Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analyse du mouvement – Capture de mouvements'
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Knossow, David. "Analyse et capture multicaméras du mouvement humain." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0039.
Full textMy Ph. D manuscript deals with the problem of markerless human motion capture. We propose an approach that relies on the use of multiple cameras and that avoids most of the constraints on the environment and the use of markers to perform the motion capture, as it is generally the case for industrial systems. The absence of markers makes harder the problem of extracting relevant information from images but also to correlate this information between. Moreover, interpreting this extracted information in terms of joint parameters motion is not an easy task. We propose an approach that relies on occluding contours of the human body. We studied the link between motion parameters and the apparent motion of the edges in images. Minimizing the error between the extracted edges and the projection of the 3D model onto the images allows to estimate the motion parameters of the actor. Among the opened issues, we show that using video based motion capture allows to provide additional hints such as contacts between body parts or between the actor and its environment. This information is particularly relevant for improving character animation
Hachem, Sarah. "Analyse du mouvement humain à l'aide d'un système de capture de mouvement." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7616.
Full textCourtemanche, Simon. "Analyse et simulation des mouvements optimaux en escalade." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM082/document.
Full textHow optimal are human movements ? This thesis tackles this issue by focusing especially on climbing movements, studied here under three complementary aspects which are the experimental gathering of climbing sequences, the biomechanical analysis of these data, and the synthesis of gestures by timing optimization. Walking has been largely studied, with good results in animation [Mordatch 2013]. We are interested here especially in the original question of climbing motions, whose diversity and multicontact aspect present an interesting complexity for the evaluation of the human motion characteristics. The heterogeneity of climbing gestures can be linked to several factors which are the variety of wall shapes, the multiplicity of climber skill levels, and different climbing categories, namely bouldering, route climbing or speed climbing. Our exploratory approach of this sport consists in three steps: the data collection by multicamera marker-based motion capture, combined with a set of force sensors mounted on an in-laboratory bouldering wall; a gesture analysis by inverse dynamics, taking only kinematic data as inputs, based on the minimization of internal torques to resolve the multicontact ambiguity, intrinsic to the climbing activity, validated by comparison with sensor measurements; and finally, the use of the energy efficiency criterion for synthesizing the best timing associated with a given sequence of movements. Experimental recordings were made at McGill University which has a climbing wall instrumented of 6 force sensors, and a motion capture device of 24 cameras, which allowed us to collect data on a population of nine subjects. The analysis of these data is the second part of this thesis. The addressed challenge is to find the external forces and internal torques from the climber's movements only. To this end we assume an optimal distribution of internal torques. After analysis, the distribution turns out to be rather uniform than proportional to the muscle capacity associated to each body joint. Finally, in a third and last part, we focus on the timing of climbing gestures, taking as input the path of the climber, possibly after inverse kinematics in order to overcome the need for a capture with markers and infrared cameras. As output, an optimal timing for this path is found. This timing is realistic, but lacks of a modelization for hesitation and decision making instants, as well as a model for the contact establishment, with the associated temporal delay currently not taken into account
Marcellin, Félix. "Analyse de la précision d’un nouveau système de capture du mouvement optique : cas du Mokam." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. https://bibliotheque.utc.fr/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/2021COMP2626.
Full textMany motion capture systems emerge each year. However, although these systems are part of the family of metrology tools, the information on measurement accuracy is heterogeneous and their scope is at the discretion of the user. In this context, the research question I asked myself was : how to compare the accuracy of motion capture systems of different technologies and how to define a compatible application ? In this thesis, I was interested in optical motion analysis systems with markers. The two motion capture systems I used are the Mokam system (Kinestesia ,Verton, France) and the Vicon system (Oxford Metrics, United Kingdom). The latter is considered as the reference. In order to obtain the precision information of a system, I proposed an experimental protocol to evaluate the precision in statics and during the realisation of movement. Then I identified applications for postural control or quantified analysis of the locomotion achievable by a system according to its precision capabilities. This research work aloud, in a first step, to evaluate the spatial precision of three-dimensional localisation of these two systems transposable to all marker-based motion capture systems. Secondly, it was shown that measurement accuracy is a crucial point in determining the application of these systems. In other words, not every motion capture system can be dedicated to every application
Chaumeil, Anaïs. "Evaluation et développement de méthodes d'analyse du mouvement sans marqueurs à partir de vidéos." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10209.
Full textVideo-based markerless motion capture has benefitted, in the last few years, from the development of automatic point estimation methods, which are based on deep learning techniques. For motion analysis in biomechanics, these methods have numerous advantages, such as the possibility to analyse the movement without participant-worn equipment or outside of the laboratory. The goal of this thesis is thus to contribute to the evaluation and development of video-based markerless motion capture methods for applications in biomechanics. First, an existing video-based markerless motion capture method is evaluated for movements and kinematic parameters, rarely studied in the literature. Then, 2D keypoints estimated by automatic point estimation methods are characterized, and the influence of these characteristics on 3D point reconstruction is studied. Finally, a method using whole confidence heatmaps – which are obtained using automatic point estimation methods – to compute 3D kinematics is proposed and evaluated
Devos, Pierre. "Contribution biomécanique à l'analyse cinématique in vivo des mouvements de la main humaine." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2359/document.
Full textThe human hand is a prehensile organ which allows people to handle objects with various sizes and shapes. It is wonderful tool that can be used to perform different simple or complex tasks with strength or great dexterity. It is also a crucial tool in the daily life, both at home and in the workspace, and loss of hand functionality may quickly become disabling for some people. There are few studies in the literature. However, motion capture and kinematic analysis of the hand is becoming more and more of an interest in different areas such as medicine, ergonomics, sport, robotics, virtual reality and video games. Results from these studies have improved knowledge about skills of the hand and how to preserve them. The studies have also improved interactions between people and computers in order to command robots or to progress in virtual reality. The aim of the thesis was to develop methods for an in vivo and subject-specific kinematic analysis in order to contribute to the improvement of knowledge about the human hand motion. A first part of this thesis was to develop a protocol for the motion capture of the hand for male and female subjects aged from 20 to 50 years old. The motion capture was performed using an optoelectronic system with passive markers glued on the skin of the hand. Two sorts of movements were captured. Firstly, functional movements like flexion-extension and abduction-adduction. Secondly, prehensile movements of cylindrical and spherical objects. Then, markers on the motion captures were identified in order to extract their trajectories. The second part of this thesis consisted in the development of a method for the kinematic analysis of external hand movements from the marker trajectories. Validation of this method was achieved using a model of the hand developed in silico. Since no noise was added to the marker trajectories in the silico model; kinematic parameters were estimated with precision. Moreover, assessment of the functional methods showed that the hand motions can be approximated by a plane, a circular arc or a spherical cap depending on the joint studied. After constructing the functional coordinate systems for each segment of the hand using the joint kinematic parameters, it was possible to decompose any joint rotation into three Cardan angles. This decomposition method was validated using the marker trajectories of the hand model, except for the trapeziometacarpal (TMC) and the metacarpophalangeal (MCP1) joints of the thumb which are more difficult to study. The last part of this thesis consisted in the analysis of the functional and the prehensile movements from the motion captures. The curves of the Cardan angles obtained from the functional movements are similar to those presented in the literature for all of the joints, except for the TMC joint. It was also noticed that the joint rotations do not occur around only one axis, but around one dominant axis and one or two secondary axes. However, some differences between the curves of the Cardan angles around the secondary axes obtained in this thesis and those presented in the literature were noticed for some joints. Despite only few prehensile grasps were analyzed, some interesting correlations were also found between the hand shape and the objects grasped, more particularly at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints
Zong, Cong. "Système embarqué de capture et analyse du mouvement humain durant la marche." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839442.
Full textSalmeron-Quiroz, Bernardino Benito. "Fusion de données multicapteurs pour la capture de mouvement." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10062.
Full textThis thesis deals with motion capture (MoCap) which goal is to acquire the attitude of human's body. In our case, the arm and the leg are considered. The MoCap trackers are made of "software" and "hardware" parts which allow acquisition of the movement of an object or a human in space in real or differed time. Many MoCaps systems still exist, but they require an adaptation of the environment. In this thesis, a low cost, low weight attitude central unit (UCN namely a triaxes magnetometer and a triaxes accelerometer), is used. This attitude central unit has been developed within the CEA-LETI. In this work, we propose different algorithms to estimate the attitude and the linear accelerations of a rigid body. For the rotation parametrization, the unit quaternion is used. Firstly, the estimation of the attitude and the accelerations (6DDL case) from the measurements provided by ACU is done via an optimization technique. The motion capture of articulated chains (arm and leg) is also studied with ad-hoc assumptions on the accelerations in the pivot connections, the orientation of the segments as well as the accelerations in particular points of the segments can be estimated. The different approaches proposed in this work have been evaluated with simulated data and real data
Salmeron-Quiroz, Bernardino Benito. "Fusion de données multicapteurs pour la capture de mouvement." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00148577.
Full textDatas, Adrien. "Analyse et simulation de mouvements d'atteinte contraints en position et orientation pour un humanoïde de synthèse." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0005/document.
Full textThe simulation of human movement is an active theme of research, particularly in ergonomic analysis to aid in the design of workstations. The aim of this thesis concerns the automatic generation of reaching tasks in the horizontal plane for a virtual humanoid. An objective expressed in the task space, requires coordination of all joints of the mannequin. The main difficulties encountered in the simulation of realistic movements is related to the natural redundancy of the human. Our approach is focused mainly on two aspects: - Motion of the hand's operator in the task space (spatial and temporal aspect), - Coordination of all kinematic chains. To characterize human movement, we conducted a set of motion capture with position and orientation constraints of the hand in the horizontal plane. These acquisitions allowed to know the spatial and temporal evolution of the hand in the task space, for translation and rotation aspects. These acquired data were coupled with a playback method to analyze the intrinsic relations that link the task space to joint space of the model. The automatic generation scheme of realistic motion is based on a stack of task with a kinematic approach. The assumption used to simulate the action is to follow the shortest path in the task space while limiting the cost in the joint space. The scheme is characterized by a set of parameters. A global map of parameter adjustment enables the simulation of a class of realistic movements. Finally, this scheme is validated quantitatively and qualitatively with comparison between the simulation and the human gesture
Sarhan, François-Régis. "Quantification des mouvements de la mimique faciale par motion capture sur une population de volontaires sains." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2370/document.
Full textThe care of facial paralysis is often complex and therefore requires monitoring over the long term. There are many clinical severity scores with varying levels of sensitivity to assess the deficit of facial movement, but most of them are qualitative. The number of assessment methods is an obstacle to monitor patients and treatment evaluation. We need an objective measurement tool to provide reliable measures of resting asymmetry, symmetry of voluntary movement and synkinesis. The aim of this study is to determine if the 3D motion capture of the face is compatible with these clinical criteria. A descriptive study using a 3-dimensional (3D) motion capture system were performed on healthy volunteers (n=30) age from 20 to 30 years. The motion capture system consists of 17 optoelectronic cameras at a frequency of 100Hz. We captured the movements of the face on healthy volunteers. We obtained absolute values: 3D coordinates and relative displacements. These data were free of manual measurements, and the use of 3D motion capture does not impede the facial movement. The average time of capture was less than 10 minutes. The measurements are painless for subjects. Data are collected in a computer and can be easily exported. These results show the feasibility of 3D motion capture of facial movement. The protocol used here could be standardized to be routinely relevant. lt was used in an experimental study to follow up recovery of a facial transplantation. This technique could help to overcome the uncertainty caused by subjective assessment and optimize therapeutic choices
Couland, Quentin. "Contribution à l'apprentissage humain de gestes à l'aide de techniques de clustering pour l’analyse de mouvements capturés." Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LEMA1011.
Full textThis PhD thesis lies at the crossroads of the Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) and human motion learning fields. A lot of TEL systems for motion learning already exist, and they are used in numerous application domains. While efficient in the task they were designed for, they are usually ad-hoc by design, focusing on a specific task and learning context. Reusing such systems in other learning contexts is impossible or requires a heavy re-engineering process. The design of TEL systems for motion learning, expandable beyond the task they were created for and needing a minimal amount of re-engineering, represents a challenge from which arise several technical issues and scientific questions. To tackle these challenges, the Motion Learning Analytics (MLA) system was developed. This system was tested on throwing motions through three different experimentations, designed to test four aspects of the system : (i) the possibility to achieve a good separation of the motions into multiple groups orresponding to different throwing strategies, (ii), the possibility to achieve a good separation corresponding to the degree of success of these motions, (iii), the integration of the expert's observations needs as criteria for the separation and evaluation of the learner's progression and (iv), an analysis on the ability of the system to provide an efficient and relevant assistance to the expert in order to improve the learner's gesture
Kribeche, Ali. "Détection et analyse des signaux ultrasonores d'un dispositif Doppler multi-capteurs pour le suivi de l'activité foetale." Tours, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR3303.
Full textThis study consists in processing the signals provided by 12 ultrasonic sensors placed on the maternal belly and connected to a multichannel pulsed Doppler unit. Each sensor detects the Doppler signals produced by moving fetal structures from 5 successive depths in the maternal uterus. This study consists in processing the signals provided by 12 ultrasonic sensors placed on the maternal belly and connected to a multichannel pulsed Doppler unit. Each sensor detects the Doppler signals produced by moving fetal structures from 5 successive depths in the maternal uterus. The principal objective of the project was to extract the parameters reflecting the fetal activity (fetal heart rate and pseudo respiratory, movements of the members and the trunk, response to stimuli. . . ) for the monitoring and the follow-up of the pregnancies. The largest part of work was then devoted to the development and to the validation of the signal processing strategies of the recorded data. These recordings allowed us to demonstrate the quality of the Doppler signals of fetal activity provided by the Actifoetus system, and to validate the use of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and of the Autocorrelation Function (ACF) to detect the cardiac activity and the movements of the fetus
Ropars, Mickaël. "Contribution clinique et biomécanique au diagnostic d’hyperlaxité de l’épaule." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20010.
Full textThe aim of this study was to give a new definition to shoulder hyperlaxity. This work was conduced with clinical, surgical andmotion capture experimentations. We first gave a definition of hyperlaxity, as described actually in the literature, and its link with shoulder instability and treatment. Chapter 1 described also motion capture technics used along this work. Then, several studies were proposed. Study n°2 was a surgical one, and tempted to correlate peroperative capsular laxity and hyperlaxity. Therafter, study n°3 looked for an optimized way to examine external rotation of the shoulder. Studies N° 4 and 5 used motion capture analysis to assess clinical shoulder examination patterns and global reachable shoulder space volume. This volume was finally correlated to shoulder sign of hyperlaxity in study n°6. The last chapter, « general conclusions and perspectives » gather together conclusions of each study and redefine hyperlaxity. Finally, we report our prospect, giving first results of an anatomical study exploring the volumetric definition of shoulder range of motion described previously
Pham, Tu-Hoa. "Contact force sensing from motion tracking." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT287/document.
Full textThe human sense of touch is of fundamental importance in the way we perceive our environment, move ourselves, and purposefully interact with other objects or beings. Thus, contact forces are informative on both the realized task and the underlying intent. However, monitoring them with force transducers is a costly, cumbersome and intrusive process. In this thesis, we investigate the capture of haptic information from motion tracking. This is a challenging problem, as a given motion can generally be caused by an infinity of possible force distributions in multi-contact. In such scenarios, physics-based optimization alone may only capture force distributions that are physically compatible with a given motion, rather than those really applied. In contrast, machine learning techniques for the black-box modelling of kinematically and dynamically complex structures are often prone to generalization issues. We propose a formulation of the force distribution problem utilizing both approaches jointly rather than separately. We thus capture the variability in the way humans instinctively regulate contact forces while also ensuring their compatibility with the observed motion. We present our approach on both manipulation and whole-body interaction with the environment. We consistently back our findings with ground-truth measurements and provide extensive datasets to encourage and serve as benchmarks for future research on this new topic
Dagnes, Nicole. "3D human face analysis for recognition applications and motion capture." Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2542.
Full textThis thesis is intended as a geometrical study of the three-dimensional facial surface, whose aim is to provide an application framework of entities coming from Differential Geometry context to use as facial descriptors in face analysis applications, like FR and FER fields. Indeed, although every visage is unique, all faces are similar and their morphological features are the same for all mankind. Hence, it is primary for face analysis to extract suitable features. All the facial features, proposed in this study, are based only on the geometrical properties of the facial surface. Then, these geometrical descriptors and the related entities proposed have been applied in the description of facial surface in pattern recognition contexts. Indeed, the final goal of this research is to prove that Differential Geometry is a comprehensive tool oriented to face analysis and geometrical features are suitable to describe and compare faces and, generally, to extract relevant information for human face analysis in different practical application fields. Finally, since in the last decades face analysis has gained great attention also for clinical application, this work focuses on musculoskeletal disorders analysis by proposing an objective quantification of facial movements for helping maxillofacial surgery and facial motion rehabilitation. At this time, different methods are employed for evaluating facial muscles function. This research work investigates the 3D motion capture system, adopting the Technology, Sport and Health platform, located in the Innovation Centre of the University of Technology of Compiègne, in the Biomechanics and Bioengineering Laboratory (BMBI)
Fernandez-Abrevaya, Victoria. "Apprentissage à grande échelle de modèles de formes et de mouvements pour le visage 3D." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://theses.hal.science/tel-03151303.
Full textData-driven models of the 3D face are a promising direction for capturing the subtle complexities of the human face, and a central component to numerous applications thanks to their ability to simplify complex tasks. Most data-driven approaches to date were built from either a relatively limited number of samples or by synthetic data augmentation, mainly because of the difficulty in obtaining large-scale and accurate 3D scans of the face. Yet, there is a substantial amount of information that can be gathered when considering publicly available sources that have been captured over the last decade, whose combination can potentially bring forward more powerful models.This thesis proposes novel methods for building data-driven models of the 3D face geometry, and investigates whether improved performances can be obtained by learning from large and varied datasets of 3D facial scans. In order to make efficient use of a large number of training samples we develop novel deep learning techniques designed to effectively handle three-dimensional face data. We focus on several aspects that influence the geometry of the face: its shape components including fine details, its motion components such as expression, and the interaction between these two subspaces.We develop in particular two approaches for building generative models that decouple the latent space according to natural sources of variation, e.g.identity and expression. The first approach considers a novel deep autoencoder architecture that allows to learn a multilinear model without requiring the training data to be assembled as a complete tensor. We next propose a novel non-linear model based on adversarial training that further improves the decoupling capacity. This is enabled by a new 3D-2D architecture combining a 3D generator with a 2D discriminator, where both domains are bridged by a geometry mapping layer.As a necessary prerequisite for building data-driven models, we also address the problem of registering a large number of 3D facial scans in motion. We propose an approach that can efficiently and automatically handle a variety of sequences while making minimal assumptions on the input data. This is achieved by the use of a spatiotemporal model as well as a regression-based initialization, and we show that we can obtain accurate registrations in an efficient and scalable manner.Finally, we address the problem of recovering surface normals from natural images, with the goal of enriching existing coarse 3D reconstructions. We propose a method that can leverage all available image and normal data, whether paired or not, thanks to a new cross-modal learning architecture. Core to our approach is a novel module that we call deactivable skip connections, which allows to transfer the local details from the image to the output surface without hurting the performance when autoencoding modalities, achieving state-of-the-art results for the task
Maurice, Pauline. "Virtual ergonomics for the design of collaborative robots." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066121/document.
Full textThe growing number of musculoskeletal disorders in industry could be addressed by the use of collaborative robots, which allow the joint manipulation of objects by both a robot and a person. Designing such robots requires to assess the ergonomic benefit they offer. However there is a lack of adapted assessment tools. This work presents a generic tool for performing accurate ergonomic assessments of co-manipulation activities, with very little input data. This tool relies on an evaluation carried out within a digital world, using a virtual manikin to simulate the worker. A framework is developed to enable the estimation of the different biomechanical solicitations which occur during manual activities. Multiple ergonomic indicators are defined and measured through a dynamic simulation of the considered activity. The virtual manikin is animated through a LQP optimization technique, and the robot is controlled according to the manikin-robot interaction force. The proposed framework is validated with motion capture experiments. However, the high number of indicators that are measured makes any kind of conclusion difficult for the user. Hence, a methodology for analyzing the sensitivity of the various indicators to the robot and task parameters is proposed. The goal of such an analysis is to reduce the number of ergonomic indicators which are considered in an evaluation, while sufficiently accounting for the global ergonomic level of the considered activity. Finally, an application of the proposed methodology is presented. The evaluation framework is linked to a genetic algorithm software in order to optimize the morphology of a collaborative robot for a given task
Ronfard, Remi. "Analyse automatique de film - Des séquences d'images aux séquences d'actions." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Grenoble, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450230.
Full textRobinault, Lucien. "Non-specific Low back pain : Exploratory analysis and clustering for a new paradigm." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPHF0007.
Full textNon-specific low back pain (NSLBP) is a major public health issue and is a concern in most if not all contemporary societies. Despite NSLBP being so widespread, our understanding of its underlying causes, as well as our capacity to provide effective treatments, remains limited due to the high diversity in the population that does not respond to generic treatments. Clustering the NSLBP population based on shared characteristics offers a potential solution for developing personalized interventions. However, the complexity of NSLBP and the reliance on subjective categorical data in previous attempts present challenges in achieving reliable and clinically meaningful clusters. This work features to goals : 1. First objective : Provide an exploratory work to better understand the influence and importance of the selected variables in regards to NSLBP and our sample population, and gather information to prepare subgrouping2. Second objective : Provide an attempt at clustering our population sample in order to discriminate valuables subgroups Data were acquired from 46 subjects who performed six simple movement tasks (back extension, back flexion, lateral trunk flexion right, lateral trunk flexion left, trunk rotation right, and trunk rotation left) at two different s peeds (maximum and preferred). High-density electromyography (HD EMG) data from the lower back region were acquired, jointly with motion capture data, using passive reflective markers on the subject’s body and clusters of markers on the subject’s spine. An exploratory analysis was conducted using a deep neural network and factor analysis. Based on selected variables, various models were trained to classify individuals as healthy or having NSLBP in order to assess the importance of different variables. The models were trained using different set of data : full data set, anthropometric data set, biomechanical data set, neuromuscular data set, and balance and proprioception data set. The models achieved high accuracy in categorizing individuals as healthy or NSLBP. Factor analysis revealed that individuals with NSLBP exhibited different movement patterns to healthy individuals, characterized by slower and more rigid movements. Anthropometric variables (age, sex, and BMI) were significantly correlated with NSLBP components. Clustering was attempted on our full data set, and reduced data set, using PCA or the insights gather in the exploratory analysis part. The data set were either movement agnostic or movement specific. Results s howed v iable c lustering using spectral algorithm, with the RBF kernel and the discretize label assignment’s algorithm, expressing a spectrum of low back pain as did similar work before. The data set used was the full data set with spine cluster of marker data, after dimension reduction using principal component analysis. In conclusion, different data types, such as body measurements, movement patterns, and neuromuscular activity, can provide valuable information for identifying individuals with NSLBP. To gain a comprehensive understanding of NSLBP, it is crucial to investigate the main domains influencing its prognosis as a cohesive unit rather than studying them in isolation. Simplifying the conditions for acquiring dynamic data is recommended to reduce data complexity, and using back flexion and trunk rotation as effective options should be further explored. The importance and probable usefulness of meta data, such as anthropometric data for the biophysical domain, was also noted. In the light of those results, we formulated the following new paradigm hypothesis : low back pain yields adaptations common to every subject, but due to inter-subject differences in the 5 main domains known to have a major influence on low back pain prognosis (biophysical, comorbidities, social, psychological and genetic) those adaptations are expressed in very unique way for each subject
Jaisson, Maxime. "Pathologies fonctionnelles mandibulaires, de l'outil numérique à la recherche applicative." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMS037.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis was to use numerical engineering softwares in the framework of medical applications whose purpose was to understand the pathogenesis functional disorders, and to develop new therapeutic techniques (orofacial sphere). At first, finite elements tools based on rheological data has been used to understand the problem of TMJ. Numerical results associated with motion capture of the mandible have a better understanding the mandibular mechanical aspects. Moreover, in a second step, the CAD tools implemented to assist the preparation of the maxillofacial surgery. This new approach allowed a new methodology surgery interrupter tumors improving (i) controling the esthetic result, (ii) reducing the operating time and (iii) respecting a good TMJ congruence
Malaisé, Adrien. "Apprentissage du mouvement humain à l'aide de capteurs portés : vers l'automatisation de l'évaluation ergonomique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0055.
Full textMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a major health issue in modern society, with almost half of workers in industry affected. These disorders are due to postures deemed to be at risk, such as overhead work or working with the torso bent, the weight of the carried loads, or the repetitiveness of the tasks. It is therefore necessary to find solutions to reduce the risk of MSD by limiting dangerous movements and postures, and thus improving the ergonomics of workstations. We propose in this study tools to move towards this improvement. The objective is to automate the evaluation of ergonomics, using machine learning algorithms. To do this, we collect databases of the whole human body movement inspired by activities from industrial environment. With these data, we propose a supervised learning method based on Hidden Markov Models to recognize postures and actions of a user. Then we propose metrics to automatically evaluate ergonomics and a method to compress the movement data. This is a brick to go towards the prediction of ergonomics. Finally, we present modalities to allow an operator to be warned in real time if he performs a risky movement. With all these tools, the final goal is to predict in real time the ergonomics of a user in order to warn him before risking to be injured. Thus he can correct his movement
Lemercier, Samuel. "Simulation du comportement de suivi dans une foule de piétons à travers l'expérience, l'analyse et la modélisation." Phd thesis, Rennes 1, 2012. https://ecm.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/03ce7038-80f3-4c57-bf93-47adc49be8fd.
Full textRealistic crowd simulation is an open and challenging problem due to the high quantity of information that is taken into account by a human to determine his walking trajectory. In this thesis, we aim at modeling and simulating the following interactions between individuals moving in crowds. We propose an approach in three major steps. Firstly, we build up a kinematic database to observe following behaviors during pedestrian groups movement from an original experimental process using motion capture. Acquired data treatment requires to develop a specific reconstruction method of the raw data. The obtained database is our first result. Secondly, we propose a detailed analysis of these data. We highlight both the nature of the local interactions between participants and the global patterns that emerge from the combination of these interactions, in particular, the formation of propagating speed waves. This analysis is our second major result and leads up to our third and last result : a numerical model of following behavior between pedestrians calibrated on our experimental data. Simulation results are evaluated on their capacity to reproduce the macroscopic patterns we have observed and analyzed. We finally show different applications of our model
Lemercier, Samuel. "Simulation du comportement de suivi dans une foule de piétons à travers l'expérience, l'analyse et la modélisation." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724072.
Full textMeary, David. "Perception visuelle des mouvements humains : analyse comportementale, neuroimagerie et neuropathologie." Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE29019.
Full textPettré, Julien. "Planification de mouvements de marche pour acteurs digitaux." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30200.
Full textComte, Nicolas. "Apprentissage des formes de scoliose à l'aide de modèles anatomiques et de la capture de mouvement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALM068.
Full textAs scoliosis is a complex medical condition affecting different parts of the human body, this manuscript will start with anatomical definitions of the spine and an introduction of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in a dedicated chapter. Next, we will outline the existing methodologies and state-of-the-art approaches that allow for a comprehensive characterization of this condition and its early detection. Then, we will present our contributions and how they address the current challenges.By covering different kind of approaches in this thesis, we can facilitate the dissertation by categorizing them into two distinct types:The first is the static method of examination from medical images. We will point out the current limitations and challenges in the characterization of the spinal alignments using X-ray radiographs. A particular emphasis will be placed on the quantification of the 3D deformities from non-ionizing methods by the external analysis of the torso using machine-learning methods. We will make a review of the literature before a presentation of our contribution that allow a 3D characterization of the full thoracolumbar spine while proposing an accessible, non-ionising examination method.The second type of approach is dynamic, mainly based on motion capture analysis. We will present the different biomarkers that are usually tracked during the acquisitions and show the different methods presented in the literature with their limitations. Then, we will present our approach to address the current challenges in the dynamic characterization of scoliosis with motion capture analysis by leveraging subject-specific kinematic models
Nez, Alexis. "Mesure inertielle pour l'analyse du mouvement humain. Optimisation des méthodologies de traitement et de fusion des données capteur, intégration anatomique." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2273/document.
Full textTo face the limits of optoelectronic systems (heavy device, restricted measurement field), inertial sensors are a promising alternative for human motion analysis. Thanks to the latest technical advancements like sensor miniaturization, they can now work autonomously which makes possible to directly embed them on the human segments. But, as a counterpart of these developments, inertial sensor measurement still suffers from both stochastic and deterministic perturbations. The induced errors then propagate over the so-called fusion algorithm used to estimate human segment orientation. A common tool to perform such an operation is the Kalman filter that estimates unknown variables by correcting noisy measurements by the use of a dynamic model.With the aim of achieving a sufficiently accurate measurement to perform human motion analysis, various methodologies are proposed in the present work. The first part of this thesis focuses on the sensors. First, inertial sensor noises are studied and modeled in order to be integrated into the Kalman filter. Calibration processes as their effects over the measurement are for that purposed analyzed. Some recommendations are thus proposed to reach a compromise between calibration performance and complexity.In a second part, the data fusion algorithm is approached. A specific Kalman filter dedicated to human motion measurement is first proposed. Then, a recurrent problem is studied in details: the definition of the covariance matrix that represents a globalcharacterization of the measurement errors. Considering an optoelectronic system as a reference to compare inertial measurement, a method is proposed for this covariance matrix identification, which also highlights the need to address this problem rigorously.In a third part, we begin to address the use of inertial sensors for human motion analysis by focusing on models and IMU-to-segment calibration.To conclude, the benefits made by the proposed methodologies are evaluated and discussed
Brûlé, Elodie. "L' impact institutionnel d'un mouvement social : Analyse des évènements médiatiques menés par les organisations anti - OGM." Paris 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA020042.
Full textKihl, Olivier. "Modélisations polynomiales hiérarchisées applications à l'analyse de mouvements complexes." Poitiers, 2012. http://theses.univ-poitiers.fr/25242/2012-Kihl-Olivier-These.pdf.
Full textIn this PhD thesis, we suggest a method which models every kind of movement with orthogonal polynomials basis. The main goal is to propose a hierarchical modeling of vector fields suitable for all types of fields. We study different space partitioning methods, including regular grids, quadtree and Voronoi diagrams, in order to take into account the local complexity of the field in order to refine modeling. We obtain qualitative results showing the benefit of this method. In addition, we propose a procedure for generating polynomial bases to model sparse fields. We apply this modeling approach in two contexts. The detection of singular points in the motion fields and the recognition of human movements. Both applications allow us to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method, since we obtain similar results to the most effective methods of literature
Gribinski, Jean-François. "La contestation anti-missiles des années quatre-vingt : une contestation pacifiste? : analyse et description d'un mouvement social." Paris 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA020126.
Full textFollowing the nato dual track, the antimissile protest in the 80s has inaugurated one of the largest popular mobilization since the second world war. To call this movement "pacifist" - as a large majority of observers have done - wasn't it, "at best", a simplification, and, at worse an intention to discredit the pacifists, regarding the fact that there is usually a pejorativ accaptance of this word ? Beyond this semantic aspect, would such a mobilization be justified and explained by a modernization that would not basically differ from others, that in their times went unnoticed ? Behind this apparent issue, didn't the pacifists raise other questions related to certain insolved contradictions of our advanced industrial society ? At the end, wasn't the emergence of a new social movement that would bear some of the large question at stake ? This research shows the inadequacy of the concept "pacifism" to clarify the causes of the contestation. At first because the deep motivations of the activists seem to be beyond the paradigm of war and peace. The sociological approach seems to be of a greater interest : it contributes particularly to bring out the following idea : the antimissile contestation of the 80s would prefigurate the emergence of a "popular consciouness" wich role would be to
Crouzil, Alain. "Perception du relief et du mouvement par analyse d'une séquence stéréoscopique d'images." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30228.
Full textMostafaoui, Ghilès. "Détection de mouvements et suivi de personnes dans les séquences d'images couleurs." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066446.
Full textThomas, Edwige. "Conception et instrumentation du pied d'un robot bipède anthropomorphe." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2278.
Full textFleuriet, Jérome. "Capture fovéale d'une cible visuelle en mouvement : Approche neurophysiologique chez le singe." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20717.
Full textIntercepting a visual moving target is a spatiotemporal challenge for the brain achieved by various species. Here, we investigated the foveal capture of a moving target by saccadic gaze shifts in the awake monkey. The current theory proposes that the saccadic interception involves two neural pathways. A first pathway would convey to the saccade burst generator a sampled target position signal through the superior colliculus (SC). The second one, through the cerebellum, would convey an additional command on the basis of motion-related signals. A behavioral experiment was performed to analyze the influence of motion-related signals on the saccade dynamics and allowed showing a continuous influence. In a second study, we tested the robustness of the oculomotor system to an unexpected spatiotemporal perturbation (by electrical microstimulation in the deep SC) and showed the presence of accurate correction saccades. Our results argue for a continuous representation of the saccade goal
Mohadjer, Siavoche. "Myotest : système actif informatisé de mesures isocinétiques : validation en médecine orthopédique et sportive." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1T027.
Full textVeit, Thomas Cao Frédéric. "Détection et analyse de mouvements dans des séquences d'images par une approche probabiliste a contrario." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2005/veit.pdf.
Full textBen, Ramdane Salem. "Analyse du champ de pression pariétale des surfaces portantes en mouvements instationnaires forcés par décomposition modale empirique." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2117.
Full textThis work is conducted in the insight of the interest given to unsteady hydrodynamics of moving lifting bodies. We analyse the transient motion of a hydrofoil in a hydrodynamic water tunnel. Focus is given to the Parietal pressure field which constitutes the basis of hydrodynamic load on the hydrofoil. Experiments are carried at high Reynolds number where different phenomena are observed during the transient pitching motion of the hydrofoil. Pressure measurements on the hydrofoil' suction side reveals inception of phenomena such as laminar separation bubble, transition to turbulence and a separation bubble near the leading edge before stall occurs. Pressure signals are processed using a newly introduced method in signal processing. This latter, is suitable for non-stationary, non-linear signals processing. Differents approaches are proposed for signals decomposition and reconstruction. A time-frequency analysis is also conducted on the signals at the regions of interest to instabilities occuring at laminar separation bubble onset as well as leading edge separation
Fontmarty, Mathias. "Vision et filtrage particulaire pour le suivi tridimensionnel de mouvements humains: applications à la robotique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00400305.
Full textRea, Rodriguez Carlos Rafael. "Action collective et identité : analyse du mouvement El Barzón (Mexique)." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0100.
Full textEl Barzón is a collective action organized in 1993 in Mexico, it is composed by bank debtors and/or speculators who fell into serious debt the hypotheses that we have attempted to confirm in this thesis are a) the social movement is actually present as a significant ingredient in the barzonisme, particularly between 1995 and 1996 where debtors favoured legal fighting, and less clearly, during the 2002-2003 peasant mobilization through its anti-productivist position and in favor of fair trade; b) the barzonisme is a collective action that expresses the transition of an industrial society a}id that of a national-popular model of development towards a post-industrial society type within a a historical action system of liberal type (post national-popular) and within a global-market oriented model of development, thus, the barzonisme is a bridge-actor between two historical periods, among which -the most recent-bas yet to reveal and provide further details on what is at stake, at the same time, because of its characteristics, it is about a bridge-actor between the producer's interests and those of the consumers, between the rural domain and the urban domain, between struggles of class and citizen nature; c) on the other hand, in the history of El Barzón there is an identity configuration within the collective action and because of its composition, its structure and its mechanism this configuration often contains postconventional characteristics
Thevenon, Jean-Bernard. "Le problème de la planification de mouvements en robotique mobile : analyse du problème, synthèse et développement d'un planificateur mixte." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20114.
Full textVeit, Thomas. "Détection et analyse de mouvements dans des séquences d'images par une approche probabiliste a contrario." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S096.
Full textToulminet, Gwenaëlle. "Extraction des contours 3D des obstacles par stéréovision pour l'aide à la conduite automobile." INSA de Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAM0011.
Full textBoucher, Christophe. "Contribution à la fusion d'informations par filtrage non-linéaire : application à l'estimation de la structure et du mouvement 3D dans un contexte multi-capteurs." Littoral, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DUNKA001.
Full textThis thesis deals with non-linear filtering for data fusion. One tries to identify the motion and structure of 3D objects viewed by a multisensory system. The dynamics is described by an affine model whose parameters are unknown and the used feature is the line segment. One estimated first the characteristics of the structure and motion from 2D projected data of the scene. The use of Plücker’s reprensentation allowed to recover the whished information from monocular image sequences and the knowledge of the 3D object motion. The use of an active sensor leads to an increase of the system observability. The joint estimation of the 3Dstructure and motion is done using an unique filter which fuses information from sensors to track the 2D features in the image sequences and estimate the positions and motion of the 3D object. The solution lies on a centralized Extended Kalman filter. This method was applied successfully on simulated and real data. Interest lies especially in its independence to the kind of sensor and its capacity to manage a system composed by different sensors. Finally, to avoid the intrinsic drawbacks of Extended Kalman filtering, a first study is led on the contribution of the particle filtering to this non-linear estimation problem
Peckel, Mathieu. "Le lien réciproque entre musique et mouvement étudié à travers les mouvements induits par la musique." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOL025/document.
Full textMusic and movement are inseparable. The movements that are spontaneously procuded when listening to music are thought to be related to the close relationship between the perceptual and motor system in listeners. This particular link is the main topic of this thesis. A first approach was focused on the impact of music-induced movements on music cognition. In two studies, we show that moving along to music neither enhances the retention of new musical pieces (Study 1) nor the retention of the contextual information related to their encoding (Study 2). These results suggest a shallow processing inherent to the expression of musical affordances required for the production of music-induced movements in the motor task. Moreover, they suggest that music is automatically processed in a motoric fashion independantly of the task. Our results also brought forward the importance of the musical groove. A second approach focused on the influence of the perception of musical rhythms on the production of rythmic movements. Our third study tested the hypothesis that different limbs would be differentially influenced depending on the musical tempo. Results show that the tapping taks was the most influenced by the perception of musical rhythms. We argued that this would come from the similar nature of the musical pulse and the timing mecanisms involved in the tapping task and motor resonance phenomena. We also observed different strategies put in place to cope with the task. All these results are discussed in light of the link between perception and action, embodied musical cognition and musical affordances
Benchiheub, Mohamed-El-Fatah. "Contribution à l'analyse des mouvements 3D de la Langue des Signes Française (LSF) en Action et en Perception." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS559/document.
Full textNowadays, Sign Language (SL) is still little described, particularly for what concerns the movement of articulators. Research on SL has focused on understanding and modeling linguistic properties. Few investigations have been carried out to understand the kinematics and dynamics of the movement itself and what it brings to understand the LS SL generated by models. This thesis deals with the analysis of movement in the French Sign Language LSF with a main focus on its production as well as its understanding by deaf people.Better understanding the movement in SL requires the creation of new resources for the scientific community studying SL. In this framework, we have created and annotated a corpus of 3D motion data from the upper body and face, using a motion capture system. The processing of this corpus made it possible to specify the kinematics of the movement in SL during the signs and the transitions.The first contribution of this thesis was to quantify to what extent certain classical laws, known in motor control, remained valid during the movements of SL, in order to know if the knowledge acquired in motor control could be exploited in SL.Finding relevant information of the movement that is crucial for understanding SL represented the second part of this thesis. We were basically interested to know which aspects of the movement of SL production models should be replicated as a priority. In this approach, we have examined to what extent deaf individuals, whether signers or not, were able to understand SL according to the amount of information available to them
Bouvel, Simon. "Méthodes expérimentales et fusion de données imagerie-cinématique pour la modélisation du mouvement pathologique de l'épaule." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066184/document.
Full textThis work takes place in the context of shoulder complex motion measurement in biomechanics. We present the technologies and methods that apply to this problem, and the associated obstacles (particularly the skin tissue deformation), in order to justify our choice of performing data fusion between measurements where the subjects remain still, and other where they are in motion. We suggest to perform this data fusion through spatial interpolation of reference frames from scattered data, specifically with the natural neighbors algorithm, that has been adapted to the framework of this study. A series of experimentations with a manipulator robot has been performed in order to assess the feasibility of the developed method, the robot giving access to ground truth that would be unavailable with human experimentations. The results we obtained encouraged us to pursue the study with human experimentations. These experimentation have been performed using an optoelectronic motion capture technology. The data gathered while subjects remained still, and the one acquired with the subjects in motion allowed us, through natural neighbor’s interpolation, to estimation the motion of the scapula relative to the thorax, for abduction, flexion, and scapular plane elevation movements. The results we obtained were similar to the ones found in the literature, encouraging on the one hand the method we developed, and on the other hand the spatial interpolation approach for bone motion measurement in biomechanics, compensating the skin tissue artefact
Fontmarty, Mathias. "Vision et filtrage particulaire pour le suivi tridimensionnel de mouvement humain : applications à la robotique." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU30162.
Full textA great robotic challenge today is the one of the personal robot. While moving in real environments, the robot must take into account the human presence in its neighborhood in order to avoid them or to facilitate their moves. However, for an active interaction, the robot must also be able to perceive their pose or their moves. To this end, we are willing to set up a human motion tracking system from embedded cameras on the robot. A rough 3D representation of the human body is proposed taking into account biomecanics and anthropomorphic constraints. The model projection is then fitted to the images by exploiting various 2D visual cues (edges, colors, motion) and 3D sparse reconstruction of the scene. In order to estimate the 3D configuration parameters, we use the well-known particle flters. Evolutions are considered in order to efficiently tackle the problem by satisfying strong temporal constraints due to the final application. To address issues step by step, two different contexts are proposed. The first one (ubiquist robotics) operate with fixed ambiance cameras proposing various and complementary view points. The second one (mobile robotics) exploits a stereo camera embedded on the robot
Combettes, Christophe. "Estimation de la direction de marche à partir de capteurs inertiels et magnétiques portés dans la main." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4014/document.
Full textThanks to new technological developments, it is now possible to get our localization with our own smartphone. However, indoor environments are still relatively lacking in localization based service. MEMS sensors, composed of inertial and magnetic sensors, offer a ubiquitous solution. These sensors can be merged with other technologies to give a reliable solution for the Pedestrian Navigation. In this context the “Pedestrian Dead Reckoning” strategy is attractive. Indeed, this strategy enables to estimate the walking distance with a limited drift. But the walking direction estimation remains critical in the PDR strategy. Hand movements are relatively erratic and cause a dynamic angular misalignment, which is difficult to estimate. Firstly, a new orientation estimation algorithm of the handheld unit is developed to reduce the errors in the horizontal inertial measurements. The filter is parametrized with quaternions and based on opportune invariant phases of the magnetic and gravity fields. Secondly, a novel walking direction estimator is proposed. State of the art methods to estimate the walking direction are based on the signal energy maximization and are sensitive to erratic hand movements. The new approach is based on the theories of probability and information that is built on the biomechanical description of walking. Experimental validations are conducted to analyze the performance of the new direction estimation filter whose quality directly depends on the quality of the position estimates
Marécot, James. "Définition de contenus d'un enseignement interdisciplinaire mécanique-éducation physique et sportive : contribution à l'élaboration d'un CD ROM : "la science des mouvements humains"." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2252.
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