Journal articles: 'Analyse des circuits'

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Flatscher, Matthias, Markus Neumayer, Thomas Bretterklieber, and Hannes Wegleiter. "Transmission Lines in Capacitance Measurement Systems: An Investigation of Receiver Structures." Sensors 23, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031148.

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Dielectric sensing based on capacitive measurement technology is a favourable measurement approach in many industries and fields of application. From an electrical point of view, a coupling capacitance must be measured in the presence of stray capacitances. Different receiver circuit structures have been proposed for the underlying displacement current measurement. Ideally, the sensor assembly is directly connected to the sensor circuitry to minimize the influence with respect to these parasitic capacitances. However, under harsh operating conditions, e.g., at high temperatures, the sensor and the receiver circuit must be separated in order to protect the electronics. Consequently, the receiver circuit and the sensor have to be connected by cables, e.g., coaxial cables. The measurement setup differs significantly from the ideal design with a direct connection. In this paper, we investigate the behaviour of three common measurement circuits for capacitive measurements in instrumentations with cables. We study the interaction between the sensor and the electronics and analyse the operating behaviour of the circuit, as well as the operating states of the amplifiers used. We also address cross-sensitivities in the sensor design due to stray capacitances. The analyses are carried out for different cable lengths and measuring frequencies, and conditions for the usability of the circuit are deduced. In addition to the operational behaviour, we also evaluate the circuits by means of a noise analyses. Based on this analysis, we show a direct comparison of the circuits. The analysis is based on simulation studies, as well as collaborative measurements on test circuits where all circuit parameters are provided. The test circuits are realized with dedicated state-of-the-art circuit elements and, together with the analysis approach and the results, thus provide a basis for future developments.

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Fouad Hanna, Victor, Joseph Achkar, Odile Picon, Jacques Citerne, M’hamed Drissi, and Chakir Amrani. "Analyse de Circuits Passifs en Technologie Microruban Suspendu." Annales Des Télécommunications 47, no. 11-12 (November 1992): 515–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02998314.

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ARYA, SUNIL, MORDECAI J. GOLIN, and KURT MEHLHORN. "On the Expected Depth of Random Circuits." Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 8, no. 3 (May 1999): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096354839900382x.

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In this paper we analyse the expected depth of random circuits of fixed fanin f. Such circuits are built a gate at a time, with the f inputs of each new gate being chosen randomly from among the previously added gates. The depth of the new gate is defined to be one more than the maximal depth of its input gates. We show that the expected depth of a random circuit with n gates is bounded from above by ef ln n and from below by 2.04 … f ln n.

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Mihaylenko, V., J. Chunyak, and V. Bachinskiy. "Analysis of processes in converter with eleven zone regulation output voltage." POWER ENGINEERING: economics, technique, ecology, no. 3 (April 6, 2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/1813-5420.3.2020.228610.

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Analysis of the electromagnetic processes is organized beside this article in electric circuit with semiconductor commutator . Mathematical model is created for analysis electro-magnetic processes in semiconductor converter with width pulsed regulation of the output voltage. The broughted graphs, which reflect the electromagnetic processes in electric circuit. Method much parametric functions was used when performing calculation. The mathematical model of the converter is created for eleven zoned regulations of the output voltage. Article is devoted to the development of a method of multi-parametric modulating functions by means of working out of new mathematical models and definition of functions and the algorithmic equations for the analysis on sub- system components of electromagnetic processes in electric circuits of variable structure with sinusoidal, direct and pulsing voltage. Introduction of functions with discrete parameters in the algorithmic equations for analysis of processes in circuits with semiconductor commutators simplifies modeling on subsystem components. The mathematical model of steady-state processes and transients in electric circuits of semiconductor converters of modulation type with multi-channel zonal use of phase and line voltages of a three-phase network of power supplies is developed. The mathematical model of electric circuits of thyristor shapers of electro-discharge pulses for the analysis and the matching of capacitors charging modes with decrease several times of electric resistance of technological load is also created. The obtained results have a great value for development theoretical electrical engineering in a direction of simplification of calculations of electromagnetic processes in electric circuits with semi-conductor converters of the electric power. The Electromagnetic processes in electric circuit under width- pulse regulation possible to analyse with use the algorithmic equations multivariable function, which argument are a system parameters semiconductor commutator, signal of control, phases to network of the power supply and time. Introduction multivariable function with discrete parameter in algorithmic equations of the analysis formed and connecting processes in electric circuit of the variable structure allows to reflect change of this structure under system components, simplifying modeling and analysis of such processes to account of the generalization of the got equations. Except specified correlations and diagrams designed model allows to analyse forms of the output voltages and current of the separate power modules.

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Li, Quan. "To Prosecute or Not to Prosecute, That is the Question: Agency Litigation under the Influence of Appellate Courts." Canadian Journal of Political Science 45, no. 1 (March 2012): 185–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423911000953.

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Abstract. This article examines how institutional uncertainty within the US federal circuit courts influences regulatory agencies' enforcement choices of prosecution or non-prosecution. I argue that the circuits' random assignment of judges and cases creates institutional uncertainty in terms of variation in each circuit's possible rulings with respect to the bureaucracy's policy position. This, in turn, affects agencies' probability of prosecution because the high degree of uncertainty will discourage prosecution, given its cost. In other words, agencies reduce their exposure to judicial review by avoiding prosecution. I use ideological variance within the circuits as a proxy for measuring the circuit courts' internal group dynamics. Large ideological variance indicates high institutional uncertainty and consequently leads to fewer numbers of prosecutions by the bureaucracy. The empirical results based on the prosecution record of the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice from 1950 to 1994 strongly support the theory.Résumé. L'article analyse comment l'imprévisibilité des décisions judiciaires au niveau des cours d'appel fédérales de circuit influence les décisions par les agences publiques de poursuivre les contrevenants à la règlementation. Je montre que l'attribution des juges et des causes par loterie crée de l'incertitude quant à l'issue des poursuites. L'incertitude réduit la probabilité que les agences publiques entament des poursuites judiciaires étant donné le coût élevé de celles-ci. En d'autres termes, les agences publiques atténuent l'implémentation de la règlementation par crainte de perdre devant des tribunaux imprévisibles. J'utilise une mesure de variance idéologique pour quantifier la dynamique de groupe à l'intérieur des circuits judiciaires. Une grande variance idéologique signifie un résultat incertain et mène à un nombre réduit de poursuites initiées par les agences publiques. Les données empiriques, provenant des registres de la Division Anti-trust du Ministère de la Justice des États-Unis pour la période s'étendant de 1950 à 1994, soutiennent fortement la théorie.

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Marani, R., and A. G. Perri. "Review—Thermal Effects in the Design of CNTFET-Based Digital Circuits." ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 041006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ac63e6.

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In this paper we review a method to analyse the thermal effects in the design of CNTFET-based digital circuits, enhancing a compact model, already proposed by us, in which the temperature variation in the drain current equation and in energy band gap is considered. At first the impact of temperature variations on design parameters of CNTFET is shown, with particular reference to the output and trans-characteristics, the output resistance, the transconductance. Then, using ADS software, the effects of temperature variations in the design of some digital circuits, are illustrated and widely discussed, emphasizing that the reviewed procedure can easily be applied to any other circuit based on CNTFET.

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Quinones, Gloria, and Iris Duhn. "Circuits of sympathy: Posthuman child, vibrant forces, things and places." Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood 23, no. 3 (September 2022): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14639491221117223.

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New materialism has the potential to deepen critical engagement between vibrant things, everyday places and intra-actions between humans and non-humans in early childhood education. This article explores Australian pre-service teachers’ understandings of children and childhood when encountering the vibrant forces of things and places. The authors explore Jane Bennett's ‘circuits of sympathy’ to analyse the atmospheric forces encountered in pre-service teachers’ engagement with new materialism in their final year of study. Their research is guided by the following question: What happens when pre-service teachers conceptualise the posthuman child, things and places as related through circuits of sympathy? The authors suggest that sympathy, considered as a transformative agentic force, can generate connectivity across ideas, matter and practices, and adds depth and new perspectives to understandings of the posthuman child, with the result that new figurations of childhood emerge in this investigation. They conclude by discussing the implications of their study for posthuman research and how circuits of sympathy bring new atmospheric forces to childhood. The posthuman child, embedded in circuits of sympathy, is neither individualised nor collectivised but immersed in, and produced by, the circuit and its flows and disruptions. The modes and qualities of sympathy in the circuit shape what happens next: encounters that are sympathetically charged, are set to create new circuits of sympathy in their next encounters.

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Khatibi, Mahmood, and Hasan Modir Shanechi. "Using a modified Modal Series to analyse weakly nonlinear circuits." International Journal of Electronics 102, no. 9 (November 25, 2014): 1457–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207217.2014.982212.

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Bremer, J. K., C. Zemko, J. Schmackers, and W. Mathis. "Analyse und Entwurf von hochbitratigen Clock-and-Data-Recovery Schaltungen in CMOS-Technologie." Advances in Radio Science 5 (June 13, 2007): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-5-215-2007.

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Abstract. In dieser Arbeit wird ein neuartiges Schaltungskonzept für die Realisierung eines Phasendetektors einer Clock-and-Data-Recovery Schaltung vorgestellt. Es handelt sich hierbei um eine nichtlineare Phasendetektorarchitektur, die nach dem Verfahren von Alexander arbeitet. Um die Funktionalität des Phasendetektors im Hochfrequenzbereich zu gewährleisten, wurden in dem Design sehr schnell schaltende HLO-Flip-Flops (high-speed latching operation flip-flop) verwendet. Ein wesentliches Entwurfsziel war die Begrenzung des selbstgenerierten Jitters des Phasendetektors. Der Schaltungsentwurf wurde mit der Simulationsumgebung Cadence Spectre durchgeführt und die Funktionalität der Schaltung im GHz-Bereich anhand von ausgewählten Simulationen verifiziert. This paper presents a novel realization concept for Clock-and-Data-Recovery circuits. Our Design uses a nonlinear phase detector architecture, which is based on the Alexander phase detection method. In order to ensure circuit functionality in the RF region, we use very fast switching HLO-Flip-Flops (high-speed latching operation flip-flop) in our design. The primal goal in our design was the minimization of self induced jitter of the phase detector. The accuracy of our circuit design and the functionality in the GHz regime is confirmed by various circuit simulations executed with the SPECTRE Simulator.

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Мihaylenko, V., J. Chunyak, K. Trubitsin, and V. Bachynskiy. "MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF A TWELVE-PULSE CONVERTER WITH SIXTEEN ZONE CONTROL OF THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND ACTIVE-INDUCTIVE LOADS." Collection of scholarly papers of Dniprovsk State Technical University (Technical Sciences) 2, no. 37 (April 23, 2021): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31319/2519-2884.37.2020.13.

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Analysis of the electromagnetic processes is organized in this article in electric circuit with semiconductor commutator. Mathematical model twelve pulses of the converter is created for analysis of the electromagnetic processes in semiconductor converter with width-pulse regulation of the output voltage. The broughted graphs, which reflect the electromagnetic processes in electric circuit. Method multivariable function was used when performing calculation. The mathematical model of the converter is created for five zoned regulations of the output voltage. Using method multivariable function was found current and voltage of the load, as well as input currents of the converter. The load of the converter has actively inductive nature. Article is devoted to the development of a method of multi-parametric modulating functions by means of working out of new mathematical models and definition of functions and the algorithmic equations for the analysis on sub-system components of electromagnetic processes in electric circuits of variable structure with sinusoidal, direct and pulsing voltage. Introduction of functions with discrete parameters in the algorithmic equations for analysis of processes in circuits with semiconductor commutators simplifies modeling on subsystem components. The mathematical model of steady-state processes and transients in electric circuits of semiconductor converters of modulation type with multi-channel zonal use of phase and line voltages of a three-phase network of power supplies is developed. The mathematical model of electric circuits of thyristor shapers of electro-discharge pulses for the analysis and the matching of capacitors charging modes with decrease several times of electric resistance of technological load is also created. The obtained results have a great value for development theoretical electrical engineering in a direction of simplification of calculations of electromagnetic processes in electric circuits with semi-conductor converters of the electric power. The electromagnetic processes in electric circuit under width-pulse regulation possible to analyse with use the algorithmic equations multivariable function, which argument are a system parameters semiconductor commutator, signal of control, phases to network of the power supply and time. Introduction multivariable function with discrete parameter in algorithmic equations of the analysis formed and connecting processes in electric circuit of the variable structure allows to reflect change of this structure under system components, simplifying modeling and analysis of such processes to account of the generalization of the got equations. Except specified correlations and diagrams designed model allows to analyse forms of the output voltages and current of the separate power modules.

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Ahammed, Syed Riyaz, and Ayyappan Susila Praveen. "Optimization parameters effects on electrical conductivity of 3D printed circuits fabricated by direct ink writing method using functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes and polyvinyl alcohol conductive ink." International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization 12 (2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2021007.

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Fabrication of electronic circuits and the effects of optimization parameters on electrical conductivity of the printed circuits fabricated by direct ink writing method (D.I.W); one of the novel methods in 3D printing technologies is discussed in this work. This paper focuses on fabrication of electronic circuits using F-MWCNT/PVA conductive ink and analyses the effect of input printing process parameters namely nozzle diameter, extrusion pressure, printing speed on evaluating the electrical conductivity. Box–Behnken approach is followed to generate the levels of experiments and the performance of developed model is assessed using ANOVA. Response surface method is incorporated to find the influencing parameters on electrical conductivity response. Two-point probe measurement method is performed to analyse the output response of the printed electronic circuits. Optimized printing parameters such as nozzle diameter of 0.8 mm, extrusion pressure of 0.1 MPa and printing speed of 4 mm/sec are found to be the best the for printing electronic circuits with high electrical conductivity.

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Garvie, Michael, Ittai Flascher, Andrew Philippides, Adrian Thompson, and Phil Husbands. "Evolved Transistor Array Robot Controllers." Evolutionary Computation 28, no. 4 (December 2020): 677–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/evco_a_00272.

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For the first time, a field programmable transistor array (FPTA) was used to evolve robot control circuits directly in analog hardware. Controllers were successfully incrementally evolved for a physical robot engaged in a series of visually guided behaviours, including finding a target in a complex environment where the goal was hidden from most locations. Circuits for recognising spoken commands were also evolved and these were used in conjunction with the controllers to enable voice control of the robot, triggering behavioural switching. Poor quality visual sensors were deliberately used to test the ability of evolved analog circuits to deal with noisy uncertain data in realtime. Visual features were coevolved with the controllers to automatically achieve dimensionality reduction and feature extraction and selection in an integrated way. An efficient new method was developed for simulating the robot in its visual environment. This allowed controllers to be evaluated in a simulation connected to the FPTA. The controllers then transferred seamlessly to the real world. The circuit replication issue was also addressed in experiments where circuits were evolved to be able to function correctly in multiple areas of the FPTA. A methodology was developed to analyse the evolved circuits which provided insights into their operation. Comparative experiments demonstrated the superior evolvability of the transistor array medium.

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Fleischmann, Alexander. "Circuits neuronaux et comportement. Analyse génétique de traitement olfactif et fonction." L’annuaire du Collège de France, no. 112 (April 1, 2013): 894–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/annuaire-cdf.1088.

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Tellache, Mohamed, Youcef Lamhene, Brahim Haraoubia, and Henri Baudrand. "Application of wave concept iterative process to analyse microwave planar circuits." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 29, no. 3-4 (May 27, 2009): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-2009-1007.

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Jantscher, Klemens, Christoph Breitfuß, Martin Miklau, Khaled Ismail, and Peter Dobusch. "Virtual Detection of Mechanically Induced Short Circuits in a Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Based on Finite Element Simulation." Batteries 7, no. 4 (November 17, 2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries7040079.

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are commonly used in today’s electric vehicles. Studying their behaviour under mechanical loading, including short circuits, is vital for vehicle safety. This paper covers three major topics, (1) a general literature review for the state-of-the-art of LIBs, (2) physical cell tests for model validation are performed, wherein the occurrence of short circuits is detected and (3) creating a finite element model (FEM) of an 18650 cylindrical LIB using the most recent testing and simulation techniques. A variety of short-circuit criteria based on stresses, strains and geometric parameters have been implemented in the simulation and compared to the test results. It will be demonstrated that a combination of two geometric criteria, in the radial and axial directions of the cell, is best suited for virtual short-circuit detection in the simulation. Finally, the short-circuit criteria are implemented in a post-processing tool that allows fast short-circuit analysis of cells of different loadings. In the future, this method of short-circuit detection will be used to analyse an assembly of several battery cells such as, for instance, an automotive or maritime battery pack. Furthermore, the developed method enables mechanical integration with respect to crash safety in vehicles.

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Pant, Pragya, Nihal Shrivastava, Muskan Arora, and Ruchi Paliwal. "Wilkinson Power Divider." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51432.

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Abstract: The basic design of a power divider with two symmetrical quarter-wavelength branches that provide matching conditions at all of its ports is the focus of the research. Fr4 was chosen as the design's substrate, and 2.9 GHz is the operating frequency for the circuit. The structure of the power divider rules, which were derived from a circuit-theoretic analysis of AC power-flow expressions, reflects the topology and voltage profile of the network. We show how the power divider laws can be used to analyse power networks. The Wilkinson Power Divider has several uses, including feeding circuits for antenna arrays and measurementsystems

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Elwakil, A. S. "Motivating Two-Port Network Analysis through Elementary and Advanced Examples." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 47, no. 4 (October 2010): 404–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijeee.47.4.5.

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We seek to motivate the use of two-port network circuit analysis techniques by proposing two examples: one is elementary, the other is advanced. In particular, we start by deriving the transmission matrices for small-signal equivalent models of the BJT and MOS transistors. We then proceed to the first example where we explain the function of a Gyrator in a very clear way aided by Spice simulations. In the second more advanced example, we show how to systematically analyse the classical Cascode amplifier in a general way that is independent of whether it is realized using a BJT or a MOS transistor. The two examples highlight the strength and generality of the not-so-popular two-port network analysis which is usually introduced to undergraduate students much later than other circuit analysis techniques. This delay results in a preference for using mesh and nodal techniques to model and analyse electronic circuits.

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Nilsson, Joakim, Johan Borg, and Jonny Johansson. "Maximal Q Factor for an On-Chip, Fuse-Based Trimmable Capacitor." Electronics 8, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8010062.

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This paper presents a circuit for realising a fuse-programmable capacitor on-chip. The trimming mechanism is implemented using integrated circuit fuses which can be blown in order to lower the resulting equivalent capacitance. However, for integrated circuits, the non-zero fuse resistance for active fuses and finite fuse resistance for blown fuses limit the Q factor of the resulting capacitor. In this work, we present a method on how to arrange the fuses in order to achieve maximal worst-case Q factor for the given circuit topology given the process parameters and requirements on capacitance. We also analyse and discuss the accuracy and limitations of the topology with regard to fuse resistance and parasitic elements such as bond pads.

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Koury Costa, Gustavo, and Nariman Sepehri. "A Critical Analysis of Valve-Compensated Hydrostatic Actuators: Qualitative Investigation." Actuators 8, no. 3 (July 30, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act8030059.

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Hydrostatic actuation has gained interest from both academia and industry due to the unquestionable energetic advantages when compared to valve-controlled actuators; the main feature being the absence of throttling losses due to the direct control of the cylinder by the pump. However, the fact that the great majority of applications are based on single-rod cylinders has been both a challenge and a source of inspiration for a variety of different circuit designs. In an attempt to compensate for the uneven flows coming in and out of differential cylinders, several solutions have been proposed, including the use of hydraulic transformers, individual pumps connected to the cylinder ports or pumps with unmatched input and output flows. The simplest approach, however, seems to be the use of compensation valves in the circuit, which is the focus of this paper. Here, we analyse some representative circuits proposed along the years in a direct and elucidative manner, showing that the definitive solution to the single-rod actuator control problem has been established, paving the road for introducing stable and trustworthy circuits, which can be commercially used in the near future.

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Mateos-Angulo, Sergio, Javier del Pino, Daniel Mayor-Duarte, Mario San-Miguel-Montesdeoca, and Sunil L. Khemchandani. "Single-Event Transients in an IEEE 802.15.4 RF Receiver for Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensors 20, no. 16 (August 6, 2020): 4399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164399.

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This paper presents a procedure to analyse the effects of radiation in an IEEE 802.15.4 RF receiver for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Specifically, single-event transients (SETs) represent one of the greatest threats to the adequate performance of electronic communication devices in high-radiation environments. The proposed procedure consists in injecting current pulses in sensitive nodes of the receiver and analysing how they propagate through the different circuits that form the receiver. In order to perform this analysis, a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) low-IF receiver has been designed using a 0.18 μm technology from the foundry UMC. In order to analyse the effect of single-event transients in this receiver, it has been studied how current pulses generated in the low-noise amplifier propagate down the receiver chain. The effect of the different circuits that form the receiver on this kind of pulse has been studied prior to the analysis of the complete receiver. First, the effect of SETs in low-noise amplifiers was analysed. Then, the propagation of pulses through mixers was studied. The effect of filters in the analysed current pulses has also been studied. Regarding the analysis of the designed RF receiver, an amplitude and phase shift was observed under the presence of SETs.

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Quintal-Palomo, Roberto Eduardo, Maciej Gwozdziewicz, and Mateusz Dybkowski. "Modelling and co-simulation of a permanent magnet synchronous generator." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 38, no. 6 (October 24, 2019): 1904–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-12-2018-0501.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to obtain an accurate methodology for modelling and analysis of the permanent magnet synchronous generator connected to power electronic components. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents the methodology of the co-simulation of a permanent magnet synchronous generator. It combines Simulink, Maxwell and Simplorer software to demonstrate the electrical machine behaviour connected with the power electronics’ circuit. The finite element analysis performed on the designed machine exhibit a more accurate behaviour over simplified Simulink models. Results between both simulation and co-simulation are compared to measurements. Findings The co-simulation approach offers a more accurate depiction of the machine behaviour and its interaction with the non-linear circuits. Research limitations/implications This paper focuses on the interior permanent magnet type of PMSG and its interaction with a passive rectifier (nonlinear circuit). Practical implications The advanced capabilities of the co-simulation method allow to analyse more variations (geometry, materials, etc.), and its interaction with non-linear circuits, than previous simulation techniques. Originality/value The co-simulation as a tool for analysis and design of systems interconnected with unconventional and conventional electrical machines and prototypes, and the comparison of the obtained results with classical analysis and design methods, against measurements obtained from the prototype.

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Sassen, Saskia. "Vers une analyse alternative de la mondialisation : les circuits de survie et leurs acteurs." Cahiers du Genre 40, no. 1 (2006): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cdge.040.0067.

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BA, Idrissa. "Le commerce transsaharien et ses logiques d’accommodation par rapport au commerce transatlantique entre le XVe et le XIXe siècle." Varia Historia 36, no. 71 (August 2020): 329–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-87752020000200004.

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Résumé Entre le XIVe et le XVe siècle, le Portugal et l’Espagne ont fini de mûrir les conditions technologiques et pré-capitalistiques qui leur permettront d’initier l’ouverture atlantique et la mise en place du commerce transatlantique. Face à cette nouvelle donne, le commerce transsaharien s’adapte par différentes modalités d’accommodation qui vont s’intensifier et se complexifier jusqu’au XIXe siècle. Ce papier identifie et étudie ces modalités d’accommodation en s’appuyant sur une analyse historiographique: superposition de circuits commerciaux, naissance de circuits religieux, captage de nouveaux produits commerciaux, signature de nouveaux traités, initiation du shurbubba

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Montoya, Francisco G., Raúl Baños, Alfredo Alcayde, Francisco Manuel Arrabal-Campos, and Javier Roldán Pérez. "Geometric Algebra Framework Applied to Symmetrical Balanced Three-Phase Systems for Sinusoidal and Non-Sinusoidal Voltage Supply." Mathematics 9, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 1259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9111259.

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This paper presents a new framework based on geometric algebra (GA) to solve and analyse three-phase balanced electrical circuits under sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal conditions. The proposed approach is an exploratory application of the geometric algebra power theory (GAPoT) to multiple-phase systems. A definition of geometric apparent power for three-phase systems, that complies with the energy conservation principle, is also introduced. Power calculations are performed in a multi-dimensional Euclidean space where cross effects between voltage and current harmonics are taken into consideration. By using the proposed framework, the current can be easily geometrically decomposed into active- and non-active components for current compensation purposes. The paper includes detailed examples in which electrical circuits are solved and the results are analysed. This work is a first step towards a more advanced polyphase proposal that can be applied to systems under real operation conditions, where unbalance and asymmetry is considered.

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Kleiman, Diana Leonor, María del Rosario Etchechoury, and Paul Puleston. "A Simple Method for Impasse Points Detection in Nonlinear Electrical Circuits." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2613890.

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In a nonlinear system, impasse points are singularities beyond which solutions are not continuable. In this article, we study two families of nonlinear electrical circuits, which can be represented by nonlinear Implicit Differential Equations. We set conditions that ensure the existence of impasse points in both families of circuits. In the literature, there exist general results to analyse the presence of such singularities in given differential equations of this type. However, the method proposed in this work allows detecting their existence in these electrical topologies in an extremely straightforward way, as illustrated by the examples of application.

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Thomas, René. "Analyse et synthèse de systèmes à dynamique chaotique en terme de circuits de rétroaction (feedback)." Bulletin de la Classe des sciences 7, no. 1 (1996): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/barb.1996.27702.

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Métioui, Abdeljalil, and Jude Levasseur. "Analyse des raisonnements d’élèves sur les circuits en courant continu et les lois de Kirchhoff." RDST, no. 3 (October 15, 2011): 155–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rdst.406.

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Ugaglia, Adeline Alonso, David Carayon, Bernard Del’homme, Marie Lemarié-Boutry, and Frédéric Zahm. "Analyse compréhensive de la performance globale des exploitations agricoles en circuits courts et de proximité." Économie rurale, no. 382 (December 31, 2022): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/economierurale.10568.

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Sarpeshkar, R. "Analog synthetic biology." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2012 (March 28, 2014): 20130110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2013.0110.

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We analyse the pros and cons of analog versus digital computation in living cells. Our analysis is based on fundamental laws of noise in gene and protein expression, which set limits on the energy, time, space, molecular count and part-count resources needed to compute at a given level of precision. We conclude that analog computation is significantly more efficient in its use of resources than deterministic digital computation even at relatively high levels of precision in the cell. Based on this analysis, we conclude that synthetic biology must use analog, collective analog, probabilistic and hybrid analog–digital computational approaches; otherwise, even relatively simple synthetic computations in cells such as addition will exceed energy and molecular-count budgets. We present schematics for efficiently representing analog DNA–protein computation in cells. Analog electronic flow in subthreshold transistors and analog molecular flux in chemical reactions obey Boltzmann exponential laws of thermodynamics and are described by astoundingly similar logarithmic electrochemical potentials. Therefore, cytomorphic circuits can help to map circuit designs between electronic and biochemical domains. We review recent work that uses positive-feedback linearization circuits to architect wide-dynamic-range logarithmic analog computation in Escherichia coli using three transcription factors, nearly two orders of magnitude more efficient in parts than prior digital implementations.

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Singh, Sudheshwar, Avinash Gavel, and Dr H. R. Suryawanshi. "Bending Energy of Electric Dipole using Geometric Orientation Method." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 1196–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49223.

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Abstract: Heat is the lower form of energy and work is the higher one. In every electrical, mechanical or electro-mechanical circuits energy is assumed to be conserved. Similarly, in magnetic and electrical circuits charge and potential difference are tried to be conserved. In this paper, we will analyse the different propagations of electro-static charges so that the main component of electric energy field (i.e. electric dipole moment) can be quantified for every orientation & trajectory of electric charge couple. A general formula for bending of the magnet is derived using direct geometric method. In this the magnetic dipole of a solide ferromagnetic within the Curie temperature is represented.

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Claude Mutiganda, Jean. "Circuits of power and accountability during institutionalisation of competitive tendering in public sector organisations." Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management 11, no. 2 (June 10, 2014): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qram-04-2014-0034.

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Purpose – This study aims to analyse the role of circuits of power in institutionalising competitive tendering in public sector organisations and effects on accountability among public decision makers. Design/methodology/approach – The study used intensive field research data based on interviews, meeting observations and document analysis in a city, referred to as Sunset City, in Finland from 2008 to 2013. Findings – The relationship between institutionalisation of competitive tendering and accountability for total costs of public services depends on how public officials use management accounting and control systems to limit procurement risks and how political decision makers hold public officials to account. This study uses the concept of organisational outflanking within the circuits of power to analyse and explain the finding of ceremonial accountability. Research limitations/implications – Empirical findings cannot be generalised to other situations, but the theoretical framework used in this study can be applied elsewhere. Practical implications – It is advisable to avoid institutionalising macro-institutional market-based mechanisms, such as open competitive tendering in public health care organisations and municipalities in the EU, the consequences of which in terms of total costs, quality of services and accountability among organisational actors at local levels cannot be foreseen, minimised or controlled. Originality/value – This study uses the framework of circuits of power to extend the Burns and Scapens institutional framework to accountability for using public funds in outsourcing services during the ongoing financial crisis.

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Boughanmi, Walid, Jean-Paul Manata, and Daniel Roger. "Analyse de cycle de vie comparative des structures de circuits magnétiques des machines à courant alternatif." European Journal of Electrical Engineering 16, no. 5-6 (December 30, 2013): 529–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/ejee.16.529-547.

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François-Lecompte, Agnès, Isabelle Prim-Allaz, Morgane Innocent, and Dominique Kreziak. "Confinement et approvisionnement alimentaire local auprès des circuits courts : une analyse sous l’angle de la proximité." Management & Avenir N° 130, no. 4 (July 25, 2022): 157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mav.130.0157.

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Reutter, David J., and Jamie Vicary. "Shaded tangles for the design and verification of quantum circuits." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2224 (April 2019): 20180338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2018.0338.

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We give a scheme for interpreting shaded tangles as quantum circuits, with the property that if two shaded tangles are ambient isotopic, their corresponding computational effects are identical. We analyse 11 known quantum procedures in this way—including entanglement manipulation, error correction and teleportation—and in each case present a fully topological formal verification, yielding generalized procedures in some cases. We also use our methods to identify two new procedures, for topological state transfer and quantum error correction. Our formalism yields in some cases significant new insight into how the procedures work, including a description of quantum entanglement arising from topological entanglement of strands, and a description of quantum error correction where errors are ‘trapped by bubbles’ and removed from the shaded tangle.

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35

Savastre, Alexandru, Catalin Nutu, and Iulia Tomozei. "Pneumatic Stopper Cylinder: A Brief Overview." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 7 (July 5, 2023): 5–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230712.

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The present article aims to increase knowledge of stopper cylinders with return spring. A stopper cylinder with return spring works in an ambient temperature of between 253.15K and 353.15K. The stopper cylinder used in this article is only a pneumatic actuator. After introduction, the authors analyse two pneumatic circuits using stopper cylinders. The first pneumatic scheme contains the following devices: stopper cylinder (STC 1-1), throttle check valves, 5/3-way valve, air service unit and compressed air supplies. The second pneumatic circuit contains the following devices: stopper cylinders (STC 2-1 and STC 2-2), throttle valves, 5/2-way impulse valve, 3/2-way valves and compressed air supplies. Moreover, the authors study two more electro-pneumatic schemes with stopper cylinders. Thus, the third circuit contains the following devices: stopper cylinder (STC 3-1), throttle valves, relays, 5/2-way solenoid impulse valve, pressure switch, lamp, relay counter, valves solenoid, magnetic proximity switches and compressed air supply. Finally, the fourth circuit contains the following devices: stopper cylinder (STC 4-1), throttle valve, 5/2-way solenoid valve, logic module, valves solenoid, relay and lamp. Keywords: pneumatic, stopper, cylinder, trunnion, valve

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Roberto, Marani, and Gina Perri Anna. "Analysis of a CS amplifier Based on CNTFET with parasitic elements of interconnection lines." i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering 12, no. 2 (2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jele.12.2.18527.

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In this paper we present a procedure to study the effects of parasitic elements (capacitances, inductances and resistances) of interconnection lines in integrated circuits where Carbon Nanotubes are embedded. In particular the Drain/Source pads dimensions of CNT are analysed, as well as the interconnection lines between a CNT and an appropriate load are sized. In order to estimate parasitic elements in CNTs embedded integrated circuits, we analyse 50 nm technology. Moreover it is also possible for predictions analysis on 10 nm and 3 nm technology. We apply the proposed procedure to the design of a Common-Source amplifier, using a CNTFET model already proposed by us. The frequency domain simulations, obtained using the ADS simulator, show how the parasitic elements limit the performances of CNTs. In particular we obtain that the -3 dB cutting frequency of the examined amplifier full of parasitic elements increases as technology decreases. Moreover we repeat the proposed simulations using SPICE, obtaining results practically coincident but with the Verilog-A implementation we have mainly a simulation run time much shorter and a software much more concise and clear than schemes using ABM blocks in SPICE.

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Paunković, Nikola, and Marko Vojinović. "Causal orders, quantum circuits and spacetime: distinguishing between definite and superposed causal orders." Quantum 4 (May 28, 2020): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2020-05-28-275.

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We study the notion of causal orders for the cases of (classical and quantum) circuits and spacetime events. We show that every circuit can be immersed into a classical spacetime, preserving the compatibility between the two causal structures. Using the process matrix formalism, we analyse the realisations of the quantum switch using 4 and 3 spacetime events in classical spacetimes with fixed causal orders, and the realisation of a gravitational switch with only 2 spacetime events that features superpositions of different gravitational field configurations and their respective causal orders. We show that the current quantum switch experimental implementations do not feature superpositions of causal orders between spacetime events, and that these superpositions can only occur in the context of superposed gravitational fields. We also discuss a recently introduced operational notion of an event, which does allow for superpositions of respective causal orders in flat spacetime quantum switch implementations. We construct two observables that can distinguish between the quantum switch realisations in classical spacetimes, and gravitational switch implementations in superposed spacetimes. Finally, we discuss our results in the light of the modern relational approach to physics.

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Salvador, Diego Salomão Candido de Oliveira. "A importância social, econômica e territorial do circuito inferior da economia urbana do eixo rodoviário Natal-Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil / The social, economic and territorial importance of the urban economy lower circuit of the road axis Natal-Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil." Caderno de Geografia 29, no. 56 (February 20, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-2962.2019v29n56p1.

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Neste trabalho, objetivamos analisar a importância social, econômica e territorial das atividades não hegemônicas da economia urbana desenvolvidas no eixo rodoviário Natal-Caicó, estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Região Nordeste do Brasil. Nesse eixo, as cidades e a economia crescem alicerçadas, sobretudo, em atividades econômicas mantenedoras da pobreza estrutural produzida pela modernização do território, situação característica do processo de precarização do trabalho. Como resposta sistêmica, tem-se a segmentação da economia urbana, com o subsistema inferior cada vez mais dependente do superior, assim como mais permanente e receptor de trabalhadores. Por meio de reflexões sobre a teoria dos circuitos da economia urbana relacionadas com dados primários acerca das cidades do eixo Natal-Caicó, concluímos o trabalho sublinhando que, enquanto não predominar o mercado socialmente necessário, o circuito inferior é e será importante para viabilizar a sobrevivência da maioria dos trabalhadores e para explicitar a tensão ou a crise vivenciada no mercado de trabalho e na sociedade.Palavras–chave: Economia urbana, Mercado de trabalho, Pobreza.Abstract In this study, we aimed to analyse the social, economic and territorial importance of hegemonic urban economy activities developed on the road axis Natal-Caicó, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil. In this axis, the cities and the economy grow based on supporters of poverty basic economic activities produced by the territory modernisation, situation characteristic of the precarious work process. As a systemic response, there is the urban economics segmentation, with the lower subsystem increasingly dependent on top, as well as more permanent and receiver. Through reflections on the theory of circuits of urban economics related to primary data about the road axis Natal-Caicó cities, we conclude the work stressing that, while not predominate the socially necessary market, the lower circuit is and it will be essential to make possible the survival of the majority of workers and to clarify the tension or the crisis experienced in the labour market and society.Keywords: Urban economics, Labor market, Poverty.

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Timsit, Youri, and Daniel Bennequin. "Nervous-Like Circuits in the Ribosome Facts, Hypotheses and Perspectives." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 12 (June 14, 2019): 2911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20122911.

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In the past few decades, studies on translation have converged towards the metaphor of a “ribosome nanomachine”; they also revealed intriguing ribosome properties challenging this view. Many studies have shown that to perform an accurate protein synthesis in a fluctuating cellular environment, ribosomes sense, transfer information and even make decisions. This complex “behaviour” that goes far beyond the skills of a simple mechanical machine has suggested that the ribosomal protein networks could play a role equivalent to nervous circuits at a molecular scale to enable information transfer and processing during translation. We analyse here the significance of this analogy and establish a preliminary link between two fields: ribosome structure-function studies and the analysis of information processing systems. This cross-disciplinary analysis opens new perspectives about the mechanisms of information transfer and processing in ribosomes and may provide new conceptual frameworks for the understanding of the behaviours of unicellular organisms.

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Caramel, Christian, Patrick Austin, Jean-Louis Sanchez, Jacques Imbernon, and Bernard Rousset. "Analyse des interactions et techniques d'isolation applicables à une structure de protection intégrée contre les courts-circuits." Revue internationale de génie électrique 10, no. 5 (October 1, 2007): 541–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rige.10.541-551.

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Khorina, Mulyati. "Possessive Relational Process Clauses in Scientific Text: Implication on ESP Teaching." Jurnal Bahasa Inggris Terapan 4, no. 2 (September 23, 2019): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35313/jbit.v4i2.1541.

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This paper focuses of this paper aimsis possessive relational process clauses which is a type of relational process clauses in which relational processes work. Threepoints concerning possessive relational process clauses are discussed in this paper. First, the relational process type which is dominant possessed by possessive relational process clauses. Second, the lexical verbs which realize the dominant type of relational process. The last, the roles played by possessive relational process clauses. The data for this study were taken from Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology, Fundamentals of Electronics Circuits, Electronics Devices, Flow Version, and A Textbook of Electrical Technology, all of which are used as references by Electronics Engineering students of PoliteknikNegeri Bandung. To analyse the data, Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) was employed. The results showed that possessive relational process clauses in scientific texts operate solely on attributive relational process. The attributive relational process is realized by lexical verbs have, consist, include, make which represent the possessive relational process clauses as Classification, Composition and Feature.

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42

Lanzi, Florence, and Kevin Maréchal. "Renforcer la viabilité des circuits alimentaires de proximité via une structure inter-organisations : une analyse du collectif 5C." Économie rurale, no. 382 (December 31, 2022): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/economierurale.10628.

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Kontogianni, Georgia, Konstantinos Voutetakis, Georgia Piroti, Katerina Kypreou, Irene Stefanaki, Efstathios Iason Vlachavas, Eleftherios Pilalis, Alexander Stratigos, Aristotelis Chatziioannou, and Olga Papadodima. "A Comprehensive Analysis of Cutaneous Melanoma Patients in Greece Based on Multi-Omic Data." Cancers 15, no. 3 (January 28, 2023): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030815.

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Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the most aggressive type of skin cancer, and it is characterised by high mutational load and heterogeneity. In this study, we aimed to analyse the genomic and transcriptomic profile of primary melanomas from forty-six Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) tissues from Greek patients. Molecular analysis for both germline and somatic variations was performed in genomic DNA from peripheral blood and melanoma samples, respectively, exploiting whole exome and targeted sequencing, and transcriptomic analysis. Detailed clinicopathological data were also included in our analyses and previously reported associations with specific mutations were recognised. Most analysed samples (43/46) were found to harbour at least one clinically actionable somatic variant. A subset of samples was profiled at the transcriptomic level, and it was shown that specific melanoma phenotypic states could be inferred from bulk RNA isolated from FFPE primary melanoma tissue. Integrative bioinformatics analyses, including variant prioritisation, differential gene expression analysis, and functional and gene set enrichment analysis by group and per sample, were conducted and molecular circuits that are implicated in melanoma cell programmes were highlighted. Integration of mutational and transcriptomic data in CM characterisation could shed light on genes and pathways that support the maintenance of phenotypic states encrypted into heterogeneous primary tumours.

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Stilck França, Daniel, and Raul Garcia-Patron. "A game of quantum advantage: linking verification and simulation." Quantum 6 (June 30, 2022): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-06-30-753.

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We present a formalism that captures the process of proving quantum superiority to skeptics as an interactive game between two agents, supervised by a referee. Bob, is sampling from a classical distribution on a quantum device that is supposed to demonstrate a quantum advantage. The other player, the skeptical Alice, is then allowed to propose mock distributions supposed to reproduce Bob's device's statistics. He then needs to provide witness functions to prove that Alice's proposed mock distributions cannot properly approximate his device. Within this framework, we establish three results. First, for random quantum circuits, Bob being able to efficiently distinguish his distribution from Alice's implies efficient approximate simulation of the distribution. Secondly, finding a polynomial time function to distinguish the output of random circuits from the uniform distribution can also spoof the heavy output generation problem in polynomial time. This pinpoints that exponential resources may be unavoidable for even the most basic verification tasks in the setting of random quantum circuits. Beyond this setting, by employing strong data processing inequalities, our framework allows us to analyse the effect of noise on classical simulability and verification of more general near-term quantum advantage proposals.

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Tolmachev, Alexander V., Evgeny V. Sinitsyn, and Dmitrii A. Brusyanin. "Transport system modelling based on analogies between road networks and electrical circuits." R-Economy 1, no. 2 (July 11, 2019): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/recon.2019.5.2.010.

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This article describes a probabilistic mathematical model which can be used to analyse traffic flows in a road network. This model allows us to calculate the probability of distribution of vehicles in a regional road network or an urban street network. In the model, the movement of cars is treated as a Markov process. This makes it possible to formulate an equation determining the probability of finding cars at key points of the road network such as street intersections, parking lots or other places where cars concentrate. For a regional road network, we can use cities as such key points. This model enables us, for instance, to use the analogues of Kirchhoff First Law (Ohm's Law) for calculation of traffic flows. This calculation is based on the similarity of a real road network and resistance in an electrical circuit. The traffic flow is an analogue of the electric current, the resistance of the section between the control points is the time required to move from one key point to another, and the voltage is the difference in the number of cars at these points. In this case, well-known methods for calculating complex electrical circuits can be used to calculate traffic flows in a real road network. The proposed model was used to calculate the critical load for a road network and compare road networks in various regions of the Ural Federal District.

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Wang, J. X., A. F. Zobaa, Z. H. Bie, and D. Z. Xia. "From Mathematical Analysis to Experimental Calculation: Teaching Three-Phase Short-Circuits of a Synchronous Generator." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 49, no. 4 (October 2012): 444–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijeee.49.4.6.

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Besides highlighting the physical model in electrical engineering curricula, the mathematical model should also be emphasised. Mathematical derivation can clearly show students how to obtain the conclusions from the original equations, and how to simplify the complex theories to the experimental equations. This paper uses the three-phase short-circuit calculations of a synchronous generator to demonstrate the evolution from mathematical theory to practical application. From various expressions in a typical example, the students can learn to analyse the same problem in different situations. This will help them to master the analytical method from mathematical theory to electrical engineering application.

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Haffen, E. "Le ralentissement psychomoteur : une dimension à (re)découvrir ?" European Psychiatry 29, S3 (November 2014): 578–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.09.277.

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Le ralentissement psychomoteur (RPM) est une dimension clinique présente dans de nombreuses maladies mentales. S’il est l’un des symptômes cardinaux de la dépression unipolaire, on le retrouve également dans le trouble bipolaire et la schizophrénie mais sans qu’il y ait une véritable différence sémiologique selon la pathologie concernée.Le RPM se caractérise non seulement par une composante motrice mais également psychique et langagière, qui inclut des processus perceptifs et cognitifs impliqués dans le contrôle, la planification, la programmation et l’exécution du mouvement.Les outils d’évaluation disponibles (imagerie cérébrale, analyse génétique, analyse rythmique, analyse par tracker vidéo, explorations neuropsychologiques) permettent aujourd’hui de mieux caractériser l’ensemble de ses dimensions. L’hypothèse d’un dysfonctionnement dopaminergique est étayée par de nombreux travaux avec des atteintes fonctionnelles au niveau des circuits sous-corticaux et pré-frontaux.Le RPM s’accompagne d’une altération fonctionnelle majeure et requiert ainsi une attention particulière en termes d’ajustement thérapeutique d’autant que se pose à l’heure actuelle la question de son impact pronostique (persistance en dehors des épisodes aigus, réponse aux traitements, rechute et récurrence).

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Melo, Mário, and Guilhermina Lobato Miranda. "The Effects 0f 4C-ID Model Approach on Acquisition and Transfer of Knowledge About Electric Circuits." International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies 13, no. 1 (January 2018): 94–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwltt.2018010107.

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This paper reports the first results of an experimental research, carried out in a private school with 9th grade students, where the 4C/ID-model was used for teaching and learning electric circuits. The authors describe the principles and features of the instructional model, that is suitability for the teaching and learning of complex knowledge and skills and yet their permeability to develop digital educational resources and learning environments. The authors analyse the preliminary experimental results in terms of students' performance (both reproduction and learning transfer), mental effort and instructional efficiency. They also suggest clues to future research.

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ZHELEZNYAK, A. L., and L. O. CHUA. "COEXISTENCE OF LOW- AND HIGH-DIMENSIONAL SPATIOTEMPORAL CHAOS IN A CHAIN OF DISSIPATIVELY COUPLED CHUA’S CIRCUITS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 04, no. 03 (June 1994): 639–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127494000460.

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Spatiotemporal dynamics of a one-dimensional cellular neural network (CNN) made of Chua’s circuits which mimics a reaction-diffusion medium is considered. An approach is presented to analyse the properties of this reaction-diffusion CNN through the characteristics of the attractors of an associated infinite-dimensional dynamical system with a matrix phase space. Using this approach, the spatiotemporal correlation dimension of the CNN’s spatiotemporal patterns is computed over various ranges of the diffusion coupling parameter, length of the chain, and initial conditions. It is shown that in a finite-dimensional projection of the matrix phase space of the CNN, both low- and high-dimensional attractors corresponding to different initial conditions coexist.

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Yu, Liangyao, Liangxu Ma, and Jian Song. "Design, testing and analysis of a novel automotive magnetorheological braking system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 10 (November 13, 2016): 1402–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016674394.

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This paper presents a new approach to the design, testing and analysis of a magnetorheological brake which uses a multi-path magnetic circuit to satisfy the braking demand of vehicles. In contrast with a general braking system, an automotive brake exhibits an outstanding performance for high torques and long reaction times. We use a proposed power-law model and finite element analysis to obtain the magnetorheological braking performance for a high shear rate and a high-intensity magnetic field. Finite element analysis with different structures is adopted to determine the parameters of the magnetorheological braking and the layout of the magnetic circuits. An integrated prototype is also fabricated and tested. The test results show that the brake torque is relatively high, and the torque can be accurately controlled by the input current. The reaction time is less than 100 ms. We also analyse the experimental results and use these as the basis for fabricating a full-sized prototype. The full-sized prototype generally exhibits a high torque capacity and a fast dynamic response, thereby validating the feasible application of magnetorheological fluids in automotive braking.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Analyse des circuits'

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