Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analysis Motion'
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1
Oztekin, Kaan. "Textured Motion Analysis." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606795/index.pdf.
Abstract:
Textured motion - generally known as dynamic or temporal texture - is a popular research area for synthesis, segmentation and recognition. Dynamic texture is a spatially repetitive, time-varying visual pattern that forms an image sequence with certain temporal stationarity. In dynamic texture, the notion of self-similarity central to conventional image texture is extended to the spatiotemporal domain. Dynamic textures are typically videos of processes, such as waves, smoke, fire, a flag blowing in the wind, a moving escalator, or a walking crowd. Creation of synthetic frames is a key issue especially for movie screen industry to enrich their scenes from a white screen into a shining reality. In robotics world, for example an autonomous vehicle must decide what is traversable terrain (e.g. grass) and what is not (e.g. water). This problem can be addressed by classifying portions of the image into a number of categories, for instance grass, dirt, bushes or water. If these parts are identifiable, then segmentation and recognition of these textures results with an efficient path planning for the autonomous vehicle. In this thesis, we aimed to characterize these textured motions like mentioned above. We tried to implement several known techniques and compared the results.
2
Jin, Ning. "Human motion analysis." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2007. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/804406/.
3
MISHRA, OM. "HUMAN MOTION ANALYSIS." Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2020. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18772.
Abstract:
Human motion analysis in the video has its vast application. The recognition of the human action is the most prominent application of human motion analysis. In this research we analyzed different methodologies for modeling human action. We also discussed challenges and methodologies which are used to handle them. These methodologies are divided into two categories. One is global feature descriptor and other is local feature descriptors. The disadvantage of the global feature descriptor is that they can only give the shape information but fails to give motion information. The local feature descriptors are used to find out the motion information of the action video. The disadvantage is that it cannot give the shape or structure information of the action video. The hybrid descriptors are used to solve these problems but these descriptors suffer from high dimensionality features. In this research we proposed new feature descriptors which are capable to deal with these issues in the following manner:
1) We proposed a new local descriptor evaluated from the Finite Element Analysis for human action recognition. This local descriptor represents the distinctive human poses in the form of the stiffness matrix. This stiffness matrix gives the information of motion as well as shape change of the human body while performing an action. Initially, the human body is represented in the silhouette form. Most prominent points of the silhouette are then selected. This silhouette is discretized into several finite small triangle faces (elements) where the prominent points of the boundaries are the vertices of the triangles. The stiffness matrix of each triangle is then calculated. The feature vector representing the action video
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frame is constructed by combining all stiffness matrices of all possible triangles. These feature vectors are given to the Radial Basis Function-Support Vector Machine (RBF-SVM) classifier. The proposed method shows its superiority over other existing state-of-the-art methods on the challenging datasets Weizmann, KTH, Ballet, and IXMAS.
2) Background cluttering, appearance change due to variation in viewpoint and occlusion are the prominent hurdles that can reduce the recognition rate significantly. Methodologies based on Bag-of-visual-words are very popular because they do not require accurate background subtraction. But the main disadvantage with these methods is that they do not retain the geometrical structural information of the clusters that they form. As a result, they show intra-class mismatching. Furthermore, these methods are very sensitive to noise. Addition of noise in the cluster also results in the misclassification of the action. To overcome these problems we proposed a new approach based on modified Bag-of-visual-word. Proposed methodology retains the geometrical structural information of the cluster based on the calculation of contextual distance among the points of the cluster. Normally contextual distance based on Euclidean measure cannot deal with the noise but in the proposed methodology contextual distance is calculated on the basis of a difference between the contributions of cluster points to maintain its geometrical structure. Later directed graphs of all clusters are formed and these directed graphs are described by the Laplacian. Then the feature vectors representing Laplacian are fed to the Radial Basis Function based Support Vector Machine (RBF-SVM) classifier.
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3) We also proposed a new feature descriptor to detect abnormality in a video captured for surveillance applications in real-time and also overcome the problem of the curse of dimensionality. To extract features related to any change in the video, non linear Gaussian fuzzy lattice functions have been applied on each frame of the video which results in the formation of fuzzy lattices. These fuzzy lattices have been expressed in the form of Schrödinger equation to find the kinetic energy involved corresponding to any change in the video. A number of the fuzzy lattice has been used as a dimension of the feature. It reduces the dimensionality significantly as compared to other state-of-the-art methods. Finally, the kinetic energy parameter is classified into normal and abnormal activities with the help of SVM-based classifier.
4
Wong, Wai-ning Kris. "Lumbar spinal motion analysis." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36611773.
5
Wong, Wai-ning Kris, and 黃偉寧. "Lumbar spinal motion analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36611773.
6
MORO, MATTEO. "Markerless Human Motion Analysis." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1080400.
Abstract:
Measuring and understanding human motion is crucial in several domains,
ranging from neuroscience, to rehabilitation and sports biomechanics. Quantitative
information about human motion is fundamental to study how our
Central Nervous System controls and organizes movements to functionally
evaluate motor performance and deficits. In the last decades, the research in
this field has made considerable progress. State-of-the-art technologies that
provide useful and accurate quantitative measures rely on marker-based systems.
Unfortunately, markers are intrusive and their number and location must
be determined a priori. Also, marker-based systems require expensive laboratory
settings with several infrared cameras. This could modify the naturalness
of a subject’s movements and induce discomfort. Last, but not less important,
they are computationally expensive in time and space. Recent advances on
markerless pose estimation based on computer vision and deep neural networks
are opening the possibility of adopting efficient video-based methods
for extracting movement information from RGB video data. In this contest,
this thesis presents original contributions to the following objectives: (i) the
implementation of a video-based markerless pipeline to quantitatively characterize
human motion; (ii) the assessment of its accuracy if compared with
a gold standard marker-based system; (iii) the application of the pipeline to
different domains in order to verify its versatility, with a special focus on the
characterization of the motion of preterm infants and on gait analysis. With
the proposed approach we highlight that, starting only from RGB videos and
leveraging computer vision and machine learning techniques, it is possible to
extract reliable information characterizing human motion comparable to that
obtained with gold standard marker-based systems.
7
Xiao, Zhidong. "Motion capture based motion analysis and motion synthesis for human-like character animation." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2009. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/14590/.
Abstract:
Motion capture technology is recognised as a standard tool in the computer animation pipeline. It provides detailed movement for animators; however, it also introduces problems and brings concerns for creating realistic and convincing motion for character animation. In this thesis, the post-processing techniques are investigated that result in realistic motion generation. Anumber of techniques are introduced that are able to improve the quality of generated motion from motion capture data, especially when integrating motion transitions from different motion clips. The presented motion data reconstruction technique is able to build convincing realistic transitions from existing motion database, and overcome the inconsistencies introduced by traditional motion blending techniques. It also provides a method for animators to re-use motion data more efficiently. Along with the development of motion data transition reconstruction, the motion capture data mapping technique was investigated for skeletal movement estimation. The per-frame based method provides animators with a real-time and accurate solution for a key post-processing technique. Although motion capture systems capture physically-based motion for character animation, no physical information is included in the motion capture data file. Using the knowledge of biomechanics and robotics, the relevant information for the captured performer are able to be abstracted and a mathematical-physical model are able to be constructed; such information is then applied for physics-based motion data correction whenever the motion data is edited.
8
Cheng, Xin. "Feature-based motion estimation and motion segmentation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0016/MQ55493.pdf.
9
Aksu, tIbrahim. "Performance analysis of image motion analysis algorithms." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28443.
10
Pedersen, Emil Aasland. "Motion analysis of Semi-Submersible." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19419.
Abstract:
In this thesis the response variables (RAOs) of a semi submersible unit are inspected. Both operational and survival condition as well as a shallow draft are inspected. The survival condition is inspected with respect to an element analysis. And both operational- and shallow draft condition are case studies, where the operational condition is inspected for two different damage cases. The unit in question is a four column semi submersible, based on the GG5000 design. This is a relatively new design, and the first vessel to get this design is in its final engineering stage. Construction start is planned to be in August this year (2012). This unit will get the name COSLProspector and will be built in CIMC Yantai Raffles shipyard in China.The unit is symmetrical about the centre line and close to symmetrical about the vertical transverse plane, only pontoon tips are different. Because of this, no significant simplifications have been necessary in order to simplify the calculation due to computational time. Another reason for not doing any simplifications to the geometry is due to the fact that the results are desired to be the most realistic. However, to reduce computational time, only half the unit has been modelled due to symmetry about centre line.To find the appropriate element size for the mesh, an element analysis has been carried out. The results from this analysis resulted in a chosen element size of 2.5m. This element size both gives accurate results, and requires a relatively short computational time. The units’ resonance periods has been investigated, and verified by help of hand calculations and comparison with RAOs done by Global Maritime (2011). However not all the values were identical to each other, but many factors can influence on that result. The GM value was not changed in this thesis, but was in Global Maritime (2011), in addition the additional damping was in this thesis taken as 3% of critical damping, while in Global Maritime (2011), Morrison elements were taken into account. These factors, and perhaps a few shortenings are assumed to be the reason for the small difference in the responses, they are however small differences for most of the periods.Two damage cases have been modelled by flooding two different water ballast tanks. These damages will give an angle of list for the unit. Damage case 1 gives an angle of list of 13.18o with a rotation of heel axis of 7o forward. Damage case 2 gives a list angle of 11.68o with a rotation of the heel axis of 39o forward. An earlier study like this one is done by Henriksen (2011), found in Grenland Groups internal archive. AQWA does not give out the tilt angles in damage cases as this is not the main purpose of this program. Therefore, the list angles for the different cases have been obtained from the report done by Henriksen (2011). However, AQWA will be used to obtain the RAOs for both cases, as well as confirm floating equilibrium in such conditions.It is assumed that the tanks are completely emptied for air, and that seawater is filling the entire volume. A table showing the different tanks flooded and its weight with seawater is shown in table 1.UnitVolume [m3]Sea water weight [MT]BWT ST-2692.51709.82BWT ST-8616.83632.25Table 1: Weight of water for flooded tanksWhen it comes to the RAOs in the damage cases, they are very hard to read. This is mainly due to the fact that the motions in these cases are highly dependent on each other due to coupled motions. Due to an angle of list, the unit is no longer symmetric. As a consequence of this a RAO for a specific degree of freedom can no longer be read like it is only this degree of freedom which is affecting the responses, but one or more of the other degrees of freedom are strongly influencing. This makes some of the peaks appear where not normally expected.It is also noticeable that the highest motions are encountered for damage case 1, which is natural because this case has the highest list angle. The resonance periods are lower in the damage cases compared to the normal operational condition, however not to a degree which is dangerously low. The lowest resonance period is still in heave.From the RAOs in the shallow draft case, it can be noticed that the highest responses in heave are encountered for the shallow condition (14.5m) compared to the survival condition (15.5m) and operational condition (17.5m), however only up to about 18s, where after that it has the smallest response, and the operational condition has the highest.In roll and pitch the trends are fairly similar. The graphs are a little uneven until the first cancellation period, and then the shallow draft gives a higher response until reaching the resonance period. In the resonance region, the operational condition has the highest response for both roll and pitch, same as for the heave.As a conclusion, the optimal approach in a situation where the unit is heavily tilted is to try to ballast the unit to an even keel. But of course risks of doing this are a possibility, such as slamming problems and the fact that the resonance periods will be shorter.
11
Gardner, Warren F. "Constraints for robust motion analysis." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9176.
12
Tresadern, Phil. "Visual analysis of articulated motion." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436970.
13
Chan, Chee Seng. "Fuzzy qualitative human motion analysis." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494009.
Abstract:
Human motion analysis is a very important task for computer vision with a spectrum of potential applications. This thesis presents a novel approach to the problem of human motion understanding. The main contribution of the thesis is that fuzzy qualitative description has been developed for studying human motion from image sequences.
14
Dobie, Mark Ralph. "Motion analysis in multimedia systems." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359240.
15
Edmison, Joshua Nathaniel. "Electronic Textiles for Motion Analysis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9978.
Abstract:
The union of electronics and textiles to form electronic textiles (e-textiles) provides a promising substrate upon which motion analysis applications can be developed and implemented. Familiarity with clothing allows sensors and computational elements to be naturally integrated into garments such that wearability and usability is preserved. The dynamics of the human body and the wide variety of sensor and processing choices render the typical prototype-based design methodology prohibitively difficult and expensive. Simulation of e-textile systems not only reduces these problems but allows for thorough exploration of the design space, faster design cycles, and more robust applications. Gait analysis, the measurement of various body motion parameters during walking for medical purposes, and context awareness, the recognition of user motions, are two immediate applications that e-textiles can impact and emphasize the feasibility of e-textiles as a medium for sensor deployment on the human body. This thesis presents the design of a simulation environment for wearable e-textile systems and demonstrates the use of the simulation via a prototype pair of e-textile pants.Master of Science
16
Teixeira, Euler da Cunha Francisco. "Motion analysis of clarinet performers." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-9UJRW7.
Abstract:
Musical expressiveness is a concept that is difficult to formalise by objective data and its analysis usually relies on some sort of subjective evaluation. Today there is a growing interest in methods and cues used to extract, quantify, analyse and synthesise these expressive intentions. This have been done mainly through the audio analysis of music performances, identifying the acoustical parameters capable of describing their expressive content. This study expands acoustical analysis methods for investigating musicians expressive intentions, incorporating information about their body movements during musical performances. It presents a method to define and analyse the physical gestures executed by the musicians while playing their instruments, and to extract motion parameters that can be objectively related to their expressive intentions and to the musical structure. The gesture consistency of 13 clarinetists is evaluated during several performances, establishing an objective relation between their expressive gestural patterns and the music structure of two selected excerpts, by Mozart and Brahms. A method is defined to represent, segment and analyse the patterns of recurrence on motion data during musical performances. Recurrent physical gestures were extracted during clarinet performances and analysed based on gestural features, comparing different musicians, musical passages and experimental conditions. Results indicate recurrent sequences of clarinet gestures in regions of the excerpts that were shown to be related to key musical moments. A corresponding analysis is conducted over the acoustical data, searching for related parametrical patterns that could validate the results of the motion analysis. The information obtained can be used to define an integrated method to parametrise and quantify the expressive intentions of musicians. This method could be incorporated to musical synthesis, recognition, analysis and teaching systems, or used in theoretical studies in musicology, human cognition and physiology, ultimately defining a musical meaning for the physical gestures of musicians during their performances.A expressividade musical é um conceito difícil de ser formalizado com base em dados objetivos e sua análise geralmente depende de algum tipo de avaliação subjetiva. Atualmente há uma crescente busca por métodos e descritores capazes de extrair, quantificar, analisar e sintetizar essas intenções expressivas. Isso vem sendo feito principalmente através da análise de áudio das execuções musicais, identificando os parâmetros acústicos capazes de descrever o seu conteúdo expressivo. Esse estudo expande os métodos de análise acústica para a investigação das intenções expressivas dos músicos, incorporando informações sobre seus movimentos corporais durante as execuções musicais. Uma metodologia é proposta para a definição e a análise dos gestos físicos realizados por eles ao tocarem, e para a extração de parâmetros de movimento que possam ser relacionados objetivamente às suas intenções expressivas e à estrutura musical. A consistência gestual de 13 clarinetistas é avaliada durante diversas execuções musicais, estabelecendo uma relação objetiva entre seus padrões gestuais expressivos e a estrutura musical de dois excertos de Mozart e Brahms. Um método é definido para representar, segmentar e analisar os padrões de recorrência nos dados de movimento das execuções. Gestos físicos recorrentes foram extraídos durante execuções de clarineta e analisados com base em parâmetros gestuais, comparando diferentes músicos, passagens musicais e condições experimentais. Os resultados indicam sequências recorrentes de gestos de clarineta em regiões dos excertos relacionadas a momentos de alta relevância musical. Uma análise correspondente é conduzida sobre os dados acústicos, buscando padrões paramétricos relacionados, capazes de validar os resultados da análise de movimento. As informações obtidas podem ser usadas para definir um método integrado de parametrização e quantificação das intenções expressivas dos músicos. Esse método pode ser incorporado a sistemas de síntese, reconhecimento, ensino e análise de música, ou utilizado em estudos teóricos nas áreas de musicologia, cognição e fisiologia humanas, possibilitando a definição de um significado musical para os gestos físicos de músicos durante execuções musicais.
17
López, Méndez Adolfo. "Articulated models for human motion analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/112124.
Abstract:
Human motion analysis is as a broad area of computer vision that has strongly attracted the interest of researchers in the last decades. Motion analysis covers topics such as human motion tracking and estimation, action and behavior recognition or segmentation of human motion. All these fields are challenging due to different reasons, but mostly because of viewing perspectives, clutter and the imprecise semantics of actions and human motion.
The computer vision community has addressed human motion analysis from several perspectives. Earlier approaches often relied on articulated human body models represented in the three-dimensional world. However, due to the traditionally high difficulty and cost of estimating such an articulated structure from video, research has focus on the development of human motion analysis approaches relying on low-level features. Although obtaining impressive results in several tasks, low-level features are typically conditioned by appearance and viewpoint, thus making difficult their application on different scenarios. Nonetheless, the increase in computational power, the massive availability of data and the irruption of consumer-depth cameras is changing the scenario, and with that change human motion analysis through articulated models can be reconsidered.
Analyzing and understanding of human motion through 3-dimensional information is still a crucial issue in order to obtain richer models of dynamics and behavior. In that sense, articulated models of the human body offer a compact and view-invariant representation of motion that can be used to leverage motion analysis. In this dissertation, we present several approaches for motion analysis. In particular, we address the problem of pose inference, action recognition and temporal clustering of human motion. Articulated models are the leitmotiv in all the presented approaches. Firstly, we address pose inference by formulating a layered analysis-by-synthesis framework where models are used to generate hypothesis that are matched against video. Based on the same articulated representation upon which models are built, we propose an action recognition framework. Actions are seen as time-series observed through the articulated model and generated by underlying dynamical systems that we hypothesize that are generating the time-series. Such an hypothesis is used in order to develop recognition methods based on time-delay embeddings, which are analysis tools that do not make assumptions on the form of the form of the underlying dynamical system. Finally, we propose a method to cluster human motion sequences into distinct behaviors, without a priori knowledge of the number of actions in the sequence. Our approach relies on the articulated model representation in order to learn a distance metric from pose data. This metric aims at capturing semantics from labeled data in order to cluster unseen motion sequences into meaningful behaviors. The proposed approaches are evaluated using publicly available datasets in order to objectively measure our contributions.L’anàlisi del moviment humà es una area de visió per computador que, en les últimes dècades, ha atret l'interès de la comunitat científica. L’anàlisi de moviment inclou temes com el seguiment del cos humà, el reconeixement d'accions i patrons de comportament, o la segmentació del moviment humà. Tots aquests camps suposen un repte a causa de diferents raons, però especialment a la perspectiva de captura de les escenes a analitzar i també a l’absència d'una semàntica precisa associada a les accions i el moviment humà. La comunitat de visió per computador ha abordat l’anàlisi del moviment humà des de diverses perspectives. Els primers enfocaments es basen en models articulats del cos humà. Aquests models representen el cos com una estructura esqueletal tridimensional. No obstant, a causa de la dificultat i el cost computacional de l’estimació d'aquesta estructura articulada a partir de vídeo, la investigació s'ha anat enfocant, en els últims anys, cap a l’anàlisi de moviment humà basat en característiques de baix nivell. Malgrat obtenir resultats impressionants en diverses tasques, les característiques de baix nivell estan normalment condicionades per l’aparença i punt de vista, cosa que fa difícil la seva aplicació en diferents escenaris. Avui dia, l'augment de la potència de càlcul, la disponibilitat massiva de dades i la irrupció de les càmares de profunditat de baix cost han proporcionat un escenari que permet reconsiderar l’anàlisi de moviment humà a través de models articulats. L'anàlisi i comprensió del moviment humà a través de la informació tridimensional segueix sent un enfocament crucial per obtenir millors models dinàmics al voltant del moviment del cos humà. Per això, els models articulats del cos humà, que ofereixen una representació compacta i invariant al punt de vista de la captura, són una eina per potenciar l'anàlisi de moviment. En aquesta tesi, es presenten diversos enfocaments per a l'anàlisi de moviment. En particular, s'aborda el problema de l'estimació de pose, el reconeixement d'accions i el clustering temporal del moviment humà. Els models articulats són el leitmotiv en tots els plantejaments presentats. En primer lloc, plantegem l’estimació de pose mitjançant la formulació d'un mètode jeràrquic d'anàlisi per síntesi en que els models s'utilitzen per generar hipòtesis que es contrasten amb vídeo. Fent servir la mateixa representació articulada del cos humà, es proposa una formulació del moviment humà per al reconeixement d'accions. La nostra hipòtesi és que les accions formen un conjunt de sistemes dinàmics subjacents que generen observacions en forma de sèries temporals. Aquestes sèries temporals són observades a través del model articulat. Aquesta hipòtesi s'utilitza amb la finalitat de desenvolupar mètodes de reconeixement basats en time-delay embeddings, una eina d’anàlisi de sèries temporals que no fa suposicions sobre la forma del sistema dinàmic subjacent. Finalment, es proposa un mètode per segmentar seqüències de moviment del cos humà en diferents comportaments o accions, sense necessitar un coneixement a priori del nombre d'accions en la seqüència. El nostre enfocament utilitza els models articulats del cos humà per aprendre una distància mètrica. Aquesta mètrica té com a objectiu capturar la semàntica implícita de les anotacions que es puguin trobar en altres bases de dades que continguin seqüències de moviment. Amb la finalitat de mesurar objectivament les nostres contribucions, els mètodes proposats són avaluats utilitzant bases de dades publiques.
18
Holmberg, Björn. "Towards markerless analysis of human motion /." Uppsala : Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, 2005. http://www.it.uu.se/research/publications/lic/2005-011/.
19
Pochobradsky, Pavel. "Computerized system for time-motion analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26306.
Abstract:
Regular participation in sports is a common practice among the general population. For cardiovascular fitness, the frequency, duration, intensity and mode of the activity must be appropriate for the individual to benefit from the activity. The benefits for cardiovascular fitness are questionable in sports involving high intensity intermittent exercise of short duration. In the past, the procedures for determination of the heart rate and the time-motion characteristics of an activity were cumbersome and time consuming, thus making application to sports an inconvenience. The purpose of this project was to develop a computer based system for matching heart rate data with time-motion characteristics. The system was tested using ice hockey and squash. Subjects were observed during activity. The heart rate data during the activity were collected using a Polar Vantage XL Heart Rate monitor set to record heart rate values in 5-second intervals. The duration and type of activity were entered in the computer in real time using a coding system. Program combined the time-motion analysis with the heart rates that were downloaded from the Polar heart rate monitor. The results were summarized as follows: (1) total time at each intensity level, (2) mean duration at each intensity level, and (3) mean heart rate at each intensity level. Output from the computer program was similar to manual calculations.
20
Giaccone, Paul. "Motion analysis of cinematographic image sequences." Thesis, Kingston University, 2000. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20647/.
Abstract:
Many digital special effects require knowledge of the motion present in an image sequence. In order for these effects to be realistic, blending seamlessly with unmodified live action or animation, motion must be represented accurately. Most existing methods of motion estimation are unsuitable for use in postproduction for one or more reasons; namely poor accuracy; corruption, by aliasing and the aperture problem, of estimation of large-magnitude motion; failure to handle multiple motions and motion boundaries; representation of curvilinear motion as concatenated translations instead of as smooth curves; slowness of execution and inefficiency in the presence of small variations between successive images. Novel methods of motion estimation are proposed here that are specifically designed for use in postproduction and address all of the above problems. The techniques are based on parametric estimation of optical-flow fields, reformulated in terms of displacements rather than velocities. The paradigm of displacement estimation leads to techniques for iterative updating of motion estimation for accuracy; faster motion estimation by exploiting redundancies between successive images; representation of motion over a sequence of images with a single set of parameters; and curvilinear representation of motion. Robust statistics provides a means for distinguishing separate types of motion and overcoming the problems of motion boundaries. Accurate recovery of the motion of the background in a sequence, combined with other image characteristics, leads to a segmentation procedure that greatly accelerates the rotoscoping and compositing tasks commonly carried out in postproduction. Comparative evaluation of the proposed methods with other techniques for motion estimation and image segmentation indicates that, in most cases, the new work provides considerable improvements in quality.
21
Saunders, Thomas. "Image motion analysis using inertial sensors." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687346.
Abstract:
Understanding the motion of a camera from only the image(s) it captures is a di cult problem. At best we might hope to estimate the relative motion between camera and scene if we assume a static subject, but once we start considering scenes with dynamic content it becomes di cult to di↵erentiate between motion due to the observer or motion due to scene movement. In this thesis we show how the invaluable cues provided by inertial sensor data can be used to simplify motion analysis and relax requirements for several computer vision problems. This work was funded by the University of Bath.
22
Holmberg, Björn. "Towards markerless analysis of human motion." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för systemteknik, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-86359.
Abstract:
The topic for this thesis is the analysis of human movement, or more specifically, markerless analysis of human movement from video material. By markerless analysis is meant that the full image material is used as input in contrast with traditional marker systems that only use the positions of marker centers. The basic idea is to use more of the information in the images to improve the analysis. Starting of with the aim of markerless analysis an application is designed that use, to the subject added texture to estimate the position of the knee joint center in real images. The approach show the plausibility of using subject texture for estimation purposes. Another issue that is addressed is how one can generate synthetic image data. Using basic tools of graphics programming a virtual environment used to synthesize data is created. This environment is also used to evaluate some different camera solutions. One method to make three dimensional reconstruction from multiple images of an object is tested using the synthetic data. The method is based on a "brute force" approach and does not show good performance in terms of computing speed. With appropriate representations of the three dimensional objects, mathematical methods might speed up the analysis.
23
Neverova, Natalia. "Deep learning for human motion analysis." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI029/document.
Abstract:
L'objectif de ce travail est de développer des méthodes avancées d'apprentissage pour l’analyse et l'interprétation automatique du mouvement humain à partir de sources d'information diverses, telles que les images, les vidéos, les cartes de profondeur, les données de type “MoCap” (capture de mouvement), les signaux audio et les données issues de capteurs inertiels. A cet effet, nous proposons plusieurs modèles neuronaux et des algorithmes d’entrainement associés pour l’apprentissage supervisé et semi-supervisé de caractéristiques. Nous proposons des approches de modélisation des dépendances temporelles, et nous montrons leur efficacité sur un ensemble de tâches fondamentales, comprenant la détection, la classification, l’estimation de paramètres et la vérification des utilisateurs (la biométrie). En explorant différentes stratégies de fusion, nous montrons que la fusion des modalités à plusieurs échelles spatiales et temporelles conduit à une augmentation significative des taux de reconnaissance, ce qui permet au modèle de compenser les erreurs des classifieurs individuels et le bruit dans les différents canaux. En outre, la technique proposée assure la robustesse du classifieur face à la perte éventuelle d’un ou de plusieurs canaux. Dans un deuxième temps nous abordons le problème de l’estimation de la posture de la main en présentant une nouvelle méthode de régression à partir d’images de profondeur. Dernièrement, dans le cadre d’un projet séparé (mais lié thématiquement), nous explorons des modèles temporels pour l'authentification automatique des utilisateurs de smartphones à partir de leurs habitudes de tenir, de bouger et de déplacer leurs téléphones. Dans ce contexte, les données sont acquises par des capteurs inertiels embraqués dans les appareils mobilesThe research goal of this work is to develop learning methods advancing automatic analysis and interpreting of human motion from different perspectives and based on various sources of information, such as images, video, depth, mocap data, audio and inertial sensors. For this purpose, we propose a several deep neural models and associated training algorithms for supervised classification and semi-supervised feature learning, as well as modelling of temporal dependencies, and show their efficiency on a set of fundamental tasks, including detection, classification, parameter estimation and user verification. First, we present a method for human action and gesture spotting and classification based on multi-scale and multi-modal deep learning from visual signals (such as video, depth and mocap data). Key to our technique is a training strategy which exploits, first, careful initialization of individual modalities and, second, gradual fusion involving random dropping of separate channels (dubbed ModDrop) for learning cross-modality correlations while preserving uniqueness of each modality-specific representation. Moving forward, from 1 to N mapping to continuous evaluation of gesture parameters, we address the problem of hand pose estimation and present a new method for regression on depth images, based on semi-supervised learning using convolutional deep neural networks, where raw depth data is fused with an intermediate representation in the form of a segmentation of the hand into parts. In separate but related work, we explore convolutional temporal models for human authentication based on their motion patterns. In this project, the data is captured by inertial sensors (such as accelerometers and gyroscopes) built in mobile devices. We propose an optimized shift-invariant dense convolutional mechanism and incorporate the discriminatively-trained dynamic features in a probabilistic generative framework taking into account temporal characteristics. Our results demonstrate, that human kinematics convey important information about user identity and can serve as a valuable component of multi-modal authentication systems
24
Parameswaran, Vasudev. "View-invariance in visual human motion analysis." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1408.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.Thesis research directed by: Computer Science. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
25
Stenbro, Roger Eivind. "Performance Analysis of Nonlinearly Controlled Motion Systems." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9818.
Abstract:
In this thesis, we investige the applicability of the certain numerical methods for the solution of certain systems of partial differential equations. Numerical methods for this purpose are studied, in particular the finite element method. These systems arise from the study of extending performance analysis to general convergent nonlinear systems. It is argued that, for simplex meshes, the finite element method is not applicable to the systems. Further, it is argued that the finite element method should not be pursued as an alternative to the solution of these systems, as far better alternatives have recently been developed.
26
Erdem, Sezen. "Human Motion Analysis Via Axis Based Representations." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608815/index.pdf.
Abstract:
Visual analysis of human motion is one of the active research areas in computer vision.
The trend shifts from computing motion fields to understanding actions. In this
thesis, an action coding scheme based on trajectories of the features calculated with
respect to a part based coordinate system is presented. The part based coordinate
system is formed using an axis based representation. The features are extracted from
images segmented in the form of silhouettes. We present some preliminary experiments
that demonstrate the potential of the method in action similarity analysis.
27
Aristidou, Andreas. "Tracking and modelling motion for biomechanical analysis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/237554.
Abstract:
This thesis focuses on the problem of determining appropriate skeletal configurations for which a virtual animated character moves to desired positions as smoothly, rapidly, and as accurately as possible. During the last decades, several methods and techniques, sophisticated or heuristic, have been presented to produce smooth and natural solutions to the Inverse Kinematics (IK) problem. However, many of the currently available methods suffer from high computational cost and production of unrealistic poses. In this study, a novel heuristic method, called Forward And Backward Reaching Inverse Kinematics (FABRIK), is proposed, which returnsvisually natural poses in real-time, equally comparable with highly sophisticated approaches. It is capable of supporting constraints for most of the known joint types and it can be extended to solve problems with multiple end effectors, multiple targets and closed loops. FABRIK wascompared against the most popular IK approaches and evaluated in terms of its robustness and performance limitations. This thesis also includes a robust methodology for marker prediction under multiple marker occlusion for extended time periods, in order to drive real-time centre of rotation (CoR) estimations. Inferred information from neighbouring markers has been utilised, assuming that the inter-marker distances remain constant over time. This is the firsttime where the useful information about the missing markers positions which are partially visible to a single camera is deployed. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed methodology can effectively track the occluded markers with high accuracy, even if the occlusion persists for extended periods of time, recovering in real-time good estimates of the true joint positions. In addition, the predicted positions of the joints were further improved by employing FABRIK to relocate their positions and ensure a fixed bone length over time. Our methodology is tested against some of the most popular methods for marker prediction and the results confirm that our approach outperforms these methods in estimating both marker and CoR positions. Finally, an efficient model for real-time hand tracking and reconstruction that requires a minimumnumber of available markers, one on each finger, is presented. The proposed hand modelis highly constrained with joint rotational and orientational constraints, restricting the fingers and palm movements to an appropriate feasible set. FABRIK is then incorporated to estimate the remaining joint positions and to fit them to the hand model. Physiological constraints, such as inertia, abduction, flexion etc, are also incorporated to correct the final hand posture. A mesh deformation algorithm is then applied to visualise the movements of the underlying hand skeleton for comparison with the true hand poses. The mathematical framework used for describing and implementing the techniques discussed within this thesis is Conformal GeometricAlgebra (CGA).
28
Rexhepi, Astrit. "Motion analysis using probabilistic and statistical reasoning." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2007. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843205/.
Abstract:
The usual input to a motion analysis system is a temporal image sequence. Even though motion analysis is often called dynamic image analysis, it is frequently based on a small number of consecutive images, sometimes just two or three in a sequence. This case is similar to an analysis of static images, and the motion is actually analyzed at a higher level. There are three main groups of motion-related problems: Motion detection, moving object detection and localization, and derivation of 3D object properties. In this thesis we focused our attention on the second group. More specifically, within this group we will be dealing with four main issues: Moving object boundary detection, boundary delineation, boundary representation and description, and boundary matching for fast future location prediction. To detect moving object boundaries a new theory derived from temporal cooccurrence matrices is proposed, developed and applied. Afterwards, a filter design is developed to get fast and accurate results. As any boundary detection method, the output from this stage is usually a set of unlinked segments of boundaries. To assemble these segments of boundaries into meaningful boundary, a new active contour model has been proposed and developed that is capable of escaping energy minima caused by noise. Since our method for matching we based on the correspondence of interest points (feature points), we needed a proper set of invariant descriptors in order to match contours of two successive frames. For this task, a new theory on boundary representation and description called The theory of variances and varilets has been proposed and developed. We used moments of the variance transform and the normalized variance transform for an initial matching of contours which is in some sense a global matching. Afterwards, an Iterative sub-mappings strategy has been proposed and applied for fine matching. An important issue from the moment function was that extrema of successive derivatives provide as a coarse-to-fine matching, where to each feature point we assigned a proper descriptor induced from the normalized variance transform matrix.
29
Mitikiri, Praveen Kumar. "Rate distortion analysis for conditional motion estimation." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2010.
Abstract:
Rate Distortion analysis is a branch of information theory that predicts the tradeoffs between rate and distortion in source coding. In this thesis, we present the rate distortion analysis for conditional motion estimation, a process that estimates motion based on a criterion that affects coding rate, complexity of coding scheme and quality of the reconstructed video. In order to guide the rate distortion analysis, we use a conditional motion estimation scheme that estimates motion for certain blocks selected based on significant changes. We begin by explaining the conditional motion estimation technique and the effect of decision criteria on the technique. We then model the motion vectors as Gaussian-Markov process and study the rate distortion tradeoffs in the video encoding scheme. The rate distortion bound derived in this manner is also validated with a practical approach.Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Includes bibliographic references (leaves 28-31)
30
Sharma, Yachna. "Surgical skill assessment using motion texture analysis." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51890.
Abstract:
In this thesis, we propose a framework for automated assessment of surgical skills to expedite the manual assessment process and to provide unbiased evaluations with possible dexterity feedback. Evaluation of surgical skills is an important aspect in training of medical students. Current practices rely on manual evaluations from faculty and residents and are time consuming. Proposed solutions in literature involve retrospective evaluations such as watching the offline videos. It requires precious time and attention of expert surgeons and may vary from one surgeon to another. With recent advancements in computer vision and machine learning techniques, the retrospective video evaluation can be best delegated to the computer algorithms. Skill assessment is a challenging task requiring expert domain knowledge that may be difficult to translate into algorithms. To emulate this human observation process, an appropriate data collection mechanism is required to track motion of the surgeon's hand in an unrestricted manner. In addition, it is essential to identify skill defining motion dynamics and skill relevant hand locations. This Ph.D. research aims to address the limitations of manual skill assessment by developing an automated motion analysis framework. Specifically, we propose (1) to design and implement quantitative features to capture fine motion details from surgical video data, (2) to identify and test the efficacy of a core subset of features in classifying the surgical students into different expertise levels, (3) to derive absolute skill scores using regression methods and (4) to perform dexterity analysis using motion data from different hand locations.
31
Rusaw, Shawn. "Sensor-based motion planning via nonsmooth analysis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:46fa490d-c4ca-45ad-9cd5-b1f11920863d.
Abstract:
In this thesis we present a novel approach to sensor-based motion planning developed using the mathematical tools provided by the field of nonsmooth analysis. The work is based on a broad body of background material developed using the tools of differential topology (smooth analysis), that is limited to simple cases like a point or circular robot. Nonsmooth analysis is required to extend this background work to the case of a polygonal robot moving amidst polygonal obstacles. We present a detailed nonsmooth analysis of the distance function for arbitrary configuration spaces and use this analysis to develop a planner for a rotating and translating polygonal mobile robot. Using the tools of nonsmooth analysis, we then describe a one-dimensional nonsmooth roadmap of the robot's freespace called the Nonsmooth Critical Set + Nonsmooth Generalised Voronoi Graph (NCRIT+NGVG) where the robot is equidistant to a number of obstacles, in a critical configuration or passing between two obstacles. We then use the related field of nonsmooth control theory to develop several provably stable control laws for following and exploring the nonsmooth roadmap. Finally, we implement a motion planner in simulation and for a real polygonal mobile robot, thus verifying the utility and practicality of the nonsmooth roadmap.
32
Sokolov, Michael Adam. "Visual motion : algorithms for analysis and application." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70173.
33
Simoncelli, Eero Peter. "Distributed representation and analysis of visual motion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12590.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1993.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-179).
by Eero Peter Simoncelli.
Ph.D.
34
Kates, Mitchell (Mitchell H. ). "Player motion analysis : automatically classifying NBA plays." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100664.
Abstract:
Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 55-56).
Basketball is a team game, and an important task for coaches is analyzing the effectiveness of various offensive plays. Currently, teams spend a great deal of time examining video of past games. If teams could automatically classify plays, they could more effectively analyze their own plays and scout their opponents. In this thesis, we develop a methodology to help automatically classify a set of NBA plays using data from the SportVU optical tracking system, which tracks the position of each player and the ball 25 times per second. The problem is made challenging by the variations in how a play is run, the high proportion of possessions where no set play is run, the variance in length of plays, and the difficulty of acquiring a large number of labeled plays. We develop a framework for classifying plays using supervised machine learning. In our approach, we incorporate a novel sliding block algorithm that improves our classifier by accounting for the difference in play lengths. We also use a variant of the traditional one vs. all multi-class SVM. This approach is well suited to distinguish labeled plays from free motion and unlabeled plays. This thesis demonstrates that we can use SportVU data to automatically differentiate plays. We selected a total of six plays to classify, where each play had at least 20 labeled instances. We also added a large selection of plays that were not one of these six and labeled them as Other. Our framework correctly predicted the play with an accuracy of 72.6% and an F-score of .727. We also propose a framework, based on our engineered features, to extend our research to unlabeled plays.
by Mitchell Kates.
M. Eng.
35
Abedan, Kondori Farid. "Human Motion Analysis for Creating Immersive Experiences." Licentiate thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-55832.
Abstract:
From an early age, people display the ability to quickly and effortlessly interpret the orientation and movement of human body parts, thereby allowing one to infer the intentions of others who are nearby and to comprehend an important nonverbal form of communication. The ease with which one accomplishes this task belies the difficulty of a problem that has challenged computational systems for decades, human motion analysis. Technological developments over years have resulted into many systems for measuring body segment positions and angles between segments. In these systems human body is typically considered as a system of rigid links connected by joints. The motion is estimated by the use of measurements from mechanical, optical, magnetic, or inertial trackers. Among all kinds of sensors, optical sensing encompasses a large and varying collection of technologies. In a computer vision context, human motion analysis is a topic that studies methods and applications in which two or more consecutive images from an image sequences, e.g. captured by a video camera, are processed to produce information based on the apparent human body motion in the images. Many different disciplines employ motion analysis systems to capture movement and posture of human body for applications such as medical diagnostics, virtual reality, human-computer interaction etc. This thesis gives an insight into the state of the art human motion analysissystems, and provides new methods for capturing human motion.
36
Yang, Cheng. "Multimedia motion analysis for remote health monitoring." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2017. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27952.
Abstract:
Substantial amount of research in home-use health monitoring techniques has emerged given growing global health awareness and ageing population in recent decades. These sensor-driven home-use healthcare applications encourage patient involvement at home during daytime activities and nighttime sleep, effectively help assess patients conditions away from clinics and hospitals, and significantly reduce the number of infirmary visits. However, there are two main issues in current wearable/remote sensor-based home-use health monitoring applications: 1) portable human motion analysis systems that are commercially available still require substantial amount of manual effort to process the measurements, which is time consuming and thus impractical for long-term home-use health monitoring, and 2) current sleep-related health monitoring applications are intrusive to the body, limited to measuring the respiration rate and sleep duration, or not clinically validated to demonstrate their efficacy. In this dissertation, we overcome the drawbacks of current health monitoring systems as follows. For lower limb motion analysis, we propose an alternative to state of the art optical motion analysis systems, cost-effective and portable, single-camera system. For upper limb motion analysis, we track all relevant body joints simultaneously, and classify the post-stroke recovery levels based on features extracted from the tracked body-joint trajectories. For abnormal respiratory event detection during sleep, we propose to record video and audio of a patient using a depth camera during his/her sleep, and extract relevant features to train a classifier for detection of the abnormal respiratory events scored manually by a scientific officer based on data collected by a clinical-use sleeping device The main contribution of this dissertation lies in proposing new application-driven algorithms for advancing cost-effective human limb motion analysis and sleep monitoring healthcare techniques, including an autonomous detection scheme for finding the initial and final frames that are of interest for video analysis, a single marker tracking scheme that is based on the Kalman filter and Structural Similarity image quality assessment,an autonomous gait event detection scheme that is based on the features of the relative positions of the markers, a scheme classification of the post-stroke recovery level by minimization of graph total variation with graph-based signal processing, an alternating-frame depth video coding scheme, a depth video temporal denoising scheme using a motion vector graph smoothness prior, and a dual-ellipse model that can efficiently track the torso motion during a person is sleeping. Experimental results show that, both the autonomous frame-of-interest detection and gait event detection show high detections rates. The validation of tracking in terms of the knee angle, shoulder movement, trunk tilt and elbow movement with a gold standard optical motion analysis system shows R-squared value larger than 0.95. The graph-based classification scheme has the potential to accurately classify participants into different stroke groups. Our depth video coding scheme outperforms a competitor that records only the 8 most significant bits. Our temporal denoising scheme reduces the flickering effect without ever-smoothing. Finally, our trained classifiers can deduce respiratory events with high accuracy. Overall, our proposed limb motion analysis system offers an alternative,inexpensive and convenient solution for clinical gait and upper limb motion analysis,and our proposed sleep monitoring system can reliably detect abnormal respiratory events using our extracted video and audio features.
37
Hosseini, Babak [Verfasser]. "Interpretable analysis of motion data / Babak Hosseini." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1237815509/34.
38
Mitikiri, Praveen Kumar Namuduri Kamiswara. "Rate distortion analysis for conditional motion estimation." A link to full text of this thesis in SOAR, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2010.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering.Copyright 2008 by Praveen Kumar Mitikiri. All Rights Reserved. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 28-31).
39
Conrad, Bryan Preston. "Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of spine motion." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041210.
40
Jiang, Hai. "Quantitative deformable motion estimation for biophysical analysis /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3144427.
41
Ming, Kee-ying Thomas. "An analysis of the filmic : a philosophical grounding for film aesthetics /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B15949941.
42
Ye, Ming. "Robust visual motion analysis : piecewise-smooth optical flow and motion-based detection and tracking /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6077.
43
Apthorp, Deborah Miriam. "The role of motion streaks in human visual motion perception." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/7432.
Abstract:
For many years, artists and photographers have used blurred lines or `motion streaks' along an object's trajectory of motion to indicate fast motion. As it turns out, these streaks must occur in vision, because the visual system integrates information over time, around 100 - 120 ms. Generally streaks are not seen, but they could prove a useful cue to direction of motion, as suggested in an influential model proposed by Geisler (1999). In experiments exploiting the tilt aftereffect and illusion paradigms, we found that strong motion streaks produced robust tilt aftereffects and illusions, similar in magnitude and orientation tuning to those induced by tilted lines. These effects were weak or absent in weak streak conditions, and when motion was too slow to form streaks. We also investigated binocular rivalry suppression of static stimuli by fast and slow motion, and found that grating stimuli oriented parallel to the direction of fast, rivalling motions were more deeply suppressed than those orthogonal to the motion direction, but only for fast, `streaky' motion, not slow motion. We attributed this deeper suppression to within-channel masking by motion streaks, as there was clear orientation tuning of this effect, both during suppression and dominance phases. We further explored masking by motion streaks in two further studies addressing the orientation and spatial frequency tuning of dichoptic and monoptic masking by motion streaks. Finally, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the neural correlates of these streaks, and found similar patterns of activity for fast motion and static, oriented patterns, which could successfully be used by a classifier algorithm to decode whether a participant was viewing one of two directions of motion (45 or 135 degrees) after training on orientation sessions alone. Together, these results indicate that motion streaks produced by temporal integration of fast translating features effectively adapt orientation-selective cells, that they cause masking similar to that caused by static stimuli, that they can cause tuned suppression of oriented stimuli even when not seen, and that they are present in early visual cortex. Thus, motion streaks are present in the visual system, and would be available to perform the function ascribed to them by Geisler. This is discussed in terms of traditional models of motion perception, and some novel predictions and future experiments are proposed.
44
Braude, David Adam. "Head motion synthesis : evaluation and a template motion approach." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20418.
Abstract:
The use of conversational agents has increased across the world. From providing automated support for companies to being virtual psychologists they have moved from an academic curiosity to an application with real world relevance. While many researchers have focused on the content of the dialogue and synthetic speech to give the agents a voice, more recently animating these characters has become a topic of interest. An additional use for character animation technology is in the film and video game industry where having characters animated without needing to pay for expensive labour would save tremendous costs. When animating characters there are many aspects to consider, for example the way they walk. However, to truly assist with communication automated animation needs to duplicate the body language used when speaking. In particular conversational agents are often only an animation of the upper parts of the body, so head motion is one of the keys to a believable agent. While certain linguistic features are obvious, such as nodding to indicate agreement, research has shown that head motion also aids understanding of speech. Additionally head motion often contains emotional cues, prosodic information, and other paralinguistic information. In this thesis we will present our research into synthesising head motion using only recorded speech as input. During this research we collected a large dataset of head motion synchronised with speech, examined evaluation methodology, and developed a synthesis system. Our dataset is one of the larger ones available. From it we present some statistics about head motion in general. Including differences between read speech and story telling speech, and differences between speakers. From this we are able to draw some conclusions as to what type of source data will be the most interesting in head motion research, and if speaker-dependent models are needed for synthesis. In our examination of head motion evaluation methodology we introduce Forced Canonical Correlation Analysis (FCCA). FCCA shows the difference between head motion shaped noise and motion capture better than standard methods for objective evaluation used in the literature. We have shown that for subjective testing it is best practice to use a variation of MUltiple Stimuli with Hidden Reference and Anchor (MUSHRA) based testing, adapted for head motion. Through experimentation we have developed guidelines for the implementation of the test, and the constraints on the length. Finally we present a new system for head motion synthesis. We make use of simple templates of motion, automatically extracted from source data, that are warped to suit the speech features. Our system uses clustering to pick the small motion units, and a combined HMM and GMM based approach for determining the values of warping parameters at synthesis time. This results in highly natural looking motion that outperforms other state of the art systems. Our system requires minimal human intervention and produces believable motion. The key innovates were the new methods for segmenting head motion and creating a process similar to language modelling for synthesising head motion.
45
Kruger, Stefan A. "Motion analysis and estimation using multiresolution affine models." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/f1c3201e-cc47-4064-a897-5264498767bf.
46
IKBAL, MOHAMED SADIQ. "Motion Generation and Planning System for a Virtual Reality Motion Simulator: Development, Integration, and Analysis." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1046138.
Abstract:
In the past five years, the advent of virtual reality devices has significantly influenced research in the field of immersion in a virtual world. In addition to the visual input, the motion cues play a vital role in the sense of presence and the factor of engagement in a virtual environment. This thesis aims to develop a motion generation and planning system for the SP7 motion simulator. SP7 is a parallel robotic manipulator in a 6RSS-R configuration. The motion generation system must be able to produce accurate motion data that matches the visual and audio signals. In this research, two different system workflows have been developed, the first for creating custom visual, audio, and motion cues, while the second for extracting the required motion data from an existing game or simulation. Motion data from the motion generation system are not bounded, while motion simulator movements are limited. The motion planning system commonly known as the motion cueing algorithm is used to create an effective illusion within the limited capabilities of the motion platform. Appropriate and effective motion cues could be achieved by a proper understanding of the perception of human motion, in particular the functioning of the vestibular system. A classical motion cueing has been developed using the model of the semi-circular canal and otoliths. A procedural implementation of the motion cueing algorithm has been described in this thesis. We have integrated all components together to make this robotic mechanism into a VR motion simulator. In general, the performance of the motion simulator is measured by the quality of the motion perceived on the platform by the user. As a result, a novel methodology for the systematic subjective evaluation of the SP7 with a pool of juries was developed to check the quality of motion perception. Based on the results of the evaluation, key issues related to the current configuration of the SP7 have been identified. Minor issues were rectified on the flow, so they were not extensively reported in this thesis. Two major issues have been addressed extensively, namely the parameter tuning of the motion cueing algorithm and the motion compensation of the visual signal in virtual reality devices. The first issue was resolved by developing a tuning strategy with an abstraction layer concept derived from the outcome of the novel technique for the objective assessment of the motion cueing algorithm. The origin of the second problem was found to be a calibration problem of the Vive lighthouse tracking system. So, a thorough experimental study was performed to obtain the optimal calibrated environment. This was achieved by benchmarking the dynamic position tracking performance of the Vive lighthouse tracking system using an industrial serial robot as a ground truth system. With the resolution of the identified issues, a general-purpose virtual reality motion simulator has been developed that is capable of creating custom visual, audio, and motion cues and of executing motion planning for a robotic manipulator with a human motion perception constraint.
47
Robinson, M. Dirk. "Estimation theoretic analysis of motion in image sequences /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
48
Dane, Gökc̦e. "Temporal frame interpolation by motion analysis and processing /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3191984.
49
Coll, Pedro F. "Target motion analysis from a diesel submarine's perspective." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA289557.
50
Sarigol, Ebru. "Numerical And Experimental Analysis Of Flapping Wing Motion." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608613/index.pdf.
Abstract:
The aerodynamics of two-dimensional and three-dimensional flapping motion in hover is analyzed in incompressible, laminar flow at low Reynolds number regime. The aim of this study is to understand the physics and the underlying mechanisms of the flapping motion using both numerical tools (Direct Numerical Simulation) and experimental tools (Particle Image Velocimetry PIV technique). Numerical analyses cover both two-dimensional and three-dimensional configurations for different parameters using two different flow solvers. The obtained results are then analyzed in terms of aerodynamic force coefficients and vortex dynamics. Both symmetric and cambered airfoil sections are investigated at different starting angle of attacks. Both numerical and experimental simulations are carried out at Reynolds number 1000. The experimental analysis is carried out using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique in parallel with the numerical tools. Experimental measurements are taken for both two-dimensional and three-dimensional wing configurations using stereoscopic PIV technique.