Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analyse du fond inélastique'
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Zborowski, Charlotte. "Characterization of deeply buried interfaces by Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC025/document.
This thesis aims at improving the inelastic background analysis method in order to apply it to technologically relevant samples. Actually, these improvements are utterly needed as they concern criteria of accuracy and time saving particularly for analysis of devices presenting deeply buried layers with different materials. For this purpose, the interest of the inelastic background analysis method is at its best when combined with hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) because HAXPES allows to probe deeper in the sample than with conventional X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The present work deals with technologically relevant samples, mainly the high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT), at some crucial steps of their fabrication process as annealing. Actually, it is very important that these analyses shall be performed non-destructively in order to preserve the buried interfaces. These are often the location of complex phenomena that are critical for device performances and a better understanding is often a prerequisite for any improvement. In this thesis, the in-depth diffusion phenomena are studied with the inelastic background analysis technique (using the QUASES software) combined with HAXPES for depth up to 60 nm. The depth distribution results are determined with deviations from TEM measurements smaller than a typical value of 5%. The choice of the input parameters of the method is discussed over a large range of samples and simple rules are derived which make the actual analysis easier and faster to perform. Finally, it was shown that spectromicroscopy obtained with the HAXPEEM technique can provide spectra at each pixel usable for inelastic background analysis. This is a proof of principle that it can provide a 3D mapping of the elemental depth distribution with a nondestructive method
Denne afhandling har til formål at forbedre den uelastiske baggrundsanalysemetode til anvendelser i den til teknologiske industri. Faktisk er disse forbedringer absolut nødvendige, for at opnå nøjagtighed og tidsbesparelse, især for analyse af prøver med dybt begravede lag af forskellige materialer. Til det formål er interessen for den uelastiske baggrundsanalysemetode bedst i kombination med hård røntgenfotoelektron-spektroskopi (HAXPES), fordi HAXPES gør det muligt at probe dybere i prøven end med konventionel røntgenfotoelektron-spektroskopi (XPS). Dette arbejde beskæftiger sig med teknologisk relevante prøver, hovedsagelig høj-elektron mobilitetstransistor (HEMT), på nogle afgørende trin i deres fremstillingsproces som fx annealing. Faktisk er det meget vigtigt, at disse analyser udføres på en ikke-destruktiv måde for at bevare de begravede grænseflader. Det er ofte her de komplekse fysiske fænomener opstår, som er kritiske for fuktionaliteten, og en bedre forståelse af grænsefladerne er ofte en forudsætning for at kunne forbedre denne. I denne afhandling studeres de dybdegående diffusionsfænomener med den uelastiske baggrundsanalyse teknik (ved hjælp af QUASES software) kombineret med HAXPES for dybder op til 60 nm. Dybdestributionsresultaterne har afvigelser fra TEM-målinger mindre end en typisk værdi på 5%. Valget af input parametre for metoden er diskuteret på bagground af et stort udvalg af prøver samt omfattende simuleringer og enkle regler er udledt, hvilket gør den praktiske analyse nemmere og hurtigere at udføre. Endelig blev det vist, at spektromikroskopi opnået med HAXPEEM-teknikken kan tilvejebringe spektre ved hver enkelt pixel som kan anvendes til uelastisk baggrundsanalyse. Dette viser at i princippet kan en 3D-billeddannelse af den elementære dybdefordeling bestemmes ikke destruktivt
Patanchon, Guillaume. "Analyse multi-composantes d'observations du fond diffus cosmologique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004512.
Douspis, Marian. "Analyse statistique des anisotropies du fond diffus cosmologique." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30185.
Cignetti, Fabien. "Analyse dynamique de la locomotion ski de fond." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAMS051.
The aim of our study was to identify the principles on which the motor acts of the cross-country skier are organized using the Dynamic Systems Theory (DST). It appears that a self-sustained oscillator reproduce with adequacy the rhythmic movements of the limbs, indicating a preferential limit-cycle organization of the neuromuscular system. The model adaptations observed with the fatigue constraint indicate that the nature of the attractor remains unchanged and that only its shape is modified, so that the asymptotic limit-cycle behaviour of the limbs become more harmonic. However, the deterministic nature of inter-cycle variability revealed in the limb movements of the skier suggests that a strange attractor will have to be considered in future works. Our study also highlights that only few modes of coordination emerged between the limbs of the skier, characterized by low integer frequency ratios (i. E. , 1:1 and 2:1) and relative phase values close to 0° and 180° (i. E. , patterns more or less in phase and out of phase). Moreover, the increase of the slope constraint conducts to sudden switches between these preferential modes and a loss of coordination stability is observed at their occurrences. Accordingly, changes in the coordination of the skier take the form of bifurcations between the attractors of the coordination dynamics. In sum, the properties as attractor, bifurcation and loss of stability identified in our study favour strongly for a self-organization of the motor acts in cross-country skiing. More, the behavioural adaptations observed in the limb movements of the skier with fatigue prove the relevance of the DST for the interpretation of some biological processes
Bure, Taylor Rose. "Inelastic background analysis from lab-based HAXPES spectra for critical interfaces in nano-electronics." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UCFA0125.
This work uses lab-scale hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) in the perspective of inelastic background analysis (IBA) for applications in the metrology field in order to provide thickness measurements of technologically relevant materials in memory and power devices. We seek to meet the need for a method adapted for inline processes and routine analysis. The samples presented in this work were fabricated by pre-industrial processes and are representative of real device technology with concerns like complex interdiffusion properties and deeply buried active layers and interfaces. In this work, we evaluate the HAXPES-IBA technique executed with QUASES software by studying the free parameters, the operator contributions, and uncertainty in the depth distribution. We present a self-contained analysis by accessing high energy photoelectron spectra of elements from each sample layer recorded with a novel lab-scale HAXPES instrument (PHI Quantes) fitted with a Cr Kα photon source (hv = 5414.72 eV). First, highly controlled reference samples of known thicknesses (Al2O3 and HfO2 thin films) were studied to confirm the accuracy of the IBA method through validation against highly quantitative reference techniques. HAXPES-IBA thickness determinations of bilayer samples with a thick overlayer up to 25 nm and a buried layer of approximately 2.5 nm were found to be in excellent agreement with results from X-ray reflectivity (XRR) with fitting uncertainty of the IBA solution in the sub-nanometer range. The need to select the appropriate HAXPES excitation energy depending on total film thickness was demonstrated thanks to complimentary HAXPES measurements recorded with Ga Kα radiation (hv = 9251.74 eV). Finally, we apply the method to realistic technological samples. In the first study, we present thickness results from a sample class of Al2O3 films deposited over GaN by atomic layer deposition (ALD), representative of a recessed gate MOS channel High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT). Quantitative secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements compliment the IBA technique by confirming need for reference spectrum. In the second study, the HAXPES-IBA method is combined with ion sputtering to confirm the Ti/TiN overlayer thickness in a Ti/HfO2-based structure used for oxide resistive random access memory (OxRRAM) technology. We provide a critical summary of advances to reach for an accurate and reliable HAXPES-IBA method fully-integrated into inline process control
Tristram, Matthieu. "De Archeops à Planck : analyse des anisotropies du fond diffus cosmologique." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011003.
Après une description générale du modèle standard en cosmologie et de la physique du CMB, cette thèse aborde plus particulièrement le mécanisme de "reheating" qui, à la fin de l'inflation, permet le réchauffement de l'Univers et la formation de la matière.
La suite de ce travail présente les expériences Archeops et Planck et l'analyse de leurs données. Dans ce cadre, j'ai développé plusieurs méthodes permettant l'étude des signaux des rayons cosmiques, la mesure des temps de réponse des bolomètres ainsi que la prise en compte de l'asymétrie des lobes optiques.
L'étude des anisotropies passe par l'estimation des spectres de puissance en température et polarisation. Je présente une méthode rapide et non-biaisée donnant également une estimation analytique précise des barres d'erreur sans avoir recours aux simulations Monte-Carlo. Cette méthode a fourni la dernière estimation du spectre de puissance d'Archeops.
Enfin, la dernière partie traite de l'implication des résultats d'Archeops pour WMAP et Planck. Une analyse jointe Archeops-WMAP montre la cohérence des mesures CMB sur une large gamme de fréquences et la détection de l'effet Sunyaev-Zel'dovich. Par ailleurs, l'extrapolation des spectres polarisés des avant-plans galactiques mesurés par Archeops sert de référence pour Planck.
Grausem, Jérôme. "Analyse du champ proche optique inélastique : réalisation et applications d'une nanosonde pour la spectrométrie Raman." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10290.
Castonguay, Charles. "Analyse et quantification de la performance en ski de fond avec GPS." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26658.
Delabrouille, Jacques. "Modelisation et analyse de mesures des anisotropies du fond de rayonnement cosmologique." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112232.
Rakotomalala-Randrianarisoa, Vaoariniaina Vénérée. "Reconstruction bidimensionnelle de vaisseaux rétiniens par analyse d'images couleur de fond d'oeil." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-359.pdf.
Betoule, Marc. "Analyse des données du fond diffus cosmologique : simulation et séparation de composantes." Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462157.
Betoule, Marc. "Analyse des données du fond diffus cosmologique : simulation et séparation de composantes." Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2009. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00462157v2.
The next generation of experiments dedicated to measuring temperature and polarization anisotropies of the microwave background radiation (CMB), inaugurated with the launch of the Planck satellite, will enable the detection and study of increasingly subtle effects. However, the superposition of astrophysical foreground emissions hinder the analysis of the cosmological signal and will contribute as the main source of uncertainty in the forthcoming measurements. An improved modeling of foreground emissions and the development of statistical methods to extract the cosmological information from this contamination are thus crucial steps in the scientific analysis of incoming datasets. In this work we describe the development of the Planck Sky Model, a tool for modeling and simulating the sky emission. We then make use of these simulations to develop and evaluate statistical treatments of foreground emission. We explore the efficiency of wavelet analysis on the sphere (needlets) in the domain of spectral estimation on incomplete data with inhomogeneous contamination, and design a method for treating small scales contamination induced by point sources in the Planck and WMAP data. We also study the impact of foregrounds on our ability to detect primordial gravitational waves (predicted by inflation) and offer forecasts of the performance of future dedicated experiments
Amblard, Alexandre. "Analyse des anisotropies du fond diffus cosmologique dans le cadre de l'expérience ARCHEOPS." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001684.
Guilloux, Frédéric. "Analyse harmonique et Estimation spectrale sur la Sphère.Applications à l'étude du Fond diffus cosmologique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347673.
La localisation des needlets (récente construction d'ondelettes) sur la sphère est étudiée et optimisée en terme de concentration spatiale et d'estimation statistique. Ces fonctions sont ensuite utilisées pour construire un nouvel estimateur du spectre de puissance angulaire. L'examen des propriété de cet estimateur, d'un point de vue théorique (dans l'asymptotique des hautes fréquences angulaires) et pratique, montre qu'il améliore les méthodes existantes dans un modèle réaliste comportant des données manquantes et un bruit hétéroscédastique. A côté de l'estimation spectrale, l'utilisation des needlets est également introduite dans un problème de séparation de sources.
Après quatre chapitres introductifs (dédiés respectivement aux aspects physiques, analytiques et statistiques de l'étude du CMB, puis à une présentation d'ensemble des résultats), quatre articles de revue (en collaboration) sont présentés : "Practical wavelet design on the sphere" ; "CMB power spectrum estimation using wavelets" ; "Spectral estimation on the sphere with needlets: high frequency asymptotics" et "A full sky, low foreground, high resolution CMB map from WMAP".
Fiorucci, Simon. "Acquisition et analyse des données pour l'expérience de recherche de matière noire EDELWEISS." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112131.
The EDELWEISS experiment aims to detect WIMPs, hypothetical and elusive particles which could possibly amount for all or part of the dark matter in the universe. For that purpose, it uses cryogenic germanium detectors able to record both the rise in temperature and the ionisation created by a WIMP interaction in the semi-conductor crystal bulk. This thesis work focuses on the last data taking campaign of phase I of the experiment. It is centered around three main points. In a first part, we present the elaboration of a new numerical acquisition system, based on a heat channel trigger, contrary to the previous system which was based on an ionisation channel trigger. In a second part, we expose the complete analysis of the data acquired with this new system, from the calibration of each measurement channel to the extraction of a result in terms of sensitivity to a WIMP signal. Lastly, we dedicate a whole chapter to a further analysis of the high energy data, as well as to the interpretation of the different radioactive backgrounds we observe, in order to prepare the next phase of the experiment due to start at the end of 2005
Zhou, Liangzhu. "Contribution à l'analyse harmonique du bruit de fond par méthode numérique." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20050.
Burtin, Arnaud. "Analyse du bruit sismique des rivières pour l'estimation du transport de la charge de fond." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00550062.
Guilloux, Frédéric. "Analyse harmonique et estimation spectrale sur la sphère : application à l'étude du fond diffus cosmologique." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077171.
This thesis focuses on the use of second generation wavelet frames for the statistical study of spherical random fields. Among phenomena modeled by such a field, we are specifically interested in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). The localization of needlets (recent construction of wavelets) on the sphere is considered and optimized in terms of spatial concentration and statistical estimation. These functions are then used to define a new estimator of the angular power spectrum. The study of this estimator's theoretical (in the high-frequency asymptotics) and practical properties shows that it improves existing methods in a realistic model including missing data and heteroscedastic noise. Beside spectral estimation, the use of needlets is also introduced in a component separation framework. Four introductory chapters are devoted to physical, analytical and statistical aspects of the CMB, and to the presentation of our results. Then, we present four articles (in collaboration): "Practical wavelet design on the sphere" ; "CMB power spectrum estimation using wavelets" ; "Spectral estimation on the sphere with needlets: high frequency asymptotics" and "A full sky, low foreground, high resolution CMB map from WMAP"
Mangin, Pascal. "Étude d'une caractérisation mécanique des skis de fond : Méthodes d'obtention de la raideur évolutive et autres études d'aspect technico-sportif." Besançon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BESA2023.
Procopio, Pietro. "Foreground implications in the scientific exploitation of CMB data." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077252.
The first part of my thesis work focus on the CMB photon distribution function. I show the implementations and the updating phases characterizing a numerical integration code (KYPRIX) for the solution of the Kompaneets equation in cosmological context. Physical implementations were also performed: the introduction of the cosmological constant; the choice of the primordial chemical abundances of H and He is now possible; the ionization fractions for the species involved have been introduced; it was created an optional interface that links KYPRIX with codes, like RECFAST, in order to calculate a recombination history of the ionization fraction of H and He. Ail of the physical implementations contributed to perform more realistic simulation of the spectral distortion of the CMB. During my second stage at APC I performed several tests on the Planck Sky Model. The tests involved the latest two release of Galactic emission model, the Galactic foreground template derived by WMAP data and a clean CMB anisotropy map. The last release of the PSM total intensity prediction of the Galactic processes showed results consistent with the previous ones for almost ail the frequencies tested, while it still needs some tuning at 23 GHz, where synchrotron emission and free-free emission are more prominent. I started using SMICA (component separation techniques) during my first stage at APC, in 2007. 1 used SMICA, and another filter (FFT filter) I developed, for a reprocessing of the IRIS mapset. A FFT filter was developed for this purpose and I used the filter only on localized regions, not on the full-sky maps. The dramatic improvements obtained on the IRIS maps are clearly visible just by eye
Obermann, Anne Christine. "Etude des propriétés élastiques de la croûte : analyse numérique et applications au bruit de fond sismique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067693.
Obermann, Anne-Christine. "Etude des propriétés élastiques de la croûte : analyse numérique et applications au bruit de fond sismique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENU028/document.
During my thesis, I worked on different aspects of monitoring the elastic properties of the crust, with both numerical analysis and applications with ambient noise. The main body of my thesis consists of two main parts: 1. Properties of coda waves A very important parameter that we continuously encounter in the different parts of my thesis work is the scattering mean free path. I present an original way to determine the scattering mean free path from phase statistics that was successfully tested on a volcano in Auvergne. Then I discuss an intensive numerical analysis of the depth sensitivity of coda waves. This work allowed us to relate the depth sensitivity of coda waves to a combination of bulk wave sensitivity and surface wave sensitivity that depends on the time in the coda and on the scattering mean free path of the medium. We were able to show a time dependence of the relative velocity change in the coda that allows us to discriminate a change that occurs at the surface from a change that occurs at depth. 2. Locating changes in multiply scattering media We developed an inversion method based on probabilistic approaches of the wave propagation to locate changes in the medium. As an additional aspect to seismic noise monitoring techniques that are based on the evaluation of time delays in the coda, we also study the waveform decoherence. Within this thesis, we apply and refine the inversion method with three case studies. We study pre-and co-eruptive changes at Piton de la Fournaise volcano in La Réunion Island. The challenge here is to correctly locate forthcoming eruptions. A second data set comes from the Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in China. In this study, we take the time evolution of the coda into account and jointly invert the data at different times in the coda to study changes in the crust during and after the earthquake. From the results, we can clearly see that waveform decoherence and velocity variations are not sensitive to the same physical properties. In the third study, we test the inversion procedure with a 3D sensitivity kernel to study the fracturing of concrete blocks under increased tension
Abellaoui, Lahcen. "Conception d'un analyseur numérique de densité spectrale de bruit de fond électronique." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20235.
Nguyen, Anh Duy. "Analyse empirique de l'impact des transferts de fond sur la pauvreté et la dépense de ménage au Vietnam." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU2010/document.
This study examines the impact of remittances on poverty, the welfare of receiving-households. It measures the extent to which the remittance flows are distributed among households at various points in the consumption distribution, using two latest rounds of Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys 2010 and 2012 (VHLSSs). We applied different estimation method in this study including the meta-regression framework, matching method, IV method and quantile treatment effect regression. We use the expenditure poverty line measured by General Statistics Office/World Bank (GSO-WB), while the welfare indicator is measured by household and per capita expenditure. Several interesting results emerged. In chapter 2, the study is one of the first meta-regression analysis regarding the investigation of the “true” empirical effect of remittances on poverty reduction. The findings reveal that the heterogeneity in effect size of the impact of remittance on poverty reduction for a specific study may depend on various key factors: geographical region and level of development of one country, econometric method, and poverty indicators. In chapter 3, we apply the matching method. The poverty reduction effect of remittances varies between 7.3 percentage points and 3.0 percentage points for rural and urban families respectively. Furthermore, we find a significant increase of expenditure for remittances-receiving households. In chapter 4, using the historical migration networks as instruments for remittance receipts, we found that international remittances do decrease the likelihood of household poverty by about 7.5 percentage points. Finally, the gain of remittances is significantly larger among better–off households in Vietnam, especially when the endogeneity of remittance is taken into account in QTE estimation
Izac, Corinne. "Analyse et premiers résultats de l'expérience Nemo 2 : étude des bruits de fond des décroissances (2β)₂ν et (2β)₀ν." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10567.
Israwi, Samer. "Analyse Mathématique De Problèmes En Océanographie Côtière." Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463862.
Zinger, Svitlana. "Interpolation et rééchantillonnage de données spatiales et application à la cartographie urbaine et à la détermination du fond cosmique primordial." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000944.
Louati, Sihem. "Acquisition, traitement, analyse, modélisation et inversion des enregistrements de bruit de fond sismique : application : les berges du lac sud de Tunis." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066475.
The analysis and characterization of the sub-soil can be performed using several geophysical methods and surveys. These methods include traditional seismic methods (active or passive) that require the use of natural or artificial seismic sources and whose application is limited by the characteristics of the sources. After the finding of Nakamura theory (1989), a recent passive seismic technique consist to record the ambient seismic noise is established. To analyze the seismic risk of south lake banks of Tunis City, we have used this method. Campaigns measures in the field of study leads to the determination of seismic micro-zoning maps and identification of origin of these signals. Using several numerical simulations, the development of the relationship between a soil column and the results of these ambient seismic noise recordings is achieved. The estimation of the propagation of a seismic source through a column of tabular soil is performed. Then, a distribution of noise sources in both surface and subsurface is made and an estimation of the seismic signal generated by this two-dimensional distribution is performed. Geophysical and geotechnical site characterization study allows the comparison between these results and the results from an inversion of the curves H/V. This comparison reassures outcomes deriving records seismic noise
Rossi, Matteo. "La diffusion inélastique résonante de rayons X sur systèmes corrélés induit par l'interaction spin-orbite : applications scientifiques et développements instrumentaux." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY089/document.
Iridium oxides (iridates) have raised notable attention in the last decade due to the identification of a Mott insulating state realized by the joint action of crystal field, electron correlation, and spin-orbit coupling. Such state has been intensively investigated and novel quantum phases and excitations have been theoretically predicted and experimentally found. Undoubtedly, one of the most employed techniques to elucidate the low-energy physics of iridates is resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). At the iridium L3 edge, it benefits from a particularly good energy resolution, which matches the energy scales of the relevant excitations, and from a favorable inelastic cross-section. The aim of the present thesis is twofold: conceive challenging instrumental upgrades that contribute to the advancement of the technique itself, and apply RIXS to inspect the magnetic and electronic properties of selected iridates.The main instrumental development concerns the design of a new RIXS spectrometer with polarization resolution. Polarization analysis of the scattered X-rays provides useful information about the symmetry and thus the nature of an excitation. However, it is rather unexploited because of severe technical challenges when energy resolution and efficiency must be preserved. The designed RIXS spectrometer with polarization analysis capabilities is still under construction, however the optical scheme has been validated by preliminary tests. Full polarization analysis is expected without degradation of energy resolution or efficiency with respect to current state-of-the-art RIXS spectrometers. Additional technical developments include sample-environment equipment to perform RIXS experiments in low-temperature and high-pressure conditions. The equipment has been successfully utilized to investigate the magnetic dynamics of the bilayer-perovskite Sr3Ir2O7 below its Néel temperature and up to 12 GPa. Our measurements provide additional observations that may sharpen the challenge to theoretical understanding of the magnetic dynamics of this material. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that RIXS experiments of the magnetic dynamics can be extended to unexplored thermodynamic conditions.Besides instrumental advances, additional experimental work has been carried out in order to study the magnetic and electronic excitations of the post-perovskite CaIrO3. Owing to its peculiar crystal structure, featuring both edge- and corner-sharing octahedra, the magnetic interactions of CaIrO3 are very different along orthogonal directions. In particular, the inhibition of the Heisenberg coupling along the edge-sharing direction induces one-dimensional magnetic behavior with characteristic fractional spinon-like excitations, which have been detected by RIXS. Electronic excitations are also found to have particular properties. Finally, I have focused on the electronic structure of Rb2[IrF6], which was theoretically predicted to realize a Mott insulating state similar to the one of iridium oxides. RIXS measurements helped to elucidate the electronic properties of this compound. The robustness of the electronic state has been tested against substitutions of the alkali metal and halogen, and application of physical pressure.The present work extends the potential of the RIXS technique to domains previously unexplored, i.e. polarization analysis of the scattered X-rays and high-pressure low-temperature experiments. I hope that the instrumental upgrades and applications of RIXS discussed in this thesis will further promote the technique as a powerful and reliable tool to characterize elementary excitations in correlated-electron systems
Ruby, Anne. "Contribution à la méthodologie de l'analyse de la performance sportive : application à la situation de compétition en ski de fond." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10184.
Tönies, Simon. "Au fond de l'inconnu : Technique et esthétique dans "Polyphonie X" de Pierre Boulez." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ2000.
Written in 1951, "Polyphonie X" is a key work of early serialism and a corner stone of the most experimental stage in Pierre Boulez’s career. However, the fact that the piece has been withdrawn shortly after its premiere has inhibited the very possibility of an adequate reception or understanding. The present study aims to fill this gap by providing an in-depth analysis of the underlying compositional procedures as well as an aesthetic discussion. In addition to the three completed movements of "Polyphonie X", its larger scoped but only rudimentarily mapped-out predecessor Première Polyphonie is also taken into consideration. After a brief overview of the historical context and a discussion of Boulez’s concept of polyphony, the analysis proceeds in two steps: Firstly, the intricate background structure is reconstructed from the sketch material, paying particular attention to the relationship between the different compositional dimensions such as pitch, rhythm or timbre. Secondly, it is examined how the composer works with this background structure in order to, for example, accentuate certain perceptive potentials. To this end, I propose a methodology of harmonic analysis that also incorporates the findings of empirical, perception-centered research. The results of the analysis are then taken as a starting point for an aesthetic critique. It is argued that Boulez’s rejection of "Polyphonie X" is the result of an unsolved crisis of creative agency in relation to an increasingly alienated, self-perpetuating musical material. Moreover, it is opined that it is precisely this conflict that makes for the transformative relevancy of the piece. Finally, in light of these considerations, I make some suggestions as to how the piece can be approached today
Ker, Stéphan. "Développement de méthodes d'imagerie sismique par grand fond et d'analyse multiéchelle par ondelettes pour la caractérisation à haute résolution du sous-sol marin." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GLOB0007.
High Resolution marine seismic is a common tool to indirectly study the fine scale structures of the sub-seabed and its related geohazards. In water depths, ranging from the continental slope to deep oceanic basin, high resolution seismic imaging cannot be achieved with conventional near-surface system due to a number of shortcomings. Since the 90s, the acquisition strategy has therefore striven for lowering both seismic sources and receivers close to the seafloor. Ifremer has recently developed a deeptowed seismic system (SYSIF), based on piezoelectric transducer technology and dedicated to the study of superficial sediments up to 6000 m water depth. Our objective is to achieve seismic imaging and seismic characterization at small scales consistent with the accuracy of in situ geotechnical measurements. We aim at improving the seismic resolution of the deep-towed seismic data and proposing quantitative methods for the characterization of the sediments properties. The processing sequence of SYSIF data was first optimized by introducing the source signature deconvolution. We improve the vertical resolution by a factor 2 and reach 1 m and. 5 m resolution for the frequency ranges [220-1050 Hz] and [580-2200 Hz] respectively. In order to improve the lateral resolution, we assess the multioffset seismic imaging by setting up an experience based on the SYSIF source [220- 1050 Hz] and Ocean Bottom Hydrophones (OBHs). Such an acquisition requires precise positioning (which is achieved through acoustic relocation of sources and receivers) and the development of velocity analysis, processing and imaging methods suited to the acquisition geometry. We present a first application of this approach, performed during the ERIG3D cruise on a buried Mass transport Complex offshore Nigeria. The final seismic imaging has a 2. 5 m lateral resolution and demonstrates the feasibility of a high resolution depth imaging in deep-sea based on deep-towed seismic source. The former results allowed the development of a multichannel high resolution streamer to be started by Ifremer. To further improve the vertical resolution and to characterize the small scales structures of reflectors, we develop a multiscale analysis of deep-towed seismic data. This analysis relies on the wavelet response closely related to the continuous wavelet transform. The application of the wavelet response to broadband seismic data suffers from distortions generated by the bandpass filter effect of the seismic source. Two approaches have been proposed to account for these distortions. A first empirical approach is based on the wavelet transform of the seismic source. The second approach takes advantages of the properties of Lévy alpha-stable functions to obtain a family of effective dilated wavelets that enables the direct analysis of the medium’s Green functions. For the application on SYSIF data, gaussian derivatives are used which enable to merge information provided by both SYSIF sources (High and Very High Resolution) to obtain a wavelet response in the frequency range [220-2200 Hz]. We introduce new seismic attributes related to the wavelet response. These attributes are ridge functions of the wavelet response which constitute a sparse support of the multiscale information. Ridge function is an effective tool to characterize seismic reflector’s complexity and allow the determination of their characteristic size (in the range [24-115 cm] for SYSIF sources). Theoretical developments related to these new seismic attributes are applied on a case study associating seismic and ground truth data which enables to demonstrate the potential of the approach. Finally, we explore both the optimization of the source processing based on the fractional derivatives of the most adapted Lévy alpha-stable function and the acoustic impedance determination based on the inverse continuous wavelet transform. Thus, a first application of the inverse transform of the wavelet response related to SYSIF data provides an impedance profile with a vertical resolution of 25 cm
Besnier, Magali. "Reconstruction et analyse d'interactions de neutrinos dans les blocs cibles émulsions d'OPERA et discrimination du fond charmé dans le canal τ → 3h." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS019.
OPERA (Gran-Sasso, Italy) is a long-baseline neutrino experiment dedicated to the tau neutrino detection in a pure muon neutrino beam, produced at CERN (730 km away). The main goal is to observe the νμ → ντ oscillation. The experiment uses a hybrid technology with electronic detectors and target blocks made of lead plates interleaved with nuclear emulsion sheets, in order to sign efficiently the ντ interactions. The fundamental features of OPERA are its particle reconstruction performances achieved in spatial and angular resolutions. First studies done in this thesis concern the development of several analysis tools like the particle momentum determination using the multiple coulomb scattering in target, and a method of neutrino interaction reconstruction for multi-vertex events. Then it has been possible to develop a multivariable analysis in order to separate tau and charmed events in the tau decay channel into three charged hadrons. These tools have been tested with neutrino interactions observed first with the OPERA test-beam called PEANUT, then with the OPERA events accumulated during the first CNGS run in 2007. The combined analysis of these events has shown that both the analysis method and the OPERA detector behaviour are well understood
Filliatre, Philippe. "Etalonnage sol et analyse des données de l'expérience ballon Archeops mesurant les anisotropies du fond diffus cosmologique : étude des contraintes sur l'inflation." Grenoble INPG, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPG0072.
Bigot, Sazy Marie Anne. "Mesure des anisotropies de polarisation du fond diffus cosmologique avec l'interféromètre bolométrique QUBIC." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01063364.
Aumont, Jonathan. "Étude des différentes composantes de la polarisation du ciel en vue de l'observation du Fond Diffus Cosmologique avec le satellite Planck." Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10116.
This thesis is dedicated to the measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies and to the characterization of its Galactic foregrounds. This work has been done in the framework of the Planck satellite data analysis preparation. First, a general introduction to cosmology and to CMB is presented. An overview of the current cosmological measurements is given and the Archeops, WMAP and Planck experiments are introduced. Part two is devoted to the effect of a primordial magnetic field on CMB polarization. We derive the angular power spectra of this effect and give a superior limit on the nowadays intensity of this field using the WMAP data. Ln a third part, we present the analysis we have performed using the Archeops data. First, we show the Gaussian nature of the temperature data measured at 143 GHz, constraining the non-linear coupling factor and systematic residuals and then, using the polarized data from the 353 GHz channel, we show the first measurement of the polarized diffuse emission of dust at large angular scales. Ln a fourth part, we present an original component separation method allowing to extract the various physical contributions from multi-frequency observations, in both tempe rature and polarization. Performances of the method are intensively tested using Planck sky simulations. Finally, we focus on the modelization of the polarized Galactic emissions of synchrotron and dust andwe compare our simulations of these emissions to the Archeops and WMAP polarized data
Errard, Josquin. "A hunt for cosmic microwave background B-modes in the sytematic contaminants jungle." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077260.
This thesis presents a study of selected instrumental and astrophysical systematics, which may affect the performance of new generation of future observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization. It elaborates on their impact on the science goals of those observations and discusses techniques and approaches for their removal. Its focus is on general issues typical of entire classes of experiments, but also on specific problems as encountered in the context of a CMB B-mode experiment, POLARBEAR. The main target of the CMB polarization effort undergoing currently in the field is a detection of the primordial B-modes anisotropies — a so far undetected signature of the inflationary theories. This would have far-reaching impact on our understanding of the universe but also fundamental laws of physics. Understanding, modelling, and ultimately removal of the systematics are essential steps in any modern CMB analyste pipeline and their successful accomplishment, together with a high instrumental sensitivity, will decide of a final success of the entire effort. In this thesis I first describe optics of typical CMB experiments and introduce a parametrization of instrumental and cross-polarisation affects particularly convenient for the analysis of their impact. Second, I present a model describing the atmospheric contamination and use it to provide some insights about the atmosphere's role and its impact on performance of ground-based experiments. I also outline how it could be used further to improve control of atmospheric effects in the CMB data analysis. Then, I discuss another source of sky systematics — the polarized astrophysical foregrounds. In this context I present on the one hand a new approach to forecasting performance of the future experiments, which accounts for the presence of the foregrounds, white on the other I propose a framework for optimizing hardware of such experiments to let them achieve better performance. This part of thesis stems from a commun work with dm. F. Stivoli and R. Stompor. I finally present one of the leading CMB polarization experiment POLARBEAR, in which I have been involved in over the course of my PhD studies. I describe its current status and performance as well as selected steps of its data analysis pipeline. In particular, I show methods to estimate some of the parameters introduced for the systematics modeling from simulated data. This work has been performed in collaboration with mernbers of the POLARBEAR team
Moisan, Josiane. "Analyse et caractérisation des résidus lourds produits dans les réactions 129Xe+natSn entre 8 et 25 AMeV." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25664/25664.pdf.
Coulmy, Nicolas. "Contribution à l'analyse cinématique et énergétique du pas de patineur en ski de fond : application à l'étude comparative de trois disciplines nordiques : le ski de fond, le biathlon et le combiné nordique : analyse comparative de systèmes d'analyse utilisant une modélisation filaire ou volumique et application à des études de cas en ski de fond." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10137.
Broudin, Gwenaelle. "Recherche de la double décroissance bêta sans émission de neutrino du 82Se. Analyse des données et modélisation du bruit de fond du détecteur NEMO3." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00404363.
Broudin, Gwénaëlle. "Recherche de la double décroissance bêta sans émission de neutrino du ⁸²Se : Analyse des données et modélisation du bruit de fond du détecteur NEMO3." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13376.
Aumont, Jonathan. "Etude des différentes composantes de la polarisation du ciel en vue de l'observation du Fond Diffus Cosmologique avec le satellite Planck." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00185077.
L'exposé débute par une introduction à la cosmologie et au CMB. Un état des lieux des mesures cosmologiques est dressé et les expériences Archeops, WMAP et Planck sont présentées.
Une deuxième partie est consacrée à l'effet d'un champ magnétique primordial sur la polarisation du CMB. Nous y dérivons les spectres de puissance angulaire de cet effet et nous donnons une limite supérieure sur l'intensité actuelle de ce champ à l'aide des données de WMAP.
Dans une troisième partie, nous présentons les analyses effectuées à partir des mesures de l'expérience Archeops. D'une part, nous montrons le caractère gaussien des données en température à 143 GHz, contraignant ainsi le paramètre de couplage non linéaire et les résidus systématiques et d'autre part, à l'aide des données à 353 GHz, nous montrons la première mesure de l'émission diffuse polarisée de la poussière galactique à grande échelle.
Une quatrième partie présente une méthode de séparation de composantes permettant d'extraire les différentes contributions physiques à partir d'observations multifréquences, en température et en polarisation. Nous caractérisons ses performances sur des simulations du ciel vu par Planck.
Enfin, dans une dernière partie, nous nous attachons à modéliser les émissions galactiques polarisées du synchrotron et de la poussière et nous comparons ces émissions simulées aux données des expériences Archeops et WMAP.
Vansyngel, Flavien. "The blind Bayesian approach to Cosmic Microwave Background data analysis." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066609/document.
The main topic of this thesis is the analysis of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data. In particular, I present a method, Bayesian Independent component analysis (BICA), that performs both CMB component separation and CMB power spectrum inference.I begin by presenting the basics of our understanding of the CMB emission and highlight the need for a robust error modelling at the map level. Then I present the main source of errors in the CMB products, namely the foregrounds.Component separation is a crucial and delicate step in CMB data analysis. I review several methods aiming at cleaning the CMB from foregroundsThen I present BICA. The method is formulated in a blind Bayesian framework. The posterior distribution provides an inference of the CMB map and power spectrum from the observation maps. Thus, the errors on the reconstruction include the uncertainties due the presence of foregrounds in the data. By considering particular choices of prior and sampling scheme, I show how the Bayesian formulation of component separation provide a unifying framework of which previous methods are special cases.I present the results of BICA when applied on both simulated data and 2013 Planck data. This method is able to reconstruct the CMB map and power spectrum on a large fraction of the sky. The main contributions of this thesis is to provide: 1) a CMB power spectrum on a large multipole range whose errors take the presence of foregrounds into account but without assuming physical models, 2) a CMB map inference together with an error model including both noise and foregrounds residuals
Pesquet-Popescu, Béatrice. "Modélisation bidimensionnelle de processus non stationnaires et application à l'étude du fond sous-marin." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DENS0021.
Rosset, Cyrille. "Contribution à la mesure de la polarisation du fond diffus cosmologique dans le cadre des programmes ARCHEOPS et PLANCK." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004455.
Achkar, Baïda. "Recherche d'oscillations de neutrinos auprès d'un réacteur nucléaire : étude des composantes du bruit de fond et analyse des données expérimentales dans l'expérience du Bugey III." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10132.
Lucas, Carine. "Effets de petites échelles, du tenseur des contraintes, des conditions au fond et à la surface sur les équations de Saint-Venant." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10234.
In a first part, we present some Shallow Water equations. About the actual model, we firstly remark that, depending on the link between the viscosity and the aspect ratio, keeping the complete Coriolis force expression is essential: this gives a new model, with a so-called "cosine effect". We then show that the proofs of existence of weak solutions can be adapted to this new system. Numerical simulations of some waves underline the fact that this term is of importance. Next we study the influence of the limit conditions (surface, bottom) on Shallow-Water type models. We also present some models obtained using multiple scales in space and time. Finally we analyze a new model of sedimentation from a theoretical and numerical point of view and then we give some results for visco-plastic fluids. In a second part, we are interested in the limit equation, namely the Quasi-Geostrophic (QG) equations and the lake equations. The numerical study of the 2d QG equations enables us to emphasize the role of the cosine effect from the Coriolis force. Depending on the topography we consider, we show that this effect can turn out to be not negligible. Still about the QG equations, we give a numerical scheme, based on asymptotic developments, which capture the boundary layer well and also give the opportunity to add a topography term to the solution for a flat bottom, without re-computing everything. Lastly we explain how to get the lake equations with cosine effect and we prove that the properties of existence of solutions to such equations are still valid
Desjacques, Charlotte. "Apports des méthodes photon-in/photon-out à la compréhension des systèmes catalytiques complexes." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R013.
The aim of this PhD dissertation is to apply resonant inelastic X-Ray scattering (RIXS 1s2p) and high energy resolution partial fluorescence detection X-ray absorption spectroscopy (HERPFD-XAS) to the study in situ sulfurization of HDS catalysts. Indeed, only a detailed understanding of the structure and nature of the active phase of the catalysts at the molecular level makes it possible to improve their catalytic performance. After presenting a state of the art on the characterization of the active phase of hydrotreating catalysts, we have shown the potential of these spectroscopic methods through the study of cobalt-based reference compounds where cobalt is present in different symmetries with different oxidation states. These results reveal that these spectroscopic techniques are sensitive to the local coordination of cobalt, as well as to its electronic structure. Two samples were studied for in situ sulfurization: cobalt supported on alumina and cobalt-molybdenum supported on alumina. The HERPFD-XAS spectroscopy results at cobalt K-edge show CoS2 formation before the CoMoS and Co9S8 phases for both samples, as well as the constant contribution of CoAl2O4 (phase that does not undergo sulfurization). Analysis by 1s2p RIXS spectroscopy revealed that the cobalt, present in the active phase of the both catalyst, has a metallic character, which allowed to interpret in a finer way data published in the literature
Abdou, Khaled. "Evaluation des impacts environnementaux du chalutage de fond et de l'aquaculture en Tunisie : approche comparative par les Analyses de Cycle Vie (ACV)." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0141/document.
The main goal of ecology is to place human activities within a framework of sustainable development by enhancing their economic benefits, their social attractiveness and their environmental performances. Ecosystems that support fisheries and aquaculture are subject to several alterations of significant relevance to their functioning and to their abilities to provide goods and services. Therefore, the long-term sustainability of fishing and aquaculture is a major concern from an environmental and ecological viewpoint. Both activities carry risks of negative environmental impacts because of its close relation with the immediate environment. To better understand environmental impacts and ensure the sustainability of fishing and aquaculture, it is necessary to develop an integrative sciencebased approach to impact assessment. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has emerged as a robust method to estimate potential environmental impacts associated with a product. It allows the assessment of environmental impacts “from cradle to grave”, taking into account all stages of a product’s life. This thesis focuses on the adaptation of LCA to demersal trawling and aquaculture in Tunisia. The goal is to explore how LCA improves the environmental evaluation of seafood production systems and how it helps to better understand their links with the environment. Results revealed that rearing practices and fish feed were the greatest contributors to the impacts studied due to the production of fish meal and oil and the low efficiency of feed use. The study also showed that impact intensity of demersal trawling was proportional to the amount of fuel consumed. LCA is a valuable tool for assessing how to improve environmental sustainability of demersal trawling and aquaculture
Lucas, Carine. "Effets de petites échelles, du tenseur des contraintes, des conditions au fond et à la surface sur les équations de Saint-Venant." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00196883.
Dans une deuxième partie, nous nous intéressons aux équations limites que sont les équations quasi-géostrophiques (QG) et les équations des lacs. L'étude numérique des équations QG 2d nous permet de voir le rôle de l'effet cosinus de la force de Coriolis. En fonction de la topographie considérée, nous montrons que celui-ci peut être non négligeable. Toujours sur les équations QG, nous donnons un schéma, basé sur des développements asymptotiques, qui permet de bien capter la couche limite mais aussi d'ajouter le terme de topographie à la solution obtenue avec fond plat, sans refaire tous les calculs. Enfin, nous expliquons l'obtention des équations des lacs avec effet cosinus, et nous prouvons que les propriétés d'existence de solutions restent valables.