Journal articles: 'Analytical redundancy relations'

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Fang, Sheng-En, and Bao Zhang. "Non-model based structural damage assessment using improved analytical redundancy relations." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 39, no. 3 (June 22, 2018): 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461348418783562.

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A damage assessment problem can be stated as a constraint satisfaction problem utilizing the translational and rotational displacements of a structure as measurements. By this means, usual numerical models are no longer required for a damage assessment, which considerably simplifies the solution process. In order to avoid the use of rotational displacements that are difficult to measure in practice, an improved analytical redundancy reduction method has been developed in which rotational displacements are replaced by translational ones. Moreover, some constraint equation positions in the decomposition of a static equilibrium matrix are exchanged according to their association with pre-assumed damaged elements. Then damage is located according to the changes in the relevant constraints of specific elements or substructures. Besides, the deviation increments of improved analytical redundancy reduction can embody the stiffness changes of the damaged elements. The proposed improved analytical redundancy reduction method was validated using both numerical and experimental steel box beams under static loads. The damage assessment results demonstrate the superiority of the improved analytical redundancy reduction method over the constraint satisfaction problem and analytical redundancy reduction methods.

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Trave-Massuyes, L., T. Escobet, and X. Olive. "Diagnosability Analysis Based on Component-Supported Analytical Redundancy Relations." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans 36, no. 6 (November 2006): 1146–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsmca.2006.878984.

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Travé-Massuyès, L., T. Escobet, and S. Spanache. "Diagnosability Analysis Based on Component Supported Analytical Redundancy Relations." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 36, no. 5 (June 2003): 819–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)36594-1.

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Termeche, Adel, Djamel Benazzouz, Belkacem Ould Bouamama, and Ibrahim Abdallah. "Augmented analytical redundancy relations to improve the fault isolation." Mechatronics 55 (November 2018): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2018.07.008.

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Shumsky, Alexey. "Redundancy Relations for Fault Diagnosis in Nonlinear Uncertain Systems." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 17, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 477–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-007-0040-1.

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Redundancy Relations for Fault Diagnosis in Nonlinear Uncertain SystemsThe problem of fault detection and isolation in nonlinear uncertain systems is studied within the scope of the analytical redundancy concept. The problem solution involves checking the redundancy relations existing among measured system inputs and outputs. A novel method is proposed for constructing redundancy relations based on system models described by differential equations whose right-hand sides are polynomials. The method involves a nonlinear transformation of the initial system model into a strict feedback form. Algebraic and geometric tools are used for this transformation. The features of the method are made particular for uncertain systems with a linear structure.

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Belard, Nuno, Yannick Pencolé, and Michel Combacau. "Meta-Diagnosis in FDI: Reasoning About False Analytical Redundancy Relations." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 45, no. 20 (January 2012): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20120829-3-mx-2028.00240.

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Yu, Ming, Chenyu Xiao, Wuhua Jiang, Shuanglong Yang, and Hai Wang. "Fault Diagnosis for Electromechanical System via Extended Analytical Redundancy Relations." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 14, no. 12 (December 2018): 5233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tii.2018.2842255.

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Willersrud, Anders, Mogens Blanke, and Lars Imsland. "Incident detection and isolation in drilling using analytical redundancy relations." Control Engineering Practice 41 (August 2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2015.03.010.

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Lunze, Jan. "A method to get analytical redundancy relations for fault diagnosis." IFAC-PapersOnLine 50, no. 1 (July 2017): 1006–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.208.

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Shumsky, Alexey. "Robust Analytical Redundancy Relations for Fault Diagnosis In Nonlinear Systems." Asian Journal of Control 4, no. 2 (October 22, 2008): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1934-6093.2002.tb00342.x.

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Cao, Yuyuan, Shixuan Duan, Yanjun Li, Xudong Li, Zejian Zhao, and Xingye Wang. "Fault Detection of Landing Gear Retraction/Extension Hydraulic System Based on Bond Graph-Linear Fractional Transformation Technique and Interval Analytic Redundancy Relations." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (September 26, 2022): 9667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199667.

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Fault detection in the landing gear retraction/extension hydraulic system is difficult due to uncertainties in component parameters and sensor measurement values. This work lies in the introduction of linear fractional transformation technology and uncertainty analysis theory for the construction of the diagnostic bond graph of the landing gear retraction/extension hydraulic system. Thus, interval analytical redundancy relations can be derived as well as fault signature matrices. By using the fault signature matrix, existing faults can be detected and isolated preliminary. Furthermore, interval analytical redundancy relations can be used to detect system faults in detail. The analysis results of the failure cases of the internal and external leakage of the actuator and landing gear selector valve reversing stuck show that compared to the traditional analytical redundancy relations, this method takes into account the negative factors of uncertainty, so it can effectively reduce missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis; compared to the traditional absolute diagnostic threshold, the interval diagnostic threshold is more accurate and sensitive.

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Holst, Christoph-Alexander, and Volker Lohweg. "A Redundancy Metric Set within Possibility Theory for Multi-Sensor Systems." Sensors 21, no. 7 (April 3, 2021): 2508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072508.

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In intelligent technical multi-sensor systems, information is often at least partly redundant—either by design or inherently due to the dynamic processes of the observed system. If sensors are known to be redundant, (i) information processing can be engineered to be more robust against sensor failures, (ii) failures themselves can be detected more easily, and (iii) computational costs can be reduced. This contribution proposes a metric which quantifies the degree of redundancy between sensors. It is set within the possibility theory. Information coming from sensors in technical and cyber–physical systems are often imprecise, incomplete, biased, or affected by noise. Relations between information of sensors are often only spurious. In short, sensors are not fully reliable. The proposed metric adopts the ability of possibility theory to model incompleteness and imprecision exceptionally well. The focus is on avoiding the detection of spurious redundancy. This article defines redundancy in the context of possibilistic information, specifies requirements towards a redundancy metric, details the information processing, and evaluates the metric qualitatively on information coming from three technical datasets.

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Gelso, Esteban R., Sandra M. Castillo, and Joaquim Armengol. "DIAGNOSIS BASED ON INTERVAL ANALYTICAL REDUNDANCY RELATIONS AND SIGNS OF THE SYMPTOMS." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 40, no. 3 (2007): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20070523-3-es-4908.00023.

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Staroswiecki, M., and G. Comtet-Varga. "Analytical redundancy relations for fault detection and isolation in algebraic dynamic systems." Automatica 37, no. 5 (May 2001): 687–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-1098(01)00005-x.

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Verdière, Nathalie, Carine Jauberthie, and Louise Travé-Massuyès. "Functional diagnosability and detectability of nonlinear models based on analytical redundancy relations." Journal of Process Control 35 (November 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2015.08.001.

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Staroswiecki, M. "Analytical redundancy relations for fault detection and isolation in algebraic dynamic systems." Automatica 37, no. 5 (May 2001): 687–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5555/s0005-1098(01)00005-x.

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Peng, Xiao Hui, Zheng Yan, Yan Jun Li, and Jian Jun Wu. "A Fault Isolation Method Based on Analytical Redundancy Relations for Spacecraft Propulsion System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 232 (November 2012): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.331.

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Based on time-varying characters of spacecraft propulsion system, which generates tremendous difficulty to establish diagnostic criteria artificially, the fault isolation method based on Analytical Redundancy Relations (ARRs) generating from Diagnostic Bond Graph (DBG) has been proposed. The ARRs for Spacecraft Propulsion System are built on time-invariant structural characters, which can overcome the challenges from artificially establishing time-varying diagnostic criteria beforehand. By the tendency analysis of the residuals of ARRs, the fault signature matrix can be established. Then faults are isolated by comparison of observed signature and fault signature. Through the analysis of isolation results of a spacecraft propulsion system, it shows that ARRs is valid and practicable at fault isolation with rapid rates.

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Berendsen, C. S., J. P. Cassar, G. Champenois, and M. Staroswiecki. "Structured Generation of Analytical Redundancy Relations for the Detection of Control Loop Failures." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 27, no. 5 (June 1994): 683–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)48104-3.

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Yu, Ming, Haotian Lu, Hai Wang, Chenyu Xiao, Dun Lan, and Junjie Chen. "Computational Intelligence-Based Prognosis for Hybrid Mechatronic System Using Improved Wiener Process." Actuators 10, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10090213.

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In this article, a fast krill herd algorithm is developed for prognosis of hybrid mechatronic system using the improved Wiener degradation process. First, the diagnostic hybrid bond graph is used to model the hybrid mechatronic system and derive global analytical redundancy relations. Based on the global analytical redundancy relations, the fault signature matrix and mode change signature matrix for fault and mode change isolation can be obtained. Second, in order to determine the true faults from the suspected fault candidates after fault isolation, a fault estimation method based on adaptive square root cubature Kalman filter is proposed when the noise distributions are unknown. Then, the improved Wiener process incorporating nonlinear term is developed to build the degradation model of incipient fault based on the fault estimation results. For prognosis, the fast krill herd algorithm is proposed to estimate unknown degradation model coefficients. After that, the probability density function of remaining useful life is derived using the identified degradation model. Finally, the proposed methods are validated by simulations.

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Tornil-Sin, Sebastian, Carlos Ocampo-Martinez, Vicenc Puig, and Teresa Escobet. "Robust Fault Diagnosis of Nonlinear Systems Using Interval Constraint Satisfaction and Analytical Redundancy Relations." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems 44, no. 1 (January 2014): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2013.2238924.

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Yu, Ming, Danwei Wang, Ming Luo, and Lei Huang. "Prognosis of Hybrid Systems With Multiple Incipient Faults: Augmented Global Analytical Redundancy Relations Approach." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans 41, no. 3 (May 2011): 540–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsmca.2010.2076396.

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Mohammadi, Arman, and Amin Ramezani. "An Active Actuator Fault-Tolerant Control of a Quadrotor Based on Analytical Redundancy Relations." Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Electrical Engineering 44, no. 3 (December 16, 2019): 1069–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40998-019-00292-6.

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Petelin, Daniil, Alexey Fomin, Pavel Laryushkin, Oxana Fomina, Giuseppe Carbone, and Marco Ceccarelli. "Design, Kinematics and Workspace Analysis of a Novel 4-DOF Kinematically Redundant Planar Parallel Grasping Manipulator." Machines 11, no. 3 (February 22, 2023): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11030319.

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This article presents a model of a novel 4-DOF kinematically redundant planar parallel grasping manipulator. As distinct from the traditional 4-DOF manipulator, the proposed design includes an extensible platform, which provides kinematic redundancy. This constructive feature is used for grasping. The article discusses the inverse and forward kinematics of the proposed manipulator. The inverse kinematics algorithm provides the analytical relations between the platform coordinates and the driven (controlled) coordinates. The forward kinematics algorithm allows defining different assembly modes of the manipulator. Both algorithms are demonstrated using numerical examples. The article discusses different designs of the manipulator in which its links are placed in one, two, or three layers. Based on these designs, we performed their workspace analyses.

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Ghasem Kazemi, Mohammad, and Mohsen Montazeri. "A New Hybrid Robust Fault Detection of Switching Systems by Combination of Observer and Bond Graph Method." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 2157. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2157-2171.

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<p>In this paper, the problem of robust Fault Detection (FD) for continuous time switched system is tackled using a hybrid approach by combination of a switching observer and Bond Graph (BG) method. The main criteria of an FD system including the fault sensitivity and disturbance attenuation level in the presence of parametric uncertainties are considered in the proposed FD system. In the first stage, an optimal switching observer based on state space representation of the BG model is designed in which simultaneous fault sensitivity and disturbance attenuation level are satisfied using H􀀀=H1 index. In the second stage, the Global Analytical Redundancy Relations (GARRs) of the switching system are derived based on the output estimation error of the observer, which is called Error-based Global Analytical Redundancy Relations (EGARRs). The parametric uncertainties are included in the EGARRs, which define the adaptive thresholds on the residuals. A constant term due to the effect of disturbance is also considered in the thresholds. In fact, a two-stage FD system is proposed wherein some criteria may be considered in each stage. The efficiency of the proposed method is shown for a two-tank system.</p>

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Borutzky, Wolfgang. "Fault indicators and unique mode-dependent state equations from a fixed-causality diagnostic bond graph of linear models with ideal switches." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 232, no. 6 (February 15, 2018): 695–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651818755292.

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Analytical redundancy relations are fundamental in model-based fault detection and isolation. Their numerical evaluation yields a residual that may serve as a fault indicator. Considering switching linear time-invariant system models that use ideal switches, it is shown that analytical redundancy relations can be systematically deduced from a diagnostic bond graph with fixed causalities that hold for all modes of operation. Moreover, as to a faultless system, the presented bond graph–based approach enables to deduce a unique implicit state equation with coefficients that are functions of the discrete switch states. Devices or phenomena with fast state transitions, for example, electronic diodes and transistors, clutches, or hard mechanical stops are often represented by ideal switches which give rise to variable causalities. However, in the presented approach, fixed causalities are assigned only once to a diagnostic bond graph. That is, causal strokes at switch ports in the diagnostic bond graph reflect only the switch-state configuration in a specific system mode. The actual discrete switch states are implicitly taken into account by the discrete values of the switch moduli. The presented approach starts from a diagnostic bond graph with fixed causalities and from a partitioning of the bond graph junction structure and systematically deduces a set of equations that determines the wanted residuals. Elimination steps result in analytical redundancy relations in which the states of the storage elements and the outputs of the ideal switches are unknowns. For the later two unknowns, the approach produces an implicit differential algebraic equations system. For illustration of the general matrix-based approach, an electromechanical system and two small electronic circuits are considered. Their equations are directly derived from a diagnostic bond graph by following causal paths and are reformulated so that they conform with the matrix equations obtained by the formal approach based on a partitioning of the bond graph junction structure. For one of the three mode-switching examples, a fault scenario has been simulated.

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Lounici, Yacine, Youcef Touati, and Smail Adjerid. "Uncertain fault estimation using bicausal bond graph: Application to intelligent autonomous vehicle." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 234, no. 10 (December 23, 2019): 1150–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651819892379.

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This article addresses the fault detection and isolation problem of uncertain systems using the bond graph model–based approach. The latter provides through its causal and structural properties an automatic analytical redundancy relations generation. The numerical evaluation of analytical redundancy relations yields residuals, which are used to verify the coherence between the real system and reference behaviors describing the nominal operation. In fact, the residual is compared to its thresholds to detect the fault. In addition, the comparison between all fault signatures allows making a decision on fault isolation. Moreover, to isolate the faults that activate the same set of residuals, an additional residual must be calculated for each fault. This additional residual is the comparison between two estimations of the considered fault obtained using the sensitivity relations. However, due to the presence of uncertainties, errors can occur in the fault estimation allowing false decisions on fault isolation. The novelties and innovative interests in the present work are (1) to improve the fault estimation procedure based on the uncertainties modeling and bicausality notion, in order to overcome the problem related to errors in the estimated fault and (2) to suitably generate the isolation thresholds in a systematic way using the uncertain fault estimation procedure proposed in this article so that fault can be isolated successfully. The proposed methodology is studied under various scenarios via simulations over an electromechanical traction system corresponding to a quarter of intelligent autonomous vehicle, named RobuCar.

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Mellal, Mohamed Arezki, Smaïl Adjerid, and Djamel Benazzouz. "Modeling and Simulation of Mechatronic System to Integrated Design of Supervision: Using a Bond Graph Approach." Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (August 2011): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.467.

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The research in mechatronics focuses on the design and implementation of reliable, secure and economic systems. Our study is to modeling the operative part of a CNC machine using a bond graph approach with optimal placement of sensors in order to achieve a model for an integrated design of supervision. The proposed model allows a conception technically feasible and economically realizable to be integrated into production lines. The generation of analytical redundancy relations can find the FDI (Fault Detection and Isolation) matrix, that optimizes the maintenance function.

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Medjmadj, Slimane, Demba Diallo, and Mohammed Mostefai. "Robust Fault Diagnosis and Load Torque Estimation in Electrical Drives Using Analytical Redundancy Relations and Sliding Mode Observer." International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 186–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.15676/ijeei.2018.10.1.13.

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Villanueva, A., C. Verde, and L. Torres. "Improved Implementation of Nonlinear Analytical Redundancy Relations: Application in Robotics**Funded by: II-UNAM, IT100414-DGAPA-UNAM,CONACyT." IFAC-PapersOnLine 48, no. 19 (2015): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.12.002.

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Mardt, Felix, and Frank Thielecke. "Robust Model-Based Fault Detection Using Monte-Carlo Methods and Highest Density Regions." PHM Society European Conference 6, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36001/phme.2021.v6i1.2840.

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One of the major challenges in model based fault detection is the robust design of thresholds for the analytical redundancy relations. Those relations are residuals which differ from a zero in case of a fault and are equal to zero in the fault free case. In real world applications, however, these residuals usually differ from zero even in the fault free case due to, e.g. measurement errors and model uncertainties. This paper proposes a method based on Monte-Carlo simulations of possible residuals taking into account uncertainties as a-priori probability distributions. The statistical analysis of the resulting residual's probability distribution using posterior highest density regions enables a likelihood-based decision about the occurrence of a fault. The presented method is demonstrated and evaluated using a nonlinear physical model of an air cooling system of an unmanned aerial vehicle.

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CLARK, IAN. "Beyond the Great Divide: globalization and the theory of international relations." Review of International Studies 24, no. 4 (October 1998): 479–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210598004793.

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This article assesses the general significance for International Relations theory of the literature on globalization. It argues that globalization is a pervasively unsettling process which needs to be explained not only as an issue in its own right but for the insight which it affords into cognate areas of theory. In short, it advances an analytical model whereby globalization itself can be understood and utilizes this as a theoretical scheme that may be applied more generally. The predominant conceptualization of the globalization issue within International Relations has been the debate between the proponents of state redundancy and the champions of continuing state potency. In turn, these arguments rest upon an image of state capacities being eroded by external forces, or alternatively of external forces being generated by state action. In either case, there is the assumed duality of the state(s) set off from, and ranged against, a seemingly external environment. Instead, this article argues that the state occupies a middle ground between the internal and external and is itself both shaped by and formative of the process of globalization.

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Mattera, Claudio, Joseba Quevedo, Teresa Escobet, Hamid Shaker, and Muhyiddine Jradi. "A Method for Fault Detection and Diagnostics in Ventilation Units Using Virtual Sensors." Sensors 18, no. 11 (November 14, 2018): 3931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113931.

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Buildings represent a significant portion of global energy consumption. Ventilation units are complex components, often customized for the specific building, responsible for a large part of energy consumption. Their faults impact buildings’ energy efficiency and occupancy comfort. In order to ensure their correct operation, proper fault detection and diagnostics methods must be applied. Hardware redundancy, an effective approach to detect faults, leads to increased costs and space requirements. We propose exploiting physical relations inside ventilation units to create virtual sensors from other sensors’ readings, introducing redundancy in the system. We use two different measures to detect when a virtual sensor deviates from the physical one: coefficient of determination for linear models, and acceptable range. We tested our method on a real building at the University of Southern Denmark, developing three virtual sensors: temperature, airflow, and fan speed. We employed linear regression models, statistical models, and non-linear regression models. All models detected an anomalous strong oscillation in the temperature sensors. Readings fell outside the acceptable range and the coefficient of determination dropped. Our method showed promising results by introducing redundancy in the system, which can benefit several applications, such as fault detection and diagnostics and fault-tolerant control. Future work will be necessary to discover thresholds and set up automatic fault detection and diagnostics.

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Yassine, Abed, Stéphane Ploix, and Jean-Marie Flaus. "A Method for Sensor Placement Taking into Account Diagnosability Criteria." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 497–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-008-0044-5.

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A Method for Sensor Placement Taking into Account Diagnosability CriteriaThis paper presents a new approach to sensor placement based on diagnosability criteria. It is based on the study of structural matrices. Properties of structural matrices regarding detectability, discriminability and diagnosability are established in order to be used by sensor placement methods. The proposed approach manages any number of constraints modelled by linear or nonlinear equations and it does not require the design of analytical redundancy relations. Assuming that a constraint models a component and that the cost of the measurement of each variable is defined, a method determining sensor placements satisfying diagnosability specifications, where all the diagnosable, discriminable and detectable constraint sets are specified, is proposed. An application example dealing with a dynamical linear system is presented.

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Cordier, M. O., P. Dague, F. Levy, J. Montmain, M. Staroswiecki, and L. Trave-Massuyes. "Conflicts Versus Analytical Redundancy Relations: A Comparative Analysis of the Model Based Diagnosis Approach From the Artificial Intelligence and Automatic Control Perspectives." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics) 34, no. 5 (October 2004): 2163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2004.835010.

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Koshkareva, N. D. "Typical Existential-Spatial Syntactic Structures and Their Semantics in the Khanty and Nenets Languages." Philology 17, no. 9 (2018): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2018-17-9-53-65.

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In the following article, we classify the typical existential-spatial syntactic structures in two Khanty dialects (Kazym and Surgut) and two Nenets dialects (Forest and Tundra). We distinguish two classes of elementary simple sentences corresponding to one proposition: static, or existential-locative, denoting an un-changing state of an object in space, and dynamic, denoting transition from one point to another. Each of these classes contains causative variants denoting causa-tion of location (who keeps what and where) and causation of movement, or transition (who moves what and where), which are represented by non-elementary simple sentences. Khanty and Nenets, as well as their dialects, differ by how they represent spatial relations: in Khanty, analytical means (postpositions and preverbs) prevail, whereas in Nenets, synthetic means (case markers) are more common. Existential-spatial relations are expressed by the following means: adverbs, postpositions, case markers, preverbs (the latter are unique for Ugric languages). Kazym dialect of the Khanty language has a reduced case system, in which two cases are contrasted, namely locative-instrumental and dative-directional, expressing static and dynamic spatial relations. In the Surgut dialect, there are two com-peting directional cases, as well as locative and ablative. In Nenets, there is a case system where each spatial case denotes a certain type of spatial relations: place, direction, starting point, and route. Correspondingly, in Kazym dialect, one mostly finds analytical means of expression of spatial relations; postpositions and preverbs are more frequent than in other Khanty and Nenets dialects analyzed in our work. component structure and leads to clearing of an internal form at his expansion, and sometimes serves as attempt of national and etymological decoding of an image. The semantic redundancy, a pleonasm inherent in some turns with components distributors. In some cases the specifying component can provoke semantic shifts of phraseological units or promote representation of other mental installations. The practical value of comparison of dialect and all-Russian constructive options (except conclusions about structural-semantic and figurative and pragmatical properties of phraseological units) consists in a possibility of specification of historical and etymological versions and clearings of a phraseological image.

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Blesa, Joaquim, Joseba Quevedo, Vicenç Puig, Fatiha Nejjari, Raul Zaragoza, and Alejandro Rolán. "Fault Diagnosis and Prognosis of a Brushless DC motor using a Model-based Approach." PHM Society European Conference 5, no. 1 (July 22, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36001/phme.2020.v5i1.1257.

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This paper proposes a model-based fault diagnosis and prognosis approach applied to brushless DC motors (BLDC). The objective is an early detection of mechanical and electrical faults in BLDC motors operating under a variety of operating conditions. The proposed model-based method is based on the evaluation of a set of residuals that are computed taking into account analytical redundancy relations. Fault diagnosis consist of two steps: First, checking if at least one of the residuals is inconsistent with the normal operation of the system. And, second, evaluating the set of the residuals that are inconsistent to determine which fault is present in the system. Fault prognosis consists of the same two steps but instead of considering current inconsistencies evaluates drift deviations from nominal operation to predict futures residual inconsistencies and therefore predict future fault detections and diagnosis. A description of various kinds of mechanical and electrical faults that can occur in a BLDC motor is presented. The performance of the proposed method is illustrated through simulation experiments.

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Ouziala, Mahdi, Youcef Touati, Sofiane Berrezouane, Djamel Benazzouz, and Belkacem Ouldbouamama. "Optimized fault detection using bond graph in linear fractional transformation form." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 235, no. 8 (January 24, 2021): 1460–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651820985617.

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This article deals with the optimal robust fault detection problem using the bond graph in its linear fractional transformation form. Generally, this form of the bond graph allows the generation of two perfectly separate analytical redundancy relations, that are used as residual and threshold. However, the uncertainty calculation method gives overestimated thresholds. This may, for instance, lead to undetectable faults. Therefore, enhancing the robustness of fault detection and isolation algorithms is of utmost importance in designing a bond graph–based fault detection system. The main idea of this article is to develop optimized thresholds to ensure an optimal detection, otherwise this article proposes a method to detect tiny magnitude faults concerning parameter’s uncertainties. This work considers the issue of optimal fault detection as an optimization problem of the gap between the residuals and its threshold. New uncertainty values will be calculated in a way that these estimated parameters ensure the desired optimized gap between residuals and thresholds. These estimated uncertainty values will be used to generate optimized adaptive thresholds. Through these thresholds, we increase the sensitivity of the residuals to tiny magnitude faults, and we ensure an optimal and early detection.

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Huang, Chen, Lidan Zhou, Zujia Cao, and Gang Yao. "Fault-Tolerant Control Strategy with Asymmetric Phase Currents for Single to Four-Phase Open-Circuit Faults of Six-Phase PMSM." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 3163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113163.

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Multi-phase motors and generators are regarded with great fault tolerance capability, especially on open-circuit faults. Various mathematics analytical methods are applied for their fault control. In this paper, a fault-tolerant control strategy with asymmetric phase current for the open-circuit faults with arbitrary phases in the six-phase PMSM (six-phase permanent magnetic synchronous motor, 6P-PMSM) system, is proposed for better electrical and dynamical performance of the machine. An innovative mathematical model for PMSM under one to four-phase-open circuit faults are established considering the asymmetry of the machine. Combining with time-varying relations in machines’ working conditions, targeted decoupling transformation matrixes of every kind of open-circuit faults are settled by voltage equations under different faults. Modified control strategy with a connection between the neutral point and the inverter’s DC side is presented, which aims at increasing the system redundancy and reducing the amplitude of phase currents. Besides, improved control loops with two layers are put forward as well, with which the PMSM system acquires fewer harmonics in phase current and smoother electromagnetic torque. Simulation and experimental results of open-circuit faults are provided for verification of the theoretical analysis.

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Yu, Ming, Haotian Lu, Hai Wang, Chenyu Xiao, and Dun Lan. "Compound Fault Diagnosis and Sequential Prognosis for Electric Scooter with Uncertainties." Actuators 9, no. 4 (December 3, 2020): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act9040128.

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This paper addresses diagnosis and prognosis problems for an electric scooter subjected to parameter uncertainties and compound faults (i.e., permanent fault and intermittent fault with non-monotonic degradation). First, the diagnostic bond graph in linear fractional transformation form is used to model the uncertain electric scooter and derive the analytical redundancy relations incorporating the nominal part and uncertain part, based on which the adaptive thresholds for robust fault detection and the fault signature matrix for fault isolation can be obtained. Second, an adaptive enhanced unscented Kalman filter is proposed to identify the fault magnitudes and distinguish the fault types where an auxiliary detector is introduced to capture the appearing and disappearing moments of intermittent fault. Third, a dynamic model with usage dependent degradation coefficient is developed to describe the degradation process of intermittent fault under various usage conditions. Due to the variation of degradation coefficient and the presence of non-monotonic degradation characteristic under some usage conditions, a sequential prognosis method is proposed where the reactivation of the prognoser is governed by the reactivation events. Finally, the proposed methods are validated by experiment results.

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Borutzky, W. "Bond graph model-based fault detection using residual sinks." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 223, no. 3 (December 11, 2008): 337–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09596518jsce666.

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In this paper, residual sinks are used in bond graph model-based quantitative fault detection for the coupling of a model of a faultless process engineering system to a bond graph model of the faulty system. By this way, integral causality can be used as the preferred computational causality in both models. There is no need for numerical differentiation. Furthermore, unknown variables do not need to be eliminated from power continuity equations in order to obtain analytical redundancy relations (ARRs) in symbolic form. Residuals indicating faults are computed numerically as components of a descriptor vector of a differential algebraic equation system derived from the coupled bond graphs. The presented bond graph approach especially aims at models with non-linearities that make it cumbersome or even impossible to derive ARRs from model equations by elimination of unknown variables. For illustration, the approach is applied to a non-controlled as well as to a controlled hydraulic two-tank system. Finally, it is shown that not only the numerical computation of residuals but also the simultaneous numerical computation of their sensitivities with respect to a parameter can be supported by bond graph modelling.

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Singh, Rajmeet, and Tarun Kumar Bera. "Fault detection, isolation and reconfiguration of a bipedal-legged robot." SIMULATION 95, no. 10 (October 15, 2018): 955–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549718803716.

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This paper deals with the fault detection, isolation (FDI) and reconfiguration of the locomotion of a bipedal-legged robot. Initially, the planar model of the legged robot in the vertical plane is developed using a bond graph (BG) approach. Then, the planar BG model of the legged robot is extended to the three-dimensional legged robot. Two individual motors are used to actuate the prismatic leg of the robot for locomotion. The BG simulation provides results for straight walking based on an oscillating cylinder mechanism and the turning motion of the legged robot are discussed. The prototype model of the legged robot is also developed and experimentation is done for straight and inclined plane applications. Finally, an FDI technique for the three-dimensional model of a legged robot is developed for the generation of fault indicators (i.e., analytical redundancy relations; ARRs) in the presence of system failure. The ARRs are derived from the BG model of the legged robot during the occurrences of the fault. The experimental results are validated with the simulation results for FDI and reconfiguration when the robot manoeuvres in a U-shaped path. The real-time fault diagnosis and reconfiguration for locomotion of the legged robot is possible with this FDI approach.

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Singh, Manarshhjot, Anne-Lise Gehin, and Belkacem Ould-Boaumama. "Robust Detection of Minute Faults in Uncertain Systems Using Energy Activity." Processes 9, no. 10 (October 11, 2021): 1801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9101801.

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Fault detection is one of the key steps in Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) and, therefore, critical for subsequent prognosis or implementation of Fault Tolerant Control (FTC). It is, therefore, advisable to utilize detection algorithms which are quick and can detect the smallest faults. Model-based detection methods satisfy both these criteria and should be preferred. However, a big limitation for model-based methods is that they require the accurate value of the component parameters, which is difficult to obtain in real situations. This limits the accuracy of model-based methods. This paper proposes a new method for fault detection using Energy Activity (EA) which can detect minute levels of fault in systems with high component uncertainty. Different forms of EA are developed for use as an FDI metric. The proposed forms are simulated using a two-tank system under various types of faults. The results are compared with each other and with the traditional model-based FDI method using Analytical Redundancy Relations (ARRs). The simulations are performed considering model uncertainties to check the inherent performance of the methods. From initial simulations, it is established that the integral form of EA is most suited for fault detection. The integral for if EA is then tested using a real two-tank system considering both the model and measurement uncertainties.

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Boukerdja, Mahdi, Youness Radi, Omprakash, Sumit Sood, Belkacem Ould-Bouamama, Aissa Chouder, Anne-Lise Gehin, Jean-Yves Dieulot, and Mathieu Bressel. "LFT Bond Graph for Online Robust Fault Detection and Isolation of Hybrid Multi-Source System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2065, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2065/1/012010.

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Abstract Green hydrogen is undoubtedly the most promising energy vector of the future because it is captured by renewable and inexhaustible sources, such as wind and/or solar energy, and can be stored over the long in high-pressure cylinders, which can be used to feed the fuel cells to produce the electricity without emitting any pollutants. The system incorporated renewable sources and process used to produce the green hydrogen is the hybrid multi-source system (HMS). The production of hydrogen needs a reliable HMS, which always requires online monitoring for real-time Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) because the risk of accidents in HMS and safety issues increases due to the possibility of faults. However, online monitoring of FDI is challenging due to the multi-physics dynamics of HMS and the inclusion of uncertain parameters and several disturbances. This paper proposes an online robust fault detection algorithm to detect system faults based on the properties of the graphical linear fractional transformation bond graph (LFT-BG) modeling approach. Here, the analytical redundancy relations (ARRs) and their uncertain parts extracted from the LFT-BG model are used to develop an online robust FDI algorithm for HMS. Numerical evaluations of ARRs and their uncertain parts, respectively, generate the residual signals known as “faults indicators” and their uncertain bounds known as “adaptive thresholds.” These thresholds evolve with system variables in the presence of parameter uncertainties for ensuring robust FDI for HMS to minimize false alarms. The validation of this approach is carried out using 20sim software that is familiar with BG modeling.

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Borshchevskiy, George. "Foreign Policy Planning and the Effectiveness Evaluation of the Russian Foreign Ministry’s Bodies." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 2 (May 2021): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.2.17.

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Introduction. The paper aims to study the features of cascading goals and requirements for the activities of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs from the level of strategic documents of foreign policy planning to the duties of diplomatic servants, describe a mechanism for assessing the achievement of these priorities, identify gaps between them and work out ways to optimize. Methods and materials. The author applies the following methods: comparative legal, structural and logical, classification, comparison, analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators, decomposition of goals. Regulatory legal acts and materials of law enforcement practice are studied. Analysis. An analytical tool was developed to assess the level of effectiveness of foreign agencies of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Results. The paper reveals the redundancy and duplication of foreign policy planning goals. It is advisable to formulate foreign policy priorities in the “Foreign Policy” Public program. Gaps between the goals of the state’s foreign policy and the goals that guide diplomatic institutions are identified. The author proposes measures to optimize the control and reporting of overseas agencies. It is proposed to change the personnel paradigm of the diplomatic service from bureaucratic to active (focus on solving large-scale problems) and intermediary (search for compromises). To conduct a coordinated foreign policy, it is necessary to generalize the dynamics of the activities of all foreign agencies, objectively evaluate their contribution to the achievement of foreign policy priorities.

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Benhabib, B., R. G. Fenton, and A. A. Goldenberg. "Analytical Trajectory Optimization of Seven Degrees of Freedom Redundant Robots." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 4 (December 1987): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-1987-0022.

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The basic characteristic of kinematically redundant robots is that non-unique joint solutions may exist for a specified end effector location. Thus, trajectory planning for a kinematically redundant robot requires an optimization procedure to determine the joint displacements when solving the inverse kinematics relations. In this paper an analytical solution is developed for the trajectory optimization problem of redundant robots based on the classical Lagrange’s method. A detailed formulation is provided for seven degrees of freedom robots, which minimizes the Euclidean norm of joint dislacements for point-to-point motion trajectory planning.

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Aminu, K. T., M. M. Jibril, A. A. Jimoh, S. Mohammed, and A. G. Jumba. "Fault Detection and Isolation of a Three-tank System Using Analytical Temporal Redundancy – Parity Space/Relation Based Residual Generation." International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering 06, no. 01 (2020): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31695/ijasre.2020.33692.

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Hasan Ebrahimi, Saeed, Martin Choux, and Van Khang Huynh. "Real-Time Detection of Incipient Inter-Turn Short Circuit and Sensor Faults in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives Based on Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test and Structural Analysis." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 29, 2022): 3407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093407.

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This paper presents a robust model-based technique to detect multiple faults in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), namely inter-turn short circuit (ITSC) and encoder faults. The proposed model is based on a structural analysis, which uses the dynamic mathematical model of a PMSM in an abc frame to evaluate the system’s structural model in matrix form. The just-determined and over-determined parts of the system are separated by a Dulmage–Mendelsohn decomposition tool. Subsequently, the analytical redundant relations obtained using the over-determined part of the system are used to form smaller redundant testable sub-models based on the number of defined fault terms. Furthermore, four structured residuals are designed based on the acquired redundant sub-models to detect measurement faults in the encoder and ITSC faults, which are applied in different levels of each phase winding. The effectiveness of the proposed detection method is validated by an in-house test setup of an inverter-fed PMSM, where ITSC and encoder faults are applied to the system in different time intervals using controllable relays. Finally, a statistical detector, namely a generalized likelihood ratio test algorithm, is implemented in the decision-making diagnostic system resulting in the ability to detect ITSC faults as small as one single short-circuited turn out of 102, i.e., when less than 1% of the PMSM phase winding is short-circuited.

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Heimann, C. F. Larry. "Understanding the Challenger Disaster: Organizational Structure and the Design of Reliable Systems." American Political Science Review 87, no. 2 (June 1993): 421–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2939051.

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The destruction of the space shuttle Challenger was a tremendous blow to American space policy. To what extent was this loss the result of organizational factors at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration? To discuss this question analytically, we need a theory of organizational reliability and agency behavior. Martin Landau's work on redundancy and administrative performance provides a good starting point for such an effort. Expanding on Landau's work, I formulate a more comprehensive theory of organizational reliability that incorporates both type I and type II errors. These principles are then applied in a study of NASA and its administrative behavior before and after the Challenger accident.

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Guo, Ningbo, Mingyong Jiang, Lijing Gao, Yizhuo Tang, Jinwei Han, and Xiangning Chen. "CRABR-Net: A Contextual Relational Attention-Based Recognition Network for Remote Sensing Scene Objective." Sensors 23, no. 17 (August 29, 2023): 7514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23177514.

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Remote sensing scene objective recognition (RSSOR) plays a serious application value in both military and civilian fields. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have greatly enhanced the improvement of intelligent objective recognition technology for remote sensing scenes, but most of the methods using CNN for high-resolution RSSOR either use only the feature map of the last layer or directly fuse the feature maps from various layers in the “summation” way, which not only ignores the favorable relationship information between adjacent layers but also leads to redundancy and loss of feature map, which hinders the improvement of recognition accuracy. In this study, a contextual, relational attention-based recognition network (CRABR-Net) was presented, which extracts different convolutional feature maps from CNN, focuses important feature content by using a simple, parameter-free attention module (SimAM), fuses the adjacent feature maps by using the complementary relationship feature map calculation, improves the feature learning ability by using the enhanced relationship feature map calculation, and finally uses the concatenated feature maps from different layers for RSSOR. Experimental results show that CRABR-Net exploits the relationship between the different CNN layers to improve recognition performance, achieves better results compared to several state-of-the-art algorithms, and the average accuracy on AID, UC-Merced, and RSSCN7 can be up to 96.46%, 99.20%, and 95.43% with generic training ratios.

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Семеног, Андрій Юрійович. "ЕКОСИСТЕМИ ЦИФРОВИХ ПЛАТФОРМ ЯК ФАКТОР ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ БІЗНЕСУ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Series: Economic sciences 137, no. 4 (December 5, 2019): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2413-0117.2019.4.4.

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The review of scholarly literature, analytical centers and international organizations reports evidence the growing role of digital platforms in transformation of business models of the past, shaping major trends in the digital economy development and relationships with various economic actors. However, the use of big data and the network effect poses serious risks to the existence of non-digital companies enhancing the relevance of the research on the factors and methods of platform influence upon the transformation of economic relations in Ukraine. The research methodology employed such general scientific methods as analysis and synthesis, analogy, logical and systemic approaches, and grouping. The study reveals the essence of digital platforms as the disruptors of classic business models. The key factors that allow digital platforms to capture market niches quickly are identified. Among them are active use of big data, algorithm development, network effects, cash flow from small transactions, evasion of rules and conditions, elimination of redundant actions and mediation, impeccable customer experience and the network leverage effect. The prerequisite for the platform transformational success is generating a new value to customers through financial savings, new experience and opportunities to participate in the creation of personal products and services. The study provides insights on the nature, structure, characteristics and models of digital platform ecosystems. It is argued that the most successful platforms build ecosystems that bring together companies, capital, communities, networks, people, data analysis and technology to create “disruptive” business models that might be a potential threat to the “survival” of non-digital businesses and the source of imbalance to the established economic order. Thus, a factor of “creative destruction” contributes to the emergence of new sources of economic growth. The complexity of identifying the effect from the development of digital platforms ecosystems offers implications for setting further research areas.

Journal articles on the topic 'Analytical redundancy relations'

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