Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Anaphylaxie'
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Gillis, Caitlin. "Neutrophils in IgG- and endotoxin-induced systemic inflammation : protective or pathological agents ?" Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066279/document.
Full textNeutrophils are agents of protective and pathological inflammation. This thesis work aimed to determine the role of neutrophils during severe, potentially fatal models of systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxemia) or by IgG immune complexes (anaphylaxis). Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that may proceed via IgE- or IgG-dependant pathways. Endotoxemia is a model relevant to inflammation during critical illness. To study neutrophils in vivo, we employed a new mouse model of inducible neutropenia. We found, surprisingly, that neutrophils and neutrophil-derived MPO protect against the severity of endotoxic shock, independently of the microbiological environment, suggesting that neutrophils limit inflammation during endotoxemia. Conversely, neutrophils can contribute to IgG-induced anaphylaxis in mice. As mice and human IgG receptors (FcγR) are very different, we developed a novel mouse strain in which targeted insertion of human FcγR into the murine loci recapitulated hFcγR expression. Herein, using these mice, this work demonstrates that anaphylaxis induced by hIgG proceeds within a native context of activating and inhibitory hFcγRs, and that neutrophil activation via FcγRIIA is a dominant pathological pathway, involving the mediators PAF and histamine. Finally, we describe ongoing development of a mouse model of anaphylaxis in response to Rocuronium, a curare-based neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA). In addition, as part of a collaborative clinical study we analysed blood samples from patients suspected of NMBA-induced anaphylaxis, finding evidence for the activation of a neutrophil- and IgG-dependent axis during human anaphylaxis
Bellou, Abdelouahab. "L' anaphylaxie : approche clinique descriptive et approche expérimentale chez le rat Brown Norway sensibilisé à l'ovalbumine." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN11303.
Full textPaßmann, Benedikt [Verfasser]. "Validierung des Anaphylaxie-Registers / Benedikt Paßmann." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075493358/34.
Full textGallimidi, Emmanuel Mertes Paul Michel. "Dosage de la tryptase totale chez des patients en état de défaillance cardiocirculatoire : anaphylaxie versus non-anaphylaxie." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2006_GALLIMIDI_EMMANUEL.pdf.
Full textEckermann, Oliver [Verfasser]. "Notfalldiagnostik und Akutversorgung der Anaphylaxie / Oliver Eckermann." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1170814018/34.
Full textNassiri, Maria. "Herz-Kreislauf-Medikamente als Kofaktoren der Anaphylaxie." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17188.
Full textCofactors contribute to the severity of anaphylaxis, a potential life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction. ACE-inhibitors, ß-blockers and acetylsalicylic acid (asa) are frequently used drugs in cardiovascular therapy. Whether they affect systemic anaphylactic reactions has been addressed within this thesis. To this aim, the passive systemic anaphylaxis model (PSA) was employed here and specially designed to mimic a long term treatment in cardiovascular therapy. The data demonstrate that oral treatment of mice with ramipril or metoprolol alone slightly aggravated anaphylaxis. However, the combination clearly potentiated anaphylactic reactions, which was also confirmed in the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis model (PCA). In line with this, elevated amounts of mast cell (MC) mediators were detected in mice sera upon combined drug treatment. In vitro, FcεRI-mediated histamine release of murine MCs was likewise enhanced by the respective drugs. Pre-treatment of mice with asa aggravated the symptoms of PSA and PCA; simultaneously MC-mediators in sera were elevated. In contrast, FcεRI-mediated histamine release of MCs was reduced by asa in vitro, pointing to an indirect mechanism. Asa reduces prostaglandins (PGs) and increases leukotriene synthesis. The leukotriene antagonist montelukast failed to attenuate PSA, aggravated by asa, suggesting that the pro-anaphylactic effect of asa might be independent of leukotrienes. PGE2 can modulate MC degranulation via EP1-EP4 receptor. Indeed, EP3 and EP4 receptor agonists alleviated anaphylaxis enhanced by asa. Therefore PGE2 might play an important role in the pro-anaphylactic effect of asa. In conclusion, the data demonstrate for the first time that metoprolol and ramipril exacerbate anaphylactic symptoms by a direct increase in MC reactivity. In contrast, asa aggravates anaphylactic reactions by priming MCs through an indirect mechanism. PGE2 is at least partly involved in this process.
Moritel, Marc. "L'anaphylaxie aux corticoïdes : à propos de 4 cas et revue de la littérature." Saint-Etienne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STET6226.
Full textRohrer, Christoph Ludwig. "Anaphylaxie: Klinik, Aetiologie und Verlauf bei 118 Patienten /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
Full textBalbino, Bianca. "Characterizing the role of IgG antibodies in anaphylaxis." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS024.
Full textAnaphylaxis is a severe and potentially fatal allergic reaction. The current paradigm in humans states that anaphylaxis is triggered by allergen-specific IgE antibodies (Abs). Several reports in mice indicate that IgG Abs can also trigger anaphylaxis. The goal of my thesis was to better understand the pathways through which IgG mediate anaphylaxis. We first evaluated this in an adjuvant-free mouse model of active systemic anaphylaxis. We observed a contribution of the 'classical’ pathway mediated by IgE, FcγRI, mast cells and histamine. However, anaphylaxis was largely mediated by an ‘alternative’ pathway driven by IgG, FcγRIII, macrophages and PAF. We then examined whether human IgG can also trigger anaphylaxis. Omalizumab, an IgG1 anti-IgE mAb, has been reported to induce adverse events, including anaphylaxis. We found that Omalizumab forms immune complexes with IgE that engage FcγRs and induce both skin inflammation and anaphylaxis when injected into mice expressing all human FcγRs (hFcγRKI). We then developed an Fc-engineered version of Omalizumab which cannot bind FcγRs, and demonstrated that this Ab is as potent as Omalizumab at blocking IgE-mediated allergic reactions, but does not induce FcγR-mediated anaphylaxis. Finally, I describe ongoing work in a new model of peanut anaphylaxis in which hFcγRKI mice are sensitized with IgG from allergic subjects. Preliminary data indicate that these IgG induce anaphylaxis in this model; Surprisingly, anaphylaxis is increased in mice deficient for all FcγRs. We are now investigating the mechanism(s), in particular the implication of the complement pathway, and the role of the inhibitory receptor FcγRIIB
Gros, Thierry. "Les accidents anaphylactoi͏̈des per opératoires : analyse de 374 bilans réalisés dans le cadre de la consultation d'allergo-anesthésie du C.H.U. Montpellier (1991-1994)." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11160.
Full textFrancuzik, Wojciech [Verfasser]. "Risikofaktoren für eine schwere Reaktion bei Anaphylaxie / Wojciech Francuzik." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1179778987/34.
Full textBeutier, Héloïse. "Plaquettes et neutrophiles : acteurs clés dans le choc allergique dépendant des IgG." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066519/document.
Full textAnaphylaxis is a systemic hyperacute allergic reaction that occurs within minutes and can be fatal. The aim of my PhD project is to investigate the physiopathological mechanisms underlying anaphylaxis induction. The first part of my work focused on the contribution of FcγRs, effector cells and mediators in passive murine models of systemic anaphylaxis induced by the different subclasses of mouse specific IgG ; directed against the same antigen: IgG1, IgG2a or IgG2b. This study demonstrated that FcγRIII, neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages are the key players of anaphylaxis induction whatever the mouse IgG subclasses used. On the contrary, basophil participation and the relative contribution of histamine and PAF are IgG subclass dependent. The second part of this work examined the role of platelets in anaphylaxis using a humanized mouse model. Opposing the murine situation, human platelets express an IgG receptor, FcγRIIA. This receptor has already been identified as a key player in anaphylaxis. Using aggregated human IgG to induce anaphylaxis in mice transgenic for FcγRIIA, we tested our hypothesis that platelets contribute to the initiation and/or the propagation of this reaction. Anaphylaxis in this model was accompanied by a severe thrombocytopenia, the presence of circulating platelet-leukocyte complexes and activated platelets. I further demonstrated that the transfer of platelets or their activated supernatent into resistant mice restored features of anaphylactic shock
Granger, Vanessa. "Etude de la nétose du polynucléaire neutrophile dans deux modèles de réactions allergiques : le choc anaphylactique aux curares et l’asthme." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS364.
Full textNeutrophil netosis consists in the release of extracellular DNA filaments bound to granular proteins, called Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In addition to their anti-infectious role, NETs are emerging actors of many inflammatory diseases and we decided to investigate their involvement during allergy.In a multicenter clinical study, our team highlighted an alternative mechanism of anaphylaxis to neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) involving neutrophils (PN). The acute phase of these reactions is characterized by NETs release which level is correlated with severity and with a decrease in IgG activating receptors (FcγRs) expression on PN; this suggests a role of immune complexes (IC) IgG / NMBA in NETs formation during these anaphylactic reactionsTo confirm this hypothesis, the ability of IgG ICs to activate netosis was studied through the development of an in vitro stimulation model of purified human PNs.This work shows that two PN IgG receptors (FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIB) contribute to NET release upon cellular activation by different ICsIn parallel, NETs formation has been explored in a model of chronic allergic reactions, asthma. At systemic level, NETs levels are associated with severe and poorly controlled asthma as well with the presence of low reversible bronchial obstruction. Conversely, NETs levels in bronchoalveolar lavage are higher in moderate asthma and appear to reflect pulmonary recruitment and activation of PN in response to microbial colonization.Taking together these results show that NETs are released during the two selected models of allergic reactions : acute (NMBA anaphylaxis) and chronic (asthma) and could be used as biomarkers of severity. Furthers works are needed to determine to what extent NETs contribute to the pathophysiology of allergy
Guntz, Julien Dudek Frédéric. "Revue de la littérature, enquête de pratique et procédures opérationnelles standardisées pré-hospitalières des états de choc." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2008_GUNTZ_JULIEN.pdf.
Full textHompes, Stephanie [Verfasser]. "Analyse der Auslöser, Risikofaktoren und Versorgungslage von Anaphylaxie-Patienten / Stephanie Hompes." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1035638312/34.
Full textKamel, Lhoussaïne. "Mise en évidence et caractérisation des IgE spécifiques dans l'allergie aux myorelaxants." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10504.
Full textManegold, Mascha geb Hohenadel [Verfasser]. "Anaphylaxie in der Arztpraxis : Erhebungen bei niedergelassenen Ärzten / Mascha geb. Hohenadel Manegold." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1042657459/34.
Full textBeyer, Kristina [Verfasser]. "Anaphylaxie im Notarzteinsatz : Ergebnisse aus zwei Jahren Datenerhebung in Berlin / Kristina Beyer." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1026264677/34.
Full textBERTRAND, CLAUDE. "Le paf-acether : connaissances actuelles et etude de l'effet de ses antagonistes sur la contraction anaphylactique tracheale chez le cobaye." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR10777.
Full textKassas-Guediri, Asma. "Caractérisation du rôle de la Phospholipide Scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) dans l'activation mastocytaire et les réactions allergiques IgE-dépendantes." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC135.
Full textMast cells are the main actors of hypersensitivity type I (allergie) reactions by the release of proinflammatory mediators following their activation by the high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (FccRI). The laboratory lias identified the Phospholipid Scramblase 1 (PLSCRI) as a new molecular intermediate of FccRI signaling. PLSCR1 amplifies mast tell degranulation and VEGF production by its modulation of the pathway initiated by the tyrosine kinase Lyn. Furthermore, PLSCRI is associated wit Lyn and Syk and it is strongly phosphorylated on tyrosine residue alter aggregation of Feel. We have now characterized the mechanism leading to PLSCRI phosphorylation. We show that the FcRy chain and the Lyn/Syk/Calcium mobilization axis promote PLSCRI phosphorylation. Conversely, the Fyn pathway seems to inhibit this phosphorylation independently of an alteration of Lyn/PLSCRI association. Using plscrl-/- mice, we also confirm the PLSCR1 degranulation amplifier function in vitro in primary culture of bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMCs) previously demonstrated in the rat mast tell line RBL-2H3. Furthermore, in vivo, in a model of passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA), plscrl-, mice appear to be protected from the reaction when compared to WT mice at an optimal dose of antigen. The link between this FccRI-dependent PLSCRI phosphorylation resulting from a complex regulatory mechanism and its signal amplification function remains to be established. However, this study has already allowed a better understanding of the PLSCRI role in FcaRI-dependent mast cell activation in IgE-mediated allergic reactions
Laurens, Gabrielle. "Quinolones et choc anaphylactique : à propos d'un bilan réalisé au Centre régional de pharmacovigilance du Languedoc-Roussillon." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P158.
Full textSeidl, Cornelia [Verfasser], and Axel [Gutachter] Trautmann. "Narkoseassoziierte Anaphylaxie: Bedeutung der Allergiediagnostik für eine erneute Narkose / Cornelia Seidl ; Gutachter: Axel Trautmann." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1241965587/34.
Full textEstingoy, Pierrette. "Charles Richet et la découverte de l'anaphylaxie : histoire d'un prix Nobel de médecine." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1M314.
Full textBidon, Jean-Claude. "Modifications de la reactivité des fibres musculaires lisses dans l'hypersensibilité de type i." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT13VS.
Full textGazit, Salomé. "Regulation of vascular development and homeostasis by platelet-derived Sphingosine 1-Phosphate." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05T035.
Full textNassiri, Maria [Verfasser], R. [Akademischer Betreuer] Lucius, W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Uckert, and M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Worm. "Herz-Kreislauf-Medikamente als Kofaktoren der Anaphylaxie / Maria Nassiri. Gutachter: R. Lucius ; W. Uckert ; M. Worm." Berlin : Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1069896179/34.
Full textSchallmayer, Sabine [Verfasser]. "Durchführung und Analyse einer Anaphylaxie-Patienten-Schulung im Rahmen einer randomisierten nationalen Multicenter-Studie / Sabine Schallmayer." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/106882591X/34.
Full textDavid, Olivier. "Choc anaphylactique au paracétamol." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25072.
Full textBerdou, Christine. "Le choc anaphylactique médicamenteux : à partir d'une étude faite à Saint-André de 1980 à 1988." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25178.
Full textConde, García Eva. "Anti -IL-4, -IL-13 and -IgE vaccination for the treatment of allergic diseases." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses-intra.upmc.fr/modules/resources/download/theses/2020SORUS011.pdf.
Full textAllergies represent major public health problems of increasing prevalence and for which there is still no efficient long-term therapy. IL-4 and IL-13, and IgE play key roles in allergic reactions, and therefore represent good therapeutic targets. These targets have been clinically validated with approved monoclonal antibodies (mAb). However, use of mAb is limited by high cost and the need to perform repeated injections. Therefore, there is a clear need to improve current strategies in order to reach long term effects. The objective of this thesis was to develop anti-IL-4, anti-IL-13 and anti-IgE vaccines called kinoids, and provide a proof-of-concept of their safety and efficacy. We developed conjugate vaccines against IL-4 and IL-13, and demonstrated their prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in reducing IgE levels, airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia and mucus production in a house dust mite-induced mouse model of asthma without any detectable adverse effect. The human version of the IL-4/IL-13 kinoid was also efficient at neutralizing human IL-4 and IL-13, and reducing IgE levels in mice humanized for IL-4, IL-13 and their common receptor subunit IL-4Ra. In addition, we also developed a conjugate vaccine against human IgE. We showed that this anti-IgE vaccine induces long-term production of anti-human IgE neutralizing antibodies in a novel mouse strain we characterized and which is humanized for IgE and its high-affinity receptor FceRI. Anti-human IgE vaccination reduced hIgE, and fully protected against IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. Altogether, our results showed that vaccination against IL-4, IL-13 and IgE could be a valuable strategy to target allergic disorders
Satina, Nadja [Verfasser], and Claudia [Akademischer Betreuer] Pföhler. "Epidemiologische Untersuchungen zur Insektengiftallergie : Auswertung von 232 Fällen aus dem Anaphylaxie-Register / Nadja Satina ; Betreuer: Claudia Pföhler." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1205735305/34.
Full textPointreau, Yoann. "Etude des sources de variabilité de l'efficacité et des effets indésirables du cetuximab chez les patients traités pour un carcinome épidermoïde de la tête et du cou." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR3311/document.
Full textCetuximab (CTX) is an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody approved in head and neck cancer, which prescription modalities may be improved. After induction chemotherapy (Tremplin study), compared to cisplatin, CTX was less toxic but did not improve larynx preservation. During first infusion, CTX can induce an anaphylaxis reaction due to the presence of preexisting anti-αGal IgE. Predictive assays detecting these IgE were developed and tested in 41 patients, with sensitivity and negative predictive values of 100%. Relationship between serum concentrations and efficacy/toxicity was studied in 34 patients. CTX pharmacokinetics was described using a model combining non-saturable (CL) and saturable (k0) eliminations. Global clearance, which reflects patient exposure, was related to progression free and overall (OS) survivals. Severe radiation dermatitis was also associated with OS. A pharmacokinetic simulation suggests that, in comparison to standard CTX infusion, an infusion every three weeks will lead to similar AUC but to different residual concentrations
Bénard, Magalie. "Étude du rôle des récepteurs des anaphylatoxines C3a et C5a dans le remodelage et le développement tissulaires." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES013.
Full textComplement anaphylatoxines and their receptors, C3Ar and C5aR, play a role in regeneration and ontogenesis. Hepatocytes express C5aR only after inflammatory stress. C5a administration increase the hepatocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo, during liver generation. C3aR and C5aR are expressed in granular neurons of rat cerebellum during development. In vitro, C5aR protects granular neurons against apoptosis induced by lack of substract in medium ; in vivo, sub-dural injection of C5a induces an increase of neuroblast proliferation by a direct action of this peptide on C5aR. C3a injection provokes a decrease of cerebellar external layer and a concomitant increase of internal layer that could be explained by an acceleration of granular neuron migration as measured in vitro by an increase of neuroblast motility
Gouel-Chéron, Aurélie. "Nouvelles approches diagnostiques du choc anaphylactique aux curares." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066289/document.
Full textDiagnosis of intra-anesthetic acute hypersensitivity reactions (AHR) is challenging because of elevated incidences of differential diagnoses. Risk factors remain mostly unknown and there is no reliable clinical sign to help physicians in establishing a rapid diagnosis. In 25% of cases, immunologic exploration cannot identify the culprit agent through the exploration of the IgE-mediated pathway. Several animal and human studies suggest a role of IgG in the physiopathology of anaphylaxis, which could explain these uncharacterized AHR. This PhD has focused on two cohorts of patients: the first cohort allowed the exploration of phenotypic links in relation to bronchospasm occurrence; the second cohort analyzed clinical markers of severe AHR and the alternative pathway involving IgG against neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA). Analysis of risk factors identified a NMBA as the culprit agent of the intra-anesthetic AHR to be the only factor statistically associated with bronchospasm. We propose that a hypocapnia below 20 mmHg may be a novel and useful tool for physicians for the rapid diagnosis of severe intra-anesthetic AHR. Among the second cohort of patients, NMBA-specific IgG were identified and associated with clinical severity, suggesting that they may participate in the severity of NMBA-AHR in association with IgE. The chemical structure of a given NMBA may dictate the mechanism of anaphylaxis to this particular NMBA: an IgE/IgG-pathway for succinylcholine and rocuronium, whereas atracurium may be rather linked to spontaneous histamine release mechanisms. Altogether, our results might improve diagnosis efficacy at the time of the AHR and during immunologic explorations
Tolksdorf, Susanne Julia [Verfasser], Adrian [Gutachter] Loerbroks, and Stephan [Gutachter] Meller. "Nahrungsmittelallergien und Anaphylaxie: Wissen und Einstellung sowie deren Determinanten bei Gastronomie-Mitarbeitern / Susanne Julia Tolksdorf ; Gutachter: Adrian Loerbroks, Stephan Meller." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223167798/34.
Full textKneißl, Daniel [Verfasser], Knut [Akademischer Betreuer] Brockow, and Tilo [Akademischer Betreuer] Biedermann. "Diagnostik und Mechanismen der Anaphylaxie bei Patienten mit weizenabhängiger Anstrengungsanaphylaxie / Daniel Kneißl. Gutachter: Tilo Biedermann ; Knut Brockow. Betreuer: Knut Brockow." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1072757877/34.
Full textFarschtschi, Anna [Verfasser], Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Ring, and Tilo [Gutachter] Biedermann. "Anaphylaxie - Assoziation der Anaphylaxieerfahrungen aus Patientensicht mit Symptomatik und Schweregrad / Anna Farschtschi ; Gutachter: Tilo Biedermann, Johannes Ring ; Betreuer: Johannes Ring." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1144483298/34.
Full textAgulhon, Isabelle. "Mastocytose et anaphylaxie : à propos d'une urticaire pigmentaire compliquée d'un choc anaphylactique provoqué par une piqûre de guêpe d'évolution létale." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11100.
Full textRastogi, Shruti. "The Role of Prostaglandin E2 in causing susceptibility towards Anaphylaxis." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21632.
Full textThe clinical outcome of anaphylaxis (ANA) can be affected by several co-factors. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are well-known co-factors of ANA acting via COX-inhibition. The NSAIDs-mediated mechanisms altering the severity of ANA are not well-defined. It is reported that patients of ASA (NSAID)-hypersensitivity show low levels of the regulatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Moreover, the effectiveness of PGE2 administration in such patients suggests a critical role of PGE2 in ASA hypersensitivity. In addition, patients of ASA-tolerant and ASA-intolerant asthma show variable ANA sensitivities suggesting a role of genetic variation in susceptibility. The aim of this thesis was to study whether and how PGE2 dysregulation predisposes to ANA and whether genetic pre-dispositions affect the PGE2 system and therefore ANA susceptibility. First, sera from ANA patients and healthy individuals were analyzed for PGE2 levels. ANA patients were characterized by reduced PGE2 levels which inversely correlated with the severity of ANA. This disparity was confirmed by differential PGE2 levels between Balb/c and BL/6 strains, two genetic mouse strains frequently employed in allergy research. PGE2 levels in these mice were again inversely related with the severity of ANA. Results were confirmed by in vivo PGE2 stabilization using 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase inhibitor (15-PGDH-I). Pharmacological PGE2 stabilization ameliorated ANA severity in mice. A passive systemic ANA (PSA) model was applied to study the impact of ASA on ANA severity and the role of PGE2 in this context. ASA aggravated ANA by inhibiting COX-1/COX-2, while PGE2 reduced the aggravation through EP receptors 2, 3 and 4. To delineate the underlying mechanisms, murine and human mast cells were used to study the impact of exogenous PGE2 and EP agonists. PGE2 attenuated ANA severity by inhibiting MC activation through EP2 and EP4 receptors and interfering with MC signaling. In summary, this thesis demonstrates that homeostatic levels of PGE2 modulate MC activation and protect against ANA severity. The impact of PGE2 on MC responses and ANA susceptibility is governed by genetic variation. Pharmacological stabilization of PGE2 may prove to be a therapeutic or preventive strategy in the management of high-risk ANA patients.
Laffargue, Vincent. "Le venin d'abeille : de la piqûre à la désensibilisation." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P003.
Full textToupin, Isabelle. "Stratégies de soins infirmiers pour des familles dont un adolescent vit avec l'allergie alimentaire à risque d'anaphylaxie." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25917.
Full textFood allergy has become an increasingly important public health issue that has major psychosocial impact on adolescents and their families. To this day, however, few studies have examined the nursing actions supporting those families on a daily basis. This research aims to explore the nursing strategies that help families with an adolescent at risk for life-threatening anaphylaxis by sharing the perspective of the families and the school nurses. A qualitative design, fourth-generation evaluation by Guba and Lincoln (1989), was used for its hermeneutical and dialectical methodology to explore the perspective of participants and facilitate its consolidation. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews (family, individual and validation) and focus groups with six families with an adolescent diagnosed with severe life-threatening food allergy and six school nurses. During the research, five interviews with other professionals were also conducted. In total, 33 interviews were conducted with all participants. The qualitative data analysis has led to the discovery of the nursing strategies that help families, such as educating the family about habits of vigilance, seeking a satisfactory level of vigilance with the family, enabling family social life and sharing the responsibilities. These nursing strategies that emerge from obtained consensus provide informational and emotional support and encourage social development and collaboration, thus promoting self-confidence and trust in the nurse. Depending on their nature and the timing of their deployment, nursing strategies facilitate the management of a family routine based on habits of vigilance in cooperation with relevant actors. This study, as well as allowing an in-depth examination of nursing actions, proposes nursing strategies that can be used to enrich the current nursing practice to help families coping with severe life-threatening food allergies at risk for anaphylaxis. Keywords: food allergy, anaphylaxis, partnership, collaboration, family, child, adolescent, parent, nurse, nursing care, intervention, qualitative research.
Guzman, Josefa. "Rôle du macrophage et du mastocyte dans l'élimination de Giardia par la souris." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO11678.
Full textNohra, Dunya. "Optimisation des tests de provocation en allergologie médicamenteuse." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS453.
Full textDrug hypersensitivity (DH) including drug allergies is one of the many side effects of medications. The knowledge on DH is both influenced by an under-diagnosis (the non-reporting of the mildest cases) and over-diagnosis, by systematic use of the term "allergy" to symptoms occurring during a course of treatment, whether they are actually evocative of DH or not. A false diagnosis of DH based solely on clinical history may limit the therapeutic indications in patients and lead to a loss of chance through the use of less effective, more dangerous or more expensive drugs. The drug provocation test (DPT) is considered to be the "gold standard" to identify a drug responsible for DH. This work uses an original methodology for the DH field and is part of an evidence-based approach to achieve the optimization of DPT, aimed to both increase patient satisfaction and diminish the costs incurred by the allergy work-up, while preserving the DPT’s safety. I used the 20-year experience in the DAHD, the Drug Allergy and Hypersensitivity Database of the Allergy Unit in Montpellier, France, to retrospectively assess the clinical data, identify cases and extract positive DPT to NSAIDs. I then performed on these positive DPT a survival analysis in order to pass protocols from a stage with purely empirical increments of doses, to data-driven protocols (Article 1) taking into account the specificities related to these drugs (e.g., multitude of molecules involved, each with a clearly different hypersensitive potential). With the conclusions obtained for this first work, for my second paper, I took over already existing raw data related to the team's experience with paracetamol HS, and following a similar methodology, I proposed optimized, shortened thresholds for paracetamol DPT (Article 2)
Eichhorn, Lisa [Verfasser], Knut [Akademischer Betreuer] Brockow, Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Ring, and Ernst J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Rummeny. "Untersuchungen zu Auslösern, Schweregrad und Wertigkeit der Diagnostik bei 270 Patienten mit Anaphylaxie / Lisa Eichhorn. Gutachter: Johannes Ring ; Ernst J. Rummeny ; Knut Brockow. Betreuer: Knut Brockow." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1034134736/34.
Full textEichhorn, Lisa [Verfasser], Knut Akademischer Betreuer] Brockow, Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] [Ring, and Ernst J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Rummeny. "Untersuchungen zu Auslösern, Schweregrad und Wertigkeit der Diagnostik bei 270 Patienten mit Anaphylaxie / Lisa Eichhorn. Gutachter: Johannes Ring ; Ernst J. Rummeny ; Knut Brockow. Betreuer: Knut Brockow." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:91-diss-20130319-1116489-0-0.
Full textRenoult-Litzler, Delphine. "Antibioprophylaxie perpartum : à propos de deux cas de chocs anaphylactiques." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUEM057.
Full textSüß, Helene [Verfasser], Vera [Akademischer Betreuer] Mahler, and Gerold [Gutachter] Schuler. "Kontakturtikaria: Häufigkeit und Prädispositionsfaktoren im Patientenkollektiv der Hautklinik Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, des Informationsverbunds Dermatologischer Kliniken (IVDK) sowie des deutschsprachigen Anaphylaxie-Registers / Helene Süß ; Gutachter: Gerold Schuler ; Betreuer: Vera Mahler." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2020. http://d-nb.info/1205157506/34.
Full textDesquand, Stéphanie. "Etude pharmacologique de l'hypersensibilité immédiate chez le cobaye : rôle du facteur d'activation des plaquettes." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P615.
Full textChausse, Stéphane. "Accidents anaphylactoi͏̈des sévères aprés perfusion d'une gélatine fluide modifiée en solution équilibrée." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M108.
Full textZheng, Feng. "Le choc anaphylactique : de la physiopathologie à la thérapeutique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0063/document.
Full textThe aim of our work was to study new aspects of the pathophysiology and treatment of anaphylactic shock in the Brown Norway rat. The first part of this thesis focuses on the systemic and regional pathophysiology of anaphylactic shock which is accompanied by a rapid decrease in cardiac output, a sudden alteration of autoregulation of cerebral blood flow and a respiratory dysfunction involving swelling of the airways and bronchospasm. The second part of our work focuses on the therapeutic management of anaphylactic shock. Epinephrine was found to be superior to vasopressin, to inhibit bronchospasm and decrease microvascular permeability, allowing a better preservation of the cerebral oxygenation, in particular in the region of the hippocampus. Furthermore, it provided also an alleviation of bronchospasm and of bronchial hyperperméabilté in the early phase of anaphylactic shock. We also compared the effects of three types of fluid therapy administered in combination with adrenaline during anaphylactic shock, demonstrating the superiority of the administration of a macromolecular solution such as HES compared to hypertonic saline fluids. Finally we were able to highlight the usefulness of the administration of methylene blue (3mg/kg) demonstrating the existence of a synergistic effect with adrenaline during anaphylactic shock