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Khatab, Abdul Mouez. "Performance Analysis of Operating Wind Farms." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-331783.
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This work proposes a methodology to evaluate the performance of operating wind farms via the use of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) and modeled data. The potential annual energy is calculated per individual turbine considering underperforming/loss events to have their power output in accordance with a representative derived operational power curve. Losses/underperformance events are calculated and categorized into several groups aiming at identifying and quantify their causes. The methodology requires both anemometry data from SCADA system as well as modeled data. The discrepancy of the data representing the valid points of the power curve is taken into consideration as well when assessing the performance, i.e. wind speed vs power output of events that are not loss/underperformance. Production loss and relative standard deviation of power output of what is defined as “valid sample” in this work (per each turbine) are the main results obtained in this work. Finally, a number of optimization measures are suggested in order to enhance the performance, which can lead to a boost in the financial output of a wind farm. Aiming at judging the reliability of the proposed methodology, a case study is conducted and evaluated. The investigated case study shows that the methodology is capable of determining potential energy and associated losses/underperformance events. Several questions were raised during the assessment and are discussed in this report, recommendation for optimization measures are presented at the end of the study. Also, a discussion on the limitations and uncertainties associated to the presented methodology and the case study.
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Sundström, Oskar. "Multi-Criterion Macro-Siting Analysis of Offshore Wind Farm Potential in Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301667.
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Sverige har en stor potential för produktion av havsbaserad vindkraft. När teknologin utvecklas och de politiska förutsättningar förändras, kommer konstruktionen av havsbaserad vindkraft i landet troligtvis öka. Den presenterade metodologin går ut på att använda MCDM och AHP metoder i ett GIS för att producera en utvärderingskarta för potentiella platser att producera havsbaserad vindenergi. Målet med den här studien har varit att ta reda på vilken data som krävs och är relevant för att överföra svensk samt internationell standard och regler kring placeringen av havsbaserad vindkraft till ett eller flera lager av GIS data inom Sveriges exklusiva ekonomiska zon. Vidare har de existerande riksintressena för havsbaserad vindkraft utvärderats med hjälp av utvärderingskartan. Denna karta har blivit framtagen med hjälp av flertalet buffertzoner samt exkluderings- och fyra stycken utvärderingskriterier. Slutligen har studiens resultat används för att beräkna en potentiell årlig energiproduktion för offshore vindkraft i Sverige. Studien beaktar några av de sociala, tekniska och miljömässiga begränsningar som finns för havsbaserad vindenergi. Buffertzonerna samt exkluderings- och utvärderingskriterierna har bestämts med hjälp av en inledande litteraturstudie av tidigare forskning på ämnet. Den datan som använts i analysen har inhämtats från flera olika öppna onlineresurser samt från svenska myndigheter. Den efterföljande analysen har genomförts med hjälp av programmet QGIS. För att möjliggöra en kvantifiering av resultaten har utvärderings kartan omklassificerats till fyra olika kategorier: “poor”, “average”, “good” samt “excellent”. Studien visar att det är möjligt att överföra svensk samt internationell standard och regler till ett lager av GIS data. Resultatet visar att att enbart 48% av arean inom de definierade riksintressena för havsbaserad vindkraft bör beaktas vid allokering av havsbaserad vindenergi, enligt de begränsningar som definierats i denna studie. Vidare påvisar resultatet att enbart 19% av arean inom de utpekade riksintressena för vindkraft kan klassificeras som “good” eller “excellent”. Samtidigt påvisar studien att 20.3% av studieområdet bedöms som lämpligt för allokering av havsbaserad vindkraft, av dessa lämpliga områden klassificeras 62.7% som “good” och “excellent”. Den potentiella årliga energiproduktionen uppskattas till 56.1 TWh inom riksintressena för havsbaserad vindkraft samt till 915.3 TWh inom hela studieområdet.
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Merkai, Christina. "Tidal park within offshore wind parks : An analysis for the potential use of tidal kites within the Aberdeen offshore wind farm." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240594.
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Offshore wind has proved to be one of the most reliable and clean energy sources over the last few years. The industry has experienced a significant growth, with an increase of 101% only in 2017 compared to 2016. This raises the importance of the need for more secure power supply systems, which can be used for controlling the offshore farms during disconnections from the main grid. Nowadays, diesel generators are being used to feed auxiliary services of the offshore wind turbines in situations of emergency. However, as the marine renewable energy industry evolves, tidal energy parks have the potential to replace diesel generators and provide a more sustainable and eco-friendly solution for a long-term auxiliary power system. Moreover, they have the potential to produce extra power, which can be either stored for future use or linked directly to distribution. This report demonstrates a technical, financial and environmental assessment of a potential tidal park within an offshore wind park. Comparison with alternative sources for emergency power supply is also performed. Three alternative locations with high wind speeds and large tidal resource around the UK coast and four different groups of tidal devices are evaluated and compared for the implementation of this solution with the use of ArcGIS maps and other accessible marine data. The Aberdeen wind farm and the tidal kites are selected for further investigation and cost analysis. Seven tidal kites with average power 700 kW and rated power 3.5 MW can provide adequate power to the offshore wind farm for three months without grid connection, whereas they can also provide excess of energy on daily basis when grid disconnection does not occur. The total cost for the project would be approximately 301.6 MSEK. Due to the current renewable energy market, the project is not feasible without high investment risks. However, this study should be evaluated again in the near future when the cost of the tidal device will be further decreased.Havsbaserad vind har visat sig vara en av de mest tillförlitliga och rena energikällorna under senare år. Inom denna industri har en betydande tillväxt skett, med en ökning med 101% år 2017 jämfört med 2016. Detta relaterar till behovet av säkra elförsörjningssystem, som kan användas för att styra havsbaserade vindraftverksparker under urkoppling från huvudnätet. Numera används dieselgeneratorer som reservkälla till havsvindkraftverk i nödsituationer. Men när den marina förnybara energiindustrin utvecklas, har tidvattenkraftverk potential att ersätta dieselgeneratorer och ge ett mer hållbar och miljövänlig långtidslösning. Dessutom har de potential att producera extra el, som antingen kan lagras för framtida användning eller kopplas direkt till distributionsnätet. Denna rapport erbjuder en teknisk, finansiell och miljömässig bedömning av en potentiell tidvattenkraftverkspark kopplad till en havsvindpark. Jämförelse med alternativa källor för strömförsörjning genomförs också. Tre alternativa platser med hög vindstyrka och stora tidvattenresurser längs Storbritanniens kust och fyra olika grupper av tidvattenanordningar utvärderas och jämförs med hjälp av kartor och andra tillgängliga marina data. Aberdeen vindkraftpark och tidvattendrakar väljs för ytterligare undersökning och kostnadsanalys. Sju tidvattendrakar med genomsnittlig effekt på 700 kW och nominell effekt 3,5 MW kan ge tillräckligt med el till havsvindkraftverk i tre månader utan nätförbindelse, medan de också kan ge överflöd av energi dagligen när strömavbrott inte förekommer. Den totala kostnaden för projektet skulle vara cirka 301,6 MSEK. På grund av läget idag på elmarknaden för förnybar energi, är projektet inte genomförbart utan höga investeringsrisker. Men den här studien bör utvärderas igen inom en snar framtid när kostnaden för tidvattenanordningen har minskat.
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Xu, Xiao Mark. "Developing a GIS-Based Decision Support Tool For Evaluating Potential Wind Farm Sites." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2348.
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In recent years, the popularity of wind energy has grown. It is starting to play a large role in generating renewable, clean energy around the world. In New Zealand, there is increasing recognition and awareness of global warming and the pollution caused by burning fossil fuels, as well as the increased difficulty of obtaining oil from foreign sources, and the fluctuating price of non-renewable energy products. This makes wind energy a very attractive alternative to keep New Zealand clean and green. There are many issues involved in wind farm development. These issues can be grouped into two categories - economic issues and environmental issues. Wind farm developers often use site selection process to minimise the impact of these issues. This thesis aims to develop GIS based models that provide effective decision support tool for evaluating, at a regional scale, potential wind farm locations. This thesis firstly identifies common issues involved in wind farm development. Then, by reviewing previous research on wind farm site selection, methods and models used by academic and corporate sector to solve issues are listed. Criteria for an effective decision support tool are also discussed. In this case, an effective decision support tool needs to be flexible, easy to implement and easy to use. More specifically, an effective decision support tool needs to provide users the ability to identify areas that are suitable for wind farm development based on different criteria. Having established the structure and criteria for a wind farm analysis model, a GIS based tool was implemented using AML code using a Boolean logic model approach. This method uses binary maps for the final analysis. There are a total of 3645 output maps produced based on different combination of criteria. These maps can be used to conduct sensitivity analysis. This research concludes that an effective GIS analysis tool can be developed for provide effective decision support for evaluating wind farm sites.
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Baak, Werner. "TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF REPOWERING POTENTIAL IN NORTH RHINE-WESTPHALIA, GERMANY." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-398228.
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Germany is one of the pioneer countries in wind turbine technology. They installed many wind turbines during the last decades and are now confronted with a shortage of land suitable for new wind parks. Now, with an estimated wind turbine service life of 20 – 25 years whole wind parks are becoming obsolete and owners have to decide whether do decommission, repower or to continue the operation of their parks. The advantages of repowering as well as the bureaucratic hurdles are outlined and evaluated. This thesis deals with the repowering potential in North Rhine-Westphalia and is analysing the technical and economical possibilities of repowering. The main objectives are to identify wind turbines eligible for repowering and also to develop repowering scenarios in order to determine their techno-economic feasibility. The designed steps of the methodology allow the census and the subsequent implementation of the results in WindPro and RETScreen.
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Eppanapelli, Lavan Kumar. "Investigation of wind potential variation at three measurement sites based on atmospheric stability and power production." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-136935.
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As tapping energy from wind expands rapidly worldwide, it is a common procedure to locate a practicable site to extract energy from abundant wind flow by building wind farms. Comprehensive understanding of wind resource at a site is important to perform the main activities say, wind flow modeling, wind turbines micro siting, annual energy yield calculation and cost of energy estimation. Wind measuring campaigns involve using of measuring instruments such as meteorological tower instrumented with anemometers, wind vanes and temperature sensors; remote sensing devices such as SoDAR, LiDAR. These meteorological devices provide detailed information on wind behavior with respect to the height, time and temperature. These systems were proven in providing promising wind measurements even though they are susceptible to certain weather conditions. The study progressed by focusing on the wind behavior at three locations to investigate the possible factors that varies the wind character. A location with one met mast and two AQ500 SoDAR systems was considered for this project where one AQ500 is 800m away and other AQ500 is 5515m away from the point of Met mast. The location is contemplated as a decent approach to the spatial analysis of the wind resource as there is a large scope to analyze the wind character between two nearby sites and two faraway sites. Monostatic 3-beam SoDAR systems from AQ System, Sweden and 100m meteorological tower with instruments are used in this project work for collecting the wind data. One-year worth of wind data at standard 10min intervals has been collected from the three systems. This report outlines the theoretical description of project location, AQ500 SoDAR and Met mast. A detailed explanation of the data quality control and filtering methods are discussed along with respective reasons. The conclusion is drawn after performing the statistical analysis between wind speed and other parameters such as turbulent intensity, wind direction, thermal stability and temperature. Mat lab is used for computing and analyzing the wind data from three systems.
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Graham, Tara L. "Wind Energy-related Wildlife Impacts: Analysis and Potential Implications for Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species of Birds and Bats in Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30459/.
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Texas currently maintains the highest installed nameplate capacity and does not require publicly available post-construction monitoring studies that examine the impacts of wind energy production on surrounding fauna. This thesis examines potential wind energy impacts on avian and bat species in Texas through a three-part objective. The first two objectives synthesize literature on variables attractive to species within wind development areas and estimate impacted ranges outside of Texas, based on studies examining wind energy's environmental impacts. The third objective focuses on Texas wind development potential for interaction with rare, threatened and endangered species of birds and bats using GIS analysis with a potential hazard index (PHI) model, which addresses broad-spectrum, high risk variables examined within the first two objectives. Assuming areas with higher wind speeds have potential for wind development, PHI values were calculated for 31 avian and ten bat species, based on an analysis of species range data obtained from the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and wind data obtained from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Results indicate one avian species, Tympanuchus pallidicinctus, is at high risk for wind development interaction on an annual basis, with 20 species of birds and nine species of bats at higher risk during the spring season. This macro-scale approach for identifying high risk species in Texas could be used as a model to apply to other conterminous states' preliminary evaluation of wind energy impacts.
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Ozoemena, Matthew. "Sustainability assessment of wind turbine design variations : an analysis of the current situation and potential technology improvement opportunities." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2016. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/27221/.
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Over the last couple of decades, there has been increased interest in environmentally friendly technologies. One of the renewable energy sources that has experienced huge growth over the years is wind power with the introduction of new wind farms all over the world, and advances in wind power technology that have made this source more efficient. This recognition, together with an increased drive towards ensuring the sustainability of wind energy systems, has led many to forecast the drivers for future performance. This study aims to identify the most sustainable wind turbine design option for future grid electricity within the context of sustainable development. As such, a methodology for sustainability assessment of different wind turbine design options has been developed taking into account environmental, data uncertainty propagation and economic aspects. The environmental impacts have been estimated using life cycle assessment, data uncertainty has been quantified using a hybrid DQI-statistical method, and the economic assessment considered payback times. The methodology has been applied to a 1.5 MW wind turbine for an assessment of the current situation and potential technology improvement opportunities. The results of this research show that overall, the design option with the single-stage/permanent magnet generator is the most sustainable. More specifically, the baseline turbine performs best in terms of embodied carbon and embodied energy savings. On the other hand, the design option with the single-stage/permanent magnet generator performs best in terms of wind farm life cycle environmental impacts and payback time compared to the baseline turbine. With respect to the design options with increased tower height, it is estimated that both designs are the least preferred options given their payback times. Therefore, the choice of the most sustainable design option depends crucially on the importance placed on different sustainability indicators which should be acknowledged in decision making and policy.
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Balog, Irena. "Analysis of fluid-mechanical efficiency of offshore wind turbines from regional to local scale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/11101.
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2013/2014Renewable energy resources, such as wind, are available worldwide. Locating areas with high and continual wind sources are crucial in pre-planning of wind farms. Vast offshore areas are characterized with higher and more reliable wind resources in comparison with continental areas. However, offshore wind energy production is in a quite preliminary phase. Elaborating the potential productivity of wind farms over such areas is challenging due to sparse in situ observations. Mediterranean basin is not an exception. The overall aim of this thesis is to perform analysis in model efficiency in estimation of wind energy from regional to local scale. First, we are proposing numerical simulations of near-surface wind fields from regional climate models (RCMs) in order to obtain and fill the gaps in observations over the Mediterranean basin. Four simulations produced with two regional climate models are examined. Remote sensing observations (QuikSCAT satellite) are used to assess the skill of the simulated fields. A technique in estimation the potential energy from the wind fields over the region is introduced locating the three potentially interesting sub-regions for wind farms. Then, we use local-scale model (large-eddy simulation) with implemented parameterization of wind turbine in order to simulate real case flow in theoretical wind farm. Information reported with regional climate model would be used to create inflow conditions for the selected sub-region of the Mediterranean Sea for simulating theoretical offshore wind farm. Finally, we would compare the estimation of wind power potential obtained by regional climate model and power production of theoretical wind farm obtained with large-eddy simulations for chosen sub-region. Within this multi-scale approach, we would present different numerical computational efficiency in application of wind energy and justification in usage of both regional and local scale models. The novelty of this multi-model methodological approach could be considered in offering significant information for wind industry.
XXVII Ciclo
1983
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Carneiro, Tatiane Carolyne. "Characterization of Potential Wind Generation EolioelÃtrica For Purposes: A Case Study For Maracanaà (CE), ParnaÃba (PI) and Petrolina (PE)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12256.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoIn recent years wind energy is becoming increasingly competitive on the world stage, making their participation in the electricity generation matrix presents a strong growth expectation. This dissertation initially presents an analysis of the behavior of wind at three locations in Northeast Brazil (Maracanau-CE, Petrolina-PE e Parnaiba-PI). In a second step, statistical analyzes are researched to the most appropriate behavior patterns of the observed wind resource in the three localities. In conclusion, the impact of the statistical analyzes used in the production of electricity from wind turbines is identified. In this study,historicaldata of speed and direction of wind collectedare used, during periods of: February 2012 to January 2013, to Maracanau; August 2012 to July 2013, for Parnaiba; and May 2012 to March 2013, for Petrolina. The Weibull distribution is applied to approximate the histograms of wind speed using different horizons of applications (annual, semiannual) and four different numerical methods (Empirical, Momentum, Energy Pattern Factor and Equivalent Energy) for estimation of the form and scale parameters. In addition to evaluating the application of Weibull, other frequency distributions (Normal, Gamma and Log-Normal)are analyzed, in order to obtain the best possible fit. In a last step, with the aid of RETScreen program,annual production of electricity, delivered to the grid from wind turbines,is calculated. The optimum wind speed occurred in Parnaiba (10 and 11 m / s), followed by Petrolina (8 and 9 m / s). Among all different numerical methods that was evaluated, the Equivalent Energy method presented the best performance, unlike the Energy Pattern Factor method, that presented the worst. The Weibull distribution showed good potential for setting wind data in Maracanau and Parnaiba, both located along the coastline. However, based on the wind data recorded, in Petrolina, which is located further inland, the performance was inferior. Among all the different frequency distributions that were verified, only normal distribution had an fit as good as Weibull distribution. Based on the annual electricity production estimation, Parnaiba is the city that has the best potential for energy production.
Nos Ãltimos anos a energia eÃlica tem se tornando cada vez mais competitiva no cenÃrio mundial, fazendo com que sua participaÃÃo na matriz elÃtrica apresente uma forte expectativa de crescimento. A presente dissertaÃÃo apresenta inicialmente uma anÃlise do comportamento do vento em trÃs localidades no Nordeste do Brasil (Maracanaà (CE), Petrolina (PE) e ParnaÃba (PI)); numa segunda etapa, sÃo pesquisadas anÃlises estatÃsticas mais adequadas aos padrÃes de comportamento do recurso eÃlico observado nas trÃs localidades e, concluindo, à identificado o impacto das anÃlises estatÃsticas utilizadas na produÃÃo de eletricidade de aerogeradores. Neste estudo sÃo utilizados dados histÃricos de velocidade e direÃÃo do vento coletados durante os perÃodos de: fevereiro de 2012 - janeiro de 2013 para MaracanaÃ, Agosto de 2012 - Julho de 2013 para ParnaÃba, maio de 2012 - marÃo 2013 para Petrolina. A distribuiÃÃo de frequÃncia de Weibull à aplicada para aproximar os histogramas de velocidade do vento, utilizando diferentes horizontes de aplicaÃÃes (anual, semestral) e quatro diferentes mÃtodos numÃricos (EmpÃrico, Momento, Fator PadrÃo de Energia e Energia Equivalente) para a estimaÃÃo dos parÃmetros de forma e escala. AlÃm de avaliar a aplicaÃÃo de Weibull, sÃo analisadas outras distribuiÃÃes de frequÃncia (Normal, Gama e Log-Normal) objetivando obter o melhor ajuste possÃvel. Numa Ãltima etapa, com o auxÃlio do programa RETScreen,à calculada a produÃÃo de eletricidade anual entregue à rede a partir de aerogeradores. Os melhores valores de velocidade do vento ocorreram em ParnaÃba (10 e 11 m/s), seguido de Petrolina (8 e 9 m/s). Dos diferentes mÃtodos numÃricos avaliados, o mÃtodo de energia equivalente apresentou o melhor desempenho e o mÃtodo fator de padrÃo de energia foi o mÃtodo com o pior desempenho. A distribuiÃÃo de Weibull demonstrou bom potencial para o ajuste de dados de vento em Maracanaà e ParnaÃba, ambas localizadas ao longo do litoral. No entanto, em Petrolina, que està situada mais para o interior, foi verificado um desempenho limitado a partir dos dados de vento registrados. Das diferentes distribuiÃÃes de frequÃncias testadas, apenas a distribuiÃÃo normal apresenta um ajuste aproximado ao que Weibull permite desenvolver. Com base nas estimaÃÃes da produÃÃo de eletricidade anual, ParnaÃba à a cidade que apresenta o melhor potencial para o aproveitamento eolioelÃtrico.
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Driemeier, Luís Henrique. "Estudo sobre o impacto do avanço tecnológico no potencial eólico do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/101213.
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Este trabalho apresenta uma avaliação do impacto do avanço tecnológico no potencial eólico do Rio Grande do Sul, a partir da evolução verificada nos aerogeradores desde o ano de 2002, data da publicação do atual Atlas Eólico do estado. Para tal, é exposto um panorama da energia eólica no Brasil e no mundo, assim como as características das circulações globais de massas de ar e os fenômenos que dão origem aos principais deslocamentos sobre o estado, bem como o comportamento do vento dentro da camada limite atmosférica. Para embasar o desenvolvimento desse trabalho são apresentadas as principais evoluções tecnológicas verificadas no período e como elas contribuíram para o aumento da competitividade da fonte, bem como as tendências para as futuras gerações de aerogeradores. Para realizar a estimativa do novo potencial eólico do estado desenvolveu-se uma ferramenta que converte a imagem dos mapas publicados no Atlas Eólico em uma matriz de valores, o que é realizado comparando a cor de cada pixel dos mapas às respectivas legendas. Tratando-se matematicamente os dados obtidos dos mapas de velocidade média de vento, fator de forma k e densidade do ar é possível calcular o potencial energético de cada um dos pontos dessa matriz de dados. Este potencial é obtido a partir da integração das curvas de potência, corrigidas para cada densidade do ar, com as distribuições de probabilidade de Weibull, calculadas a partir da velocidade média de vento e fator de forma de cada local do estado. De modo a validar o procedimento de cálculo utilizado, os resultados da integração, com o emprego da mesma curva de potência utilizada no Atlas Eólico, são comparados com os dados energéticos publicados no documento. Ao considerar aerogeradores mais modernos, com base na mesma metodologia de cálculo, o potencial eólico estimado para o Rio Grande do Sul, para localidades com ventos a partir de 7 m/s de média anual, aumentou em 65% sua capacidade de geração na altura de 75 m, alcançando um total de 219,26 TWh/ano. Nas mesmas condições, na altura de 100 m, o aumento foi de 61%, obtendo-se um potencial energético de 398,53 TWh/ano. Para ambas alturas citadas não há alteração significativa na potência instalável, estimada em 54,33 MW e 119,00 MW, respectivamente. A partir do banco de dados criado foi possível projetar, com base na lei logarítmica, a distribuição de vento nas alturas de 125 m e 150 m, anteriormente não apresentados no Atlas do estado. Nessas alturas o potencial teórico estimado foi de 761,94 TWh/ano e 872,30 TWh/ano, a partir de uma potência instalável de 211,31 MW e 270,25 MW, respectivamente.This paper intends to evaluate the impact of the technological advances on the wind power potential of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, based on the developments in wind turbines since 2002, year of publication of the current Wind Atlas. It is exposed an overview of the wind energy in Brazil and in the World , as well as the characteristics of the wind global circulation and the phenomena that give rise to the main wind displacements on the state area and the behavior of the wind within the atmospheric boundary layer. To support the development of this work, the main technological developments in the period and how they contributed to improve the competitiveness of this source are presented, as well as the trends for future wind turbines generations. In order to estimate a new wind potential for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, a program that compares the colors of each pixel on the maps published in the Wind Atlas with their captions, generating a matrix of data was developed. With the data obtained from the maps of the average wind speed, factor k and air density, it is possible to calculate the energy potential at each point of the matrix. This potential is obtained from the integration of power curves, corrected for each air density, using the Weibull probability distributions, calculated from the mean wind speed and form factor at each local of the state area. In order to validate the procedure, the results of the integration, applying the same power curve used in the Wind Atlas, are compared with the amount of energy published on the document. Making use of the modern wind turbines, based on the same calculation methodology, the wind energy potential of the Rio Grande do Sul, considering only sites with annual wind average speed higher than 7 m/s, increased its generation capacity at the height of 75 m by 65 %, reaching a total of 219.26 TWh/year. Under the same conditions, at the height of 100 m, the increase was 61 %, yielding an energy potential of 398.53 TWh/year. For both heights, there are not significant changes in the installable potential, estimated at 54.33 MW and 119.00 MW, respectively. From the database created it was possible to estimate, based on the logarithmic law, the distribution of the wind at heights of 125 m and 150 m, not previously presented in the Atlas of the state. At such heights, the estimated theorical potential is 761.94 TWh/year and 872.30 TWh/year, with an installed capacity of 211.31 MW and 270.25 MW, respectively.
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Neto, Hely FalcÃo Maia. "AnÃlise Comparativa da EficiÃncia de Sete MÃtodos NumÃricos para DeterminaÃÃo dos ParÃmetros da Curva de Weibull Utilizando Dados de Velocidade do Vento e de PotÃncia EÃlica." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8936.
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nÃo hÃPara determinar o potencial eÃlico de uma regiÃo à de fundamental importÃncia que seja realizado um estudo sobre as caracterÃsticas intrÃnsecas do vento do local. Este trabalho aborda alguns mÃtodos numÃricos a serem empregados no cÃlculo dos parÃmetros da distribuiÃÃo de Weibull que auxilia no estudo da velocidade do vento, para que haja uma correta definiÃÃo das condiÃÃes naturais existentes. O prÃvio conhecimento destas informaÃÃes coopera no processo de tomada de decisÃo sobre a viabilidade tÃcnica na instalaÃÃo de novos parques eÃlicos industriais. à realizada uma anÃlise estatÃstica entre sete sistemas matemÃticos conhecidos da literatura para estimar os parÃmetros ( k ) de forma e ( c ) de escala da curva de distribuiÃÃo de frequÃncias de Weibull. SÃo utilizados dados de velocidade do vento e de potÃncia eÃlica de duas cidades litorÃneas do Estado do Cearà pertencentes à regiÃo Nordeste do Brasil, Icapuà e Camocim. Os mÃtodos apurados no desenvolvimento desta pesquisa sÃo: MÃtodo GrÃfico, MÃtodo da MÃxima VerossimilhanÃa, MÃtodo da MÃxima VerossimilhanÃa Modificado, MÃtodo EmpÃrico, MÃtodo do Momento, MÃtodo da Energia PadrÃo e MÃtodo da Energia Equivalente. A realizaÃÃo da anÃlise comparativa de eficiÃncia e exatidÃo entre estes, compreende a aplicaÃÃo dos seguintes testes estatÃsticos: AnÃlise de VariÃncia (R2 ) , Raiz Quadrada dos Erros QuadrÃticos MÃdios (RMSE) e Teste do Qui-quadrado (X 2 ) .
To determine the wind potential of a region is of paramount importance that a study be conducted on the intrinsic characteristics of the wind site. This paper address some numerical methods to be used in calculating the parameters of the Weibull distribution the aids in the study of wind speed, so there is a correct definition of natural conditions existing. The previous knowledge of this information assist in the decision-making process on the technical feasibility of installing industrial wind farms. It perform a statistical analysis of seven mathematical systems known in the literature for estimating the parameters ( k ) form and ( c ) scale of the frequency distribution curve of Weibull. Data are used for wind speed and wind power from two coastal cities of Cearà State belonging to Northeast Brazil, Icapuà and Camocim. The methods to be employed in the development of this research are: Graphical Method, Maximum Likelihood Method, Maximum Likelihood Modified Method, Empirical Method, Moment Method, Energy Pattern Factor Method and the Equivalent Energy Method. The realization of the comparative analysis of efficiency and accuracy among these include the application of the following statistical tests: ANOVA(R2 ) , Square Root of Average Quadratic Errors (RMSE) and Chi-square (X 2 ).
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Wild, Sebastian [Verfasser], and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Nebel. "Dual-Pivot Quicksort and Beyond: Analysis of Multiway Partitioning and Its Practical Potential / Sebastian Wild ; Betreuer: Markus Nebel." Kaiserslautern : Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1116344645/34.
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Jacobs, Teri A. "Putting the Wild Back into Wilderness: GIS Analysis of the Daniel Boone National Forest for Potential Red Wolf Reintroduction." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1248796842.
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Maseng, Monique Rochelle. "Risk analysis and potential implications of exotic Gyrodactylus species on cultured and wild cyprinids in the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8321_1307685946.
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Koi and goldfish have been released into rivers in South Africa since the 1800&rsquo
s for food and sport fish and have since spread extensively. These fish are present in most of the river systems in South Africa and pose an additional threat the indigenous cyprinids in the Western Cape. Monogenean parasites of the genus Gyrodactylus are of particular concern, as their unique biology renders them a possible threat. Gyrodactylus kherulensis and G. kobayashii were identified from koi and goldfish respectively imported from Asia, Europe and locally bred fish. Morphometrics and the use of statistical classifiers, which includes univariate (ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis), bivariate (Pearson&rsquo
s correlation) and multivariate (Principal Component Analysis) placed the two species within their respective groups. There was some intraspecific variation among the different populations collected from the various locations, especially in the hamulus and ventral bar features, but the marginal hooklets, however, remained static for both helminth species.
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Yang, Jun [Verfasser], and Joachim M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wink. "Potential and practical application of MALDI-TOF technology for the analysis of bacterial communities / Jun Yang ; Betreuer: Joachim M. Wink." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1175822256/34.
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Adekunle, Omotoyosi O. "A CONJOINT ANALYSIS STUDY OF PREFERENCES AND PURCHASING BEHAVIOR OF POTENTIAL ADOPTERS OF THE BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT WILD HORSES." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/33.
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This study uses conjoint analysis to examine the preferences of buyers for Bureau of Land Management (BLM) wild horses based on physical attributes of wild horses and individual characteristics of the buyers. Generalized ordered logit models and multinomial logit models are used to study the impact of the buyers’ demographic characteristics such as age, gender, knowledge about wild horse care, and number of wild horses previously adopted on physical attributes of the horses such as color, age, height, training status, temperament, conformation, and unique markings. Using a choice experiment, taken together, these attributes determine buyer’s preferences for a wild horse. This study reveals that characteristics of buyers have significant effects on their preferences for wild horses. Their gender, age, knowledge about wild horse care, and the number of horses previously adopted influence the importance that buyers place on physical attributes of a wild horse in their decision to purchase a wild horse.
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Новик, К. С. "Автономні автоматизовані станції моніторингу з комбінованим джерелом живлення." Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/24808.
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Новик, К. С. Автономні автоматизовані станції моніторингу з комбінованим джерелом живлення : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 152 "Метрологія та інформаційно-вимірювальна техніка" / К. С. Новик ; керівник роботи М. В. Мошель ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра електричної інженерії та інформаційно – вимірювальних технологій. – Чернігів, 2021. – 68 с.Мета – підвищення ефективності системи живлення автономних автоматизованих станцій моніторингу за рахунок обґрунтування комбінованої структури з використанням фотоелектричних панелей та малопотужних вітрогенераторів. Автономні гідрометеорологічні станції моніторингу з кожним роком все ширше використовується як Україні та і в світі. Структура станцій моніторингу та типи вимірювальних перетворювачів залежить від її призначення та безпосередньо впливає на параметри джерела живлення. Запропоновано алгоритм моделювання фізичних процесів, який дозволяє обрати оптимальну потужність фотоелектричних панелей та вітрогенераторів. Запропонований алгоритм враховує погодження графіків генерації та споживання енергії в рамках автономної станції моніторингу та статистичний аналіз інформації сайту NASA.
Purpose – increasing the efficiency of the power supply system of autonomous automated monitoring stations by substantiating the combined structure with the use of photovoltaic panels and low-power wind turbines. Autonomous hydrometeorological monitoring stations are increasingly used both in Ukraine and in the world. The structure of monitoring stations and types of measuring transducers depend on its purpose and directly affect the parameters of the power supply. An algorithm for modeling physical processes is proposed, which allows to choose the optimal power of photovoltaic panels and wind turbines. The proposed algorithm takes into account the coordination of schedules of generation and consumption of energy within the autonomous monitoring station and statistical analysis of information from the NASA website.
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Agbonkonkon, Nosa. "Counter-flow Ion Mobility Analysis: Design, Instrumentation, and Characterization." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2136.pdf.
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Lagan, Oksana. "Potential of wind power in Ukraine." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11713.
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Шевцов, Сергій Валерійович, Сергей Валерьевич Шевцов, Serhii Valeriiovych Shevtsov, and A. Shavanov. "System of Ukraine wind energy potential management." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26730.
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Green, Michael Paul. "Using Mesoscale Meteorological Models to Assess Wind Energy Potential." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Environmental Science, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1275.
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As the demand for safe and clean electricity increases, the New Zealand wind energy industry seems poised to expand. Many generating companies have projects in the planning stage and there are likely to be many more potential sites yet to be identified. Reliable wind climate predictions over a wide area and for different heights above grounds are often vital to determine the viability of wind farm projects. This study investigates the use of meteorological mesoscale models to determine the wind and energy resource, particularly in areas of complex terrain. Complex terrain environments are likely to be typical of where New Zealand wind energy developments will take place. Using the prognostic mesoscale meteorological model TAPM (The Air Pollution Model), regions of relatively high mean wind speed were identified for a number of regions, including Banks Peninsula and parts of Canterbury and Otago. The simulations were conducted for a one-year period (2001) and at different heights above ground level. Depending on the resolution of the model calculations, speed-up effects from the forcing of some topographic features were accounted for by this model. Where the modelling was considered reliable, hourly wind data were obtained from grid points within the inner grid and used as input data for the industry-standard wind energy assessment model WAsP (The Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program). As WAsP is able to account for detailed topography and surface roughness features, wind and energy predictions at a specific site or over a wider area surrounding the site were made. Limitations of both models in complex terrain were identified. These limitations were due to a number of factors, including the grid spacing used for mesoscale model calculations, the complexity of the terrain, and difficulties in modelling some regional scale airflow regimes. Being aware of when and where model limitations are likely to occur is important in being able to overcome and account for them.
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Duvvury, Rolan Shawn. "Potential negative effects of wind turbines on the ear." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44927.
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This thesis presents investigations on the potential negative effects of wind turbine noise on the human ear from a sound point source (i.e. wind farm). In Chapter 2, the tectorial membrane, which is a crucial gelatinous structural matrix located within the cochlea of the inner ear, is considered to have a similar constitutive stress-strain relationship to that of an elastomer (rubber) in tension. The tectorial membrane appears to stretch when subjected to constant heavy sound stimulation. The tectorial membrane is modeled as a simply-supported beam with an external load Pext applied at midspan. A virtual work approach is used to balance the external work at midspan Pextδz of the tectorial membrane with the internal strain energy from its hysteresis loops. These hysteresis loops quantify the amount of damage that the tectorial membrane undergoes due to an applied external loading. Normalized damage tables are presented at the end of the chapter to suggest safe distances away from the wind turbines to limit damage to the tectorial membrane. Chapter 3 considers a hypothetical autonomous village constructed in South Pretoria, South Africa. This village accommodates approximately 2000 people (~500 families) and receives electricity for hot water from a nearby 2.5 MW wind farm. The design process for the village is discussed from an architectural and design standpoint. The wind farm specifications, specifically the number of 2.5 MW wind turbines needed to provide electricity for hot water, are established. Results from Chapter 2 are used to suggest minimum safe distances between the wind farm and the autonomous village in the context of limiting damage to the tectorial membrane.
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Odeh, Yousre. "Wind Power Potential in Palestine/Israel : An investigation study for the potential of wind power in Palestine/Israel, with emphasis on the political obstacles." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-217094.
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Wind resource assessment studies have been conducted in the Israeli side and the Palestinian side before; however, the previous studies were restricted with the political border either Palestinian or Israeli except one of them that was based on measurements dated to 1940-1983 (R. Shabbaneh & A. Hasan, 1997). Moreover, the studies were performed years ago, with simple techniques and based on old data (R. Shabbaneh & A. Hasan, 1997). Hence, the needs for a new study that is based on updated data, and using updated model is highly demanded. This study is intended to perform wind resource assessment in Palestine/Israel; the study has used two stages of assessment, primary one based on reference station data on both sides, Israeli and Palestinian. The second stage of wind resource assessment is based on WindPRO software. The wind resource assessment ends up with identifying sites with higher potential that are situated in four selected sites, North of Palestine/Israel, North of West-bank, Jerusalem, and Eilat, the higher potential was in Eilat area bearing mean wind speed of 9.88m/s at 100 m hub height.Moreover, the study recognized the importance of political situation assessment due to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Based on conducted survey, the political situation assessment concluded that international non-governmental organizations seem to be most capable of starting up wind power project in Palestine/Israel. Furthermore, the study concluded that supportive policies from both the Israeli and Palestinian governments are crucial to promote wind power projects in the region.
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STERMASI, ADRIST. "Offshore wind energy in the Adriatic Sea: Modelling of the microscale wind field and short-term forecast of wind power potential." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242945.
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Studying wind energy is still a challenge. Many arguments are involved in this field such as
environmental sustainability, infrastructures, economics and many others, has to find the
equilibrium and coexist together for the further development of this technology. The P.O.W.E.R.E.D
project, part of the IPA-PROGRAMME deal with these issues concerning the Adriatic basin.
Numerical and experimental evaluation of wind energy resources is assigned to Università
Politecnica delle Marche. Two maps of different spatial resolutions of one and three kilometers
respectively, for one and five years are produced using the PSU/NCAR mesoscale MM5 (fifth
generation) in hind-casting.
The existing meteorological network data's are used as single point monitor the inter area so
experimental data will be available for different uses. Further more a forecasting system will be
available for the possible wind farms. For the expansion of wind energy to new markets for the
Adriatic Basin poses a challenge into estimating this resource for the whole area. An accurate
climatic description relies on a comprehensive regional observation network, characteristic often not
available on emerging markets, and generally not extensive on established markets. In these cases
the use of Mesoscale modeling can provide a large-scale analysis with regional features. Considering
existing limitations, this approach can be used to support an initial ranking and selection of sites for
wind farm projects.
Initial large-scale conditions are obtained from the Reanalysis database, which contains global
meteorological observations, covering over 30 years at 1° km spatial resolution. An initial large-scale
analysis of 3 km of spatial resolution is conducted for the study of the climatology of the Adriatic
region for 5 consecutive years; from 2008 to 2012 describing the average conditions in across a
desired area. In a second time, a finest resolution wind map of 1 km is obtained in order to better
understand the evolution of the climatology near the costs.
The simulation of the regional wind climate is conducted using the Mesoscale Modeling (MM5). This
modeling system calculates the dynamics and thermodynamics of the atmosphere in limited areas,
and is currently developed and employed at several universities and research centers worldwide.
Through the process of downscaling the Reanalysis data is used to describe the initial conditions for
the desired area, allowing the MM5 to calculate in great detail the effects of local features over the
large-scale conditions.
In order to assess the limitations of this approach, several validation efforts are conducted over
different areas, providing an overview of the benefits of this methodology for wind energy
estimation.
The results generated from such a method can be used to represent the wind resource distribution
over an area of interest for a wind farms projects, and data points can be obtained in order to
represent time-series and vertical profiles for a specific area. However, as with any numerical
simulation, the limitations of this approach should be carefully considered on a case-per-case
analysis, and its results should be used as an additional aid to initial studies and green-field
procurement.
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Gough, Matthew Brian. "Assessing the potential for urban wind energy in Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27812.
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As the demand for alternative and renewable sources of energy grows worldwide, it has been argued that small-scale Urban Wind Energy (UWE) could have the potential to provide a significant portion of the electricity demand for urban areas. However there is currently a lack of knowledge surrounding the realisable potential for UWE, especially in the South African context. In order to gain a better understanding of the potential for UWE and the barriers acting against its widespread uptake, it is essential to first quantify the resource potential. This study appraise and evaluate the UWE resource potential at six locations in Cape Town, South Africa in order to gain a solid understanding of the UWE resource potential and thus begin to build the knowledge base around UWE. In order to meet the research objectives, wind data was obtained from the South African Weather Service for six locations in Cape Town at five minute recording intervals for a period of two years. These locations were: The Royal Cape Yacht Club located in the Table Bay harbour, the Astronomical Observatory located in Observatory, and the Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens located in Kirstenbosch, the Molteno reservoir located in Oranjezicht, the Automatic Weather station located near the Cape Town International Airport as well as the Cape Town Weather Office (WO) station which is also located at the Cape Town International Airport. The data sets are then analysed using a script written in the programming language R in order to quantify the wind energy resource potential of the chosen locations. The wind energy resource potential of each site was combined with four commercially available wind turbines power curves in order to calculate the expected annual energy production values of the various turbines at the each of the locations. Results from this study highlight the significant variability resource potential of the wind regime that occurs between the six locations. The lowest yearly average wind speed was 2.044m/s which was recorded at the Kirstenbosch recording station, while the highest average wind speed was 5.06m/s which was recorded at the WO station. The average of all six stations for the two year period was 3.24m/s. Therefore the WO station had the highest energy potential with a value of 1474 kWh/m²/year and the station with the lowest energy potential was the Kirstenbosch station with a value of 80 kWh/m²/year. Combining these resource potential values with power cures from four commercially available wind turbines yields the Annual Energy Production (AEP) values for the chosen site and wind turbine. These AEP values also varied drastically with the high of 4304 kWh/year being calculated for the SkyStream turbine at the WO station and a low of just 0.66 kWh/year being calculated at the Kirstenbosch station with the Turby turbine. This variability hampers the wide spread uptake of small scale wind power as the results from one area cannot be reliably used to infer the wind resource potential at another nearby site. Out of the six chosen locations in the Cape Town area, three of the locations (Royal Cape Yacht Club, the Automatic Weather Station (AWS), and the Cape Town Weather Office (WO)) showed potential for the installation of a small scale wind turbine, with the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs) performing better than the Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs). This is possibly due to the lower cut in wind speeds of the HAWTs compared to the cut in wind speeds for the VAWTs. The conclusions of this study show that the UWE resource potential in Cape Town is characterised by high resource variability between the various locations. Three of the six locations that were evaluated showed potential for UWE installations. This study has identified the major challenges associated with UWE to be the turbulence, lower hub heights of the wind turbines (this study used 20m as the standard hub height), and variability of the wind regime between locations.
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Haouas, Nabiha. "Wind energy analysis and change point analysis." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22554.
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L’énergie éolienne, l’une des énergies renouvelables les plus compétitives, est considérée comme une solution qui remédie aux inconvénients de l’énergie fossile. Pour une meilleure gestion et exploitation de cette énergie, des prévisions de sa production s’avèrent nécessaires. Les méthodes de prévisions utilisées dans la littérature permettent uniquement une prévision de la moyenne annuelle de cette production. Certains travaux récents proposent l’utilisation du Théorème Central Limite (TCL), sous des hypothèses non classiques, pour l’estimation de la production annuelle moyenne de l’énergie éolienne ainsi que sa variance pour une seule turbine. Nous proposons dans cette thèse une extension de ces travaux à un parc éolien par relaxation de l’hypothèse de stationnarité la vitesse du vent et la production d’énergie, en supposant que ces dernières sont saisonnières. Sous cette hypothèse la qualité de la prévision annuelle s’améliore considérablement. Nous proposons aussi de prévoir la production d’énergie éolienne au cours des quatre saisons de l’année. L’utilisation du modèle fractal, nous permet de trouver une division ”naturelle” de la série de la vitesse du vent afin d’affiner l’estimation de la production éolienne en détectant les points de ruptures. Dans les deux derniers chapitres, nous donnons des outils statistiques de la détection des points de ruptures et d’estimation des modèles fractalsThe wind energy, one of the most competitive renewable energies, is considered as a solution which remedies the inconveniences of the fossil energy. For a better management and an exploitation of this energy, forecasts of its production turn out to be necessary. The methods of forecasts used in the literature allow only a forecast of the annual mean of this production. Certain recent works propose the use of the Central Limit Theorem (CLT), under not classic hypotheses, for the estimation of the mean annual production of the wind energy as well as its variance for a single turbine. We propose in this thesis, an extension of these works in a wind farm by relaxation of the hypothesis of stationarity the wind speed and the power production, supposing that the latter are seasonal. Under this hypothesis the quality of the annual forecast improves considerably. We also suggest planning the wind power production during four seasons of the year. The use of the fractal model, allows us to find a "natural" division of the series of the wind speed to refine the estimation of the wind production by detecting abrupt change points. Statistical tools of the change points detection and the estimation of fractal models are presented in the last two chapters
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Johansson, Bo-Göran. "Market potential in Sweden of small wind power stations : MBA-thesis in marketing." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4690.
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AIM: As global warming is a fact and the consumption of energy is continuously increasing, alternative sourcing of energy is a must. The use of oil and coal for heating is limited due to it is nature resource which is also limited. Everyone will be forced to evaluate their own usage of energy and look into the alternatives of how to be a part of solving this global issue. For many, alternatives such as sun panels and wind power stations could be an alternative power source.
Today, there is only a limited availability in Sweden of small sized wind power stations and only small local producers or importers that sell the equipment – mostly through internet based market communications.
Method: The theoretical approach to this thesis is based on the MIO model in combination with several other models and tools such as, PESTEL, Marketing Mix, SWOT, Porter’s five forces, EVC and STP.
Result & Conclusions: There is a market for small wind power stations between 5 – 50 kW in Sweden.
The biggest reason why the market segment exist and will increase is due to continuously increasing energy prices and that wind power stations of this size are permitted to be connected directly to household consumption.
Suggestions for future research: How are other energy complements like solar panels influenced? What governmental decisions affect the business of small wind power stations?
Contributions to the thesis: Success in this segment requires a different approach to product offering than what the current competition is doing.
29
Walshaw, David. "Statistical analysis of wind speeds." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358279.
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Thomas, Joel. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WIND ATLASES: WIND RESOURCE ASSESSMENT OF FORESTED SITES FOR WIND POWER DEVELOPMENT." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448544.
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Wind atlases are interactive databases used extensively for preliminary wind resource assessment aimed at optimal wind power development. The selection and processing of wind atlas data are important and will determine the quality of the subsequent WRA (Wind Resource Assessment) phases. This study aims to compare, process, and interpret different wind atlases in determining effective wind resource analysis for 14 different sites in Sweden. The wind atlas data is accessed, parsed, and compared using multiple methodologies to ensure a fair comparison. Several variables like wind speed, wind direction, temperature, production values, etc. are analysed and compared amongst the wind atlas data. The corrected versions of the data are drawn out to conclude and determine how well those databases represent the realistic conditions in a forested site. The data is also compared and validated with measurement data. The results indicate several layers of insights into the wind resource regime. The preliminary results from 14 sites show that New European Wind Atlas (NEWA) and Global Wind Atlas (GWA) agreed sufficiently on the subject of the wind conditions for most of the sites. Methodologies like downscaling and long-term correction introduced to the wind atlas data provided more insights and proved that the database could expand and include more complex wind conditions in the coming years. Furthermore, the comparison and analysis of wind atlas data along with measurement data revealed that NEWA aligned the most to the actual wind conditions for a site. Several uncertainties are considered but more validation and thorough insights in the future could determine and give more affirmations to the idea put forward. Further studies could be conducted along with the inclusion of additional layers, variables, and databases to the wind atlases.
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Nanopoulos, Andrew. "Valuation of wind energy projects and statistical analysis of wind power." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74932.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 221-225).
As energy becomes an increasingly important issue for generations to come, it is crucial to develop tools for valuing and understanding energy projects from an economic perspective since ultimately only economically viable solutions will be pushed forward. A model is developed for valuing a generic offshore floating wind farm from a corporate finance perspective. The model is used to value the project based on multiple valuation metrics and to generate sensitivity analyses on multiple important technical, cost and financial parameters. It is found that offshore wind projects can be economically viable under current conditions contingent on high annual mean wind speed and government support. In addition, it is also found that financial parameters prove to be equally or even more important than technical parameters in affecting the overall project value. Furthermore, the wind speed and power output are modeled using a mean reverting Ornstein - Uhlenbeck process whereby it is found that while wind speed is positively autocorrelated, the averaging period plays an important role in determining the nature and extent of the autocorrelation. Finally, the valuation is extended and generalized to a Black-Scholes option based valuation of any project whose underlying asset follows a mean reverting process, whereby a model is developed to find the debt and equity values under the assumption of time independence. The tools developed for this purpose can prove to be useful in other applications besides energy, such as shipping and commodities, as the underlying characteristics of energy projects are often similar across other markets.
by Andrew Nanopoulos.
S.M.
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Hack, Brian E. "Analysis of MIT campus wind resources for future wind turbine installation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45837.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 23).
As our nation's continuing dependence on fossil energy and the problems that result from that dependence grow more apparent, we must look to alternative sources of energy to power the country. As a global scientific and technological leader, MIT is expected to take a part in the search for and support of alternative energy sources. One such source that has tremendous potential, yet tends to be underrepresented, is wind energy. Following the previous wind resource analysis done by Richard Bates, Samantha Fox, Katherine McCusker, and Kathryn Pesce, I have expanded upon the suggestions made at the conclusion of their analysis. The Eastgate building on MIT's campus was identified as one possible location for small scale wind turbines. I completed a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis on that building as well as the Johnson Athletic Center to determine if there were adequate wind resources to make the installation of a wind turbine on one of these buildings economical. The results of the CFD analysis show that the west edge of the roof on the Johnson Athletic Center is a promising location for the installation of a roof-top wind turbine. Further investigation of the wind resources at that location should be conducted.
by Brian E. Hack.
S.B.
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Wiklund, Hannes. "The potential of wind power on the Swedish ancillary service markets." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-292644.
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An increasing proportion of variable renewable energy in the Swedish power system is leading to greater needs of system flexibility. A key aspect of handling this is frequency flexibility where actors can either increase or decrease their production or consumption when required. This type of service is called an ancillary service and are procured by the transmission system operator in specifically designed markets. These markets are predicted to grow significantly in the coming years and there is a demand for new actors. Wind power has the capability to provide these services via pitch control of the turbines, but this has not been common practice in Sweden previously. This thesis explores the potential of wind power to enter the Swedish ancillary service markets. The overarching goal is to provide a solid introduction to the workings of the markets and how wind power can join, a description of hindrances, and what the potential financial impact on a wind farm is. First, a detailed review of the technical requirements of the markets and the price development is provided in addition to a review of similar international markets. Then an interview study is performed where actors in the wind power industry give their view on the topic. Lastly, an economic modelling of an already existing generic wind farm that is participating on the ancillary service markets FCR-N, FCR-D, aFRR Down, and FFR is presented. 2018, 2019, and 2020 as well as all four pricing areas are evaluated. The model utilizes historical wind and price data to generate a production estimation and a Monte-Carlo simulation of the estimation error is included. The interviews show that wind turbines have the capability to enter the markets but some uncertainty regarding specific technical requirements exists. Wind power owners and operators express a desire to join the markets but also a concern about profitability and future price developments. The economic modelling in the thesis shows significant opportunities to increase profitability of a wind farm by participating in the ancillary service markets during certain conditions. It identifies down regulating markets during periods of low spot prices as the main advantageous conditions for increase in profitability.En större andel intermittent förnybar energi i det svenska elsystemet leder till större behov av systemflexibilitet. En nyckel till att hantera det är frekvensflexibilitet där en aktör kan öka eller sänka sin produktion eller konsumtion när det behövs. Denna typ av tjänst kallas för stödtjänst och sådana reserver upphandlas av Svenska kraftnät i specifika marknader. Dessa marknader prognosticeras att påtagligt öka i omsättning de närmsta åren och det finns ett behov av nya aktörer. Vindkraft har möjligheten att leverera stödtjänster men det är inte vanligt i dagsläget. Den här uppsatsen utreder potentialen för vindkraft att delta på de svenska stödtjänstmarknaderna. Det övergripande målet är att leverera en solid introduktion till hur marknaderna fungerar och hur vindkraft kan delta, en beskrivning av potentiella hinder och vad den potentiella ekonomiska effekten på en vindfarm kan vara. Först ges en detaljerad beskrivning av de tekniska kraven på marknaderna och hur prisutvecklingen sett ut. Sedan presenteras en intervjustudie där aktörer i vindkraftsindustrin intervjuats kring deras syn på ämnet. Sist har en ekonomisk modellering tagits fram där en generisk vindfarm som deltar på FCR-N, FCR-D, aFRR Ned och FFR simuleras. Resultat för 2018, 2019 och 2020 samt alla fyra prisområden tas fram. Modellen använder historisk vind- och prisdata för att ta fram produktionsprognoser och Monte-Carlo-simulerar sedan ett prognosfel. Intervjuerna visar att vindturbiner har förmågan att delta på marknaderna men att några frågetecken kring specifika tekniska krav existerar. Vindkraftsägare och operatörer utrycker en vilja att delta på marknaderna men att det finns en oro kring lönsamhet och framtida prisutveckling. Modelleringen visar på tydliga möjligheter att öka lönsamheten för en vindfarm under vissa förutsättningar. Den identifierar nedreglering under perioder med låga spotpriser som de huvudsakligt fördelaktiga förutsättningarna för en ökning av lönsamheten.
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Tücer, Renas. "INVESTIGATION OF POTENTIAL REASONS TO ACCOUNT FOR THE UNDERPERFORMANCE OF AN OPERATIONAL WIND FARM." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-299538.
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Wind farms are costly projects and prior to the construction, comprehensive wind resource assessment processes are carried out in order to predict the future energy yield with a reliable accuracy. These estimations are made to constitute a basis for the financial assessment of the project. However, predicting the future always accommodates some uncertainties and sometimes these assessments might overestimate the production. Many different factors might account for a discrepancy between the pre-construction wind resource assessment and the operational production data. This thesis investigates an underperforming wind farm in order to ascertain the reasons of a discrepancy case. To investigate the case, the relevant data and information along with the actual production data of three years are shared with the author. Prior to the construction, a wind resource assessment was carried out by an independent wind consultancy company and the work overestimated the annual energy production (AEP) by 19.1% based on the average production value of available three years. An extensive literature review is performed to identify the possible contributing causes of the discrepancy. The data provided is investigated and a new wind resource assessment is carried out. The underestimation of the wind farm losses are studied extensively as a potential reason of the underperformance. For the AEP estimations, WAsP in WindPro interface and WindSim are employed. The use of WindSim led to about 2-2.5% less AEP estimations compared to the results of WAsP. In order to evaluate the influence of long term correlations on the AEP estimations, the climatology datasets are created using the two different reanalysis datasets (MERRA and CFSR-E) as long term references. WindSim results based on the climatology data obtained using the MERRA and CFSR-E datasets as long term references overestimated the results by 10.9% and 8.2% respectively.
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Drew, Daniel. "Analysis tools for urban wind turbines." Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/35837/.
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With the UK seeking to increase the contribution of microgeneration, the number of small wind turbines installed in urban areas has increased. However, a wide-spread experience is that urban located turbines have generated considerably less energy than anticipated. This thesis demonstrates that poor turbine placement, due to inadequacies in commonly used wind resource modelling and assessment techniques, has played a large part in this disappointing outcome. The current site assessment tools estimate a turbine's performance at a potential site using a method developed for large scale wind energy projects in rural areas. Using data measured at 91 Met Office weather stations across the UK and a rooftop site in London, this thesis shows that when applied in urban areas, this method can lead to large errors in the predicted energy production of a small wind turbine. The magnitude of these errors is such that the tools cannot consistently identify the economic viability of a turbine/site combination. This is largely due to a simplified representation of the site's wind resource. By not considering the decelaration of the wind by friction, there are large errors in the predictions of a site's annual mean wind speed. Across the sites there is a mean error of over 40% and 18% for the DECC wind speed database and the Carbon Trust tool respectively. Furthermore, analysis of data collected at the roof top site shows that due to high levels of turbulence in urban areas, a Weibull distribution does not provide a sufficient representation of the temporal variability of a site's wind resource. 1 Subsequently the thesis develops an improved, more reliable means of predicting mean wind speed at urban sites by considering interactions between the flow and the morphology of built-up areas in more detail than has been possible previously. When applied to the Greater London area the model shows that turbines generally perform better towards the outskirts of the city, however there are some sites with good wind resource close to the city centre with low aerodynamic roughness.
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Daly, Noelle M. "Scintillation analysis of solar wind dynamics." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301783.
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Velliyur, Ramachandran Krishna Guha. "An Aeroacoustic Analysis of Wind Turbines." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1293650904.
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Niebel, Stier Lucas, and Marco Wallimann. "It's an ill Wind : An Analysis of Justice Perceptions around Wind Power." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388520.
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Renewable energy lies in the center of the debate on climate change. In order to achieve the energy transition, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to terminate our reliance on fossil fuels, wind energy is one of the world’s biggest bets. However, wind power plants are frequently contested at the local level, where they create discussions regarding fairness as benefits and burdens seem not always to be equally distributed. To better understand ‘energy justice’ in the era of renewable energy, our research qualitatively explores the perceptions of relevant involved stakeholders around wind energy projects in three locations in Germany and Sweden. Our findings add evidence and confirm many previous implications from the growing literature of public acceptance and energy justice. In addition, we highlight the importance of distributive, procedural and recognitional justice, as well as paradoxes arising from wind energy projects such as envy, the transformation of nature and the interpretation of citizens’ duties. The study furthermore sustains the faced complexities on the path towards an energy-just world.
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Cutler, Nicholas Jeffrey Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Characterising the uncertainty in potential large rapid changes in wind power generation." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43570.
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Wind energy forecasting can facilitate wind energy integration into a power system. In particular, the management of power system security would benefit from forecast information on plausible large, rapid change in wind power generation. Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) systems are presently the best available tools for wind energy forecasting for projection times between 3 and 48 hours. In this thesis, the types of weather phenomena that cause large, rapid changes in wind power in southeast Australia are classified using observations from three wind farms. The results show that the majority of events are due to horizontal propagation of spatial weather features. A study of NWP systems reveals that they are generally good at forecasting the broad large-scale weather phenomena but may misplace their location relative to the physical world. Errors may result from developing single time-series forecasts from a single NWP grid point, or from a single interpolation of proximate grid points. This thesis presents a new approach that displays NWP wind forecast information from a field of multiple grid points around the wind farm location. Displaying the NWP wind speeds at the multiple grid points directly would potentially be misleading as they each reflect the estimated local surface roughness and terrain at a particular grid point. Thus, a methodology was developed to convert the NWP wind speeds at the multiple grid points to values that reflect surface conditions at the wind farm site. The conversion method is evaluated with encouraging results by visual inspection and by comparing with an NWP ensemble. The multiple grid point information can also be used to improve downscaling results by filtering out data where there is a large chance of a discrepancy between an NWP time-series forecast and observations. The converted wind speeds at multiple grid points can be downscaled to site-equivalent wind speeds and transformed to wind farm power assuming unconstrained wind farm operation at one or more wind farm sites. This provides a visual decision support tool that can help a forecast user assess the possibility of large, rapid changes in wind power from one or more wind farms.
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Edlund, Marcus, and Daniel Eriksson. "Potential for – and benefits from – local content in Swedish wind power projects." Thesis, KTH, Hållbarhet och industriell dynamik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-149328.
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The construction of wind power is strongly associated with negative local externalities in terms of noise, shadows, visual impact and effects on local environment. To compensate for these negative effects, wind developers seek to find methods to create more local value. The purpose of this study has thus been to identify and evaluate potential methods to increase the local value creation from onshore wind power projects, mainly in the Swedish context. Firstly, from the literature review and interviews, four different approaches to create local value has been identified. The four identified methods to create local value are (1) community funds, (2) local ownership, (3) modernization and (4) local content. Of these identified methods, local content is deemed to have most potential in creating local value. The use of local content has generally been strong in the UK, why this study comprises a field study that reveal that British wind developers manage to appoint up to 20-30 % of the total capital expenditure to local companies. Compared to Sweden, the same number is as little asone percent. The explanation to this significant difference could be explained by “three I:s”,, namely, (1) Identification of local companies, (2) Information of opportunities and requirements and (3) Incentive creation for the main contractors. For Swedish developers to overcome the problems associated with the three I:s, the study presents seven activities that are possible to implement directly into the development process of wind power. Together these activities create a comprehensive way of enhancing the possibility for local companies to be involved in the construction phase, and by doing so, increasing the local value creation.
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Tait, Louise. "The potential for local community benefits from wind farms in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11991.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis was motivated by the desire to explore more equitable patterns of development in South Africa and how business could contribute to wider developmental goals. It focused specifically on the emerging wind sector in South Africa, drawing on the concept of community wind farms that have emerged in many other parts of the world such as England, Denmark and Canada.
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Juserius, Emma, and Filippa Ström. "The Potential of a Solar & Wind Hybrid System in Sri Lanka." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298975.
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As many other countries, Sri Lanka strives to become 100% renewable by 2050 through reducing their dependence on fossil fuels and implementing more renewable sources such as solar and wind power. A solution to the problem is therefore to install solar and wind hybrid systems. The country's geographic location near the equator makes the solar radiation high and can therefore be used to achieve the energy goal by 2050, both in an economical and environmental way. This study is therefore investigating Sri Lanka's potential to implement a solar and wind hybrid system. The aim of this study is to examine whether it is economically and environmentally profitable to construct a solar and wind power hybrid system in a household in Sri Lanka. The goal is to find the most economical optimal dimension of a solar and wind hybrid system that is also environmentally sustainable. By compiling a literature study about the solar and wind hybrid system, an optimization could be made in the optimization programme HOMER. Data was collected for solar and wind power costs and Sri Lanka’s daily consumption of energy. Then HOMER produced the most optimal dimension of a solar and wind hybrid system. The economical methods that were used were the net present value, the payback method and the internal rate of return, which all were solved in HOMER to reach the optimal dimension. The result showed an optimal dimension consisting of 5 kW PV and 1 kW wind power, which resulted in a profitable investment with a payback of 4 years and 10 months, and a NPV of 27,000 USD and also an internal rate of 20.6%. In addition, the renewable fraction was 48.5% for a household. Beyond the economical results a sensitivity analysis was made, which did not change the result for the optimal dimension. The conclusion can be drawn that the optimal dimension of the hybrid system is economically profitable and will befriend Sri Lanka’s goal of 100% renewable energy by 2050. However, even if the result showed a profitable investment, the investment costs are high, which means that only a few would afford the investment of a solar and wind hybrid system.Precis som många andra länder strävar Sri Lanka efter att enbart förlita sig på förnybar energi till år 2050 genom att ersätta den fossila produktionen med förnybara källor som sol- och vindkraft. En lösning på problemet är därför att installera hybridsystem bestående av sol- och vindkraft. Landets geografiska placering nära ekvatorn gör att solinstrålningen är hög, vilket medför att solceller skulle kunna vara en viktig komponent om Sri Lanka ska uppnå energimålen till 2050 på både ett ekonomiskt och miljövänligt sätt. Denna studie undersöker därför Sri Lankas potential att implementera ett hybridsystem bestående av sol- och vindkraft. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om det är ekonomiskt och miljömässigt lönsamt att konstruera ett sol- och vind- hybridsystem i ett hushåll i Sri Lanka. Målet är att hitta den optimala dimensioneringen för hybridsystemet som gynnas mest ekonomiskt och är miljömässigt hållbar. Genom att sammanställa en litteraturstudie om hybridsystem bestående av sol- och vindkraft kunde en optimering genomföras i syfte att erhålla det bäst dimensionerade hybridsystemet i optimeringsprogrammet HOMER. Data samlades in om kostnader för sol- och vindkraft samt om Sri Lankas dagliga konsumtion av energi i ett genomsnittligt hushåll som HOMER använde för att framställa den optimala dimensioneringen av ett sol- och vind- hybridsystem. De ekonomiska metoderna som användes för att beräkna den ekonomiska lönsamheten var nuvärdesmetoden, återbetalningsmetoden och internräntemetoden, vilka beräknades i HOMER för att komma fram till den optimala dimensioneringen. Resultatet visade att den optimala dimensioneringen utgörs av 5 kW solceller och 1 kW vindkraftverk som utgör en positiv lönsam investering med en återbetalning på 4 år och 10 månader samt ett nuvärde på 27 000 USD och en internränta på 20,6 %. Resultatet visade också en förnybar användning på 48,5 % för ett hushåll. Utöver de ekonomiska modellerna gjordes också en känslighetsanalys som indikerade på att förändring av de undersökta parametrarna inte hade tillräckligt stor inverkan på resultatet för att förändra den optimala dimensioneringen. Slutsatsen kan dras att den optimala dimensioneringen är ekonomiskt lönsam och kommer att gynna Sri Lanka mot målet att ha 100 % förnybar energi till 2050. Men även om resultatet visar på lönsam investering är investeringskostnaderna höga, vilket medför att endast ett fåtal skulle kunna ha råd att investera i hybridsystem bestående av sol- och vindkraft.
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Mentis, Dimitrios. "Wind Energy Assessment in Africa; A GIS-based approach." Thesis, KTH, Energisystemanalys, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-125744.
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This study analyses the potential of onshore wind power on the African continent. Appropriate socio-economic and geographical constraints as well as current technology’s efficiencies are applied in order to reach the desired result. The current energy access in Africa is described to illustrate the need of promoting the wind power penetration on the continent. The existing as well as the under construction wind farms are mapped. Thereafter, the methodology of approaching the resource assessment is analyzed. For the energy generation assessment, not only wind speed strength but also its probability of occurrence over a certain period of time is important and thus considered in this study. High resolution wind speed data from Vortex and lower resolution daily wind speed data are combined and processed in order to obtain a fine wind speed distribution and thus wind energy production generated by selected wind turbine models. The different categories of wind power potential are defined and evaluated. Additionally, screening criteria regarding the localization of wind farms are outlined and implemented through GIS analysis. Subsequently interactive maps are prepared. ArcGIS software is used in order to capture, store and manipulate the required data and to obtain a holistic view of the study. The study is conducted at a continental level using a 1km×1km (longitude, latitude) land-use grid as the finest resolution. Ultimately the results of this work are presented and compared with similar approaches and significant conclusions are drawn. Based on the analysis there are some countries that signify high yearly wind energy yield, such as South Africa, Sudan, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Nigeria, Mauritania, Tunisia and Morocco, whilst Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Central African Republic, Burundi, Liberia, Benin and Togo indicate the least wind power potential. Also important future work is suggested.Denna studie analyserar potentialen för landbaserad vindkraft på den afrikanska kontinenten. Lämpliga socioekonomiska och geografiska begränsningar samt aktuella vindkraftverkens effektkurvor tillämpas för att nå det önskade resultatet. Den nuvarande tillgången till energi i Afrika beskrivs för att illustrera behovet av att främja vinkraftens penetration på kontinenten. De befintliga vindkraftverken såväl som de under konstruktion kartläggs. Därefter analyseras metoden för att närma sig resurs bedömningen. Bedömningen av energiproduktion och vindhastighet samt dess sannolikhet att inträffa under en viss tid är både viktigt och nödvändigt för denna studie. De olika kategorierna av potential för vindkraftverk definieras och utvärderas. Dessutom beskrivs kriterier av lokalisering för vindkraftverk och genomförs genom GIS-analys. Därefter förbereds interaktiva kartor. ArcGIS software används för att fånga, lagra och manipulera data som krävs samt för att få en helhetssyn av studien. Studien genomförs vid en kontinental nivå genom att använda en 1 km x 1 km (longitud, latitud) rutnät för markanvändning med den finaste upplösningen. Slutligen presenteras resultaten av detta arbete och jämförs med liknande metoder, viktiga slutsatser dras samt viktigt framtida arbete föreslås.
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Hickey, Cain Charles. "Vines of different capacity and water status alter the sensory perception of Cabernet Sauvignon wines." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42667.
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Reducing disease and increasing fruit quality in vigorous vineyards with dense canopies is demanding of time and resources; unfortunately, vineyards of this nature are common in humid environments. This study investigated the effectiveness with which vine capacity and water status could be regulated as well as if they related to fruit quality and wine sensory perception. The treatments regulating vine size and water status were under-trellis groundcover, root manipulation, rootstocks, and irrigation. Treatments were arranged in a strip-split-split plot design before the introduction of the irrigation treatment resulted in incomplete replication in each block. Treatment levels were under-trellis cover crop (CC) compared to under-trellis herbicide (Herb); root restriction bags (RBG) compared to no root manipulation (NRM); three compared rootstocks (101-14, 420-A, riparia Gloire); low water stress (LOW) compared to high water stress (HIGH). Vines grown with RBG and CC regulated vegetative growth more so than conventional treatments, resulting in 56% and 23% greater cluster exposure flux availability (CEFA). High water stress (HIGH) and RBG reduced stem water potential and discriminated less against 13C. Vines grown with RBG and CC consistently reduced harvest berry weight by 17 and 6% compared to conventional treatments. Estimated phenolics were consistently increased by RBG and were correlated with berry weight, vine capacity and CEFA. Sensory attributes were significantly distinguishable between wines produced from vines that differed in both vine capacity and water status, amongst other responses. Treatments have been identified that can alter the sensory perception of wines, with the potential to improve wine quality.Master of Science
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Buxamusa, Adnan. "Wind Flow Analysis and Modeling Power Generation for a Multiple Wind Turbine Installation." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1299607231.
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Williams, Jon A. "Enabling Validation of a CubeSat Compatible Wind Sensor." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78711.
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The Ram Energy Distribution Detector (REDD) is a new CubeSat-compatible space science instrument that measures neutral wind characteristics in the upper atmosphere. Neutral gas interactions with plasma in the ionosphere/thermosphere are responsible for spacecraft drag, radio frequency disturbances such as scintillation, and other geophysical phenomena. REDD is designed to collect in-situ measurements within this region of the atmosphere where in-flight data collection using spacecraft has proven particularly challenging due to both the atmospheric density and the dominating presence of highly reactive atomic oxygen (AO). NASA Marshall Space Flight Center has a unique AO Facility (AOF) capable of simulating the conditions the sensor will encounter on orbit by creating a supersonic neutral beam of AO. Collimating the beam requires an intense magnetic field that creates significant interference for sensitive electronic devices. REDD is undergoing the final stages of validation testing in the AOF. In this presentation, we describe the LabVIEW-automated system design, the measured geometry and magnitude of the field and the specially designed mount and passive shielding that are utilized to mitigate the effects of the magnetic interference.Master of Science
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Lynch, Charles Eric. "Advanced CFD methods for wind turbine analysis." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39491.
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Horizontal-axis wind turbines operate in a complex, inherently unsteady aerodynamic environment. The flow over the blades is dominated by 3-D effects, particularly during stall, which is accompanied by massive flow separation and vortex shedding. There is always bluff-body shedding from the turbine nacelle and support structure which interacts with the rotor wake. In addition, the high aspect ratios of wind turbine blades make them very flexible, leading to substantial aeroelastic deformation of the blades, altering the aerodynamics. Finally, when situated in a wind farm, turbines must operate in the unsteady wake of upstream neighbors. Though computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has made significant inroads as a research tool, simple, inexpensive methods, such as blade element momentum theory, are still the workhorses in wind turbine design and aeroelasticity applications. These methods are unable to accurately predict rotor loads near the edges of the operating envelope.
In this work, a range of unstructured grid CFD techniques for predicting wind turbine loads and aeroelasticity has been developed and applied to the NREL Unsteady Aerodynamics Experiment Phase VI rotor. First, a kd-tree based nearest neighbor search algorithm was used to improve the computational efficiency of an approximate unsteady actuator blade method. This method was then shown to predict root and tip vortex locations and strengths similar to an overset method, but without the computational expense of modeling the blade surfaces. A hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes / Large Eddy Simulation (HRLES) turbulence model was extended to an unstructured grid framework and demonstrated to improve predictions of unsteady loading and shedding frequency in massively separated cases. For aeroelastic predictions, a methodology for tight coupling between an unstructured CFD solver and a computational structural dynamics tool was developed. Finally, time-accurate overset rotor simulations of a complete turbine---blades, nacelle, and tower---were conducted using both RANS and HRLES turbulence models. The HRLES model was able to accurately predict rotor loads when stalled. In yawed flow, excellent correlations of mean blade loads with experimental data were obtained across the span, and wake asymmetry and unsteadiness were also well-predicted.
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Orimoto, Mika. "Regional analysis of extreme gust wind speed." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/7043.
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There are two objectives of this study. The first objective is to determine the domain of attraction of an extreme value distribution of gust wind speeds, at a selected station, when only limited samples from the site are available. The second objective is to perform a series of homogeneity tests for the selected stations, such that homogenous regions for these extreme gust winds may be identified. After carefully examining the wind data available, it was decided that 133 out of more than 750 stations in the contiguous United States were selected for the study. These selected stations all have confirmed Exposure C environments, with at least 15 years of records. All wind speeds used in this study were adjusted to 10 meters above ground level. On the basis of a S-statistic method, the proper representations of extreme gust winds at the 133 selected weather stations in the contiguous United States are examined. The results indicate that the annual extreme gust wind speeds at 65 out of the 133 stations are Gumbel extreme value distributions (Type I), whereas the other 68 stations' extreme gust wind speeds are reverse Weibull (Type III), distributed. Nine homogeneous regions, for the annual extreme gust winds, were identified by applying a Type I based regional analysis. This analysis was applied to the 65 stations in the contiguous United States whose annual extreme gust winds are Type I distributed.x, 92 leaves
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Van, Lian Uk. "Risk analysis methods within offshore wind energy." Thesis, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskaplige Universitet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-21113.
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This report starts discussing a number of possible risk analysis methods related to five challenges identified by SINTEF within offshore renewable wind energy industry, and it ends up with case studies on two challenges by testing SPAR-H method and proposing risk reducing measures. I answer to all the questions, which are defined in the thesis assignment, by first selecting all the five safety challenges. I consider different risk analysis techniques and suggest a few of them for each individual challenges in a tabular fashion. I describe the proposed risk analysis techniques with their strengths and limitation and discuss, to a considerable extent, how they can be related to the challenges. The risk analysis techniques I suggested includes both technical and human error related methods. The technical related methods are based on some available risk analysis methods which are broadly acceptable in different applications. The human error analysis techniques, which have been practiced in nuclear industry, are the main focus in this report as it is believed that the techniques could be applicable in the offshore wind firm industry.Among the different challenges in HSE offshore wind farm operation, two challenges: collision (between the vessel and the wind turbine) and Access or egress from/to the offshore installation are presented as the main important part in the report. Because accident is most likely to happen when personnel transfer is required. Possible human errors and probability of accident due to those errors are broadly discussed. Possible risk-reducing measures to reduce the identified human errors and recommendation which may prevent the potential accident are discussed at the end of the report
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Humphrey, Nora A. (Nora Anne) 1975. "Analysis of hurricane wind load safety factors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80155.
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