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1
Zbroja, Piotr, Ksawery Szykiedans, and Wojciech Credo. "Flexible grippers for industrial robots – comparison of features of low-cost 3D printed component." MATEC Web of Conferences 254 (2019): 02020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925402020.
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The aim of presented work was to analyse the feasibility of using 3D-print technology in robotics based on the production of industrial robot flexible grippers. For selected geometry of gripper single finger available 3D printing techniques has been analysed. The study made by authors uses the following additive technologies and devices: SLS (Selective laser Sintering) and FDM (Fused deposition modelling). As a prior an analyses of capabilities of individual technologies were done by testing the quality of the 3D CAD model recreated on test print-outs. Based on the printed gripper, its functionality, and strength properties were examined. Strength of grapplers was tested with a use of an MTS test machine under repeating deflexion simulating standard operational cycle of a gripper. Test proved that at least few thousands of cycle are possible to be made by a 3D printed gripper. What interesting gripper made with use of the less advanced printer showed different wear behaviour than an one made on the more advanced. First one showed almost instantaneous start of slow and constant strength degradation while the second one proved to have a stable deflexional capability by almost twice an number of cycles. More isotropic structure of an SLS printed gripper caused the best results of all tested ones.
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Abikou, Jérôme Michel, Josué Yisségnon Gouw Akinou, Inoussa Chabi Sero, and Jacob Afouda Yabi. "Analyse de l’Efficacité Économique des Systèmes de Culture du Riz en Bas-fonds dans la Commune de Malanville, au Nord-Benin." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, no. 10 (April 29, 2023): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n10p169.
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Compte tenu de l’importance socioéconomique et alimentaire du riz, les producteurs ont utilisé plusieurs systèmes de culture pour mieux assurer la compétitivité de leurs exploitations. La présente étude a consisté en une analyse de l’efficacité économique des systèmes de culture du riz en bas-fonds. Un échantillon de 283 producteurs a été constitué de façon aléatoire. L’approche stochastique des frontières de production et de coût a permis d’estimer et de décomposer l’efficacité économique en ces deux composantes (efficacité technique et efficacité allocative). Les analyses ont été faites à l’aide du logiciel d’analyse STATA 14.1. Les résultats ont montré que les efficacités diffèrent d’un cycle de production à l’autre et d’un système de culture à l’autre. Le système de culture impliquant plus les pratiques d’une transition agroécologique (SCR2) a été plus efficace en production pluviale 0,39 (±0,01) et en décrue 0,41 (±0,07) alors que le système impliquant moins les pratiques d’une transition agroécologique (SCR1) a été plus efficace en production de contre saison 0,68 (±0,09) face aux autres systèmes. Le renforcement du dispositif d’accompagnement des producteurs pouvait leur permet de mieux assurer la compétitivité de leurs exploitations à travers le choix d’un système de culture plus efficace.
Given the socioeconomic and nutritional importance of rice, farmers have used several cropping systems to better ensure the competitiveness of their farms. This study consisted of an analysis of the economic efficiency of lowland rice cultivation systems. A sample of 283 farmers was randomly selected. The stochastic approach of production and cost frontiers made it possible to estimate and break down economic efficiency into these two components (technical efficiency and allocative efficiency). Analyzes were performed using STATA 14.1 analysis software. The results showed that the efficiencies differ from one production cycle to another and from one cropping system to another. The cropping system involving more agroecological transition practices (SCR2) was more efficient in rainfed production 0.39 (±0.01) and in flood recession 0.41 (±0.07) while the system involving less agroecological transition practices (SCR1) was more effective in off-season production 0.68 (±0.09) compared to other systems. Strengthening the support system for farmers could enable them to better ensure the competitiveness of their farms through the choice of a more efficient cropping system.
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Kristowski, Adam, Beata Grzyl, Anna Gobis, and Łukasz Jeliński. "Effects of safety barrier life cycle cost factors - identification and analysis." MATEC Web of Conferences 231 (2018): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823101013.
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The costs borne by road infrastructure authorities for managing and maintaining road devices such as safety barriers may be very high. This has prompted the need for identifying and analysing in detail all factors that influence the costs of safety barriers throughout their service life. To meet that need, the authors used international experience and field data collected under the LifeRoSE project to define the cost structure and, as a next step, to analyse factors that are relevant to the costs actually incurred.
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Smetanková, Jana, Peter Mésároš, and Katarína Krajníková. "Innovative cost estimation methods for building production." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sspjce-2021-0013.
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Abstract Technological progress is reflected in all industries. Obsolete project manuals in the construction industry are being replaced by digitized automated controls that monitor the project in real-time. One of the main trends is the introduction of technologies based on data analytics. Effective use of technology to collect and analyse data is key to improving a building's planning and management across its life cycle. Building information models, which process digital content related to the entire life cycle of a building, are becoming an effective tool. The main goal of the paper is to design and identify the structure of the developed database, which, based on the acquired knowledge, contains graphical models that have selected non-graphical information.
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Kail, C. "Evaluation of Advanced Combined Cycle Power Plants." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 212, no. 1 (February 1998): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095765099821200101.
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This report will analyse and evaluate the most recent and significant trends in combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plant configurations. The various enhancements will be compared with the ‘simple’ gas turbine. The first trend, a gas turbine with reheat, cannot convert its better efficiency and higher output into a lower cost of electrical power. The additional investments required as well as increased maintenance costs will neutralize all the thermodynamic performance advantages. The second concept of cooling the turbine blades with steam puts very stringent requirements on the blade materials, the steam quality and the steam cooling system design. Closed-loop steam cooling of turbine blades offers cost advantages only if all its technical problems can be solved and the potential risks associated with the process can be eliminated through long demonstration programmes in the field. The third configuration, a gas turbine with a closed-loop combustion chamber cooling system, appears to be less problematic than the previous, steam-cooled turbine blades. In comparison with an open combustion chamber cooling system, this solution is more attractive due to better thermal performance and lower emissions. Either air or steam can be used as the cooling fluid.
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Jena, Timothy, and Sakdirat Kaewunruen. "Life Cycle Sustainability Assessments of an Innovative FRP Composite Footbridge." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 24, 2021): 13000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313000.
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Sustainable construction and the design of low-carbon structures is a major concern for the UK construction industry. FRP composite materials are seen as a suitable alternative to traditional construction materials due to their high strength and light weight. Network Rail has developed a prototype for a new innovative footbridge made entirely from FRP with the aim of replacing the current steel design for footbridges. This study conducted a life cycle analysis of this novel composite footbridge design to quantify the cost and environmental benefits. An LCA and LCC analysis framework was used to analyse the environmental impacts and cost savings of the bridge throughout its lifespan from raw material extraction to its end of life. From the results of the LCA and LCC, the FRP footbridge sustainability was reviewed and compared to a standard steel footbridge. Due to the uncertainty of the fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) structure’s lifespan, multiple scenarios for longevity at the assets-use stage were studied. The study revealed that the FRP bridge offered substantial economic savings whilst presenting potentially worse environmental impacts, mainly caused by the impact of the production of FRP materials. However, our study also demonstrated the influences of uncertainties related to the glass-fibre-reinforced plastic (GFRP) material design life and end-of-life disposal on the whole life cycle analyses. The results show that if the FRP footbridge surpasses its original estimation for lifespan, the economic savings can be increased and the environmental impacts can be reduced substantially.
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Fedosov, Sergey V., Vadim N. Fedoseev, and Ludmila A. Oparina. "The Issues of Energy Efficiency of Buildings for Agricultural Purposes." Materials Science Forum 931 (September 2018): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.931.436.
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The current problem of ensuring energy saving and improving the energy efficiency of buildings and structures for agricultural purposes is identified. The geopolitical situation, import substitution programs and agricultural development programs set the task of developing domestic vegetable production, which in its turn requires the construction of new vegetable store buildings, as in most regions of Russia the harvest is collected once a year. In this regard, the current task is to ensure the energy conservation and achieve high energy efficiency of the vegetable store buildings. Energy saving is the basic technology for creating effective agriculture. The purpose of the study is to analyse the requirements for insulation materials for buildings and vegetable store facilities, taking into account energy efficiency and life cycle cost. The authors analysed the criteria for choosing a heater for the vegetable stores: low coefficient of thermal conductivity, water absorption, sorption humidity, frost resistance, biostability, lack of cold bridges, long service life. It is proposed to supplement the criteria for choosing a building insulation with the characteristics of the life cycle cost and the service life. Design and construction of agricultural buildings is proposed to be implemented using the concepts of BLC and BIM, the use of which gives an opportunity to design buildings with optimal energy efficiency parameters and take into account the cost of the life cycle. The cost of the buildings life cycle is the main of all the performance indicators when comparing alternative design options that differ by the application of advanced technologies and material resources and the contractors' offers when concluding contracts not only for purchase, but for servicing the subject of trades during its service life. The conclusions are made about the advantages of using foamed polyethylene foam for warming vegetable store buildings, as well as the conclusion about the expediency of adding criteria determining the sustainable development of the human environment, namely life cycle cost, service life, recycling ability. The formula for calculating the cost of the buildings life cycle, adapted to the specificity of buildings for agricultural purposes, is given.
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Celauro, Clara, Andrea Cardella, and Marco Guerrieri. "LCA of Different Construction Choices for a Double-Track Railway Line for Sustainability Evaluations." Sustainability 15, no. 6 (March 13, 2023): 5066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065066.
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The international commitment to achieve carbon neutrality in the next few decades has oriented human activities towards the preservation of natural and non-renewable resources. In this context, a great research effort has been devoted to the search for sustainable solutions for the infrastructure construction sector, based on a thorough assessment of the environmental impact (EI). In this regards, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is considered one of the main components of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and, for a comprehensive analysis, all the costs incurred by stakeholders during the useful life of the infrastructure should also be taken into account, applying the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) methodology. So far, there is a lack of combined LCA and LCC analyses of railway projects to support a proper sustainable decision-making process at a project level. Therefore, this study aimed to contributed to this topic by determining the environmental effect and related costs of different planning and construction choices in terms of material and maintenance strategies. For this purpose, first, an LCA of typical railway infrastructures with a ballasted track was developed. The case study considered two different functional units of a double-track railway line: 1 km of embankment section and 1 km of a cut section, in straight alignment. After defining five alternative railway infrastructure scenarios with different materials (virgin or recycled material) and construction methods (e.g., lime stabilization), two different railway track maintenance approaches were analysed. SimaPro was used to analyse the case study, and the results were compared with those obtained using the PaLATE software, suitably adapted for use in the railway sector. Finally, a cost analysis was carried out using Life Cycle Cost (LCC) methodology for all the scenarios analysed. The results obtained in terms of EI and related costs of each scenario provide useful information, allowing a sustainable planning approach: as a general result, the initial construction phase always involves the larger part of the total environmental impact while the material production is the most polluting phase, reaching percentages always higher than 50% of the total.
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Hwang, Insik, Chybyung Park, and Byongug Jeong. "Life Cycle Cost Analysis for Scotland Short-Sea Ferries." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020424.
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The pathway to zero carbon emissions passing through carbon emissions reduction is mandatory in the shipping industry. Regarding the various methodologies and technologies reviewed for this purpose, Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) has been used as an excellent tool to determine economic feasibility and sustainability and to present directions. However, insufficient commercial applications cause a conflict of opinion on which fuel is the key to decarbonisation. Many LCCA comparison studies about eco-friendly ship propulsion claim different results. In order to overcome this and discover the key factors that affect the overall comparative analysis and results in the maritime field, it is necessary to conduct the comparative analysis considering more diverse case ships, case routes, and various types that combine each system. This study aims to analyse which greener fuels are most economically beneficial for the shipping sector and prove the factors influencing different results in LCCA. This study was conducted on hydrogen, ammonia, and electric energy, which are carbon-free fuels among various alternative fuels that are currently in the limelight. As the power source, a PEMFC and battery were used as the main power source, and a solar PV system was installed as an auxiliary power source to compare economic feasibility. Several cost data for LCCA were selected from various feasible case studies. As the difficulty caused by the storage and transportation of hydrogen and ammonia should not be underestimated, in this study, the LCCA considers not only the CapEx and OpEx but also fuel transport costs. As a result, fuel cell propulsion systems with hydrogen as fuel proved financial effectiveness for short-distance ferries as they are more inexpensive than ammonia-fuelled PEMFCs and batteries. The fuel cost takes around half of the total life-cycle cost during the life span.
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Basta, Giuseppe, Nicoletta Meloni, Francesco Poli, Lorenzo Talluri, and Giampaolo Manfrida. "Energy, Exergy and Exergo-Economic Analysis of an OTEC Power Plant Utilizing Kalina Cycle." Global Journal of Energy Technology Research Updates 8 (December 28, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15377/2409-5818.2021.08.1.
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This study aims to analyse an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) system through the use of a Kalina Cycle (KC), having a water-ammonia mixture as a working fluid. KC represents a technology capable of exploiting the thermal gap of ocean water. This system was then compared with OTEC systems, which exploit ammonia, R134A and butane-pentane mixture as working fluid. The comparison was carried on through energy analysis, exergetic analysis, and exergo-economic analysis using the EES (Engineering Equation Solver) software. For each case study, cost rates and auxiliary equations were evaluated for all components and the mass flow rate and unit exergy cost for each stream. The results showed that the KC with water-ammonia as working fluid achieves the best exergo-economic performance among the examined cycles. The cost of electricity produced through KC using water - ammonia mixture was found to be 26,66 c€/kWh. The thermal efficiency and the exergetic efficiency were calculated and the withdrawal depth of ocean water was considered. The efficiencies resulted to be 3.68% for the thermal efficiency and 95.96% for the exergetic efficiency.
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Robb, Roberta, Margaret Denton, Amiram Gafni, Anju Joshi, Jason Lian, Carolyn Rosenthal, and Donald Willison. "Valuation of Unpaid Help by Seniors in Canada: An Empirical Analysis." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 18, no. 4 (1999): 430–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800010035.
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RÉSUMÉAu Canada, le mouvement démographique vers une population vieillissante a soulevé des préoccupations concernant l'accroissement de la part des ressources sociales nécessaires à la prestation des soins de santé, de l'assistance sociale, des pensions de vieillesse, de l'hébergement, etc. pour ce groupe.Toutefois, les préoccupations liées à ce problèmes nous font souvent oublier que les personnes âgées contribuent de plusieurs façons activement à la société, entre autre par leur travail non rémunéré qui n'est pas des moindres. En utilisant les données provenant de l'Enquête sociale générale, cycle 7: emploi du temps de 1992, cet article évalue les coûts et la valeur marchande (au coût de remplacement) de l'aide non rémunérée — tant l'aide informelle à autrui que l'aide formelle aux organisations — d'individus âgées de 55 ans et plus. Le temps de déplacement lié à l'aide non rémunérée est aussi analysé. Nous constatons que les taux de participation et les moyennes d'heures sont plus élevés pour l'aide informelle aux proches que dans le secteur formel, tant pour l'âge que pour le sexe. L'évaluation montre aussi que la valeur marchande de ces contributions est substantielle et que les personnes âgées contribuent de façon disproportionnée à la valeur de l'aide non rémunérée de l'ensemble des individus de plus de vingt-cinq ans.
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Wang, Chun Wei, Yan Fang Mo, He Yu Wei, and Guo Tuan Fan. "The Moldflow Simulation Analysis of Injection Molding of the Tea Ceremony Electromagnetic Oven Baseplate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.344.
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In this paper, the computer simulation software Moldflow was used to analyse the characteristics of cooling, flowing, pressure maintaining, and warping in the process of injection filling for the tea ceremony electromagnetic oven baseplate, which could guide the optimization of machining process. Meanwhile, the development cycle of products would be greatly shortened and the cost would be reduced, which could produce significant economic benefits [1-5].
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Sawant, S. S., S. P. Atpadkar, and R. S. Kognole. "Cost Optimization of Residential Structure by Life Cycle Cost Analysis." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-2 (February 28, 2018): 1583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd9650.
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Kaewunruen, Sakdirat, Jessada Sresakoolchai, and Shuonan Yu. "Global Warming Potentials Due to Railway Tunnel Construction and Maintenance." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 6459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186459.
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Global warming is a critical issue nowadays. Although the railway system is considered as green transportation, it cannot be denied that railway tunnels have a significant environmental impact during construction and maintenance. At the same time, asset management of a project becomes more popular in project analysis. Therefore, this study aims to analyse life-cycle cost (LCC) and life-cycle assessment (LCA) for the Xikema No. 1 high-speed railway tunnel in China to consider the environmental impact of rail tunnel construction. The initial capital costs of tunnel and rail construction, operation, and maintenance costs have been separately considered in terms of the life-cycle cost analysis and net present value (NPV) with various discount rates. The LCA analysis has presented the CO2 emissions and energy consumption over the construction and operation processes into consideration. The CO2 emissions and energy consumption caused by material production, maintenance, and material transportation have been accounted for. The results show that the materials used during the construction process contribute to about 97.1% of CO2 emissions of the life-cycle while CO2 emissions caused by the operation and maintenance process are relatively small compared with the construction process. Moreover, the maintenance process consumes over 55% of the life-cycle energy. The energy consumption of the tunnel construction process is approximately 44.3%. At the same time, the construction contributes to the main proportion of LCC due to relatively low cost in the operation and maintenance stages.
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Peng, Wenjie, Daizhong Su, and Shuyi Wang. "Development of an Innovative ICT Infrastructure for an Eco-Cost System with Life Cycle Assessment." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 3118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063118.
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A novel Internet-based information communication technology (ICT) infrastructure for an eco-accounting system was successfully developed to deliver “EcoCosts”, which are the values of environmental impact throughout the product life cycle. The ICT infrastructure manages its internal elements and interacts with operation modules in the supply chain via Web-based service interfaces. The infrastructure consists of upperware, middleware, and resource layers. The upperware layer manipulates the middleware elements (cloud-based load balancing, life cycle assessment, Web-based services, and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)-enabled mobile access), and manages the associated resources within the eco-accounting system. As novel features of the ICT infrastructure, load balancing is used to handle large numbers of data and to allocate the computing load across the eco-accounting network nodes, and life cycle assessment is conducted to analyse product footprints, which are the core of “EcoCost”, to facilitate consumers in comparing the environmental impacts between different products. A case study was conducted by transmitting product EcoCosts from businesses to consumers through the Internet, successfully verifying the system developed in this research. Because this research aims to pay more attention to the ICT aspects, the EcoCost is represented using a single value, hence simplifying the related calculation. This research provides a novel solution for dealing with the large numbers of data and computing loads required to manage EcoCost data throughout the product life cycle and to transmit EcoCosts from businesses to consumers.
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Bokarev, Alexei S., and Yulia V. Tkachuk. "Intersubjectivity in Maria Stepanova's poetic cycle «Spolia»." Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 1, no. 24 (2021): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2021-1-24-52-57.
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The article considers M. Stepanova's cycle of poems «Spolia» (2015) from the point of view of the relationship between the author and the hero, whose outlooks are clearly getting closer at the non-classical stage of poetics development. The authors analyse the artistic strategy where «I», being the subject of the utterence, delegates the right to speak and/or the right to make judgements to the «other», «connecting» to the «other» for the sake of self-expression. Spolia is based on the complex of meanings connected with the author's consciousness, directed towards the author, but not autonomous in relation to the subject: replication (usually not marked graphically) and «alien» intention (understood as value expression directed at the protagonist) are the most popular forms of speech production in the cycle. The author's powers are thus limited to recording judgements addressed to the heroine and critically interpreting Stepanova's texts (the poet's works must be read as meta-lyrics), and to organizing the space for dialogue. The «voices» of both classical and modern artists (from A. Griboyedov and P. Tchaikovsky to Ven. Yerofeyev and G. Dashevsky) are included in the subjective sphere of «Spolia» as inseparable but not merging with the author's voice. When the purpose of the intertext comes down to expanding the boundaries of the personality, which is no longer understood as a «center», but as a «radius» of the artistic world, it is natural to disregard the individual biography of the writer. The poet's «passport» name, according to Stepanova, is a «synonym» for the epicenter of pain: unity with the world is only bought at the cost of suffering, which opens up to the author the possibility of «no-self-speaking», rare in poetry
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Kaewunruen, Sakdirat, Jessada Sresakoolchai, and Junying Peng. "Life Cycle Cost, Energy and Carbon Assessments of Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010206.
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The Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway (HSR) is one of the most important railways in China, but it also has impacts on the economy and the environment while creating social benefits. This paper uses a life cycle assessment (LCA) method and a life cycle cost (LCC) analysis method to summarize the energy consumption, carbon emissions and costs of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR from the perspective of life cycle, and proposes some corresponding suggestions based on the results. The research objective of this paper is to analyse the carbon emissions, energy consumption, and costs of the rail system which includes the structure of the track and earthwork of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR during four stages: conception stage, construction stage, operation and maintenance stage, and disposal stage. It is concluded that the majority of the carbon emissions and energy consumption of the entire rail system are from the construction stage, accounting for 64.86% and 54.31% respectively. It is followed by the operation and maintenance stage with 31.60% and 35.32% respectively. In contrast, the amount of carbon emissions and energy consumption from the conception stage is too small to be considered. Furthermore, cement is the major contributor to the carbon emissions and energy consumption during the construction stage. As for the cost, the construction stage spends the largest amount of money (US$4614.00 million), followed by the operation and maintenance stage (US$910.61 million). Improving production technologies and choosing construction machinery are proposed to reduce the cost and protect the environment.
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Mingru, Chen, Guo Xu, Zhang Zehan, and Zhou Lyu. "Study on sustainable defluoridization approaches for rural drinking water treatment in northern China." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1074, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1074/1/012002.
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Abstract Groundwater for potable uses containing high fluoride is a worldwide threat to human health. Electrocoagulation is a sustainable approach for decentralized treatment. This study aims to analyse the economic and environmental impacts of electrocoagulation applied at different scale in rural area of northern China by life cycle cost (LCC) and life cycle assessment (LCA) methods. Decentralized treatment for defluoridization in rural Fangshan District, Beijing, where the groundwater quality is typical in northern China, is surveyed as a case study. Three scenarios were evaluated. In scenario 1 (S1) all domestic water is electrocoagulated at community scale without dual water supply system. In scenario 2 (S2) only water for potable uses is electrocoagulated at community scale and raw water and treated water are distributed via dual water pipeline systems. In scenario 3 (S3) water for potable uses is electrocoagulated at household scale. Life cycle assessment is performed with openLCA software and Ecoinvent database. S1 has the highest impacts for eutrophication and global warming. S2 has the lowest impact for toxicity but highest impact for ozone layer depletion. S3 has the lowest impact for global warming and acidification but highest impact for human toxicity. S2 is the costliest while S3 is the most economical. In this case, life cycle cost and global warming impact are the most restricted factors so electrocoagulation at household scale is recommended.
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Sen, Prakash Kumar, Mahesh Bhiwapurkar, and S. P. Harsha. "Estimation of fatigue life parameters of an Alumino Thermic weld on UIC60 rail joint using LEFM." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2115, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2115/1/012051.
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Abstract At wheel track contact point, the high stress concentration, poor weld quality, and heterogeneity of weld material are the main factors that cause fatigue crack on any rail weld. Railway network agencies are concerned about the safety of the railway track when it comes to detecting and fixing weld faults to avoid vehicle derailment and loss of lives. This study analysed a numerical simulation of fatigue crack and its evolution under loaded service condition. A 3-D CAD wheel rail weld assembly model was built to study an AT welded joint under fatigue, and for stress concentration factor (SIF) calculation. The results are found by inserting a semi elliptical crack on the rail weld head surface with ANSYS, and then numerical simulation has been performed to get the different three modes of SIF at rail weld crack. The analysis findings data was recorded with critical fracture parameters of SIFs and its number of cycles to failure using LEFM technique and respective results have been plotted. With ANSYS the stress intensity on a crack will be resulted. By using numerical method, the critical crack size and number of cycle load with fatigue life of rail would be determined. The numbers of rail weld inspection per year has been determine by using the maximum number of cycle. The aim of this paper is to develop an effective inspection and maintenance frequency based on rolling contact surfaces crack propagation analyse. This will help to prevent the occurrence of rail failure by taking the required action at the right time, and extend the rail life expectancy, reduce the rail maintenance work and its cost.
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Simonyan, Armen. "Drinking and Waste Water Price Specificity Formation Process in the Republic of Armenia." Advanced Materials Research 1020 (October 2014): 844–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.844.
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In the article represented specificity`s price formation process strength of technical activity hydro social cycle in the Republic of Armenia.Analysis of drinking water consumption is done with respect to three groups: standpoint of interest domestic farms, especially in industry and farmers.Industry included all subjects of services and products maker in economy, which is not included in domestic farms or agriculture fields. Appear from industry field include for example: nitrogenous factory, power generation company, banks holding, railways, hospitals and the others.Drinking water supply and waste water derivations services have six important technical directions in hydro social cycle: water intake, drinking water conditioning, drinking water distribution, waste water collecting, waste water reconditioning and derivations:Here are calculated unit cost, overhead and cross costs for each process fabrication, and corresponding its we create hypothetical named average unit cost, as well as average overhead and cross costs.In the article we analyse, that we can improve water supply options in the domestic farms, industry and agriculture fields.
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Ocakci, Elif, Jörg Niemann, Caius Luminosu, and Alin Artene. "Quality Cost and Economic Analysis. A Synthesis in the Manufacturing Systems." MATEC Web of Conferences 343 (2021): 05008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134305008.
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The paper performs a literature review on existing models and methodologies to analyse and identify the cost of quality in manufacturing systems. The review shows that existing accounting models are insufficient to identify quality cost in detail in production processes. Existing models also do not cover the entire production activities and therefore need to be extended over the entire product life cycle. The authors therefore develop a new approach by refining and extending the method of activity-based costing to make it applicable for quality cost identification. The proposed methodology can serve as a building block for a later integration into superior supply chain management systems which allow to trigger continuous quality improvements of entire production networks.
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Eskandari Sabzi, Hossein, and Pedro E. J. Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo. "Sustainable Powder-Based Additive Manufacturing Technology." Sustainability 15, no. 20 (October 20, 2023): 15081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152015081.
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A thorough exploration of sustainability in powder-based additive manufacturing (AM) is presented. This review focuses particularly on the design of sustainable alloys for AM. Environmental, economic, and social aspects of sustainability are covered. The importance of life cycle assessment (LCA) in evaluating environmental impact is discussed. LCA tools are used to analyse factors such as energy consumption, waste management, and air pollution, providing a comprehensive view of AM’s environmental footprint. Additionally, the economic dimension of sustainability is addressed through life cycle costing analysis. Production costs, energy use, and waste management are scrutinised, showcasing AM’s potential cost savings. Social life cycle assessment is introduced to assess societal impacts, focusing on worker welfare, community engagement, and overall societal well-being. A forward-looking concept of predicting sustainability before printing, using a product sustainability index, is presented. The approach emphasises environmentally responsible material selection, considering factors such as global warming potential in alloy design. This study offers a holistic approach to designing sustainable alloys and optimising AM processes through a sustainable materials science paradigm to establish the relationship amongst processing, microstructure, properties, sustainability, and performance.
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Sri Handayani, Fajar, Rheza Imam Prabowo, Aria Ramandika Kurnia, Florentina Pungky Pramesti, Mochamad Agung Wibowo, and Ary Setyawan. "User cost estimation on flexible and rigid pavement." MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 06011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819506011.
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The unsatisfactory condition of Indonesia’s local roads needs to be improved to support the national transportation network. However, construction activities to improve it often have negative impacts, among other: an increase of user cost. This article aims to calculate user cost generated by flexible and rigid pavement construction. This study was carried out on a local road in Indonesia. Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) method is used to analyse the user cost. The results show that user cost of flexible pavement construction of 10 years and 20 years’ design life are US$ 734,290 and US$ 449,830 respectively, futhermore user cost of rigid pavement construction of 10 years and 20 years’ design life are US$ 1,994,920 and US$ 1.203.640 respectively. These indicate that the longer the analysis period, the more economical the user cost.
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Yusof, N. S. B., S. M. Sapuan, M. T. H. Sultan, and M. Jawaid. "Life cycle analysis of hybrid oil palm/glass fibre-reinforced polyurethane composites for automotive crash box." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 7132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.14.3.2020.14.0559.
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Currently, the world is getting more poisonous due to the toxic contaminated and wastewater release from the industries activities. The designers should analyse the effect to the environmental and human health, prior starting any manufacturing and fabricating process. This technique able to optimize the company profit and reduced unnecessary cost by predict any consequences and do correction step before the problem emerge for every action taken. Therefore, this paper aim to provide the evidence that the selection of material and manufacturing process used to fabricate ACB has minimum impact on the environment and human health. A few methods can be used to calculate the environmental damage assessment such as network, compare and uncertainty analysis. In this study, analyse calculation method selected to predict the environmental impact. The results for the damage to human health analysis only contribute 0.0125 DALY, analysis results for the hazardous elements such as methane, trichlorofluoromethane and Chlorofluorocarbons produced during the fabrication process only 1.32 x 10-9 DALY. Besides, the major damage elements to ecosystem quality results only contribute 1.97 x 10-4 species.yr. Therefore, the remarkable results show that the process and material selection to fabricate ACB are very low which was below than 0.1 DALY. Moreover, damage assessment for the terrestrial ecotoxicity of pulforming process using oil palm natural/glass fibre reinforced polyurethane composite only contributed 1.13 × 10−10 (species.year). Consequently, the process could not damage the human health and indicates that the process is environmentally friendly and safe for the ecosystem.
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Kon, Okan. "Determination of optimum insulation thicknesses using economical analyse for exterior walls of buildings with different masses." An International Journal of Optimization and Control: Theories & Applications (IJOCTA) 7, no. 2 (July 5, 2017): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11121/ijocta.01.2017.00462.
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In this study, five different cities were selected from the five climatic zones according to Turkish standard TS 825, and insulation thicknesses of exterior walls of sample buildings were calculated by using optimization. Vertical perforated bricks with density of 550 kg/m3 and 1000 kg/m3 were chosen within the study content. Glass wool, expanded polystyrene (XPS), extruded polystyrene (EPS) were considered as insulation materials. Additionally, natural gas, coal, fuel oil and LPG were utilized as fuel for heating process while electricity was used for cooling. Life cycle cost (LCC) analysis and degree-day method were the approaches for optimum insulation thickness calculations. As a result, in case of usage vertical perforated bricks with density of 550 kg/m3 and 1000 kg/m3 resulted different values in between 0.005-0.007 m (5-7 mm) in the optimum insulation thickness calculations under different insulation materials. Minimum optimum insulation thickness was calculated in case XPS was preferred as insulation material, and the maximum one was calculated in case of using glass wool.
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Popovychenko, Iryna, Dmytro Levchinskiy, and Оlesya Kirnos. "COST MANAGEMENT OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF REAL ESTATE OBJECTS: EXPERIENCE, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS." Journal of International Legal Communication 9, no. 2 (June 23, 2023): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32612/uw.27201643.2023.9.pp.67-79.
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The authors of the article address the international experience of implementation and use of the concept of evaluation and cost management of Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Whole Life Appraisal (WLA) of real estate objects. The author’s interpretation of the issues and ways of introduction of this concept in developing countries, in particular in Ukraine, is presented. The article describes the tools and forms of public-private partnership for implementing this concept in the practice of effective functioning of socio-economic systems. Specifics of the managing life cycle costing of real estate objects basing on such approaches/ methods as development, maintenance, surveying, and concession are determined. The paper emphasizes the practical significance for all interested parties in the real estate development market of using methods of a comprehensive and systematic approach to the integrated evaluation of assets in the process of their design, construction, operation, and maintenance. The authors focus on the need for comprehensive accounting of the costs of the whole life cycle of a product (both construction products in the form of buildings and structures, and any high-tech products with a long life cycle from its design to disposal). Notable cost management methods (Kaizen Costing, Standard Costing, and Target costing) are considered, as a significant component of the LCC/WLA concept the development. The authors analyse the role of corporate investment funds, joint investment institutions, professional associations, and asset management companies in the implementation of the LCC/WLA concept in the field of real estate development. The respective statistical data (from Ukrainian practical experience) that can be used to prognosticate the impact of inflation in the construction industry are cited. The significance of database digitalization and BIM technologies in the introduction of the regarded concepts in the practice of construction and development activities is stressed.
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Ricciardi, Carlo, Adelmo Gubitosi, Donatella Vecchione, Giuseppe Cesarelli, Francesco De Nola, Roberto Ruggiero, Ludovico Docimo, and Giovanni Improta. "Comparing Two Approaches for Thyroidectomy: A Health Technology Assessment through DMAIC Cycle." Healthcare 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2022): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10010124.
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Total thyroidectomy is very common in endocrine surgery and the haemostasis can be obtained in different ways across surgery; recently, some devices have been developed to support this surgical phase. In this paper, a health technology assessment is conducted through the define, measure, analyse, improve, and control cycle of the Six Sigma methodology to compare traditional total thyroidectomy with the surgical operation performed through a new device in an overall population of 104 patients. Length of hospital stay, drain output, and time for surgery were considered the critical to qualities in order to compare the surgical approaches which can be considered equal regarding the organizational, ethical, and security impact. Statistical tests (Kolmogorov–Smirnov, t test, ANOVA, Mann–Whitney, and Kruskal–Wallis tests) and visual management diagrams were employed to compare the approaches, but no statistically significant difference was found between them. Considering these results, this study shows that the introduction of the device to perform total thyroidectomy does not guarantee appreciable clinical advantages. A cost analysis to quantify the economic impact of the device into the practice could be a future development. Healthy policy leaders and clinicians who are requested to make decisions regarding the supply of biomedical technologies could benefit from this research.
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Darus, Zamri, Mohd Nizam Ab Rahman, and Muhammad Zeeshan Rafique. "A Framework for Six-Sigma Implementation in Rubber Manufacturing Industry – An Innovation between DMAIC Cycle and Quality Improvement Tools." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 31, no. 2 (October 31, 2019): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2019-31(2)-10.
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Quality improvement tools are commonly utilised by the industries to attain quality products and benefits like reduction in scrap cost and wastes. In order to achieve the proper implementation of quality tools, a theoretically developed framework inclusive of six-sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve & Control) cycle is required. Also, the quality tools associated at each stage has thoroughly implemented on a case study which carries a real-time issue related to the quality products production. The issue has thoroughly resolved through the right application of quality tools like Failure Modes and effects analysis (FMEA) on the compression moulding technique utilised for the production of Rubber Valve Sleeve Liner (RVSL) under the umbrella of DMAIC cycle. The benefits achieved are 23.1% reduction in scrap rate, 63.8% reduction in Delivery on time (DOT) with savings gained almost RM26,880/month. The relationship between DMAIC cycle and quality tools for quality improvements under the platform of lean six sigma which is highly beneficial for academicians, practitioners and engineering managers working in this field with a limitation of implementation only in the rubber manufacturing industry. In future, the developed framework should be implemented in some other manufacturing industries.
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Tao, Yibin, Jinhua Xue, Min Xia, Jin Tao, Qichao Zhang, Xiao Li, Qiangqiang Liao, Cheng Li, and Haibo Tang. "Economic Feasibility of Echelon Utilization Battery in Photovoltaic Energy Storage." E3S Web of Conferences 194 (2020): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019402001.
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Taking the power load of an industrial park in Shanghai as an example in this paper, particle swarm optimization and cost-benefit model are employed to analyse the economy of new lithium-ion batteries, echelon lithium-ion batteries and lead-carbon batteries in photovoltaic energy storage systems in the whole life cycle. The research results showed that the economic order from large to small among different batteries in the photovoltaic energy storage system was new lithium-ion battery, echelon utilization lithium-ion battery and lead-carbon battery. The declines in energy storage cost and discount rate and the rise in peak electricity price can greatly improve the net present value of a photovoltaic-energy storage system (PV-BES) system.
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Abbott, C., K. Bishop, F. Hill, C. Finlow, and R. Maraj. "67 The Evolution of A Frailty Service." Age and Ageing 50, Supplement_1 (March 2021): i12—i42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab030.28.
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Abstract Introduction In September 2017 our frailty service was started within our medium sized DGH in North Wales. Working with our management team we secured a significant clinical resource including: We describe how resources, setting and staffing develop over a 2 year period in order to create a service which meets the needs of the local population. Method The service has been in a constant state of development since it has been in operation, utilising a PDSA model with regular meetings of clinical and managerial staff to analyse performance. Results With each new PDSA cycle the amount of patients reviewed has increased. With the move to AMU we increased the monthly number of patients reviewed from 29 to 172 patients reviewed, 97 of which were discharged directly from the unit. Conclusion Using QI methodology our Frailty Service has improved dramatically since its inception. We will continue to analyse how we work to improve patient outcomes and cost effectiveness.
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Sekhar, T. Seshadri, and M. Ram Babu. "Quality Analysis on Leaning Tower of PISA." International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 11, no. 04 (July 17, 2021): 400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.14741/ijcet/v.11.4.1.
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When it comes to Construction industry, Quality is quite important. It matters a lot to the Construction Project. The quality of a product, which relates to the perception of the degree to which the goods or services matches the customer's expectations. There are several approaches for improving the quality of construction projects. Some of the modern tools include Fish Bone Diagram, Deming Cycle, Histogram, Flowchart, Decision Matrix etc. In this Case study on the leaning tower of Pisa, the quality element of the construction is described utilising inventive and flexible tools and techniques. The Fish Bone Diagram, Deming Cycle, and Flowchart were used to analyse tower of Pisa case study. When compared to other methods of analysis, all of the approaches used yielded similar results, and the process was likewise straightforward. The cost and time it took to complete the structure would have been decreased if these tools had been approved at the time of construction.
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Marcot, C., E. Virot, N. Khayath, A. Dazy, M. Ott, and F. de Blay. "Pollution de l’air intérieur : analyse coût-efficacité." Revue Française d'Allergologie 59, no. 3 (April 2019): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reval.2019.02.206.
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Yusof, Nurizyan Khairiah, Pg Emeroylariffion Abas, T. M. I. Mahlia, and M. A. Hannan. "Techno-Economic Analysis and Environmental Impact of Electric Buses." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 1 (February 19, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12010031.
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Electric vehicles are a leading candidate in the clean energy market. This paper aims to analyse the feasibility of the deployment of electric buses (EB) based on the existing bus routes in Brunei, by the use of life cycle cost analysis and the analysis of the parameters that influence the overall life cycle cost. The findings from the study revealed that EB are significantly more expensive than diesel buses (DB), with their acquisition and maintenance costs contributing substantially to their overall life cycle cost. In order to promote EB deployment, the government needs to look simultaneously into providing subsidies for EB and imposing taxes on DB, the provision of charging infrastructure, and ensuring maintenance capability, as well as increasing the current subsidised diesel price. It was also shown that increasing the cost of diesel to the average US diesel price of USD$3.101/L, an initial subsidy of USD$67,586 towards the purchase of EB, and a tax of USD$67,586 for the purchase of DB would allow EB to compete in the market, with the amount of tax and subsidy being gradually reducible over time, as EB and battery technology becomes more mature. From an environmental perspective, the emissions from EB come out higher than the emissions from DB. The efficiency of electric power generation needs to be enhanced, and renewable energy sources and the adoption of carbon capture technology need to be explored in order to exploit the full benefit of EB and ensure more environmentally sustainable bus operation.
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Nascimento, Daniel Luiz de Mattos, Osvaldo Luiz Goncalvez Quelhas, Rodrigo Goyannes Gusmão Caiado, Guilherme Luz Tortorella, Jose Arturo Garza-Reyes, and Luis Rocha-Lona. "A lean six sigma framework for continuous and incremental improvement in the oil and gas sector." International Journal of Lean Six Sigma 11, no. 3 (September 16, 2019): 577–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlss-02-2019-0011.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore synergies between lean production (LP) and six sigma principles to propose a lean six sigma (LSS) framework for continuous and incremental improvement in the oil and gas sector. The Three-dimensional LSS framework seeks to provide various combinations about the integration between LP principles, DMAIC (define–measure–analyse–improve–control) cycle and plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle to support operations management needs. Design/methodology/approach The research method is composed of two main steps: diagnosis of current problems and proposition of a conceptual framework that qualitatively integrates synergistic aspects of LP and six sigma and analysis of the application of the construct through semi-structured interviews with leaders from oil and gas companies to assess and validate the proposed framework. Findings As a result, a conceptual framework of LSS is developed contemplating the integration of LP and six sigma and providing a systemic and holistic approach to problem-solving through continuous and incremental improvement in the oil and gas sector. Originality/value This research is different from previous studies because it integrates LP principles, DMAIC and PDCA cycles into a unique framework that fulfils a specific need of oil and gas sector. It presents a customized LSS framework that guides wastes and cost reduction while enhancing quality and reducing process variability to elevate efficiency in operations management of this sector. This is an original research that presents new and original scientific findings.
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Pawęta, S., and R. Pietrasik. "Quality-cost analysis of modern carburising technology implementation in the production cycle of cog elements for the aviation industry." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 2, no. 87 (October 1, 2017): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7448.
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Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyse the possibility of introducing vacuum carburising technology with pre-nitriding in the aviation industry. Design/methodology/approach: The samples have been tested with new technology and the planet gear requirements for aviation applications were determined. The effect of pre-nitriding technology used before vacuum carburising was also investigated for antidiffusional surface protection. A cost analysis of replacing the conventional technology with a new low-pressure carburising technology has also been introduced. Findings: Structural characteristics of the obtained layers were determined in terms of carbon concentration distribution, effective and total thicknesses, hardness of the surface and core, structure, grain size, residual austenite content and lack of decarburization and internal oxidation. The degree of degradation of various forms of anti-diffusion protections in the form of pastes and coppering and their effect on the surface layer have also been investigated. The comparative economic analysis of the use of conventional and vacuum technologies, namely the carburization in a function of the required thickness of the hardened layer and temperatures of processes, has also been made. Research limitations/implications: Basing on the studies and analyses carried out in this work, it can be concluded that the introduction of pre-nitriding carburising technology instead of conventional carburising technology in endothermic atmosphere is justified qualitatively and economically alike. Practical implications: The analysis of the test results confirms that it is possible to meet the requirements of the aviation industry through high temperature pre-nitriding vacuum carburising. The results of anti-diffusion protection tests confirm that it is possible to use anti-fouling pastes instead of electrolytic copper. Cost analysis confirms the economic benefits of implementing a new technology. The implication of the above is the willingness of the proposed technology to allow testing in the aviation industry. Originality/value: The research confirming the fulfilment of quality requirements set for hardened layers in aviation applications which also have an economic advantage.
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Sami, Hiba, Nusrat Perween, Parvez A. Khan, and Haris M. Khan. "Effect of Sample Pooling on the Cycle Threshold Value in RT-PCR Testing for COVID-19 and Logistic Savings." Open COVID Journal 1, no. 1 (July 7, 2021): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2666958702101010047.
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Background: This ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a great challenge for our health-care systems and their infrastructure. Diagnostic confirmation of infected individuals based on RT-PCR is important for the containment of viral spread because, despite high viral loads, the infection can be asymptomatic. For overcoming the issue of limited supplies in low socio-economic countries like ours, pooling of specimens was proposed as a method to screen a large number of patients. To analyse the effect of pooling of samples on the sensitivity of RT-PCR, we compared Cycle threshold (Ct) values of pools with those of the deconvoluted (individual) samples. Materials and Methods: From March 2020 to October 2020, we performed COVID-19 testing by RT-PCR on samples from areas with varying prevalence of COVID-19 referred to VRDL, JNMCH, Aligarh. For circumventing the limited availability of RNA extraction and PCR reagents, pool testing was started. 5 samples were pooled together, and these pools were tested by RT-PCR. Negative pools were reported as negative, whereas positive pools were deconvoluted, and each sample was tested individually. In this study, 408 pools comprising of 2040 samples were analysed. Observations and Results: In our study, a ΔCt value of 0.96 (i.e., an increase in Ct value in the pooled sample as compared to individual sample) was found that shows a slight loss of PCR sensitivity in pooled samples, which is relatively small compared to the inherent clinical sensitivity of the standard assay. But the cost-effectiveness and the ability to reserve resources are considerably high. Conclusion: As pooling of samples is a cost-effective way for COVID--19 testing, the slight loss in the sensitivity of RT-PCR can be overcome by considering the Ct cut-off value for positive pools slightly above the kit cut off value to circumvent the dilution effect.
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Rodrigo-Bravo, Alba, Sara Gutiérrez-Gonzalez, Verónica Calderón Carpintero, and Lourdes Alameda Cuenca-Romero. "Economic sustainability assessment of a gypsum ceiling tile with polyurethane foam waste." E3S Web of Conferences 379 (2023): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337902002.
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The amount of plastics deposited in the environment is constantly increasing. To improve their circularity, numerous research lines emerge, such as the creation of new construction materials that incorporate polymeric waste. This practice manages to extend the life cycle of the waste, avoids the consumption of limited natural resources and gives the product additional characteristics. The re-use of polyurethane foam waste as a substitute for gypsum in ceiling tiles carries technical improvements such as a decrease in the weight of the material and in its thermal conductivity, maintaining a positive fire reaction performance. The goal of this work is to analyse its economic viability. For this, the financial assessments of the PU-Gypsum product and its standard alternative are compared. The results show that the Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) of the new precast is 6% cheaper. Despite the fact that the waste processing entails an extra cost, this is widely offset by the increase in the factory’s production capacity due to its shorter drying time. The manufacturing stage represents 3/5 of the total cost for both materials. The PU-Gypsum precast is an ideal market alternative to the traditional gypsum one with improved properties and proficient in an economic level.
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Suwantika, Auliya Abdurrohim, Woro Supadmi, Mohammad Ali, and Rizky Abdulah. "Cost-effectiveness and budget impact analyses of dengue vaccination in Indonesia." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): e0009664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009664.
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Despite the fact that the incidence and mortality rates due to dengue virus (DENV) infection in Indonesia are relatively high, dengue vaccination has not yet been introduced. This study aimed to analyse the cost-effectiveness and the budget impact of dengue vaccination in Indonesia by taking the potential of pre-vaccination screening into account. An age-structured decision tree model was developed to assess the cost-effectiveness value by applying a single cohort of 4,710,100 children that was followed-up in a 10-year time horizon within a 1-year analytical cycle. The budget impact was analysed in a 5-year period (2020–2024) by considering provinces’ readiness to introduce dengue vaccine and their incidence rate of DENV infection in the last 10 years. Vaccination that was coupled with pre-vaccination screening would reduce dengue fever (DF), dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) by 188,142, 148,089 and 426 cases, respectively. It would save treatment cost at $23,433,695 and $14,091,642 from the healthcare and payer perspective, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) would be $5,733 and $5,791 per quality-adjusted-life-year (QALY) gained from both perspectives. The most influential parameters affecting the ICERs were probability of DENV infection, vaccine efficacy, under-reporting factor, vaccine price, case fatality rate and screening cost. It can be concluded that dengue vaccination and pre-vaccination screening would be cost-effective to be implemented in Indonesia. Nevertheless, it seems unaffordable to be implemented since the total required cost for the nationwide vaccination would be 94.44% of routine immunization budget.
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Sartbayev, Medet, Leila Tussupova, Irina Selezneva, Tamara Mukhamedyarova-Levina, and Elmira Yeralina. "Strategic investment management in the digital transformation of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan." RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA' 13, no. 1 (November 2023): 295–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/riss2023-001-s1019.
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The aims to analyse this issue in the context of the digitalisation of the socio-eco- nomic space of Kazakhstan's regions. The article examined the challenges and op- portunities of digitalisation for industrial enterprises. It emphasises the importance of making rational investment decisions under conditions of budget constraints. The article proposes a financing scheme for digital transformation projects using quasi- monetary and crypto-financial instruments to attract investment. It is concluded that the impact of cost savings and benefits of digital transformation of enterprises is directly reflected in the level of company capitalisation and its market value, and the financial system corresponding to the new technological cycle is a necessary condi- tion for financial sustainability.
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Diallo, Souleymane. "Natural resource wealth in sub-Saharan Africa: A boon for public investment in renewable energy?" ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 2 (November 2023): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2023-002002.
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The aim of the article is to analyse the scientific literature of the last decade on the social cost of carbon to identify and discuss the best values representing the external cost of CO2 emis-sions calculated with a damage valuation approach, to use in cost-benefit analysis and in other external costs applications, such as Life Cycle Assessment. The social cost of carbon repre-sents the present value of the global damages of climate change attributable to the emission of an additional ton of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The measurement of the social cost of carbon is fundamental in the transition to a net zero emissions economy because it allows bal-ancing the costs of investments needed for decarbonization with their benefits in terms of avoided climate damages. The paper develops and applies a method for identifying the best social cost of carbon estimates, that starts from study reviews conducted within institutional processes (IPCC, OECD, US Government bodies), to then analyse the study reviews made in academic or research contexts and only in the end it delves into selected academic studies that provide original estimates of the social cost of carbon. The method allowed to identify and dis-cuss a robust even if conservative estimate of the social cost of carbon for emissions in the period 2020-2080, recently elaborated by the US Environmental Protection Agency, that can be used worldwide, for example to update the reference external cost values for CO2 emis-sions recommended by the European Commission Handbook on external cost of transport.
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Razakamanana, Marilys Victoire, Martine Audibert, Voahirana Tantely Andrianantoandro, and Aina Harimanana. "Impact et efficience de l’intégration du diagnostic et du traitement de la pneumonie dans la prise en charge communautaire du paludisme à Madagascar." Revue économique Pub. anticipées, no. 7 (January 31, 2030): 91–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/reco.pr2.0139.
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En 2014, un programme d’intégration de la prise en charge de la pneumonie dans celle du paludisme au niveau communautaire a été mis en place à Madagascar. Cela visait à améliorer l’accessibilité aux soins grâce au recours aux agents communautaires (AC). Cet article évalue l’efficacité et l’efficience de ce programme. Deux districts ont été pris en compte, à savoir Andapa, district de contrôle qui n’a reçu que des activités de base, et Antalaha, district traité où la totalité des activités a été mise en œuvre. Une analyse d’impact basée sur la méthode de la double différence et une analyse coût-efficacité ont été effectuées. Le programme a eu un impact significatif sur la prise en charge de ces deux maladies par les AC. L’analyse coût-efficacité a démontré que le coût par cas supplémentaire traité par ces derniers est entre 8,66 et 9,68 USD. Classification JEL : I15, I12, I18.
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Bieda, B., A. Henclik, and J. Kulczycka. "Life Cycle Assessment in the Energy Generation Process - Variant Analysis in Metallurgical Industry." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 55, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 1083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-010-0010-8.
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Life Cycle Assessment in the Energy Generation Process - Variant Analysis in Metallurgical IndustryThe Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of the environmental management techniques, which aims to assess potential hazards to the environment of products, processes or entire systems. The role of LCA has been increasing as it was proposed in many EU and Polish official documents. The present paper aims to analyse the environmental impact of the process of energy generation in a boiler station (hereinafter referred to as the power plant), incorporated in the integrated mill operating in the Polish ferrous metal industry. Obtained results show that the most harmful potential for the environment presents the emission of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides - this affects the respiratory system. The following impact factors potentially affecting the production of energy in the power plant are the climate change category, carcinogenic factors and fossil fuels. Moreover, comparative study for four variants of annual operation of the power plant was performed, whereby the variants differed only by the proportion in dosage of two types of fuel: hard coal and blast furnace gas (other fuels such as natural and coke gas were left at the current levels - they are used as "starting" fuel). Using the blast furnace gas will always be less harmful alternative for the environment, as it is a waste fuel, a side product, which requires no material and energy cost to produce. The only drawback of this fuel is high carbon emission index while combusting the blast furnace gas.
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Yadav, Aditya Arvind, Pravin A. Prabhu, and Jaydeep S. Bagi. "Life cycle assessment and economical valuation of a natural convection solar greenhouse dryer in Western Maharashtra, India." Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering 6, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.30464/jmee.2022.6.1.99.
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The current study focuses on the life cycle assessment and an economic valuation of a natural convection solar greenhouse dryer in Western Maharashtra, India. The Solar Greenhouse Dryer is an active device that gains solar radiation incident on to the surface of the dryer and along with wind energy, it removes moisture from agricultural yield. The combination of solar energy and wind energy removes moisture from agricultural yield. The Solar Greenhouse Dryer is primarily used in rural settings; hence, it is very important to analyse the environmental and economic aspects associated with the dryer to obtain the maximum benefit from the dryer with less investment possible. The experiment involving a natural convection solar dryer was conducted at Bahe, Borgaon, Tal-Walwa, Dist- Sangli, Maharashtra, India located at 17.115o N and 74.33o E. The environmental parameters taken into considerations during the analysis covered energy, energy payback time and CO2 emissions, mitigation and carbon credits earned by the dryer. The economic analysis of the solar dryer consists of the annual cost of the dryer, the salvage value, the annual saving obtained and the payback period respectively.
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Fraselle, Justin, Sabine Louise Limbourg, and Laura Vidal. "Cost and Environmental Impacts of a Mixed Fleet of Vehicles." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 22, 2021): 9413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169413.
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Urban parcel delivery is increasingly restricted by regulations limiting access to certain heavy or high emitting vehicles to reduce emissions and noise pollution in cities. Cargo bikes represent an alternative solution that enables deliveries with low environmental impact, but they may represent a higher economic cost and come with constraints like battery autonomy or small loading capacity. As a transport scheme relying on bikes for the last miles with fewer externalities, it is regarded as an environmentally friendly choice, and economic sustainability is assessed. This paper aims to present the environmental and economic aspects of different delivery means of transport in European urban areas. Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is selected to analyse the environmental impact of several vehicles, allowing us to quantify the emissions according to the loading factor. The electricity mix is an important parameter and makes the results vary according to the country studied. For the economic aspect, the cost price allows us to quantify the operational cost of each means of transport. A trade-off can thus be made between the two.
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Duran, Orlando, Irene Roda, and Marco Macchi. "Linking the spare parts management with the total costs of ownership: An agenda for future research." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 9, no. 5 (December 20, 2016): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2083.
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Purpose: This manuscript explores the link between Spare Parts Management and Total Costs of Ownership or Life Cycle Costs (LCC).Design/methodology/approach: First, this work enumerates the different managerial decisions instances in spare parts management that are present during the life cycle of a physical asset. Second, we analyse how those decision instances could affect the TCO of a physical asset (from the economic point of view). Finally, we propose a conceptual framework for incorporating the spare parts management into a TCO model.Findings: The recent literature lacks discussions on the integration of spare parts management with the Total Costs of Ownership (TCO). Based in an extensive literature revision we can declare that the computation of costs related to spare parts management has been neglected by TCO models.Originality/value: The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, a literature review and identification of a series of spare parts management decision instances and its relationship with TCOs is presented in this paper. Second, a conceptual framework is suggested for linking those decisions instances to a total cost of ownership perspective. Some research questions and future research challenges are presented at the end of this work.
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Gauthier, Anne H. "Nouvelles estimations du coût de l’enfant au Canada." Articles 16, no. 2 (October 20, 2008): 187–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/600613ar.
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RÉSUMÉ Afin de pouvoir évaluer le degré auquel les politiques gouvernementales d’aide et de soutien aux familles compensent les coûts économiques reliés à la prise en charge d’un enfant, il importe de disposer d’une estimation du coût de l’enfant. Dans cet article, l’auteur présente un nouveau modèle d’estimation de ce coût, et l’applique aux données de l’enquête de Statistique Canada sur les dépenses des familles en 1982. La première partie décrit les développements méthodologiques et théoriques ayant permis l’obtention de ce modèle, et la deuxième analyse les estimations du coût de l’enfant selon son âge et son rang, pour des familles de niveaux de vie différents.
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Aparicio, Frederic, Jesús A. Sánchez-Navarro, and Vicente Pallás. "In vitro and in vivo mapping of the Prunus necrotic ringspot virus coat protein C-terminal dimerization domain by bimolecular fluorescence complementation." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 1745–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81696-0.
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Interactions between viral proteins are critical for virus viability. Bimolecular fluorescent complementation (BiFC) technique determines protein interactions in real-time under almost normal physiological conditions. The coat protein (CP) of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus is required for multiple functions in its replication cycle. In this study, the region involved in CP dimerization has been mapped by BiFC in both bacteria and plant tissue. Full-length and C-terminal deleted forms of the CP gene were fused in-frame to the N- and C-terminal fragments of the yellow fluorescent protein. The BiFC analysis showed that a domain located between residues 9 and 27 from the C-end plays a critical role in dimerization. The importance of this C-terminal region in dimer formation and the applicability of the BiFC technique to analyse viral protein interactions are discussed.
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Ongkunaruk, Pornthipa, and Wimonrat Wongsatit. "An ECRS-based line balancing concept: a case study of a frozen chicken producer." Business Process Management Journal 20, no. 5 (August 26, 2014): 678–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bpmj-05-2013-0063.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to improve the productivity of a large-sized frozen chicken manufacturer in Thailand. It analyses the production process based on work study principles and identifies the bottleneck operation. It develops three models for the chicken preparation process. Design/methodology/approach – First, analyse the current production system by collecting the cycle time of all operations in the production process based on work study principles. Then, design the production network and identify the bottleneck operation. After that, three methods – based on line balancing (LB), theory of constraints, and JIT concepts or ECRS (eliminate, combine, rearrange and simplify) – are proposed and implemented in the actual production line. Findings – With the ECRS concept, the authors implement combine by combining two stations into one station, such as handling and weighing, or weighing batter and mixing it with chicken. Then, Simplify is implemented at job E, or transporting chicken using a cart instead of walking. This method can improve the cycle time and reduce the number of employees. It can increase the line efficiency by up to 94.20 per cent, reduce the number of employees by 14 persons, and reduce the labour cost by 356,160 baht/year. Originality/value – Most agro-industry manufacturing processes are labour intensive. Thus, production LB can help increase productivity and reduce costs. The authors found that the case study company designed the production line without aligning it with the production network. A simple improvement can be made by adjusting the sequence of the work. In addition, the current production line was not lean. Implementation of the ECRS concept to improve production can reduce the waiting time and simplify the job.
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Yazawa, Kazuaki, and Ali Shakouri. "D135 Exergy Analysis of Cost Effective Thermoelectric Topping Cycles." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2014.19 (2014): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2014.19.137.
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Diop, Cheikh Tacko. "Analyse des coûts par type d’intervention chirurgicale au Centre de Chirurgie Cardio Pédiatrique du CHU de Fann." Mali Santé Publique 11, no. 1 (August 4, 2021): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53318/msp.v11i1.1893.
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Introduction : Un centre spécialisé dédié à la chirurgie cardio-pédiatrique a vu le jour au sein du CHU de Fann en 2018 pour améliorer la prise en charge des enfants atteints de cardiopathies du Sénégal et de la sous-région. Une analyse des coûts des interventions a été réalisée. L’objectif de l’étude était de déterminer le coût par type d’intervention et proposer un tarif forfaitaire accessible aux patients. Méthodologie : Des données quantitatives et qualitatives relatives aux interventions menées dans le centre ont été collectées de manière rétrospective pour estimer le coût de chacune d’elle. Il s’agissait des actes réalisés, des consommables, médicaments, ressources humaines requises, la durée moyenne des interventions…. L’analyse des données a été réalisée avec le logiciel Sphynx. Pour chaque type d’intervention les coûts médicaux directs et indirects ont été estimés. Le coût Moyen estimé a été par la suite comparé au tarif forfaitaire initialement appliqué avant cette étude Résultats : Selon le type d’intervention, le coût variait entre 1.777.343 FCFA ( 2.709 €) pour une intervention à cœur fermé sans implant et 4.700.121 FCFA ( 7.164 €) pour les interventions avec deux prothèses biologiques et un anneau. Le forfait initialement fixé à 3.500.000 FCFA ( 5.335 €) permettrait d’équilibrer les comptes du Centre de Chirurgie Cardio Pédiatrique CUOMO (CCPC). Conclusion : Cette étude a permis d’estimer le coût de chaque intervention chirurgicale menée au Centre de Chirurgie Pédiatrique CUOMO (CCPC). Les coûts de remplacement de valve sont supérieurs au tarif forfaitaire appliqué. Une subvention, de la part des partenaires ou de l’État, est donc nécessaire pour maintenir le forfait au même niveau.
Mots clés : coûts, chirurgie cardio-pédiatrique, Sénégal.