nor dominated by students. It consisted of young workers and students who jointly established numerous small affinity groups. The early New Left was less action-oriented than the later New Left. It was formed by dissidents from the Old Left and was closely associated with anti-nuclear protest. The later New Left issued from the more confrontational wing of the anti-Vietnam War and anti-apartheid movements, and then dispersed into various new social movements from the early 1970s onwards. The anarchist movement of the 1960s and 1970s was intimately interrelated with the New Left, and hence shared most of its characteristics.
This work employs anarchist communism as a theoretical tool to evaluate critically the innovations and limitations of the New Left and the anarchist movement. In particular, the class-based "non-market" anarchist communist theory of Peter Kropotkin is utilised. The main criterion used for judging the New Left and anarchist movement is their emancipatory capacity to spark a process whereby the underlying social relations of capitalism are fundamentally transformed.
The key strengths of the New Left and the anarchist movement were their sweepingly broad anti-authoritarianism, their festive politics and their focus upon everyday life. The primary weakness of these movements was their isolation from the working-class. The New Left concentrated on supporting nationalist struggles overseas and mostly overlooked domestic class-struggle. Numerous New Leftists and anarchists championed self-management yet did not question the market and the wage-system. This thesis highlights the complexities of the New Left. For instance, the later New Left was genuinely anti-disciplinarian yet often supported totalitarian Stalinist regimes overseas. As a result, it is argued that the New Left was paradoxically both anti-authoritarian and authoritarian.
It is claimed that an updated anarchist communism, integrating the best qualities of the social movements of the 1960s and 1970s with classical anarchist communism, is highly relevant today because of the rise of neo-liberalism and the anti-capitalist movement, and the demise of Stalinism and social democracy.
3
Simões, Gustavo Ferreira. "O desconcerto anarquista de John Cage." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20153.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-06-12T12:41:55Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Gustavo Ferreira Simões.pdf: 8116368 bytes, checksum: 0439c61cff6b118ec6caa1d0492422a2 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-12T12:41:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Ferreira Simões.pdf: 8116368 bytes, checksum: 0439c61cff6b118ec6caa1d0492422a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-02
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
In 1988, John Cage invented Anarchy, an experimental-writing book in which he praised the lives of anarchist women and men who had influence his anarchist ethicalaesthetical trajectory from mid-1940s to the 1990s. This influence was explicit until the last of his works, entitled “number pieces” (1987-1990), in which he presented what he called the “anarchical harmony”. During the 1940s, John Cage, by then an already famous artist after his “prepared piano”, started experiencing anarchism as a life practice in contact with artists and militants in the Black Mountain College and with The Living Theatre troupe in New York. In 1952, his piece 4’33” appeared as an anarchist-oriented direct action against the musical representations of sounds and in favour of the incorporation of noises excluded from the concert rooms. The following decades, living alongside artists and anarchists in the country side location of Stonypoint, Cage started publishing ‘how to improve the world (you only make matters worse), a diary kept from 1965 to 1982 in which he engaged with Henry David Thoreau’s writings, and antimilitary and ecological concerns. Although absent of almost all biographies and studies on Cage’s work, the artist experimented the anarchism in a fashion Edson Passetti calls “pathway heterotopies”. Beyond the book Anarchy and other explicit antiauthoritarian works, Cage lively experienced anarchy in the singular way he faced his existence, making out of the everyday life an invention in which he affirmed an otherwise path. According to Foucault, the cynical philosophers valued that notion to distinguish their scandalous lives from the other ones that reify regular values and conventions. This dissertation followed this path by establishing the reverberations between John Cage and the contemporary anarchist attitudes
Em 1988, John Cage inventou Anarchy, livro em que, a partir de escritos experimentais, valorizou as vidas de mulheres e homens anarquistas que marcaram seu percurso ético-estético libertário desde meados dos anos 1940 até a década de 1990, quando em seus últimos trabalhos, “number pieces” (1987-1992), apresentou o que denominou “harmonia anárquica”. Foi a partir da coexistência com artistas e militantes na Black Mountain College, no final da década de 1940, assim como em Nova York com o The Living Theatre (TLT), que o artista já conhecido por seu corajoso “piano preparado” passou a elaborar o anarquismo como prática de vida. “4’33” (1952), ação direta contra a representação musical dos sons e em favor da incorporação dos ruídos excluídos pelas salas de concerto, irrompeu empolgada por essa aproximação libertária. Nas décadas seguintes, vivendo ao lado de artistas e anarquistas, afastado da cidade, em Stonypoint, iniciou a publicação de how to improve the world (you only make matters worse) (1965-1982), diário mantido por mais de quinze anos e no qual apresentou a lida com os escritos de Henry David Thoreau, preocupações antimilitares e ecológicas. Apesar de quase ausente das biografias e estudos sobre o trabalho do artista, John Cage experimentou o anarquismo como o que Edson Passetti definiu heterotopias de percurso. Assim, para além de Anarchy e de obras nitidamente antiautoritárias, o artista realizou a anarquia na maneira própria de levar adiante a existência, fazendo da vida também uma invenção, afirmando um caminho outro, noção valorizada pelos filósofos cínicos, segundo Michel Foucault, para diferenciar o traço de vidas escandalosas daquelas que reiteram convenções e valores usuais. Foi este o caminho que esta tese acompanhou, estabelecendo reverberações de John Cage em atitudes anarquistas contemporâneas
4
Van, Dixhoorn Chad B. "Anglicans, anarchists and the Westminster Assembly the making of a pulpit theology /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2000. http://www.tren.com.
Full text
5
Braga, Francisco Victor Pereira. "Pedro Augusto Motta: MilitÃncia LibertÃria e Verbo de Fogo." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11087.
Full textAbstract:
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorO presente estudoÂse debruÃaÂsobre a trajetÃria militante do anarquista Pedro Augusto Motta, cuja vidaÂÃ marcada por significativa atuaÃÃo sociopolÃtica no Brasil das primeiras dÃcadas do sÃculo XX. Ao estudar as dimensÃes de sua vida militante, discute-se, de forma articulada, o movimento operÃrio, o anarquismo e a militÃncia libertÃria, particularmente nas cidades de Fortaleza e SÃo Paulo. Analisando a trajetÃria do personagem em diÃlogo com as experiÃncias militantes de seu tempo, no Ãmbito das prÃticas e sociabilidades anarquistas, em um perÃodo compreendido entre o ano de 1894 e 1927, o trabalho discute a circulaÃÃo das ideias novas, situando o tipÃgrafo Pedro Augusto Motta em relaÃÃo a uma geraÃÃo de jovens militantes e trabalhadores de ofÃcios vÃrios, em Fortaleza, bem como, sua adesÃo ao sindicalismo de resistÃncia, a escrita militante na imprensa libertÃria e a propaganda do anarquismo e do sindicalismo revolucionÃrio. Em destaque,Âa militÃncia do libertÃrio cearense em SÃo Paulo, onde se torna membro do grupo editor dâA Plebe e do Centro LibertÃrio Terra Livre. O estudo aborda tambÃm, no contexto de intensa repressÃo dos inÃcios dos anos 1920, a prisÃo e o desterro de Pedro Augusto Motta no campo de concentraÃÃo da ClevelÃndia do Norte, no Oiapoque.
The present research covers the militant trajectory of the anarchist Pedro Augusto Motta, whose life is marked by significant sociopolitical acting in Brazil during the first decades of the 20th century. On studying the dimensions of his militant life, it is discussed the labor movement, the anarchism and its militancy articulately, particularly in the cities Fortaleza and SÃo Paulo. Analyzing the trajectory of such a character and his dialogue with the militant experiences in his time, within the ambit of the anarchist practices and sociabilities over a span between 1894 and 1927, this work discusses the circulation of new ideas which situated the typographer Pedro Augusto Motta in relation to a generation of young militant and workers of various crafts, in Fortaleza, as well as his adherence to resistance syndicalism, militant writing on anarchist press and anarchist and revolutionary syndicalism propaganda. It also highlights his militancy in SÃo Paulo, where he became member of Centro LibertÃrio Terra Livre and part of the editor group of A Plebe newspaper. Considering the context of intense repression in the early twenties, the study also deals with the prison and deportation of Pedro Augusto Motta to a concentration camp in ClevelÃndia do Norte, Oyapoque, Amazon forest.
6
Jutila, Alexander Lee. ""An Abyss of Anarchy, Nihilism, and Despair"| Historical Representations of Anarchists in Britain." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13419186.
Full textAbstract:
Studies on historical representations of anarchists tend to focus on terrorist depictions and how they compare to the actual activities of the anarchist movement. Using British print media, this thesis explores other political, cultural, and social representations of anarchists in an effort to expand the field beyond a strict focus on terrorism. In addition, this thesis will also investigate the ways Cesare Lombroso and Havelock Ellis shaped discussions of anarchists in the British public sphere.
7
Giombolini, Alecia Jay. "Anarchism on the Willamette: the Firebrand Newspaper and the Origins of a Culturally American Anarchist Movement, 1895-1898." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4471.
Full textAbstract:
The Firebrand was an anarchist communist newspaper that was printed in Portland, Oregon from January 1895 to September 1897. The newspaper was a central catalyst behind the formation of the culturally American anarchist movement, a movement whose vital role in shaping radicalism in the United States during the Progressive Era has largely been ignored by historians. The central argument of this thesis is that the Firebrand publishers' experiences in Gilded Age Portland shaped the content and the format of the newspaper and led to the development of a new, uniquely American expression of anarchism.
Anarchism was developed in response to the great transformations of the nineteenth century and the anxieties of a society that was being entirely restructured as industrialization and urbanization took hold across the globe. The anarchism of the Firebrand was a regional response to these same changes, an expression of radical discontent at the way in which life in Portland and the Pacific Northwest was rapidly changing. According to the Firebranders, the region had transformed from a place of economic opportunity and political freedom into a region driven by economic and political exploitation. Thus, the newspaper developed a uniquely western American perspective and expressed a formation of anarchist communism that was steeped in the history and culture of the United States. The newspaper was just as influenced by centuries of American libertarian activism as it was by outright anarchist philosophy. As a result, the newspaper frequently included articles about free love and women's rights, issues outside of the typical purview of anarchist communist political philosophy. This Americanized expression of anarchist communism allowed the newspaper to expand beyond the movement's core urban, immigrant audience and attract culturally American, English-speaking radicals to the cause.
In the Fall of 1897, after two years and eight months in publication, three of the Firebrand publishers were arrested for the crime of sending obscene materials through the mail. The Firebrand's frank discussions of sexuality, women's rights, and free love offended the local censor and gave law enforcement an excuse to prosecute Portland's anarchists. The ensuing trial would result in the newspaper's closure. Nonetheless, a new intellectual movement had been established, and though the movement would remain small, it would play a disproportionately large role in shaping radical American politics and culture for the next two decades.
8
Gindt, Dirk. "Playing activists and dancing anarchists : men and masculinities in cultural performances in contemporary Sweden /." Stockholm : Department of Musicology and Performance Studies, Stockholm University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7058.
Full text
9
Purchase, Graham School of Philosophy UNSW. "Peter Kropotkin: ecologist, philosopher and revolutionary." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Philosophy, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20436.
Full textAbstract:
The Problem Investigated: This thesis is conceived as: [1] a work of scholarship and exegesis [2] an examination of more recent scientific works which use similar metaphors or concepts, eg. Cooperation, that are central to Kropotkin's thinking. As a work of scholarship and exegesis this thesis is an attempt to present the many areas/dimensions of Kropotkin's philosophy and thinking in a systematic way. I do not believe that this has been attempted previously in any language. Although his political, social and economic theories have generated a substantial secondary literature, Kropotkin's scientific works and philosophy of science, with the exception of his famous book, Mutual Aid, have received virtually no attention. In consequence of this the emphasis of this work will be upon his scientific writings. However, his political writings will also be examined as well as related to his broad scientific outlook. In addition to evaluating Kropotkin's scientific works in relation to his period I also discuss them in relation to contemporary debates. Although not strictly true, the second half of this thesis is not a work of historical scholarship but an attempt to bring together the ideas of scientists that in one way or another support a Kropotkinesque characterisation of natural processes. Although Kropotkin is often rightly regarded as a founder of modern environmentalism, this is difficult to substantiate from his purely political and social writings. Thus I will attempt to present the core concepts of Kropotkin's anarchism in a coherent and succinct way with an emphasis upon showing how they relate to contemporary debates and perspectives within the environmental movement. The Procedures Followed: The thesis will be introduced biographically. This seemed the best way to introduce Kropotkin's works to the reader and place them in relation to one another and in their historical context. Thus the primary purpose of this historical section is to contextualise the great diversity of works by Kropotkin. As I do not have a science background, but also for reasons of clarity, the remainder of the analysis shall be based upon the least technical and most accessible scientific literature in the various disciplines investigated. I will begin by systematically collecting, cataloguing and analysing both Kropotkin's works as well as the secondary literature and then proceed to make some overall sense of them and then relate them to contemporary debates upon process and organisation in nature and society. The General Results Obtained: My research has revealed a large body of scientific work by Kropotkin. My analysis of them shows that he had a deep understanding of the role of mutualism, symbiosis, dynamism, group and social behaviour etc., in relation to physical and biological processes. His ideas, although necessarily containing errors, are broadly, as well as in many detailed aspects, consistent with the findings of professional, though often unorthodox, scientists of the present day. The main faults of Kropotkin's approach was a fundamental failure to appreciate the role of territories and hierarchies in animal groups and his excessive progressivism. My research also reveals how Kropotkin's social vision, although somewhat utopian, can be sympathetically interpreted in terms of modern environmentalist perspectives. The Major Conclusions Reached: Kropotkin's diverse works in science and social theory when presented systematically reveals that he is a philosopher of considerable interest in respect to both contemporary and historical debates concerning sociality and its influence upon the evolution of life on Earth.
10
Viana, Allyson Bruno. "Anarquismo em papel e tinta: imprensa, ediÃÃo e cultura libertÃria (1945 - 1968)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13234.
Full textAbstract:
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorEsta tese tem por objetivo investigar a presenÃa do anarquismo - seu ideÃrio e prÃticas - no Brasil, no perÃodo compreendido entre a queda do Estado Novo, em 1945 e a decretaÃÃo do Ato Institucional n 5, em 1968. A partir de um estudo sobre os impressos libertÃrios, sobretudo jornais e livros, procuramos dimensionar seu papel enquanto estratÃgias de educaÃÃo e autoformaÃÃo entrelaÃados ao projeto mais amplo de difusÃo da cultura libertÃria. Assim, o estudo insere-se no campo da histÃria do livro, dos impressos e da leitura, donde a influÃncia central das anÃlises sobre as variadas prÃticas de leitura e sua circulaÃÃo, enfocando a experiÃncia do movimento anarquista no Brasil e pondo em discussÃo as peculiaridades de sua reorganizaÃÃo apÃs um perÃodo de exceÃÃo, bem como a tentativa de inserÃÃo pÃblica num momento de reconquista de liberdades polÃticas formais.
The thesis aims to investigate the presence of anarchism - its ideas and practices - in Brazil, between the end of the Estado Novo in 1945 and the enactment of the Institutional Act No. 5, in 1968. From a study of libertarians printed, especially press and books, we seek to scale their role as learning strategies and self-education interwoven into the broader project of disseminating libertarian culture. So the study falls within the field of book history, the printing and reading, where the central influence of analysis on the varied reading practices and their circulation, focusing on the experience of the anarchist movement in Brazil and discussing peculiarities of its reorganization after an dictatorship period as well as the attempting to public insertion in a moment of regaining formal political freedoms.
Books on the topic "Anarchists"
1
Cleyre, Voltairine De. D'espoir et de raison: Écrits d'une insoumise. Montréal, QC: Lux, 2008.
Find full text
2
George, Woodcock. Anarchism and anarchists: Essays. Kingston, Ont: Quarry Press, 1992.
Find full text
3
Eltzbacher, Paul. The great anarchists: Ideas and teachings of seven major thinkers. Mineola, N.Y: Dover Publications, 2004.
Find full text
4
Malatesta, Errico. Anarchy. Liverpool: Janus, 1985.
Find full text
5
Baldelli, Giovanni. Social anarchism. New Brunswick, NJ: AldineTransaction, 2009.
Find full text
6
Finzi, Paolo. Emilio Canzi: An Anarchist Partisan in Italy and Spain. London: Kate Sharpley Library, 2006.
Find full text
7
Auzias, Claire. Claire l'enragée: L'anarchisme en personnes : entretien avec Claire Auzias. Lyon: Atelier de création libertaire, 2006.
Find full text
8
Leroy, Max. Emma Goldman: Une éthique de l'émancipation. Lyon: Atelier de création libertaire, 2014.
Find full text
9
Ferretti, Federico. Anarchici ed editori: Reti scientifiche, editoria e lotte culturali attorno alla Nuova geografia universale di Élisée Reclus (1876-1894). Milan, Italy: Zero in condotta, 2011.
Find full text
10
Eltzbacher, Paul. Der Anarchismus: Eine ideengeschichtliche Darstellung seiner klassischen Strömungen. 2nd ed. Berlin: Libertad, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Anarchists"
1
Kinna, Ruth. "Conclusion to Part 1." In Kropotkin. Edinburgh University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748642298.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
The pre-eminent position that Kropotkin attained as an exponent of anarchism in anarchism’s second wave explains the exhaustion of his political thought in its post-anarchist third incarnation. Kropotkin achieved canonical status as a classical anarchist. Instead of questioning the premises of this representation of his ideas, third-wave anarchists accepted it and used it against him, rejecting Kropotkin as an exponent of classical anarchism. The most important challenge to this view reverses the judgements of dominant second-wave new anarchists, reinforcing an association with a form of revolutionary politics that the third-wave activists hold at arm’s length. In many ways, Kropotkin emerges as an old man: worthy but out-of-time....
2
Williams, Dana M. "Anarchists as individuals: a micro-structural analysis." In Black Flags and Social Movements. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526105547.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this chapter is to explore the micro-level characteristics of anarchists. How do anarchists today identify socially and politically? What is the class composition of anarchist movements? In recent decades, some observers have claimed that anarchist movements have changed to focus less on economic issues and are more divorced from the working class. Through the analysis of survey responses, this chapter demonstrates that the union membership of anarchists is related to subjective working-class status, age, residence, economic anarchist ideology, anarchist movement participation, and activist identity. While not conclusive or uncomplicated, these findings call into question the claims that all modern movements (including anarchism) are postmaterialist, and emphasize collective cultural identity to the neglect of economic identity and class.
3
Aizman, Ania. "In the Jewish Tower." In With Freedom in Our Ears, 194–216. University of Illinois Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252045011.003.0010.
Full textAbstract:
Writing in the 1920s for a Soviet Russian audience, Semyon Sibiriakov (1888-1937) painted one of the few extant portraits of Jewish anarchist culture told from within the movement: particularly, of post-1905 Jewish anarchism and anarchists in tsarist prisons. His stories show a distinctive aspect of Jewish anarchism: that collective resistance was a continuum ranging from terror to civil disobedience, and from jokes and pranks to historical commemoration and personal eulogy. This chapter discusses Sibiriakov in the context of organizations that harbored anarchists and anarchist writing in the early Soviet period and contrasts his career with that of more famous counterparts, such as Isaac Babel.
4
Porton, Richard. "Introduction." In Film and the Anarchist Imagination, 1–8. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043338.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This introductory chapter provides a brief background of anarchism. The competing varieties of anarchism endeavor to reconcile the seemingly conflicting claims of individual autonomy and collective struggle. Despite significant differences between the classical anarchists, the term “communal individuality” allows one to recognize affinities between the evolving connotations of anarchy embedded in the works — and deeds — of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Mikhail Bakunin, and Peter Kropotkin. In addition, a productive tension between individuality and communal solidarity fuels the fascinatingly contradictory work of two thinkers sometimes not considered part of mainstream anarchism — William Godwin and Max Stirner. In the years since the first edition of this book was published in 1999, the so-called “post-anarchist” turn has posed a challenge, in both activist and academic circles, to the canonical anarchism of Proudhon, Bakunin, and Kropotkin. The book focuses on links between anarchist self-activity and films that not only reflect, but often actively promote, workplace resistance, anarchist pedagogy, and anti-statist insurrections. It also broadens the definition of “anarchist cinema” to include discussion of films not made and produced by anarchists.
5
Prichard, Alex. "The origins of anarchism." In Anarchism: A Very Short Introduction, 1—C1.P62. 2nd ed. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198815617.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This chapter explores the origins and development of anarchism as an ideology. It identifies key classical anarchists and explores their differences in terms of the unique local conditions and ideas that they were challenged to engage. Classical anarchist thought arose out of an engagement with the failures of the French Revolution, the experiences of slavery in the United States and Russia, and in response to the Utopian socialism of Robert Owen and others. Crucially, anarchists rejected the republican idea that freedom was only possible in the state. Anarchists argued that the state and private property were antithetical to freedom from domination, associating both with the enforcement of a new form of ‘wage slavery’.
6
Laursen, Ole Birk. "Anarchy." In Anarchy or Chaos, 223–38. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197752159.003.0017.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This chapter sheds light on the last years of M. P. T. Acharya’s life in Bombay during the early years of the Cold War. After Gandhi’s assassination, Gandhians abandoned the principles of pacifism, according to Acharya. Instead, Acharya found an outlet for his pacifism in French anarchist-pacifist periodicals, continued to connect with anarchists worldwide, and drew on this network for contributions when he and D. N. Wanchoo wanted to start a new anarchist publication in India. Poor health, poverty, and the tragic death of his wife, Magda Nachman, in February 1951 put an end to the project and, as the chapter makes clear, an end to India’s own anarchist periodical. Instead, Acharya challenged Lotvala’s individualist libertarianism and embraced the ‘near-anarchists’ around the Harijan group. As the chapter ultimately concludes, the key figures around the Harijan group and the Bhoodan movement, K. G. Mashruwala, Vinoba Bhave, and Maganbhai P. Desai, were approaching anarchism, partly through Acharya’s ideas, and Acharya found an Indian expression of anarchism through the periodical. The tragic death of Acharya in March 1954, the book concludes, also meant the death of anarchism in India.
7
McLaughlin, Paul. "Anarchism, Anarchists, and Anarchy." In The Routledge Handbook of Anarchy and Anarchist Thought, 15–27. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315185255-1.
Full text
8
Meléndez-Badillo, Jorell A. "The Anarchist Imaginary." In Writing Revolution, 177–93. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042744.003.0011.
Full textAbstract:
Max Nettlau’s publications became key documents for the study of Latin American anarchism and radical history. Nettlau considered Hispanic anarchists in the United States as an integral part of the Latin American anarchist imaginary. This chapter explores Nettlau’s correspondence with two anarchist activists, José Lóuzara de Andrés (1891-1973) from Steubenville, Ohio, and Enrique Nido (1884-1928) from Rosario, Argentina. Albeit incomplete, Nettlau’s intellectual project not only helped shape anarchist historiography in the Americas it became one of the largest collections of anarchist documents now housed at the International Institute for Social History (IISH).
9
"Power, Authority, Domination Amedeo Bertolo (1983)." In Thinking as Anarchists, edited by Giovanna Gioli, Hamish Kallin, Giovanna Gioli, and Hamish Kallin, 69–89. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474483131.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
First published in 1983, this influential essay deals with the crucial problem of defining what anarchists mean when they talk about “power”. Bertolo highlights the need to go beyond pragmatic/heuristic definitions and unpack the complex conceptual knot of power, engaging with both historical and etymological aspects on the semantics of power. Whilst anarchism can be considered the most radical critique of domination to date both in theory and practice, a theory of power is still missing from the anarchist intellectual imaginary. Bertolo breaks down the concepts into three notions: power, domination, and authority, and tries to answer the question: to what extent does power include functions which belong specifically to a relationship of domination? Drawing from anthropology, biology, and political thought, Bertolo develops some intriguing hypotheses on the genesis of domination in human history and on the relationships between domination and power and their implications for anarchism.
10
"The Importance of Thinking as Anarchists." In Thinking as Anarchists, edited by Giovanna Gioli and Hamish Kallin, 3–37. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474483131.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This introduction explains the importance of the 1984 international gathering of anarchists in Venice and grounds Volontà in the history of 20th century anarchism. After May 1968 and the militant radicalism in 1970s Italy, the leading intellectuals of the international anarchist movement were trying to think through “what now?” Anarchism, like the revolutionary left more broadly, was caught between a series of epochal shifts. The early 1980s saw the onset of what we would now call “neoliberalism”, entailing a dramatic transformation of the role of the state, work, rates of inequality, and the rise of consumerist individualism. Industrial employment went into freefall across the Global North, reconfiguring the global geographies of exploitation and class. Anarchism itself endured an existential challenge, subsumed in its political form under the so-called “new social movements”, with the ecological and feminist movements in particular taking the lead. These issues are not historical curiosities: the essays in this volume have lost none of their power in attempting to address these paradoxes not only in theory, but with the urgency of renewing a sense of what anarchism is (and could be) within a libertarian movement that can realistically strive to change the world.
Conference papers on the topic "Anarchists"
1
Gabel, Moshe, Daniel Keren, and Assaf Schuster. "Anarchists, Unite." In KDD '17: The 23rd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3097983.3098092.
Full text
2
Gupta, Abhishek K., and Adrish Banerjee. "Modeling and Analysis of Heterogeneous Traffic Networks with Anarchists and Socialist Traffic." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Networks and Telecommunications Systems (ANTS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ants47819.2019.9117908.
Full text
3
Cârstea, Daniela. "On Anarchism – Discourse Analysis." In 3rd International Conference on Modern Approach in Humanities and Social Sciences. Acavent, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/3rd.icmhs.2021.02.140.
Full text
4
Lachney, Michael. "Seymour Papert's Constructionism: An Anarchist or Libertarian Tradition?" In 2022 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1890056.
Full text
5
Raha, Mayamin Hamid, Tonmoay Deb, Mahieyin Rahmun, Shahriar Ali Bijoy, Adnan Firoze, and Mohammad Ashrafuzzaman Khan. "CAE: Towards Crowd Anarchism Exploration." In 2020 19th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmla51294.2020.00093.
Full text
6
Kuzmenko, Andrey Dmitrievich, and Ekaterina Fedorovna Pogrebnaya. "Philosophy of anarchism: history and modernity." In Наука, технологии и техника. Нижний Новгород: Научная общественная организация "Профессиональная наука", 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54092/9781387402557_33.
Full text
7
Bowers, David Matthew, and Brian R. Lawler. "Reconciling tensions in equity discourse through an anti-hierarchical (anarchist) theory of action." In 42nd Meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education. PMENA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51272/pmena.42.2020-68.
Full text
8
Tardif, Marie-Pier. "La critique littéraire féminine dans la presse anarchiste : le cas des traductrices de l’Humanité nouvelle." In Théorie littéraire féminine à la Belle Époque. Fabula, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58282/colloques.10975.
Full text
9
Evlampiev, I. "J. G. FICHTE�S PHILOSOPHY AND TRADITION OF RUSSIAN CLASSICAL ANARCHISM." In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/2.2/s09.068.
Full text
10
Ronen, Yotam. ""Only the Free Soul Blossoms!" Ideology and Practice in Anarchist Education: A Global History, 1911–1929." In 2023 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/2015031.
Full textReports on the topic "Anarchists"
1
Giombolini, Alecia. Anarchism on the Willamette: The Firebrand Newspaper and the Origins of a Culturally American Anarchist Movement, 1895-1898. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6355.
Full text
2
Rada, Péter, and Péter Stepper. A liberális rend szürRealizmusa: amerikai belpolitikai trendek, választások és külpolitikai várakozások. Külügyi és Külgazdasági Intézet, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2023.03.
Full textAbstract:
Az USA különleges helyet foglal el a nemzetközi rendszerben. Mégis a történelmi fejlődést és az anarchikus nemzetközi rendszer logikáját tekintve az Egyesült Államok dominanciája kivételt jelent. Kivétel, mert a realista szemszögből megfogalmazott amerikai érdekek egybeestek a (neo)liberális rend megerősítésének és fenntartásának igényével. Manapság egyre több szó esik róla, hogy mi lesz ezzel a (neo)liberális világrenddel. Trump neoizolacionalista politikája után Biden meghirdette a visszatérést a multilaterális rendszerbe, de nagyon hasonló problémákkal kell szembesülnie, mint elődjének. A 2022-es félidős választások mérsékelten ugyan, de mégis befolyásolják majd az amerikai külpolitikát, ezt vizsgáljuk meg részletesen.