Journal articles on the topic 'Analyzer for total volatile organic compounds (TVOC)'
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Piasecki, Michał, Mateusz Kozicki, Szymon Firląg, Anna Goljan, and Krystyna Kostyrko. "The Approach of Including TVOCs Concentration in the Indoor Environmental Quality Model (IEQ)—Case Studies of BREEAM Certified Office Buildings." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 3902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113902.
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The article analyzes the impact of measured concentrations of Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) emissions determined for four BREEAM certified buildings on the Indoor Air Quality Index (IAQindex) and the overall Indoor Environment Quality index (IEQindex). The IEQindex indicates the percentage of building users who are satisfied from the indoor environment. In existing IEQ models, currently the concentration of CO2 is mostly used to evaluate the IAQindex sub-component. Authors point out that it is recommended to use TVOC instead CO2 at pre-occupant stage where building is mainly polluted by emission from finishing products. The research provides the approach where the component related to the emission of TVOCs is implemented to IEQ model. The first stage of assessment was a test of the volatile organic compounds concentrations in case study buildings. Secondly, the analysis results were assigned into the number of dissatisfied users (PD(IAQ)) from the theoretical function given by Jokl-Fanger resulting from the Weber-Fechner equation. Finally, the overall IEQindex was calculated. The IEQ approach proposed in this paper is mainly based on a consideration of EN 15251 and scientifically accepted models.
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Czajka, Magdalena, Beata Fabisiak, and Ewa Fabisiak. "Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds from Heartwood and Sapwood of Selected Coniferous Species." Forests 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11010092.
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The qualitative and quantitative composition of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted from furnishings from solid wood and all kinds of wood derivative materials depends on many factors, of which the most important is the wood species. The intraspecies and interspecies differences in VOC emission result from the differences in the chemical composition and anatomical structure of heartwood and sapwood of different species. VOC composition analysis was performed separately for heartwood and sapwood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) trees. The studies were conducted in a glass climatic chamber of 0.025 m3, equipped with a system for the monitoring and control of climatic conditions. Samples of air for analyses were collected after 3, 7, 14 and 28 days of exposure. The results provided evidence for interspecies and intraspecies differences in the qualitative and quantitative compositions of VOC. The concentration of total VOC (TVOC) released from heartwood of Scots pine was higher than that released from sapwood. For European larch and Norway spruce, the opposite relations were observed. The VOC emission from Scots pine heartwood was about 17 times higher than the emission from European larch and Norway spruce heartwood. The differences in TVOC emitted from the sapwood of samples from different species were smaller. For each of the species, the highest percentage contribution to TVOC was made by terpenes. The second highest percentage contribution in TVOC was made by compounds containing a carbonyl group, mainly aldehydes, while aromatic compounds made the third highest contribution.
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Lappalainen, Saana, Anna-Liisa Pasanen, Pentti Pasanen, and Pentti Kalliokoski. "Production of fungal volatile organic compounds in bedding materials." Agricultural and Food Science 6, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72785.
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The high relative humidity of the air and many potential growth media, such as bedding materials, hay and grains in the horse stable, for example, provide suitable conditions for fungal growth. Metabolic activity of four common agricultural fungi incubated in peat and wood shavings at 25°C and 4°C was characterized in this study using previously specified volatile metabolites of micro-organisms and CO2 production as indicators. The volatile organic compounds were collected into Tenax resin and analysed by gas chromatography. Several microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs), e.g. 1-butanol, 2-hexanone, 2-heptanone, 3-octanone, 1-octen-3-ol and 1-octanol were detected in laboratory experiments; however, these accounted for only 0.08-1.5% of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs). Emission rates of MVOCs were 0,001-0.176 μg/kg of bedding materials per hour. Despite some limitations of the analytical method, certain individual MVOCs, 2-hexanone, 2-heptanone and 3-octanone, were also detected in concentrations of less than 4.6 μg/m3 (0.07-0.31% of TVOC) in a horse stable where peat and shavings were used as bedding materials. MVOC emission rate was estimated to be 0.2-2.0 μg/kg x h-1 from bedding materials in the stable, being about ten times higher than the rates found in the laboratory experiments. Some compounds, e.g. 3-octanone and 1-octen-3-ol, can be assumed to originate mainly from microbial metabolisms.
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Moreno-Rangel, Alejandro, Tim Sharpe, Filbert Musau, and Gráinne McGill. "Field evaluation of a low-cost indoor air quality monitor to quantify exposure to pollutants in residential environments." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 7, no. 1 (May 9, 2018): 373–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-373-2018.
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Abstract. Measurements of temporal and spatial changes to indoor contaminant concentrations are vital to understanding pollution characteristics. Whilst scientific instruments provide high temporal resolution of indoor pollutants, their cost and complexity make them unfeasible for large-scale projects. Low-cost monitors offer an opportunity to collect high-density temporal and spatial data in a broader range of households. This paper presents a user study to assess the precision, accuracy, and usability of a low-cost indoor air quality monitor in a residential environment to collect data about the indoor pollution. Temperature, relative humidity, total volatile organic compounds (tVOC), carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalents, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) data were measured with five low-cost (“Foobot”) monitors and were compared with data from other monitors reported to be scientifically validated. The study found a significant agreement between the instruments with regard to temperature, relative humidity, total volatile organic compounds, and fine particulate matter data. Foobot CO2 equivalent was found to provide misleading CO2 levels as indicators of ventilation. Calibration equations were derived for tVOC, CO2, and PM2.5 to improve sensors' accuracy. The data were analysed based on the percentage of time pollutant levels that exceeded WHO thresholds. The performance of low-cost monitors to measure total volatile organic compounds and particulate matter 2.5 µm has not been properly addressed. The findings suggest that Foobot is sufficiently accurate for identifying high pollutant exposures with potential health risks and for providing data at high granularity and good potential for user or scientific applications due to remote data retrieval. It may also be well suited to remote and larger-scale studies in quantifying exposure to pollutants.
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Raji, W. A., L. A. Jimoda, J. K. Odobor, and A. O. Popoola. "Assessment of Vehicular-Induced Emissions in some Selected Areas in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25, no. 8 (November 30, 2021): 1535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i8.38.
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Vehicular emission is a major environmental health problem in the world today especially in developing countries including Nigeria. This study was centered on assessing the vehicular emissions pollutants such as Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S), Formaldehyde (HCHO) and Total Volatile Organic Compound (TVOC) in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. The sampling of the CO and H2S gaseous pollutants was done using H-4S gas analyzer while JCG60 gas detector was used to measure TVOC and HCHO. The meteorological parameters were measured with HTC-1 hygrometer thermometer. AQI was calculated to determine the status of the ambient air quality of the study areas. Carbon monoxide concentration obtained from the result ranges from 3.12-16.1 ppm with location C having the highest amount of 16.1 ppm which exceeds the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) standard of 10 ppm. The calculated AQI shows that the study areas are all polluted. Continuous measurement and inventory of air pollutants should be encouraged, as this will enable the policymakers to effectively implement control measures on air pollution.
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Jung, Chuloh, and Nahla Al Qassimi. "Investigating the Emission of Hazardous Chemical Substances from Mashrabiya Used for Indoor Air Quality in Hot Desert Climate." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 2842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052842.
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Dubai has the reputation of a continuously growing city, with skyscrapers and mega residential projects. Many new residential projects with poor choices of material and ventilation have led to a faster rise in sick building syndrome (SBS) in Dubai than in any other country, and the IAQ (indoor air quality) has become more critical. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde (HCHO) affect the health of residents, producing the phenomenon known as SBS (sick building syndrome). It has been reported that wood materials used for furniture and wooden windows and doors are a significant source of indoor air pollution in new houses. This paper aims to identify the factor elements emitting harmful chemical substances, such as VOCs and HCHO, from wooden mashrabiya (traditional Arabic window) by examining the characteristics of the raw and surface materials through test pieces. As a methodology, a small chamber system was used to test the amount of hazardous chemicals generated for each test piece. For Total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and HCHO, the blank concentration before the injection and the generation after seven days were measured. The results showed that to reduce TVOC, it is necessary to secure six months or more as a retention period for raw materials and surface materials. The longer the retention period, the smaller the TVOC emission amount. In the case of mashrabiya, an HCHO low-emitting adhesive and maintenance for one month or more are essential influencing factors. It was proven that using raw materials with a three-month or more retention period and surface materials with a one-month or more retention period is safe for indoor mashrabiya. This study is the first study in the Middle East to identify factors and characteristics that affect the emission of hazardous chemicals from wood composite materials, such as wood mashrabiya, that affect indoor air quality in residential projects in Dubai. It analyzes the correlation between emission levels and the retention period of raw and surface materials, in order to provide a new standard for indoor air pollutants.
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Moschetti, Roberta, and Salvatore Carlucci. "The impact of design ventilation rates on the indoor air quality in residential buildings: An Italian case study." Indoor and Built Environment 26, no. 10 (April 11, 2016): 1397–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16643147.
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The paper investigates the effects on building indoor air quality (IAQ) resulting from the choice of different design ventilation rates. A reference residential building was analysed by means of the multizone modelling software CONTAM, by monitoring the concentration of two pollutants: occupant-generated carbon dioxide (CO2) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) from indoor sources. A demand-controlled ventilation strategy based on building occupancy was implemented and users' presence schedules were defined. Specifically, the evolution of indoor pollutant concentrations was investigated when the design ventilation rates, recommended by two IAQ-related standards (the Italian UNI 10339 and the European EN 15251), were implemented through a mechanical ventilation system. Different results regarding the IAQ level were achieved accordingly to the dissimilar ventilation rates. After a statistical analysis on the distributions of CO2 and TVOC concentrations, EN 15251 outcomes showed overall better results of the analysed statistical metrics, i.e. prevalence, sensitivity and accuracy. Indeed, the EN 15251 design airflows led to indoor conditions that were more often classified either in the correct air quality class or in a higher class. Finally, a better alignment between the national and European IAQ standards is recommended, especially in terms of airflows, air quality classes and pollutant limit values.
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Larpruenrudee, Puchanee, Nic C. Surawski, and Mohammad S. Islam. "The Effect of Metro Construction on the Air Quality in the Railway Transport System of Sydney, Australia." Atmosphere 13, no. 5 (May 8, 2022): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050759.
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Sydney Metro is the biggest project of Australia’s public transport, which was designed to provide passengers with more trains and faster services. This project was first implemented in 2017 and is planned to be completed in 2024. As presented, the project is currently in the construction stage located on the ground stations of the Sydney Trains Bankstown line (T3). Based on this stage, several construction activities will generate air pollutants, which will affect the air quality around construction areas. Moreover, it might cause health problems to people around there and also the passengers who usually take the train on the T3 line. However, there is no specific data for air quality inside the train that may be affected by the construction from each area. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the air quality inside the train carriage of all related stations from the T3 line. A sampling campaign was conducted over 3 months to analyze particulate matter (PM) concentration, the main indoor pollutants including formaldehyde (HCHO) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC). The results of the T3 line were analyzed and compared to Airport & South line (T8) that were not affected by the project’s construction. The results of this study indicate that Sydney Metro construction activities insignificantly affected the air quality inside the train. Average PM2.5 and PM10 inside the train of T3 line in the daytime were slightly higher than in the nighttime. The differences in PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations from these periods were around 6.8 μg/m3 and 12.1 μg/m3, respectively. The PM concentrations inside the train from the T3 line were slightly higher than the T8 line. However, these concentrations were still lower than those recommended by the national air quality standards. For HCHO and TVOC, the average HCHO and TVOC concentrations were less than the recommendation criteria.
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Nazir, Amril, Husam Mosleh, Maen Takruri, Abdul-Halim Jallad, and Hamad Alhebsi. "Early Fire Detection: A New Indoor Laboratory Dataset and Data Distribution Analysis." Fire 5, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5010011.
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Fire alarm systems are typically equipped with various sensors such as heat, smoke, and gas detectors. These provide fire alerts and notifications of emergency exits when a fire has been detected. However, such systems do not give early warning in order to allow appropriate action to be taken when an alarm is first triggered, as the fire may have already caused severe damage. This paper analyzes a new dataset gathered from controlled realistic fire experiments conducted in an indoor laboratory environment. The experiments were conducted in a controlled manner by triggering the source of fire using electrical devices and charcoal on paperboard, cardboard or clothing. Important data such as humidity, temperature, MQ139, Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) and eCO2 were collected using sensor devices. These datasets will be extremely valuable to researchers in the machine learning and data science communities interested in pursuing novel advanced statistical and machine learning techniques and methods for developing early fire detection systems. The analysis of the collected data demonstrates the possibility of using eCO2 and TVOC reading levels for early detection of smoldering fires. The experimental setup was based on Low-Power Wireless Area Networks (LPWAN), which can be used to reliably deliver fire-related data over long ranges without depending on the status of a cellular or WiFi Network.
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Zhang, Ming, Wei Yu, Fan Zhi Zeng, Chen Qiu Du, and Xiao Fei Wang. "Analysis of Indoor Air Quality for Residential Buildings in Lhasa, China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.453.
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Adopting the methods of subjective questionnaire and objective test, the indoor air quality (IAQ) of residential buildings in Lhasa were analyzed in summer and winter, and the results were compared with that in Chongqing. Firstly, the data shows that the overall IAQ in Lhasa is better. Excepted total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), the concentration of formaldehyde, carbon dioxide (CO2), PM2.5 are low. Secondly, more than 80% residents accepted the IAQ in Lhasa, which means the satisfaction rate is high. Thirdly, the IAQ in Lhasa is better than that in Chongqing, such that the exceed-standard rate of formaldehyde is only 2.5% in Lhasa, while 85.7% in Chongqing, and residents’ satisfaction rate in Lhasa is higher. Meanwhile, there are some difference about IAQ in different seasons. The overall concentration of indoor pollutants in summer is lower than that in winter, and residents satisfaction rate on the summer IAQ is higher than winter in Lhasa. Finally, the main effect factors on IAQ were analyzed, and some suggestions to improve the IAQ of residential buildings were provided.
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Ilieș, Dorina Camelia, Florin Marcu, Tudor Caciora, Liliana Indrie, Alexandru Ilieș, Adina Albu, Monica Costea, et al. "Investigations of Museum Indoor Microclimate and Air Quality. Case Study from Romania." Atmosphere 12, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020286.
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Poor air quality inside museums is one of the main causes influencing the state of conservation of exhibits. Even if they are mostly placed in a controlled environment because of their construction materials, the exhibits can be very vulnerable to the influence of the internal microclimate. As a consequence, museum exhibits must be protected from potential negative effects. In order to prevent and stop the process of damage of the exhibits, monitoring the main parameters of the microclimate (especially temperature, humidity, and brightness) and keeping them in strict values is extremely important. The present study refers to the investigations and analysis of air quality inside a museum, located in a heritage building, from Romania. The paper focuses on monitoring and analysing temperature of air and walls, relative humidity (RH), CO2, brightness and particulate matters (PM), formaldehyde (HCHO), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC). The monitoring was carried out in the Summer–Autumn 2020 Campaign, in two different exhibition areas (first floor and basement) and the main warehouse where the exhibits are kept and restored. The analyses aimed both at highlighting the hazard induced by the poor air quality inside the museum that the exhibits face. The results show that this environment is potentially harmful to both exposed items and people. Therefore, the number of days in which the ideal conditions in terms of temperature and RH are met are quite few, the concentration of suspended particles, formaldehyde, and total volatile organic compounds often exceed the limit allowed by the international standards in force. The results represent the basis for the development and implementation of strategies for long-term conservation of exhibits and to ensure a clean environment for employees, restorers, and visitors.
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Liu, Lin, Yuehua Jiang, Xun Zhou, Yun Li, Quanping Zhou, Jingwen Su, Junyuan Jia, Guoqiang Yang, and Yang Jin. "Long-Lasting Boiling-Wells: Geochemical Windows into the Tectonic Activity of the Maodong Fault (China)." Water 14, no. 3 (January 29, 2022): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14030427.
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The Maodong Fault (China) was mainly active during the Late Pleistocene. However, in the past century, numerous destructive earthquakes have occurred along the fault zone, indicating its continuing activity. Therefore, refined monitoring of the tectonic activity along the fault is required. Boiling-Wells located in the Maodong Fault Zone were selected for this purpose. The parameters, including the rare earth elements (REE) and gas components, such as CO2, Rn, and Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC), in the wells were analyzed. By combining field observations with the analytical data, we constrained the relationships between the anomalies of the hydrochemical composition and the gas composition in the Boiling-Wells and the Maodong Fault: (1) CO2 and TVOC in the Boiling-Wells originated from Cenozoic magmatism and associated intrusive rocks. High concentrations of Rn are closely linked to tectonic activities of the Maodong Fault. CO2, TVOC, and Rn are all transported to the Boiling-Wells along the Maodong Fault, with CO2 acting as a carrier gas for Rn. (2) REE in the Boiling-Wells was mainly sourced from CO2 fluids that originated from deep-seated Cenozoic magmas and intrusive rocks. The concentrations of the REE and their distribution patterns were controlled by the input of CO2 fluids and by epigenetic processes. (3) The abnormally high contents of Ca2+, HCO3−, Pb2+, and Al3+ in the Boiling-Wells are attributed to the migration of externally-derived (deep) CO2 fluids through the Maodong Fault. (4) The anomalies of the gaseous (Rn, CO2, and TVOC) and hydrochemical components (Ca2+, HCO3−, Pb2+, Al3+, ∑REE, and REE patterns) in the Boiling-Wells are closely related to the tectonic activity of the Maodong Fault. Therefore, the long-lasting Boiling-Wells provide an excellent geochemical window into the evolution of the Maodong Fault. Our study documents that the contents and variations of specific hydrochemical and gaseous components of Boiling-Wells are well-suited geochemical tracers to identify and characterize the tectonic activity of the Maodong Fault. This method is also applicable for the monitoring of tectonic activities of major faults zones with comparable preconditions worldwide.
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Pinto, Lanzinha, Viegas, Infante, and Freire. "Quality of the Indoor Environment in Elderly Care Centers in Two Cities in Central Portugal: Viseu and Covilhã." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 9, 2019): 3801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203801.
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Assessments of Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ) present a very significant challenge when analyses are undertaken mainly in buildings that include a particularly sensitive and vulnerable population, such as elderly people. In order to maintain an indoor environment that is adequate for occupants, it is necessary to comply with a set of requirements (for TVOC, the Portuguese threshold values) regarding concentrations of airborne pollutants and hygrothermal comfort conditions. This paper studies IEQ in compartments in 3 buildings in two cities in central Portugal, Viseu and Covilhã, which hold elderly care centers. The following environmental parameters were continuously recorded: air temperature, relative humidity, concentration of carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, and total volatile organic compounds and ventilation rates. An analysis of the obtained results was performed, taking recommended guidelines and threshold values into account, thus making it possible to evaluate the IEQ conditions and hygrothermal comfort in the selected indoor spaces. On the basis of the conclusions reached and the observed problems of hygrothermal comfort and indoor pollutants in the indoor spaces, a number of recommendations are proposed, specifically in terms of climate control, ventilation, and maintenance, in order to obtain an overall improvement of IEQ.
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Poza-Casado, Irene, Raquel Gil-Valverde, Alberto Meiss, and Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos. "Impact of Air Infiltration on IAQ and Ventilation Efficiency in Higher Educational Classrooms in Spain." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 6875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126875.
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Indoor air quality (IAQ) in educational buildings is a key element of the students’ well-being and academic performance. Window-opening behavior and air infiltration, generally used as the sole ventilation sources in existing educational buildings, often lead to unhealthy levels of indoor pollutants and energy waste. This paper evaluates the conditions of natural ventilation in classrooms in order to study how climate conditions affect energy waste. For that purpose, the impact of the air infiltration both on the IAQ and on the efficiency of the ventilation was evaluated in two university classrooms with natural ventilation in the Continental area of Spain. The research methodology was based on site sensors to analyze IAQ parameters such as CO2, Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC), Particulate Matter (PM), and other climate parameters for a week during the cold season. Airtightness was then assessed within the classrooms and the close built environment by means of pressurization tests, and infiltration rates were estimated. The obtained results were used to set up a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model to evaluate the age of the local air and the ventilation efficiency value. The results revealed that ventilation cannot rely only on air infiltration, and, therefore, specific controlled ventilation strategies should be implemented to improve IAQ and to avoid excessive energy loss.
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Smołka-Danielowska, Danuta, Mariola Jabłońska, and Sandra Godziek. "The Influence of Hard Coal Combustion in Individual Household Furnaces on the Atmosphere Quality in Pszczyna (Poland)." Minerals 11, no. 11 (October 20, 2021): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11111155.
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This study aimed to determine the influence of ashes produced in the combustion of hard coal and eco-pea coal in individual household furnaces on the air quality in the region under analysis. To achieve this objective, we analysed the chemical and mineral composition of ashes, suspended and respirable dusts with particular attention being paid to phases containing potentially toxic elements (PTE) (As, Cd, Pb, Se, Ni, Ba, Tl, S, Th and U), and sulphur. The research methods used included powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Measurements were taken for PM concentrations, total suspended particulate matter (TSP), gaseous TVOC pollutants (volatile organic compounds) and soot at various altitudes and a mobile laboratory with measuring apparatus placed in the basket of a manned hot-air balloon was used for the analysis. The use of Poland’s unique laboratory allowed us to obtain real-time measurements up to an altitude of 1200 m above sea level. Measurements using unmanned units such as drones do not enable such analyses. The research confirmed that PTE concentrations in ash and its mineral composition are varied. The PM10 and PM2.5 ashes are dominated by sodium chloride, particles containing C, and a substance composed of S + C + O + N + Na. Trace amounts of Pb and Zn sulphides are also present.
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Molhave, L., G. Clausen, B. Berglund, J. Ceaurriz, A. Kettrup, T. Lindvall, M. Maroni, et al. "Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) in Indoor Air Quality Investigations*." Indoor Air 7, no. 4 (December 1997): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.1997.00002.x.
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Tan, Hong Ying, De Zhong Zheng, Wen Xiao Xie, and Ya Zhang. "The Determination and Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Public Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.484.
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The total content of volatile organic compounds in public places has very important influence on human’s health. In this paper, the author takes indoor air, at a classroom building of a college and a big shopping mall in Qinhuangdao city, as sampling object, and using GC/FIT technology, measures the concentration of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and the concentration of benzene contained in indoor environment. Then, through the statistics and analysis of the tested data, taking advantage of the exposure parameter method in the EPA, the risks of environmental to our health are evaluated. The investigation results show that: (1) the contents of TVOC and benzene in the same building in heating day and that in non-heating day are slightly different. In addition, the measured value is higher in heating day; (2) the concentration of TVOC in the store is significantly higher than that in the college classroom building, but the determination values of TVOC in both two public places are lower than the national standard; (3) at some measuring points of the store, the contents of benzene are excessive; (4) through the concentration values of benzene compounds in the two types of establishments, calculates the probability values of causing cancer to the staff ,and they are beyond the value given by United States environmental protection agency (EPA) .
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Jia, Cao, Valaulikar, Fu, and Sorin. "Variability of Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) in the Indoor Air of Retail Stores." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (November 21, 2019): 4622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234622.
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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released to the indoor air of retail stores from numerous products and activities, but available literature lacks a systematic understanding of the variability of VOC concentrations. In this study, we measured concentrations of total VOCs (TVOC) in 32 retail stores using a high-sensitivity photoionization detector (PID). Indoor thermal comfort parameters, including temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity, were simultaneously measured using an anemometer. The store-level TVOC concentrations ranged from 30 to 869 ppb and exceeded the LEED guideline in 31 stores. TVOC levels were notably high in hardware stores (median = 536 ppb, p = 0.0002) and paints, household, and home accessories sections within stores (p < 0.05). TVOC levels were elevated in mornings and evenings, possibly due to low ventilation and cleaning activities at the beginning and end of business hours. The between-store, within-store, and temporal variations accounted for 85%, 0.5%, and 14% of the total variance, respectively. The variance structure suggested that in-store VOC concentrations were predominantly driven by their source location, and representative monitoring should first consider covering various store types. Current store VOC levels present health concerns, but further studies are needed to evaluate risks among customers.
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Wang, Y. L., Zhi Gang Lu, P. P. Zhang, and Han Dong Zhou. "Characteristics of TVOC, Aldehydes and Ketones Emitted from Fiber Hot-Pressing in Manufacturing of MDF made from Poplar and Pine." Key Engineering Materials 567 (July 2013): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.567.9.
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This study, by means of GC-MS and HPLC, investigated the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from fiber hot-pressing in a medium density fiberboard (MDF) production line with a production capacity of 80,000 m3/a. The quantity of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), aldehydes and ketones were calculated. The results showed that the concentration of TVOC reached 1.8940 mg/m3. The main components include terpenes, acrolein and acetone, benzenes series and saturated hydrocarbons. The concentration of the mixture of aldehydes and ketones was 5.1136 mg/m3.
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Chen, Feng, Jun Shen, and Xinghua Xia. "Effect of the surface finishing methods on particleboard volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde emission." BioResources 15, no. 3 (May 27, 2020): 5450–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.5450-5463.
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Chemical contaminants from wood-based panels, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde, are the main sources of indoor air pollution. The particleboards were used as the substrate and five common finishing methods, including melamine-impregnated paper, high-density polyethylene decorative film, wood veneer, polypropylene water borne paintings coatings, and polyurethane water borne paintings coatings, were selected for this study. The emission curves in the first 6 h and the equilibrium concentrations of the total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and formaldehyde processed with the finishing wood-based panel method for 24 h were obtained and measured using an airtight environmental chamber. The ingredients of the VOCs were investigated using the small chamber method and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results indicated that the finishing methods were effective for reducing the emissions of TVOC (except the water borne coating) and formaldehyde of the particleboards. High density polyethylene film was the best finishing material to reduce the release of TVOC. The concentration of the veneered particleboard from the third to the tenth hour was higher than the unfinished particleboards. The veneered particleboard released six volatile ingredients to a lesser extent than the unfinished particleboard.
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Xu, Shanhao, Chuan Luo, Hao Wang, Yin Zhang, Chao Zhang, and Lifeng Yuan. "Determination of Total Volatile Organic Compounds in Recycled Plastic by Headspace/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 02061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126102061.
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A method of headspace combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) from recycled plastic. The factors such as equilibrium temperature, equilibrium time and sample uniformity were investigated. Toluene was selected as reference material. The results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows: equilibrium temperature was 80°Cand equilibrium time was 25min. The calibration curves showed good linearity and the correlative coefficients was 0.9975. The method detection limit(S/N=3) was 0.01mg/kg, and the recoveries ranged from 83.5% to 108.3%, with RSDs <6%. The method has the advantages of no pretreatment, accurate results and high sensitivity etc., and can be used for the determination of TVOC from recycled plastic.
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Breen, Michael S., Vlad Isakov, Steven Prince, Kennedy McGuinness, Peter P. Egeghy, Brent Stephens, Saravanan Arunachalam, et al. "Integrating Personal Air Sensor and GPS to Determine Microenvironment-Specific Exposures to Volatile Organic Compounds." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 23, 2021): 5659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165659.
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Personal exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from indoor sources including consumer products is an understudied public health concern. To develop and evaluate methods for monitoring personal VOC exposures, we performed a pilot study and examined time-resolved sensor-based measurements of geocoded total VOC (TVOC) exposures across individuals and microenvironments (MEs). We integrated continuous (1 min) data from a personal TVOC sensor and a global positioning system (GPS) logger, with a GPS-based ME classification model, to determine TVOC exposures in four MEs, including indoors at home (Home-In), indoors at other buildings (Other-In), inside vehicles (In-Vehicle), and outdoors (Out), across 45 participant-days for five participants. To help identify places with large emission sources, we identified high-exposure events (HEEs; TVOC > 500 ppb) using geocoded TVOC time-course data overlaid on Google Earth maps. Across the 45 participant-days, the MEs ranked from highest to lowest median TVOC were: Home-In (165 ppb), Other-In (86 ppb), In-Vehicle (52 ppb), and Out (46 ppb). For the two participants living in single-family houses with attached garages, the median exposures for Home-In were substantially higher (209, 416 ppb) than the three participant homes without attached garages: one living in a single-family house (129 ppb), and two living in apartments (38, 60 ppb). The daily average Home-In exposures exceeded the estimated Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) building guideline of 108 ppb for 60% of the participant-days. We identified 94 HEEs across all participant-days, and 67% of the corresponding peak levels exceeded 1000 ppb. The MEs ranked from the highest to the lowest number of HEEs were: Home-In (60), Other-In (13), In-Vehicle (12), and Out (9). For Other-In and Out, most HEEs occurred indoors at fast food restaurants and retail stores, and outdoors in parking lots, respectively. For Home-In HEEs, the median TVOC emission and removal rates were 5.4 g h−1 and 1.1 h−1, respectively. Our study demonstrates the ability to determine individual sensor-based time-resolved TVOC exposures in different MEs, in support of identifying potential sources and exposure factors that can inform exposure mitigation strategies.
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Liu, Tseng, Wang, Dai, and Shih. "The Study of an Ultraviolet Radiation Technique for Removal of the Indoor Air Volatile Organic Compounds and Bioaerosol." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 14 (July 17, 2019): 2557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142557.
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This study examined the use of high dosages of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) (253.7 nm) to deal with various concentrations of air pollutants, such as formaldehyde (HCHO), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), under various conditions of humidity. A number of irradiation methods were applied for various durations in field studies to examine the efficiency of removing HCHO, TVOC, bacteria, and fungi. The removal efficiency of air pollutants (HCHO and bacteria) through long-term exposure to UVGI appears to increase with time. The effects on TVOC and fungi concentration were insignificant in the first week; however, improvements were observed in the second week. No differences were observed regarding the removal of HCHO and TVOC among the various irradiation methods in this study; however significant differences were observed in the removal of bacteria and fungi.
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Nkeshita, F. C., A. A. Adekunle, and A. Abegunrin. "Prediction of indoor Total Volatile Organic Compound in a university hostel using a Neural Network Model." Nigerian Journal of Technology 40, no. 2 (October 18, 2021): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v40i2.3.
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The study predicted the concentration of indoor total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) concentration in a randomly selected room at the Umar Kabir male Hostel located at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Readings were taken using an active sampler to measure particulate matter, PM (1.0, 2.5 and 10), TVOC, Relative Humidity (RH), Temperature and Formaldehyde. Two network types namely; feedforward back propagation and the cascaded forward back propagation were adopted randomly to predict TVOC as an output variable using data set generated from six different parameters mentioned earlier. The best performing neural network was the cascaded feed forward with a coefficient of determination of 0.98 which exhibited the lowest mean square error of 0.000124 with a network structure of 6-15-1-1. The results show the ability of Artificial Neural Networks to map inputs and outputs in complex non-linear situations such as the existence of volatile compounds in the atmosphere. It can be adopted for monitoring environmental systems by engineers and public health workers, stakeholders can use such models for initiating environmental related policies aimed at safeguarding human health.
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Ding, Wenjie, Lin Li, and Junxin Liu. "Investigation of the effects of temperature and sludge characteristics on odors and VOC emissions during the drying process of sewage sludge." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 4 (May 20, 2015): 543–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.246.
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Sludge drying is a necessary step for sludge disposal. In this study, sludge was collected from two wastewater treatment plants, and dried at different temperatures in the laboratory. The emission of odor and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) during the sludge drying process were determined by an online odor monitoring system. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in off-gas were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results showed that sludge with 30% moisture content could be obtained in 51 minutes under drying temperature 100 °C but only within 27 minutes under 150 °C. Concentration of odor, TVOCs, sulfur-containing compounds (SCCs), and amines were changed with drying temperature and sludge sources. The maximum concentration of odor, TVOCs, SCCs, and amines were 503.13 ppm, 3.01 ppm, 8.15 ppm, and 11.27 ppm, respectively, at drying temperature 100 °C. These values reached 1,250.79, 8.10, 53.51, and 37.80 ppm when sludge dried at 150 °C. Odor concentration had a close relationship with emission of SCCs, amines, and TVOCs. The main VOCs released were benzene series and organic acid. Potential migration of substances in sludge was examined via analysis of off-gas and condensate, aiming to provide scientific data for effective sludge treatment and off-gas control.
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MOTOHASHI, Kenji, Masataka TAMURA, and Futoshi OSAKA. "A TOTAL VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS EMISSION FACTOR OF A WATER-BASED EMULSION PAINT CONTAINNING LITTLE VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 72, no. 611 (2007): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.72.7_1.
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Huang, Shan, Pei Guo Zhou, Zhi Gang Lu, Gui Zhen Zhang, Wen Bin Sang, Han Dong Zhou, and Tao Ding. "Characteristics of TVOC, Aldehydes and Ketones Emitted from Fiber Dryer in Manufacturing of HDF Made from Poplar and Pine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (December 2012): 930–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.930.
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This study, by means of GC-MS and HPLC, investiagted the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from fiber dryer in a high density fiberboard (HDF) production line with a production capacity of 100,000 m3/a. The quantity of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), aldehydes and ketones were calculated. The results showed that the concentration of VOCs reached 0.5275 mg/m3. The main components include benzenes series (42.7%), terpenes (11.0% alpha pinene), alkanes (11.2%), anhydrides (4.7%) and aldehydes (3.1%). The concentration of the mixture of aldehydes and ketones was 8.8594 mg/m3. The annual emission of TVOC and the mixture of aldehydes and ketones from HDF fiber dryer were 836 kg/a and 14033 kg/a, respectively.
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Wang, Jin, Zhen Zhu Ma, Lu Chen, Hong Juan Sun, and Wu Kun Fan. "Determination of the Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds from Leather Seats in Environmental Test Chamber." Key Engineering Materials 768 (April 2018): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.768.31.
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With reference to the international standard ISO16000-9 and the national standard GB/T 31106-14, this paper has chosen leather seats as the research object in order to study the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and total volatile organic compound (TVOC). The test results show that about 21 species of VOCs released from the leather seats were measured, including several types of aldehydes, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbon ,hydrocarbon, lipids and so on.This paper analysis the possible sources of volatile organic compounds in leather seats as well.
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Chen, Jing, Neng Zhu, and Xin Li Shi. "Measurements of VOC Emission from Polyurethane Varnish for Interior Use." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.345.
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The emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from single-component polyurethane varnish applied to beech plywood at two temperatures (33°C, 43°C) has been investigated in a small environmental chamber. The experimental results indicated that the concentration of each compound, as well as the total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), increased rapidly after the start of experiment, and attained their maximum values at 0.5 h. The concentrations decreased rapidly after 0.5 h, and then decreased more slowly in the period 2 – 24 h. The concentrations of isopropylbenzene, n-decane and TVOC were higher in the 43°C test than in the 33°C test within the first 1.5 h. The influences of temperature on the concentrations of these pollutants were different during the period 1.5 – 24 h.
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Sarkar, C., A. Chatterjee, D. Majumdar, S. K. Ghosh, A. Srivastava, and S. Raha. "Volatile organic compounds over Eastern Himalaya, India: temporal variation and source characterization using Positive Matrix Factorization." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 23 (December 19, 2014): 32133–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-32133-2014.
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Abstract. A first ever study on the characterization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been made over a Himalayan high altitude station in India. A total of 18 VOCs (mono aromatics-BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene), non-BTEX substituted aromatics and halocarbon) have been measured over Darjeeling (27.01° N, 88.15° E, 2200 m a.s.l.) in the eastern Himalaya in India during the period of July 2011–June 2012. The annual average concentration of the sum of 18 target VOCs (TVOC) was 376.3 ± 857.2 μg m−3. Monoaromatics had the highest contribution (72%) followed by other substituted aromatics (22%) and halocarbon (6%) compounds. Toluene was the most abundant VOC in the atmosphere of Darjeeling with the contribution of ~37% to TVOC followed by benzene (~21%), ethylbenzene (~9%) and xylenes (~6%). TVOC concentrations were highest during the postmonsoon season with minimum solar radiation and lowest during the premonsoon season with maximum solar radiation. Anthropogenic activities related mainly to tourists like diesel and gasoline emissions, biomass and coal burning, use of solvent and solid waste emissions were almost equal in both the seasons. Seasonal variation in TVOCs over Darjeeling was mainly governed by the incoming solar radiation rather than the emission sources. Source apportionment study using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model indicated that major fraction of (~60%) TVOC were contributed by diesel and gasoline exhausts followed by solvent evaporation (18%) and other sources. Diesel exhaust was also found to have the maximum potential in tropospheric ozone formation. The atmospheric loading of BTEX over Darjeeling was found to be comparable with several Indian metro cities and much higher than other cities around the world.
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Kwong, Qi Jie, Jamalunlaili Abdullah, Sheng Chuan Tan, Tzer Hwai Gilbert Thio, and Win Shyang Yeaw. "A field study of indoor air quality and occupant perception in experimental laboratories and workshops." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 30, no. 2 (March 11, 2019): 467–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-04-2018-0074.
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Purpose Maintaining good indoor air quality (IAQ) in the built environment is essential to assure health, safety and productivity of occupants. The purpose of this paper is to report on the preliminary IAQ assessment of selected air-conditioned laboratories and naturally ventilated workshops in a tropical education institution. Design/methodology/approach The concentration levels of five major indoor air pollutants (IAPs) – carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, respirable particulates, formaldehyde (HCHO) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) in each sampling area were measured using calibrated air sampling sensors and the tracer-gas analysis was used to determine the ventilation effectiveness. A questionnaire survey was carried out concurrently to study the prevalence of sick building syndrome (SBS) among users of laboratories and workshops and the data collected were statistically analysed using χ2 test. Findings The air pollutant levels were found to be below the threshold limit values set in the local code of practice on IAQ, except for two of the air-conditioned laboratories. This is possibly due to insufficient ventilation, smaller floor area per occupant ratio, long-term exposure to chemical substances, and improper disposal of the used chemical substances. The total particulate levels were higher in naturally ventilated workshops because such spaces were assigned for mechanical works which involved grinding, welding and fabrication. Besides, it was identified that most of the air contaminant levels were not normally distributed (p<0.05) within the sampling areas and SBS like dry eyes, watery eyes, tiredness and dry throat were reported in both laboratories and workshops. The outcomes of this work suggest that an increase of ventilation rate was necessary to reduce the concentration of the IAPs in air-conditioned laboratories and improved housekeeping would help mitigate the prevalence of SBS symptoms. Research limitations/implications This research was carried out in selected laboratories and workshops in a Malaysian educational institution and only five major IAPs stipulated in the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) code of practice were measured. Practical implications The results of this study will enable facility engineers and managers to understand the IAPs concentration levels and potential SBS problems in academic laboratories and workshops. The recommended strategies can be considered to improve IAQ conditions in such spaces. Originality/value Most of the previously conducted IAQ studies focused only on commonly occupied building spaces such as offices, classrooms and houses. Information of the quality of air and SBS conditions in experimental facilities in developing nations that is available is currently very limited. This case study provides detailed information on IAQ in laboratories and workshops in Malaysia with focuses on the concentration levels of particular harmful gases, the prevalence of SBS among users of these facilities and the appropriate mitigation strategies. The results presented are of value to both academic and industry communities.
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Meciarova, Ludmila, and Silvia Vilcekova. "Determination of VOCs in the Indoor Air of a New and a Renovated Apartment." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2016-0012.
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Abstract This study deals with the occurrence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the indoor environment of a new and a renovated apartment. Qualitative determination of VOCs was carried out with a gas chromatograph with surface acoustic wave detector (GC/SAW). Concentrations of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) were determined by a photoionization detector with UV lamp. Simultaneously, temperature and relative humidity were monitored with a data logger. The aim of this study was to determine of TVOC concentrations, to use of GC/SAW for determination of individual VOCs in indoor air as well as to predict possible sources of VOCs in these apartments. Measurements were performed after each construction work for better resolution of the contributions of individual materials to the levels of VOC. Mean concentrations of TVOC were 624 μg/m3 in the renovated apartment and 1,686 μg/m3 in the new apartment after completion of all works. The results from the renovated apartment showed that the use of new materials can lead to lower levels of organic compounds in indoor air compared to old materials that were less environmentally friendly. Many types of VOCs were found in both apartments. After reviewing the possible sources, it seems that the main sources of these substances were applied coatings and flooring materials.
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Kim, Hong-Gi, Bo-il Jeon, Jeong-Hun Lee, Ho-Hyun Kim, and Hyuk-ku Kwon. "Analising of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) exposure in public transportation during operation(Ⅱ)." Journal of Odor and Indoor Environment 19, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15250/joie.2020.19.4.437.
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Jia, Xin, and Bo Yi. "Spatial Concentration Variation of Contaminants in a Residential Kitchen and the Effect of Makeup Air System." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1996–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1996.
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In this paper, the experimental data of CO, CO2 and total volatile organic compound (TVOC) concentration in a residential kitchen are presented. Based on them, a simulation software with friendly and simply operating interfaceis is developed on the platform of VC++. The distribution law of the contaminants is studied via the simulation results, and it is obvious that location of accumulation of the contaminants are highly relevant to the location of stove and closer to the walls. An addition natural air makeup system is proposed to improve indoor airenvironment in kitchens, the effection of the air makeup system is analyzed with exergy theory.
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Mozaffar, Ahsan, Yan-Lin Zhang, Yu-Chi Lin, Feng Xie, Mei-Yi Fan, and Fang Cao. "Measurement report: High contributions of halocarbon and aromatic compounds to atmospheric volatile organic compounds in an industrial area." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 23 (December 13, 2021): 18087–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18087-2021.
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Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are key components of tropospheric chemistry. We investigated ambient VOCs in an industrial area in Nanjing, China, between July 2018 and May 2020. The sum of the suite of measured total VOC (TVOC) concentrations was 59.8 ± 28.6 ppbv (part per billion by volume) during the investigation period. About twice the TVOC concentrations were observed in the autumn (83 ± 20 ppbv) and winter (77.5 ± 16.8 ppbv) seasons compared to those in spring (39.6 ± 13.1 ppbv) and summer (38.8 ± 10.2 ppbv). In previous studies in Nanjing, oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) and halocarbons were not measured, and the current TVOC concentration without halocarbons and OVOCs was similar to the previous investigation in the same study area. However, it was twofold higher than the one reported in the nonindustrial suburban area of Nanjing. Due to the industrial influence, the halocarbons VOC group (14.3 ± 7.3 ppbv, 24 %) was the second-largest contributor to the TVOCs after alkanes (21 ± 7 ppbv, 35 %), which is in contrast with the previous studies in Nanjing and also in almost all other regions in China. Relatively high proportions of halocarbons and aromatics were observed in autumn (25.7 % and 19.3 %, respectively) and winter (25.8 % and 17.6 %, respectively) compared to those in summer (20.4 % and 11.8 %, respectively) and spring (20.3 % and 13.6 %, respectively). According to the potential source contribution function (PSCF), short-distance transport from the surrounding industrial areas and cities was the main reason for the high VOC concentrations in the study area. According to positive matrix factorization (PMF) model results, vehicle-related emissions (33 %–48 %) contributed to the major portion of the ambient VOC concentrations. Aromatics, followed by alkenes, were the top contributors to the loss rate of OH radicals (LOH; 37 % and 32 %, respectively). According to the empirical kinetic modelling approach (EKMA) and relative incremental reactivity (RIR) analysis, the study area was in the VOC-sensitive regime for ozone (O3) formation during all measurement seasons. Therefore, alkenes and aromatics emissions from automobiles need to be decreased to reduce secondary air pollution formation in the study area.
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Sun, Shijing, Zhongyuan Zhao, and Jun Shen. "Effects of the manufacturing conditions on the VOCs emissions of particleboard." BioResources 15, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 1074–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.1.1074-1084.
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The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from wood-based panels are hazardous to indoor air quality. Usually, the VOCs are derived from the adhesive, chemical compounds, and wood components. However, there has been little research focusing on the effects of manufacture conditions on the VOC emissions. In this study, the effects of density, thickness, and resin content on total VOC (TVOC) and individual VOCs were investigated by the small chamber method and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The TVOC emission from the particleboard of each manufacturing condition decreased with extended exposure time. The higher density, thickness, and resin content of particleboard at each measured time caused higher concentrations of TVOC emissions. Most of the detected VOCs were aromatics. The esters, aldehydes, and ketones showed a high increasing level with increasing particleboard density, thickness, and resin content. This result indicated that these chemical compounds were most sensitive to changes in manufacturing conditions.
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Sun, Shi Jing, and Jun Shen. "Study on Reducing the Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions from Different Processing Particleboards." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1101.
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The aim of this paper is to study on how to control VOC emissions from wood-based panel manufacturing. Total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) emissions from larch particleboard under different processing conditions were collected by an environmental chamber. VOC samples were prepared by desiccator, adsorbed by activated carbon, desorpted with Methylene dichloride and measured by GC/MS. The result showed that the optimal process parameters were single-layer structure, moisture content of 6%, density of 0.60 g•cm-3, thickness of 8mm, resin content of 7%, hot-pressing time of 4min.TVOC increased with board density going up，hot-pressing time increasing, moisture content and resin content rising. The predominant compounds emissions from the particleboards are aromatic compound and hydrocarbon. 24 kinds of compounds were identified from the standard board. With hydrocarbon decreasing, aromatic VOC type increased.
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Norrefeldt, Victor, Florian Mayer, Britta Herbig, Ria Ströhlein, Pawel Wargocki, and Fang Lei. "Effect of Increased Cabin Recirculation Airflow Fraction on Relative Humidity, CO2 and TVOC." Aerospace 8, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8010015.
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In the CleanSky 2 ComAir study, subject tests were conducted in the Fraunhofer Flight Test Facility cabin mock-up. This mock-up consists of the front section of a former in-service A310 hosting up to 80 passengers. In 12 sessions the outdoor/recirculation airflow ratio was altered from today’s typically applied fractions to up to 88% recirculation fraction. This leads to increased relative humidity, carbon dioxide (CO2) and Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) levels in the cabin air, as the emissions by passengers become less diluted by outdoor, dry air. This paper describes the measured increase of relative humidity, CO2 and TVOC level in the cabin air for the different test conditions.
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Zhao, Yuefeng, Yurong Zhang, Jing Gao, Xu Wang, Hui Li, Yanqi Wang, Mengjun Duan, Kaifa Cao, Yangjian Cai, and Jie Pan. "VOC Monitoring and Ozone Generation Potential Analysis Based on a Single-Photon Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer." Photonics 7, no. 3 (August 24, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics7030061.
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The single-photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (SPI-TOFMS), which has high sensitivity, high accuracy, and a short response time, is effective for the real-time monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, the theory and structural composition of the SPI-TOFMS are described. Its detection limit can reach parts per billion by volume (ppbv), the dynamic range is better than three orders of magnitude, and the response speed can reach milliseconds. The distribution of VOCs and the ozone generation contribution rate in the Hefei Economic Development Zone are analyzed using this instrument with a vehicle platform for online navigation detection. The experimental results showed that aromatics were the primary components of the total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), and aromatics and alkenes contributed more to ozone formation in an industrial manufacturing area. This research indicates that the SPI-TOFMS can rapidly and accurately conduct online monitoring of VOCs in industrial development zones. In addition, it has been applied in the fields of atmospheric composition observation, environmental monitoring, and industrial VOC leakage monitoring.
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Capíková, Alena, Daniela Tesařová, Josef Hlavaty, Adam Ekielski, and Pawan Kumar Mishra. "Estimation of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Human Health Risk Assessment of Simulated Indoor Environment Consisting of Upholstered Furniture Made of Commercially Available Foams." Advances in Polymer Technology 2019 (October 9, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5727536.
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This study was conducted for the qualitative and quantitative determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) from polymeric foam materials used in upholstered furniture. Six different types of foams viz. Highly elastic foam K5040, standard PU foam N5063, bonded polyurethane foam R100, viscoelastic foam V5020, self-extinguishing foam KF5560, and foam rubber were used. Short-term and long-term (24, 48, 72, 672 hours (28 day)) measurements were done to differentiate the role of primary emissions (present in new products) and secondary emissions (due to chemical reactions in material or slowly released due to the porous structure of material). The samples were collected using a small-space sampling chamber at a temperature of 23°C and a humidity of 50% depending on the aspect of time. The concentrations of VOC and TVOC were identified and quantified using a Gas chromatography–Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) based method. Based on the VOC measurements, the standard room concentrations were simulated to estimate the human health risk assessment for all six types of foams. The results of simulations suggest no possibility of human health risk for the very long period (28 days), as the estimated values were found to be much below the prescribed limits.
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Rios, J. L. M., J. L. Boechat, M. C. K. Ramos, R. R. Luiz, F. R. Aquino Neto, and J. R. Lapa e Silva. "Asthma and Rhinitis in Office Buildings Workers and Exposure to Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) and Formaldehyde." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 125, no. 2 (February 2010): AB210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.820.
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HUANG, SHANCONG, SHENG DOU, MINGQI DING, and XINXING XIA. "Investigation of the influencing factors in odor emission from wet-end white water." October 2020 19, no. 10 (November 1, 2020): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj19.10.501.
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Emission of malodorous gases, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and ammonia (NH3) during pulping and papermaking has caused certain harm to the air environment and human health. This paper investigated the influencing factors of odor emission from wet-end white water during the pro-duction of bobbin paper in a papermaking mill using old corrugated containers (OCC) as raw material. The concentration of malodorous gases emitted from wet-end white water was determined with pump-suction gas detectors. The results indicated that low temperature could limit the release of malodorous gases from white water. Specifically, no total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), H2S, and NH3 was detected at a temperature of 15°C. The concentrations of malodorous gases were slightly increased when temperature increased to 25°C. When temperature was 55°C, the released concentrations of TVOC, H2S, and NH3 were 22.3 mg/m3, 5.91 mg/m3, and 2.78 mg/m3, respectively. Therefore, the content of malodorous gases significantly increased with the temperature increase. The stirring of white water accelerated the release of malodorous gases, and the release rate sped up as the stirring speed increased. However, the total amount of malodorous gases released were basically the same as the static state. Furthermore, the higher the concentration of white water, the greater the amount of malodorous gases released. The pH had little influence on the TVOC release, whereas it significantly affected the release of H2S and NH3. With the increase of pH value, the released amount of H2S and NH3 gradually decreased. When pH reached 9.0, the release amount of H2S and NH3 was almost zero, proving that an alkaline condition inhibits the release of H2S and NH3.
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Arar, Mohammad, and Chuloh Jung. "Improving the Indoor Air Quality in Nursery Buildings in United Arab Emirates." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 18, 2021): 12091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212091.
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Children inhale indoor air at 400 mL/min∙kg per body weight, 2.76 times more than adults. They have weaker immunity than adults and are more exposed to asthma, allergies, and atopic diseases. The objective of this paper is to suggest effective management and improvement measures for indoor air quality for nurseries. As a methodology, 16 nurseries (total of 35 classrooms) were selected to measure the indoor air quality compared with WHO IAQ Standard, and identify the daily concentration change of the pollutants. Based on the measurements, IAQ improvements for selected facilities are carried out to compare the results before and after improvement. The result has shown that the concentration of Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC), Total Suspended Particles (TSP) and formaldehyde (CH2O) exceeds WHO IAQ standards. The concentration of CO2 and TSP is changed mainly by physical activity of children and that of CH2O and TVOC is changed mainly by ventilation after school start. TVOC decreased by 46.4% and the TSP decreased by 21.7% after air purifier, but CH2O and TVOC increased 1.8–3.8 times after interior renovation with low-emission finishing materials. After new ventilation installation, the CH2O and TVOC reduced half and the TSP reduced one third. It is proven that the most effective way to reduce the concentration of air pollutants in nurseries is the installation of a new ventilation system, followed by an air purifier. The renovation with low-emission finishing materials cannot improve IAQ in a short period of time.
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Molhave, Lars, and Gunnar Damgaard Nielsen. "Interpretation and Limitations of the Concept "Total Volatile Organic Compounds" (TVOC) as an Indicator of Human Responses to Exposures of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in Indoor Air." Indoor Air 2, no. 2 (June 1992): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.1992.01-22.x.
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Lee, Dong-Hyun, and Jin-Do Chung. "Relevance between Total Volatile Organic Compound (TVOC) Exposure Level and Environmental Diseases Within Residential Environments." Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences 37, no. 3 (June 30, 2011): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5668/jehs.2011.37.3.193.
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SHAN-CONG, HUANG, LIU CHANG, DAI LEI, DOU SHENG, DING MING-QI, and XIA XIN-XING. "Control of malodorous gases emission from wet-end white water with hydrogen peroxide." October 2021 20, no. 10 (November 1, 2021): 615–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj20.10.615.
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White water is highly recycled in the papermaking process so that its quality is easily deteriorated, thus producing lots of malodorous gases that are extremely harmful to human health and the environment. In this paper, the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the control of malodorous gases released from white water was investigated. The results showed that the released amount of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) decreased gradually with the increase of H2O2 dosage. Specifically, the TVOC emission reached the minimum as the H2O2 dosage was 1.5 mmol/L, and meanwhile, the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) were almost completely removed. It was also found that pH had little effect on the release of TVOC as H2O2 was added, but it evidently affect-ed the release of H2S and NH3. When the pH value of the white water was changed to 4.0 or 9.0, the emission of TVOC decreased slightly, while both H2S and NH3 were completely removed in both cases. The ferrous ions (Fe2+) and the copper ions (Cu2+) were found to promote the generation of hydroxyl radicals (HO•) out of H2O2, enhancing its inhibition on the release of malodorous gases from white water. The Fe2+/H2O2 system and Cu2+/H2O2 system exhibited similar efficiency in inhibiting the TVOC releasing, whereas the Cu2+/H2O2 system showed better perfor-mance in removing H2S and NH3.
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Kraus, Michal, and Ingrid Juhásová Šenitková. "Level of Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) in the context of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in Office Buildings." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 728 (February 26, 2020): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/728/1/012012.
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Kadosaki, Masahiro, Yuichi Sakai, Ikuo Tamura, Ichiro Matsubara, and Toshio Itoh. "Development of Oxide Semiconductor Thick Film Gas Sensor for the Detection of Total Volatile Organic Compounds." IEEJ Transactions on Sensors and Micromachines 128, no. 4 (2008): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejsmas.128.125.
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Oni, Toluwanimi Mobolade, and Godson R. E. E. Ana. "Ambient air pollution exposure and lung function assessment of filling station attendants in Ibadan, Nigeria." Reviews on Environmental Health 34, no. 2 (June 26, 2019): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2018-0027.
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Abstract Background There is an increasing range of adverse health effects associated with air pollution at very low concentrations. Few studies have assessed respiratory parameters among filling station attendants. Objectives This study assessed air pollutants; particulate matter (PM10) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) concentrations at filling stations as well as determined forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) levels among filling station attendants. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess PM10 and TVOC concentrations at 20 systematically selected filling stations in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Ibadan for 2 months using a Thermo Scientific pDR 1500 PM10 monitor and SF2000-TVOC meter. FEV1 and PEFR levels were measured in order to assess the effect of exposure to PM10 and TVOC on lung function of 100 filling station attendants using a PIKO-1 Electronic peakflow/FEV1 meter. Results Total mean PM10 concentrations (μg/m3) in the morning (43.7±16.5) and afternoon (27.8±7.9) were significantly lower (p<0.01) than the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline limit (50 μg/m3). Total mean TVOC concentrations (ppm) in the morning (12.0±3.4) and afternoon (5.6±2.4) were however significantly higher (p<0.01) than the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guideline limit (3 ppm). Mean FEV1 for filling station attendants was 1.63±0.39 and PEFR was 171.7±45.9. Conclusion Filling stations are hotspots for the emission of VOCs and PM10. However, filling station attendants in this study are at risk of exposure to high concentrations of VOCs but not PM10. FEV1 and PEFR values among filling station attendants were very low which could possibly be attributed to extended exposure to air pollutants. Regular medical examinations should also be conducted on filling station attendants in order to aid early detection of deviations in their health status.
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Yahaya, Noor Huwaida, Ftwi Yohaness Hagos, and Mohamad Firdaus Basrawi. "Indoor Air Quality Evaluation of Commercial Buildings In Kuantan." MATEC Web of Conferences 225 (2018): 05018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822505018.
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This work focuses on indoor air quality evaluation of commercial buildings in Kuantan. Some buildings have been selected to monitor indoor air quality. The research has been carried out only in Kuantan, which focused on hotels and government buildings. Some sample measurements were taken which include air temperature, relative humidity, and air movement, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), respirable particulate matter (PM 10), formaldehyde and total volatile organic compound (TVOC). In addition, questionnaires were conducted on a number of workers in each building to determine the level of health and illness caused by air in the building where they work. Hence, this study has analyzed the link between the questioner results and the results of indoor air measurements that were carried out. From surveys, it appears there are four buildings that have low air flow, four buildings have a lot of dust and five buildings have a high temperature. In contrast, four buildings have a good indoor air quality.