Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analyse de texture (imagerie)'
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Lopes, Renaud. "Analyses fractale et multifractale en imagerie médicale : outils, validations et applications." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10100/document.
Full textFractal geometry is an emerging concept used in medical image analysis. The aim of this geometry is to measure global and local heterogeneities (1D, 2D or 3D). In medical imaging, it is often used to characterize 1D and 2D signals and restricted to discriminate between 2 states (healthy/pathological) by a global analysis of a signal. This thesis aims at providing 3D fractal geometry based tools for the measures of global (volume) and local (voxel) heterogeneities. Two indices are used: fractal dimension and multifractal spectrum (Hölder exponents). Since these algorithms estimate the theoretical value, fractal and multifractal synthetic volumes were used for the validation. This work also proposes texture segmentation tools. Two applications were studied; characterization of epileptic foci on single photon emission computed tomography images and the detection of prostatic tumors on T2-weighted MR images. The effectiveness of fractal and multifractal features are studied through a framework of supervised classification. The results for both applications demonstrate the usefulness of this geometry and its adaptability to several applications in medical imaging
Bekkhoucha, Abdelkrim. "Traitement d'images et analyse de texture : application à l'imagerie satellitaire." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD493.
Full textOrlhac, Fanny. "Au-delà de la mesure de SUV en imagerie TEP : propriétés et potentiel des paramètres de texture pour caractériser les tumeurs." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112198/document.
Full textThe precise characterization of the biological heterogeneity of a tumor is a major issue in oncology. The calculation of biomarkers reflecting this heterogeneity directly from imaging data offers a number of advantages: it is non-invasive, can be repeated during the therapy, does not require supplementary examinations and the whole tumor and possible metastases can be investigated from the images. My research project was to develop and assess methods to characterize the metabolic activity distribution in tumors.Texture analysis based on PET images requires a protocol to compute index that is somehow more sophisticate than when simply measuring the conventional index used in clinical practice. To determine the role of the different steps that are involved in the computation of texture index, a methodological study was conducted. This study demonstrated that some texture parameters were redundant and that there existed a strong correlation between some of them and the metabolic volume. We have also shown that the formula and the rate of discretization impact the texture analysis and clarified the interpretation of these metrics. After the protocol of texture index computation has been established, the second part of this work was to assess the interest of these indices for the tumor characterization. We showed that some texture indices were different in tumor and in healthy tissue and could identify histological types such as the triple-negative breast tumors, the squamous cell carcinoma from adenocarcinoma in lung tumors, as well as the grade of gliomas.To understand the links between the tumor heterogeneity as measured from PET images and the biological heterogeneity of lesions, we compared the texture analysis based on different scales in a mouse model. This study revealed that the texture measured in vivo based on PET images reflects the texture measured ex vivo from autoradiographic images
Rolland, Yan. "Elements de perception , de modelisation et d'analyse de texture (doctorat : biologie et sciences de la sante)." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN1B022.
Full textBensemra-Zegadi, Nacera. "Analyse spectrale locale d'images texturées par transformation en ondelettes : application à la quantification de textures osseuses." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0042.
Full textTexture is naturally a multi-scale notion which is linked to a human observant. In its classical form, wavelet transform (WT) is a multi-scale representation. It permits a hierarchical texture observation, in a global and a local manner, similar at the human vision and which characterise spatial interactions into-scale. We focus also on a second interpretation of WT as a frequency analysis tool. Space-frequency transformations associate a local frequential spectrum to each point of the image. Thus, spectrogram, Gabor transform, Wigner-Ville transform and the quadratic form of WT can be defined for images in a class of energetic representations. Relationships between these transformations can be expressed by means of the Wigner-Ville transform, which plays a central theoretical role. A Mellin-Fourier transform based technique is proposed. The obtained spectral representation is well adapted to texture analysis. It allows extracting a large number of frequential parameters from local spectra. Moreover, parameters characterising orientation and anisotropy are proposed and illustrated with natural textures. WT is also well suited to estimate -the fractal dimension. This last parameter permits to characterise the roughness texture. The textural approach is a non invasive method which is particularly interesting to quantify structural variations due to vertebra aging. We have used local analysis methods and some global ones on radiological images of vertebra (obtained in high resolution tomography and in sagital micro-radiography), which contains different directional informations
Bacle, Guillaume. "Les muscles infraspinatus et teres minor : anatomie, analyse de texture en imagerie IRM et comportement viscoélastique en élastographie ultrasonore." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR3301/document.
Full textInfraspinatus and teres minor muscles are crucial functionally and are regularly impaired in the context of of the rotator cuff pathology. The proportion of fatty tissue in the infraspinatus is currently a strong prognosis criterion of functional outcomes of rotator cuff tendon repair. The goals of this work are to characterize these muscles anatomically, to provide a better exploration of their morphology by MRI, to use computer texture analysis to objectify their composition and finally to use the ultrasound elastography for analysing their viscoelastic behaviour under stress. Infraspinatus and teres minor muscles have a tripennate and parallel organization, respectively. Routine MRI acquisition criteria can be easily optimized to analyse more precisely the external rotator muscles. Texture analysis seems promising to assess the proportion of fatty tissue in the skeletal muscle. The ultrasound elastography allows us to estimate the degree of muscle anisotropy, and therefore the state of organization of the infraspinatus muscle
Afdel, Karim. "Conception d'outils d'analyse quantitative d'images pour la biologie moléculaire et la dermatologie." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30072.
Full textEliat, Pierre-Antoine. "Analyse de texture et relaxométrie dynamique pour la caractérisation tissulaire en IRM : applications aux tumeurs mammaires et cérébrales." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN1B066.
Full textDecourselle, Thomas. "Etude et modélisation du comportement des gouttelettes de produits phytosanitaires sur les feuilles de vignes par imagerie ultra-rapide et analyse de texture." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949360.
Full textTouvier, Jérôme. "Analyse de la texture osseuse trabéculaire : application au diagnostic de l''ostéoporose et de l''arthrose." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2011.
Full textWe have evaluated the added value of trabecular bone radiography's texture analysis to improve osteoporosis diagnosis and osteoarthritis prognosis. Firstly, fracture discrimination by combined Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and microarchitectural texture analysis has been studied. The Spine Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) and calcaneus mean Hurst parameter (H) has been assessed. The texture parameters have helped to classify a subset of non-osteoporotic women into a group with a higher risk of fractures. Secondly, preprocessing or filtering methods have been used to improve bone texture analysis. One of the latest variational decomposition model has been compared to classical filtering methods. Preprocessing improve some texture features but among them the fractal parameter H is more reliable since it doesn't need preprocessing to obtain the same performance. At last, the predictive ability of texture analysis with respect to knee osteoarthritis progression has been studied from digitalized radiography. The progression of knee osteoarthritis has been evaluated by the change in Kellgren and Lawrence scale at 4 years. The fractal signature and entropy assessed on lateral tibiofemoral compartment have been significantly associated with knee osteoarthritis progression
Richard, Frédéric. "Modèles et analyses statistiques de l'image biomédicale." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00522704.
Full textDecourselle, Thomas. "Etude et modélisation du comportement des gouttelettes de produits phytosanitaires sur les feuilles de vignes par imagerie ultra-rapide et analyse de texture." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS033.
Full textIn the domain of vineyard precision spraying research, one of the most importantobjectives is to minimize the volume of phytosanitary products ejected bya sprayer in order to be more environmentally respectful with more effectivevine leaf treatments. Unfortunaltely, even if lot of works have been carriedout at a parcel scale, mainly on losses caused by drift, less works have beencarried out at the leaf scale in order to understand which parameters influencethe spray quality. Since few years, recent improvements in image processing,sensitivity of imaging systems and cost reduction have increased the interestof high-speed imaging techniques. Analyzing the behavior of droplets afterimpact with the leaf thanks to high speed imaging technology is a relevantsolution. By this way, we propose a droplets behavior analyzing process invineyard spraying context based on high-speed acquision system combinedwith image processing techniques. This process allows us to extract dropletsparameters. Therefore, a statistical study is processed in order to determinethe effects of droplets parameters on leaf impact or to predict behavior of asingle droplet. Since this behavior is strongly related to leaf surface, we alsopropose to validate a natural leaf roughness characterization method basedon texture analysis
Perier, Cynthia. "Analyse quantitative des données de routine clinique pour le pronostic précoce en oncologie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0219/document.
Full textTumor shape and texture evolution may highlight internal modifications resulting from the progression of cancer. In this work, we want to study the contribution of delta-radiomics features to cancer-evolution prediction. Our goal is to provide a complete pipeline from the 3D reconstruction of the volume of interest to the prediction of its evolution, using routinely acquired data only.To this end, we first analyse a subset of MRI(-extracted) radiomics biomarquers in order to determine conditions that ensure their robustness. Then, we determine the prerequisites of features reliability and explore the impact of both reconstruction and image processing (rescaling, grey-level normalization). A first clinical study emphasizes some statistically-relevant MRI radiomics features associated with event-free survival in anal carcinoma.We then develop machine-learning models to improve our results.Radiomics and machine learning approaches were then combined in a study on high grade soft tissu sarcoma (STS). Combining Radiomics and machine-learning approaches in a study on high-grade soft tissue sarcoma, we find out that a T2-MRI delta-radiomic signature with only three features is enough to construct a classifier able to predict the STS histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Our ML pipeline is then trained and tested on a middle-size clinical dataset in order to predict early metastatic relapse of patients with breast cancer. This classification model is then compared to the relapsing time predicted by the mechanistic model.Finally we discuss the contribution of deep-learning techniques to extend our pipeline with tumor automatic segmentation or edema detection
Pham, Minh Tân. "Pointwise approach for texture analysis and characterization from very high resolution remote sensing images." Thesis, Télécom Bretagne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELB0403/document.
Full textThis thesis work proposes a novel pointwise approach for texture analysis in the scope of very high resolution (VHR) remote sensing imagery. This approach takes into consideration only characteristic pixels, not all pixels of the image, to represent and characterize textural features. Due to the fact that increasing the spatial resolution of satellite sensors leads to the lack of stationarity hypothesis in the acquired images, such an approach becomes relevant since only the interaction and characteristics of keypoints are exploited. Moreover, as this technique does not need to consider all pixels inside the image like classical dense approaches, it is more capable to deal with large-size image data offered by VHR remote sensing acquisition systems. In this work, our pointwise strategy is performed by exploiting the local maximum and local minimum pixels (in terms of intensity) extracted from the image. It is integrated into several texture analysis frameworks with the help of different techniques and methods such as the graph theory, the covariance-based approach, the geometric distance measurement, etc. As a result, a variety of texture-based applications using remote sensing data (both VHR optical and radar images) are tackled such as image retrieval, segmentation, classification, and change detection, etc. By performing dedicated experiments to each thematic application, the effectiveness and relevance of the proposed approach are confirmed and validated
Orczyk, Clément. "Modélisation du cancer de la prostate par l'imagerie : détection, stratification, planning thérapeutique et suivi en 3D d'une thérapie focale basés sur le recalage-fusion d'image en multi modalité." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC405/document.
Full textConventional prostate MRI, enhanced by diffusion and perfusion sequences, and then named multiparametric, showed high performances for detection of prostate cancer using visual scoring. Indications in stratification, prognosis, treatment planning and follow up are currently under investigations.First part of this work attached itself to describe, elaborate and use a non-rigid image fusion method in 3D between gold standard histology of radical prostatectomy and MRI. Investigations captured the significant differences in shape and volume of in vivo and ex vivo prostate using MRI. The developed multimodality fusion method was applied to a cohort of patients who underwent MRI prior surgery. Results showed a stratified underestimation of cancer volume by MRI. Clinical output resides in detection, stratification and surgical planning.The second part proposed some texture analysis of sequences and quantitative maps. As a multiparametric approach, the Entropy Score is applied in a pilot cohort at time of biopsy and showed some potential usefulness to select MRI targets without compromising detection of significant cancer. By positively correlating with the Gleason Score and the maximal core length of cancer, Entropy Score participates of stratification of cancer.The third part explored application of image registration in the longitudinal follow up of an emergent therapy, said focal (FT). As a conservative approach, FT induces very local deformation of the gland which appears to be appropriately modelled by non-rigid registration, then opening possibilities to guide further control biopsy and radiologic assessment
Corvo, Joris. "Caractérisation de paramètres cosmétologiques à partir d'images multispectrales de peau." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM100/document.
Full textThanks to its precision in spatial and spectral domain, multispectral imaging has become an essential tool in dermatology. This thesis focuses on the interest of this technology for cosmetological parameters assessment through three different studies: the detection of a foundation make-up, age assessment and roughness measurement.A database of multispectral skin images is build using a multiple optical filters system. A preprocessing step allows to standardize those texture images before their exploitation.Covariance matrices of mutispectral acquisitions can be displayed in a multidimensional scaling space which is a novel way to represent multivariate data sets. Likewise, a new dimensionality reduction algorithm based on PCA is proposed in this thesis.A complete study of the images texture is performed: texture features from mathematical morphology and more generally from image analysis are expanded to the case of multivariate images. In this process, several spectral distances are tested, among which a new distance associating the LIP model to the Asplund metric.Statistical predictions are generated from texture data. Thoses predictions lead to a conclusion about the data processing efficiency and the relevance of multispectral imaging for the three cosmetologic studies
Chesseboeuf, Clément. "Méthodes mathématiques et numériques pour la modélisation des déformations et l'analyse de texture. Applications en imagerie médicale." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2285/document.
Full textWe present a numerical procedure for the matching of 3D MRI. The problem of image matching is addressed through the usual distinction between the deformation model and the matching criterion. The deformation model is based on the theory of computational anatomy and the set of deformations is a group of diffeomorphisms generated by integrating vector fields. The discrepancy between the two images is evaluated through comparisons of level lines represented by a differential current in the dual of a space of vector fields. This representation leads to a quickly computable non-local criterion. Then, the optimisation method is based on the minimization of the criterion following the idea of the so-called sub-optimal algorithm. We take advantage of the eulerian and periodical description of the algorithm to get an efficient numerical procedure. This algorithm can be used to deal with 3d MR images and numerical experiences are presented. In an other part, we focus on theoretical properties of the algorithm. We begin by simplifying the equation representing the evolution of the deformed image and we use the theory of viscosity solutions to study the simplified equation. The second issue we are interested in is the change-point estimation for a gaussian sequence with change in the variance parameter. The main feature of our model is that we work with infill data and the nature of the data can evolve jointly with the size of the sample. The usual approach suggests to introduce a contrast function and using the point of its maximum as a change-point estimator. We first get an information about the asymptotic fluctuations of the contrast function around its mean function. Then, we focus on the change-point estimator and more precisely on the convergence of this estimator. The most direct application concerns the detection of change in the Hurst parameter of a fractional brownian motion. The estimator depends on a parameter p > 0, generalizing the usual choice p = 2. We present some results illustrating the advantage of a parameter p < 2
Mamadou, Diarra. "Extraction et fusion de points d'intérêt et textures spectraux pour l'identification, le contrôle et la sécurité." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK031/document.
Full textBiometrics is an emerging technology that proposes new methods of control, identification and security. Biometric systems are often subject to risks. Face recognition is popular and several existing approaches use images in the visible spectrum. These traditional systems operating in the visible spectrum suffer from several limitations due to changes in lighting, poses and facial expressions. The methodology presented in this thesis is based on multispectral facial recognition using infrared and visible imaging, to improve the performance of facial recognition and to overcome the deficiencies of the visible spectrum. The multispectral images used in this study are obtained by fusion of visible and infrared images. The different recognition techniques are based on features extraction such as texture and points of interest by the following techniques: a hybrid feature extraction, a binary feature extraction, a similarity measure taking into account the extracted characteristics
Maunier-Sifre, Laurence. "Organisation spatiale du tissu conjonctif intramusculaire : relation avec la texture de la viande bovine." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00668883.
Full textBelperin, Maxime. "Génération de texture par anamorphose pour la décoration d’objets plastiques injectés." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10078/document.
Full textThis work takes part in a global industrial project called IMD3D, which is supported by FUI and aims at decorating 3D plastic objects using Insert Molding technology with an automated process. Our goal is to compute the decoration of 3D virtual objects, using data coming from polymer film characterization and mechanical simulation. My thesis deals with the generation of decoration. Firstly, we want to map the texture onto the mesh, so that the visual rendering would be equivalent to the initial picture. In order to do so, we decided to choose a viewpoint per texture and to favor it. Thus, a specific view-dependent parameterization is defined. Thus, the first goal which is to define the texture mapping with visual constraints is reached. After this step, the inverse distortion of the mesh is performed. The use of a conformal map for this inverse transform allows to respect the physics issues. Therefore we get a planar mesh representing the initial mesh of simulation whose associated textures have also been modified by this transform. The result to be printed on the film can be viewed. Finally, the texture enabling the decoration of the object injected by the process can be generated. This texture combines information from several mapped images. The inner part of the mesh and in the same time the part of the corresponding texture shall be followed in a bilinear way in order to fill the pixel of the generated picture. But during the first tests performed by industries with a colors pattern, a discoloration effect was detected. As a consequence, we thought to take into account this color change to modify the picture and to obtain the expected visual rendering
Brusque, Corinne. "Métrique du bruit visuel en site urbain nocturne pour l'optimisation des signaux routiers." Saint-Etienne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STET4006.
Full textFongang, Léon. "Aspects prédictifs des interactions tissus-implant par analyses multi-échelles en imagerie : mise en évidence intraleucocytaires de microtextures décrivant un champ aléatoire markovien." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE4707.
Full textHuman bone and hematologic celle textures are evaluated by the way of fittes biomedical image and signal processsing operators. In the present work, we report a set of algorithmic procedures leading to : 1) a mathematical modeling « cell memory ». That model i related to homogeneity variations associated to the metabolic states which characterize the cell life inside « energetic bands ». The second order statistical means of blood cell microscopic textures agree with those resulting form the markovian random field. 2) A morphological and textural cell classification based on the concept of « field ray-vectorrs » (CRV). Inside that CRV, the micro- and macroscopic aspects of the cell specificities are taken into account fot the contour determination. An indexing method of « Ray Vectors » (RV) leads to a « fictive » (not physically) reorientation of objects, the specific algorithms of rotations and tranlations being excluded. Matched RV give a « shape-signal » (SF) in relation to each object and leads to quantify the degree of similarity between objects. 3) A new concept found upon the morphological multi-scale analysis allowing the quantification of periimplant texture homogeneity and, the predictive evaluations of bone tissue evolutions during the regeneration r after normal or abnormal restructuration which can be more or less altered
Rousseau, François. "Méthodes d'analyse d'images et de calibration pour l'échographie 3D en mode main-libre." Phd thesis, Rennes 1, 2003. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2003/rousseau.pdf.
Full textRousseau, François. "Méthodes d'analyse d'images et de calibration pour l'échographie 3D en mode main-libre." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011991.
Full textNguyen, Frédérique. "Les lésions musculaires des modèles animaux de la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne : évaluation comparée des lésions du modèle murin mdx (X-linked muscular dystrophy) par histopathologie et analyse de texture en IRM : étude de la vascularisation capillaire du muscle canin GRMD (Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy)." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S140.
Full textOthmani, Ahlem. "Identification automatisée des espèces d'arbres dans des scans laser 3D réalisés en forêt." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS012/document.
Full textThe objective of the thesis is the automatic recognition of tree species from Terrestrial LiDAR data. This information is essential for forest inventory. As an answer, we propose different recognition methods based on the 3D geometric texture of the bark.These methods use the following processing steps: a preprocessing step, a segmentation step, a feature extraction step and a final classification step. They are based on the 3D data or on depth images built from 3D point clouds of tree trunks using a reference surface.We have investigated and tested several segmentation approaches on depth images representing the geometric texture of the bark. These approaches have the disadvantages of over segmentation and are quite sensitive to noises. For this reason, we propose a new 3D point cloud segmentation approach inspired by the watershed technique that we have called «Burst Wind Segmentation». Our approach succeed in extracting in most cases the characteristic scars that are next compared to those stored in a dictionary («ScarBook») in order to determine the tree species.A large variety of characteristics is extracted from the regions segmented by the different methods proposed. These characteristics are the roughness, the global shape of the segmented regions, the saliency and the curvature of the contour, the distribution of the contour points, the distribution of the shape according to the different orientations.Finally, for the classification of the visual characteristics, the Random Forest method by Leo Breiman and Adèle Cutler is used in a two steps approach: selection of the most important variables and cross classification with the selected variables.The bark of the tree changes with the trunk diameter. We have thus studied different natural variability criteria and we have tested our approaches on a test set that includes this variability. The accuracy rate is over 96% for all the proposed segmentation approaches but the best result is obtained with the «Burst Wind Segmentation» one due to the fact that this approach can better extract the scars, it uses a dictionary of scars for recognition, and it has been evaluated on a greater variety of shapes, curvatures, saliency and roughness
Boughdad, Sarah. "Contributions of radiomics in ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and in MRI in breast cancer." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS500.
Full textBreast cancer is a common disease for which ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and breast MRI are frequently performed in routine practice. However, the different information provided by each of these imaging techniques are currently under-exploited. Indeed, in routine the interpretation of these scans is mainly based on visual analysis whereas the « quantitative » analysis of PET/CT data is generally limited to the sole use of the SUVmax while in breast MRI, simple parameters to characterize tumor enhancement after injection of contrast medium are used. The advent of PET/MRI machines, calls for an evaluation of the contribution of a more advanced quantification of each of the modalities separately and in combination in the setting of breast cancer. This is along with the concept of « Radiomics » a field currently expanding and which consists in extracting many quantitative characteristics from medical images used in clinical practice to decipher tumor heterogeneity or improve prediction of prognosis. The aim of our work was to study the contribution of radiomic data extracted from ¹⁸F-FDG PET and MRI imaging with contrast injection to characterize tumor heterogeneity in breast cancer taking into account the different molecular subtypes of breast cancer, namely luminal (Lum A, Lum B HER2- and Lum B HER2 +), triple-negative and HER2 + tumors. In this context, we focused on the prediction of prognosis in patients treated with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. The influence of physiological variations such as age on the calculation of radiomic data in normal breast and breast tumors separately was also explored, as well as the multi-center variability of radioman features. Radiomic features were extracted using the LiFex software developed within IMIV laboratory. The patient database used for the studies were all retrospective data. We reported for the first time the influence of age on the values of radiomic features in healthy breast tissue in patients recruited from 2 different institutions but also in breast tumors especially those with a triple-negative subtype. Similarly, significant associations between the radiomic tumor phenotype in PET and MRI imaging and well-established prognostic factors in breast cancer have been identified. In addition, we showed a large variability in the PET « radiomic profile » of breast tumors with similar breast cancer subtype suggesting complementary information within their metabolic phenotype defined by radiomic features. Moreover, taking into account this variability has been shown to be of particular interest in improving the prediction of pathological response in patients with triple-negative tumors treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A peri-tumoral breast tissue region satellite to the breast tumor was also investigated and appeared to bear some prognostic information in patients with Lum B HER2- tumors treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In MR, we demonstrated the need to harmonize the methods for radiomic feature calculation. Overall, we observed that radiomic features derived from MR were less informative about the molecular features of the tumors than radiomic features extracted from PET data and were of lower prognostic value. Yet, the combination of the enhanced tumor volume in MR with a PET radiomic feature and the tumor molecular subtype yielded enhanced the accuracy with which response to neoadjuvant therapy could be predicted compared to features from one modality only or molecular subtype only
Abdelghafour, Florent. "Potentialités de l’imagerie couleur embarquée pour la détection et la cartographie des maladies fongiques de la vigne." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0430.
Full textThe downy mildew of the vine is a phytopathology of fungal origin particularly worrying for the wine industry. The aim of this thesis is to study the potentialities of on-board color imaging to estimate the health status of vineyards affected by downy mildew on an intra-plot scale. The proposed solution aims at assisting epidemiological monitoring networks in the estimation of health risks and in the recommendation of chemical control plans. In practice, two image processing chains are proposed, one dedicated to the segmentation of vine organs, and the other to the detection, counting and measurement of symptomatic tissues of downy mildew. These two chains are designed on a common strategy and are aimed at images acquired directly at the plot under the conditions of viticultural work. The proposed strategy is based on structure-color representations and probabilistic models of the tissue classes present in the vines. It operates in three steps : Formulating descriptors to extract the characteristic and discriminating properties of each class ; Modelling the statistical distributions of these descriptors in each class ; Assigning each pixel to on of the classes according to its suitability to their models. The descriptors combine the Local Structure Tensors (LST) with colorimetric statistics calculated in the neighborhood of the pixel considered. To account for the specific nature of LSTs, the descriptors are transformed to be represented in the Log-Euclidean space. In this space, it becomes possible to model the classes of interest by distributions of multivariate Gaussian mixtures of structure-color representations. This strategy is first applied to healthy vine images. It involves the partitioning of an image into organ classes (foliage, bunches or inflorescences and stems). A pixel-wise MAP (Maximum A Posteriori) classification is carried out and regularized by stochastic relaxation and mathematical morphology operations. The results obtained for three phenological stages are very convincing. In addition, the processing chain is robust to the setting of the main hyperparameters. In a second step, the previous methodological chain is adapted to process images with symptoms of downy mildew as well as necrosis, discolorations, deficiencies, mechanical wounds, which are confounding factors. The decision method is based on a reconstruction of symptoms by propagation around germs. The criteria used are based on the previously defined color-structure representations and probabilistic models. The new processing chain reliably detects downy mildew symptoms and estimates the area of the affected tissues
Olivier, Julien. "Méthodes d'accélération et approches supervisées pour les contours actifs : applications à la segmentation d'images 2D, 3D et texturées." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR4029/document.
Full textIn this work, several approaches developed to improve active contours are presented. Three acceleration methods have been developed for parametric models evolving with the greedy algorithm, and applied to 2D and 3D segmentation. Their principle is to dynamically manage the neighbourhood grid of each control point of the active contour. Two supervised level set models are also detailed. Both are based on Haralick texture features and use a learning image with an expert segmentation. The first model is a region-based active contour, inspired by the model developed by Chan and Vese. Linear programming principle is used to determine the optimal weight of each Haralick coefficient. The second model introduces a binary classifier in the motion equation of the active contour, the classifier being learned using the Haralick coefficients, extracted from the learning image. Both models are applied to 2D and 3D textured image segmentation
Billy, Frédéric. "Analyse de l'effet des surfaces texturées dans un film mince : application aux joints d'étanchéités." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012160.
Full textUne première approche bidimensionnelle a permis la mise en évidence de l'apparition de deux phénomènes dus à la prise en compte des effets d'inerties : un effet de traînée provenant de la présence des cavités ainsi que l'existence d'un cisaillement fluide important au sein de la couche de mélange s'établissant au niveau de l'interface cavité-film mince. La validation des résultats numériques 2D a été réalisée avec succès grâce à la conception et la fabrication d'un banc d'essais original. Ce dispositif permet d'entreprendre des mesures PIV dans un écoulement de Couette en canal rainuré allant jusqu'à des régimes fortement turbulent (Re=10000). La modularité du montage a été prise en compte afin de pouvoir tester d'autres types de textures à l'avenir.
La deuxième étape a été la résolution des équations de Reynolds dans un canal équivalent où la texture est remplacée par son effet à travers une modification des lois de frottement du rotor et du stator, ainsi que par la prise en compte de l'effet de traînée comme un terme source. Des simulations tridimensionnelles, basée sur une configuration réaliste, ont été effectuées afin d'extraire les données nécessaires pour la modification des modèles de calcul du film mince. Les grandes différences par rapport aux anciens modèles sont que les lois de frottements du rotor et su stator sont calculées séparément et que la variation de l'épaisseur du film est prise en compte.
Les calculs montrent une amélioration des résultats pour les coefficients de raideur directe, de raideur croisée et d'amortissement direct, avec cependant une surestimation de ce dernier.
Maisonobe, Jacques-Antoine. "Caractérisation des tumeurs et de leur évolution en TEP/TDM au ¹⁸F-FDG pour le suivi thérapeutique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844243.
Full textHadjerci, Oussama. "Détection automatique du nerf dans les images échographiques." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2006/document.
Full textRegional anesthesia presents an interesting alternative or complementary act to general anesthesia in many surgical procedures. It reduces pain scores, improves postoperative mobility and facilitates earlier hospital discharge. Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia (UGRA) has been gaining importance in the last few years, offering numerous advantages over alternative methods of nerve localization (neurostimulation or paraesthesia). However, nerve detection is one of the most difficult tasks that anesthetists can encounter in the UGRA procedure. The context of the present work is to provide practitioners with a method to facilitate and secure the practice of UGRA. However, automatic detection and segmentation in ultrasound images is still a challenging problem in many medical applications. This work addresses two main issues. The first one, we propose an algorithm for nerve detection and segmentation in ultrasound images, this method is composed of a pre-processing, texture analysis and machine learning steps. In this part of work, we explore two new approaches ; one to characterize the nerve and the second for selecting the minimum redundant and maximum relevant features. The second one, we studied the nerve detection in consecutive ultrasound frames. We have demonstrated that the development of an algorithm based on the temporal coherence of the position, the shape and the confidence measure of the classification, allows to generate a robust segmentation. In this work, we also propose a new model of shape based on a set of intervals landmarks able to adapt to the nerve shape under a morphological variations
Faucheux, Cyrille. "Segmentation supervisée d'images texturées par régularisation de graphes." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4050/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we improve a recent image segmentation algorithm based on a graph regularization process. The goal of this method is to compute an indicator function that satisfies a regularity and a fidelity criteria. Its particularity is to represent images with similarity graphs. This data structure allows relations to be established between similar pixels, leading to non-local processing of the data. In order to improve this approach, combine it with another non-local one: the texture features. Two solutions are developped, both based on Haralick features. In the first one, we propose a new fidelity term which is based on the work of Chan and Vese and is able to evaluate the homogeneity of texture features. In the second method, we propose to replace the fidelity criteria by the output of a supervised classifier. Trained to recognize several textures, the classifier is able to produce a better modelization of the problem by identifying the most relevant texture features. This method is also extended to multiclass segmentation problems. Both are applied to 2D and 3D textured images
Garnier, Mickaël. "Modèles descriptifs de relations spatiales pour l'aide au diagnostic d'images biomédicales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S015.
Full textDuring the last decade, digital pathology has been improved thanks to the advance of image analysis algorithms and calculus power. Particularly, it is more and more based on histology images. This modality of images presents the advantage of showing only the biological objects targeted by the pathologists using specific stains while preserving as unharmed as possible the tissue structure. Numerous computer-aided diagnosis methods using these images have been developed this past few years in order to assist the medical experts with quantitative measurements. The studies presented in this thesis aim at adressing the challenges related to histology image analysis, as well as at developing an assisted diagnosis model mainly based on spatial relations, an information that currently used methods rarely use. A multiscale texture analysis is first proposed and applied to detect the presence of diseased tissue. A descriptor named Force Histogram Decomposition (FHD) is then introduced in order to extract the shapes and spatial organisation of regions within an object. Finally, histology images are described by the FHD measured on their different types of tissue and also on the stained biological objects inside every types of tissue. Preliminary studies showed that the FHD are able to accurately recognise objects on uniform backgrounds, including when spatial relations are supposed to hold no relevant information. Besides, the texture analysis method proved to be satisfactory in two different medical applications, namely histology images and fundus photographies. The performance of these methods are highlighted by a comparison with the usual approaches in their respectives fields. Finally, the complete method has been applied to assess the severity of cancers on two sets of histology images. The first one is given as part of the ANR project SPIRIT and presents metastatic mice livers. The other one comes from the challenge ICPR 2014 : Nuclear Atypia and contains human breast tissues. The analysis of spatial relations and shapes at two different scales achieves a correct recognition of metastatic cancer grades of 87.0 % and gives insight about the nuclear atypia grade. This proves the efficiency of the method as well as the relevance of measuring the spatial organisation in this particular type of images
Blanchard, Elodie. "Diversité structurale des forêts denses humides de la Province Nord de Nouvelle Calédonie : de l'arbre au paysage." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT116/document.
Full textIn the course of global change, new practices of sustainable management in tropical rainforests that maintain key environmental services (e.g., biodiversity, carbon sequestration) and produce goods on which local communities rely is needed. The measurement, spatialization and understanding of the drivers of rainforest structure at large scale is challenging for managing sustainably forest resources. Rainforests of New Caledonia, a biodiversity hotspot located in the South-West Pacific, are a well-suited study model to explore the drivers of rainforest structure. Indeed, New Caledonian rainforests are distributed along a mountain chain, which creates strong environmental gradients overlaid by a range of natural and anthropogenic disturbance gradients. The aims of this thesis are (i) to define some structural features of New Caledonian rainforests, (ii) to map rainforests and to predict their structure at large scale, and (iii) to quantify the influence of the environment and the forest dynamics on rainforest structure. To this end, 23 one hectare forest inventories were set up in the North Province of New Caledonia. In these plots, elevation ranged between 250 and 900 m and annual rainfall between 1500 and 3000 mm. In addition to characterize locally rainforest structure, these plots were used to calibrate a predictive model based on a textural analysis of the canopy, using the FOTO (FOurier transform Textural Ordination) method, which was applied to eight very high resolution images from a Pléiades satellite (covering 1295 km2). Such a model able to relate texture and structure is based on the hypothesis that the allometric relationship between the DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) and the crown size of a canopy tree is stable. We tested this hypothesis tropics-wide. Our results show that New Caledonian rainforests are dense (1182 ± 233 tree/ha), with a high basal area (44 ± 11 m2/ha), a relatively low canopy (14 ± 3 m) and an above-ground biomass typical of tropical rainforests (299 ± 83 t/ha). These forests are also characterized by a high structural variability. This variability has the same range when influenced by environmental gradients as when influenced by forest succession gradients. The FOTO method applied to Pléiades images allowed to predict and spatialize key structural parameters (like the stem density or the above-ground biomass of rainforests) from robust correlations with the textural indices of the canopy (R² ≥ 0,6; RMSE ≤ 20%). The structure of New Caledonian rainforest is mainly driven by the potential insolation and the elevation at the scale of mountain massifs, and by the slope and the topographic wetness at the scale of a mountainside. These findings will enable to estimate rainforest resources across the territory and to define a new typology of New Caledonian rainforests taking into account their structural variability
Tsiminaki, Vagia. "Appearance Modelling for 4D Representations." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM083/document.
Full textCapturing spatio-temporal models (4D modelling) from real world imagery has received a growing interest during the last years urged by the increasing demands of real-world applications and the tremendous amount of easily accessible image data. The general objective is to produce realistic representations of the world from captured video sequences. Although geometric modelling has already reached a high level of maturity, the appearance aspect has not been fully explored. The current thesis addresses the problem of appearance modelling for realistic spatio-temporal representations. We propose a view-independent, high resolution appearance representation that successfully encodes the high visual variability of objects under various movements.First, we introduce a common appearance space to express all the available visual information from the captured images. In this space we define the representation of the global appearance of the subject. We then introduce a linear image formation model to simulate the capturing process and to express the multi-camera observations as different realizations of the common appearance. Identifying that the principle of Super-Resolution technique governs also our multi-view scenario, we extend the image generative model to accommodate it. In our work, we use Bayesian inference to solve for the super-resolved common appearance.Second, we propose a temporally coherent appearance representation. We extend the image formation model to generateimages of the subject captured in a small time interval. Our starting point is the observation thatthe appearance of the subject does not change dramatically in a predefined small time interval and the visual information from each view and each frame corresponds to the same appearance representation.We use Bayesian inference to exploit the visual redundant as well as the hidden non-redundant information across time, in order to obtain an appearance representation with fine details.Third, we leverage the interdependency of geometry and photometry and use it toestimate appearance and geometry in a joint manner. We show that by jointly estimating both, we are able to enhance the geometry globally that in turn leads to a significant appearance improvement.Finally, to further encode the dynamic appearance variability of objects that undergo several movements, we cast the appearance modelling as a dimensionality reduction problem. We propose a view-independent representation which builds on PCA and decomposesthe underlying appearance variability into Eigen textures and Eigen warps. The proposed framework is shown to accurately reproduce appearances with compact representations and to resolve appearance interpolation and completion tasks
Garnier, Mickaël. "Modèles descriptifs de relations spatiales pour l'aide au diagnostic d'images biomédicales." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S015/document.
Full textDuring the last decade, digital pathology has been improved thanks to the advance of image analysis algorithms and calculus power. Particularly, it is more and more based on histology images. This modality of images presents the advantage of showing only the biological objects targeted by the pathologists using specific stains while preserving as unharmed as possible the tissue structure. Numerous computer-aided diagnosis methods using these images have been developed this past few years in order to assist the medical experts with quantitative measurements. The studies presented in this thesis aim at adressing the challenges related to histology image analysis, as well as at developing an assisted diagnosis model mainly based on spatial relations, an information that currently used methods rarely use. A multiscale texture analysis is first proposed and applied to detect the presence of diseased tissue. A descriptor named Force Histogram Decomposition (FHD) is then introduced in order to extract the shapes and spatial organisation of regions within an object. Finally, histology images are described by the FHD measured on their different types of tissue and also on the stained biological objects inside every types of tissue. Preliminary studies showed that the FHD are able to accurately recognise objects on uniform backgrounds, including when spatial relations are supposed to hold no relevant information. Besides, the texture analysis method proved to be satisfactory in two different medical applications, namely histology images and fundus photographies. The performance of these methods are highlighted by a comparison with the usual approaches in their respectives fields. Finally, the complete method has been applied to assess the severity of cancers on two sets of histology images. The first one is given as part of the ANR project SPIRIT and presents metastatic mice livers. The other one comes from the challenge ICPR 2014 : Nuclear Atypia and contains human breast tissues. The analysis of spatial relations and shapes at two different scales achieves a correct recognition of metastatic cancer grades of 87.0 % and gives insight about the nuclear atypia grade. This proves the efficiency of the method as well as the relevance of measuring the spatial organisation in this particular type of images
Dahbi, Radouan. "Conception d’une chaîne de traitements pour la segmentation texture d’images multimodales de pièces de bois en chêne. Application à la détection des singularités et la discrimination du grain du bois." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0143.
Full textThe work presented in this CIFRE thesis, associating CRAN and CRITT Bois for the ANR-OPTIFIN project, contributes to the development of an image processing chain for the texture segmentation of multimodal images of sawn oak timber pieces. The idea is to combine multimodal acquisition techniques in visible and near-infrared (NIR) range with texture analysis methods using covariance matrices and texture segmentation methods in the Riemannian manifold, for the detection of singularities and discrimination of wood grain. In the first chapter, we present a state of the art on automated inspection of wood pieces; with a special focus on hardwood species (e.g. oak) for which inspection is still an open problem. The second chapter deals with the implementation of the multimodal imagery platform (PIM) and the calibration of color, grayscale, direct and scatter images in the visible range and abundance maps, obtained from NIR hyperspectral images. We propose an original methodology for the scatter images by optimizing the acquisition parameters on sawn oak timber pieces. The third chapter concerns the study of the registration of monomodal and multimodal images and the application of a method for the suppression of their background. In the fourth chapter, we propose a texture analysis methodology based on the fusion of multimodal images and/or their textural images (LBP, nriLBP, GLCM and Gradient) by covariance matrices. We exploit the covariance matrices by K-means clustering andk-ppv supervised classification methods, extended to the Riemannian case, for segmentation. In the last chapter, we present results ensuring a relevant and fast segmentation of the covariance matrices. They are obtained after having determined the best parameters for the K-means setting. The clustering results show that the use of multimodal images alone leads to an optimal segmentation of compact singularities. They also show the importance of integrating textural images in the modality sets to obtain a better segmentation of regional type singularities. For wood grain, an efficient segmentation is obtained by using only textural images. Finally, we propose to apply k-ppv in the Riemannian manifold on the selected modalities to obtain a more accurate segmentation
Khalil, Toni. "Processus d’évaluation de la qualité de l’imagerie médicale et outils d’aide à la décision basée sur la connaissance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0351.
Full textThe great progress that medical imaging has offered in the medical sector on the diagnostic level (Conventional Radiology, Computed Tomography, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Interventional Radiology) has pushed medicine to go through this area as the first choice. With an ever-increasing number of diagnostic images produced each year, as well as the recommendations of international organizations requiring low-dose irradiation resulting in enormous noise that can distort the diagnosis, Artificial Intelligence (AI) de-noising methods offer an opportunity to meet growing demand. In this thesis, we quantify the effect of AI-based de-noising on X-ray textural parameters with respect to a convolutional neural network.The study was based on the principle of characterizing the radiographic noise resulting from an X-ray of a water phantom and, generating this noise in a standard dose radiography aimed at producing artificially noisy images, and this in order to be able to feed a neural network by thousands of images to ensure its learning phase. After the learning phase, the testing phase and the inference, human chest X-rays were extracted from the archive to validate the de-noising on human X-rays in RGB and in “greyscale”. The study was done through a water phantom for ethical reasons in order to avoid irradiating people, avoiding voluntary and involuntary patient movements, and ensuring a study based on a homogeneous material (water) which constitutes the majority of the human body. This study is carried out on the one hand on 17 X-rays of a water phantom with different exposure doses to study the noise distribution on different gray scale values and, on the other hand on 25 X-rays divided into 5 groups of 5 images each taken with the same exposure dose without and with adjacent obstacles to study the gain effect of the flat panel detector chosen as the pre-processing means. The noise distribution was detected on two gray levels, i.e. 160 and 180 respectively, and showed a higher level of noise on the 160 level where the absorption of the X-ray beam is greater and, consequently, the quantum effect is most important. Noise scatter diagrams on these two levels have been shown. On the other hand, the presence of obstacles in the same image showed an absorption directly proportional to the number of obstacles next to the water phantom, which triggered a gain factor of the detector which, in its role produces nonlinear trace noise. Texture characteristics of AI-de-noised images compared to artificially noisy radiographs were compared with a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) coefficient. Features with increased PSNR values on RGB images and on greyscale images were considered to be consistent. A test to compare absolute values between AI-de-noised and artificially noisy images was performed. The results of the concordant features report were (38.05/30.06) -100 (26.58%) improvement in RGB versus (35.93/22.21) - 100 (61.77%) improvement in ‘greyscale'. In conclusion, applying AI-based de-noising on X-ray images retains most of the texture information of the image. AI-based de-noising in low-dose radiography is a very promising approach because it adapts de-noising, preserving information where it should
Ploton, Pierre. "Amélioration des estimations de biomasse en forêt tropicale : apport de la structure et de l’organisation spatiale des arbres de canopée." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AGPT0005.
Full textTropical forests store more than half of the world’s forest carbon and are particularly threatened by deforestation and degradation processes, which together represent the second largest source of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Consequently, tropical forests are the focus of international climate policies (i.e. Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, REDD) aiming at reducing forestrelated CO2 emissions. The REDD initiative lies on our ability to map forest carbon stocks (i.e. spatial dynamics) and to detect deforestation and degradations (i.e. temporal dynamics) at large spatial scales (e.g. national, forested basin), with accuracy and precision. Remote-sensing is as a key tool for this purpose, but numerous sources of error along the carbon mapping chain makes meeting REDD criteria an outstanding challenge. In the present thesis, we assessed carbon (quantified through aboveground biomass, AGB) estimation error at the tree- and plot-level using a widely used pantropical AGB model, and at the landscape-level using a remote sensing method based on canopy texture features from very high resolution (VHR) optical data. Our objective was to better understand and reduce AGB estimation error at each level using information on large canopy tree structure, distribution and spatial organization.Although large trees disproportionally contributed to forest carbon stock, they are under-represented in destructive datasets and subject to an under-estimation bias with the pantropical AGB model. We destructively sampled 77 very large tropical trees and assembled a large (pantropical) dataset to study how variation in tree form (through crown sizes and crown mass ratio) contributed to this error pattern. We showed that the source of bias in the pantropical model was a systematic increase in the proportion of tree mass allocated to the crown in canopy trees. An alternative AGB model accounting for this phenomenon was proposed. We also propagated the AGB model bias at the plot-level and showed that the interaction between forest structure and model bias, although often overlooked, might in fact be substantial. We further analyzed the structural properties of crown branching networks in light of the assumptions and predictions of the Metabolic Theory of Ecology, which supports the power-form of the pantropical AGB model. Important deviations were observed, notably from Leonardo’s rule (i.e. the principle of area conservation), which, all else being equal, could support the higher proportion of mass in large tree crowns.A second part of the thesis dealt with the extrapolation of field-plot AGB via canopy texture features of VHR optical data. A major barrier for the development of a broad-scale forest carbon monitoring method based on canopy texture is that relationships between canopy texture and stand structure parameters (including AGB) vary among forest types and regions of the world. We investigated this discrepancy using a simulation approach: virtual canopy scenes were generated for 279 1-ha plots distributed on contrasted forest types across the tropics. We showed that complementing FOTO texture with additional descriptors of forest structure, notably on canopy openness (from a lacunarity analysis) and tree slenderness (from a bioclimatic proxy) allows developing a stable inversion frame for forest AGB at large scale. Although the approach we proposed requires further empirical validation, a first case study on a forests mosaic in the Congo basin gave promising results.Overall, this work increased our understanding of mechanisms behind AGB estimation errors at the tree-, plot- and landscape-level. It stresses the need to better account for variation patterns in tree structure (e.g. ontogenetic pattern of carbon allocation) and forest structural organization (across forest types, under different environmental conditions) to improve general AGB models, and in fine our ability to accurately map forest AGB at large scale
Vacher, Jonathan. "Synthèse de textures dynamiques pour l'étude de la vision en psychophysique et électrophysiologie." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED005/document.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to propose a mathematical model of visual stimulations in order to finely analyze experimental data in psychophysics and electrophysiology. More precisely, it is necessary to develop a set of dynamic, stochastic and parametric stimulations in order to exploit data analysis techniques from Bayesian statistics and machine learning. This problem is important to understand the visual system capacity to integrate and discriminate between stimuli. In particular, the measures performed at different scales (neurons, neural population, cognition) allow to study the particular sensitivities of neurons, their functional organization and their impact on decision making. To this purpose, we propose a set of theoretical, numerical and experimental contributions organized around three principal axes: (1) a Gaussian dynamic texture synthesis model specially crafted to probe vision; (2) a Bayesian observer model that accounts for the positive effect of spatial frequency over speed perception; (3) the use of machine learning techniques to analyze voltage sensitive dye optical imaging and extracellular data. This work, at the crossroads of neurosciences, psychophysics and mathematics is the fruit of several interdisciplinary collaborations
Chini, Maria Rita. "Analyse des hétérogénéités de microstructure et de microtexture héritées par transformation de phase β→α dans des pièces massives en alliage Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al : influence sur la dispersion des propriétés mécaniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0149.
Full textThe β-metastable titanium alloys such as Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al are gradually replacing α/β alloys in aeronautical applications thanks to their improved specific strength. However, their microstructures are complex and multi-scale, consisting of a β matrix (of millimetric grains) partially transformed into primary αp nodules (micrometric) and secondary αs lamellae (sub-micrometric). The final mechanical properties are very sensitive to local variations of the microstructure, which are not always fully controlled during forging of massive parts. Moreover, the β matrix, which represent 40% of the volume and whose elastic and plastic behavior is strongly anisotropic (like the α phase) complicates the understanding of the mechanisms of deformation. The first objective of this thesis was to efficiently characterize the microstructure/texture of the different constituents (β/αp/αs) and their heterogeneities within half-finished products and forged parts by using techniques of multi-scale characterization (neutron diffraction, electronic imaging coupled with image analysis and EBSD, reconstruction of high temperature microtextures β/αp). As a result the fragmentation of the β grains into subgrains, the αp macrozones, the destruction of the orientation relation between β/αp and the organization of the αs lamellae in colonies or basket weave was quantified and the differences in size of domains revealed by crystallography and by standard imaging were pointed out. The second objective is to apply this methodology to the analysis of fracture surfaces of samples exhibiting singular behavior (in tension or in fatigue) in order to characterize the microstructural configurations leading to early cracking. This analysis was mainly performed by manual polishing coupled with EBSD acquisitions but also by using 3D imaging by SEM-FIB (Focus Ion Beam) and TKD (Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction) technique on a thin foil FIB-extracted from the crack initiation site. Finally, this experimental study was completed by a micromechanical simulation on a 100% β model microstructure. The objective was to evaluate the influence of the elastic anisotropy of the β phase on the genesis of incompatibility stresses in the elastic and elasto-plastic regimes. The overall results contribute to a better understanding of the variations of mechanical properties related to the local microstructure
Balé, Antoine. "Homogénéisation et caractérisation de matériaux multiphasiques piézoélectriques (composites de connectivité 1-3 et céramiques texturées) pour les transducteurs ultrasonores sans plomb." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4036.
Full textOwing to their excellent performances, lead-based piezoelectric materials, in particular PZT and its derivatives are commonly used in ultrasound transducer applications (medical imaging, underwater acoustics). However, since the early 2000, the European Union and other countries around the world have introduced several regulations aimed at limiting the use of lead due to its toxicity, leading the scientific community to intensely focus on lead-free materials with properties comparable to their lead-based counterparts.To evaluate ultrasound transducer performances, numerical simulations are performed which require full knowledge of tensorial properties (elastic, piezoelectric and dielectric) of the materials. In the framework of multiphasic piezoelectric material, different homogenization models have been developed in order to determine full effective properties for lead-free and lead-based materials.The first model, aimed towards 1-3 piezocomposites, relies on fitting computed bulk wave velocities obtained by the finite element method for various propagation directions with closed-formed expressions determined using Christoffel’s tensor. The model was implemented for multiple symmetry class and all effective parameters are accurately determined. The model was successfully compared to other models published in literature. By using phase velocities as our main variable, an experimental implementation of our theoretical approach is therefore possible which may not be the case for other models.The second model which was derived for textured ceramics mainly focuses on the determination of thickness mode related parameters and takes into account porosity, which is generally present in these materials, in order to assess its influence on the material’s properties, in particular the thickness mode coupling coefficient kt. In this model, the textured ceramic is considered as a three phase composite (single crystal for the oriented phase, ceramic for the residual matrix and air) and the concept of connectivity is used to describe the spatial arrangement of the microstructure. The determination of the effective parameters is achieved using a matrix method. Results indicates that for a given degree of texture an increase in coupling coefficient kt linked to the presence of porosity is observed and thus highlights the beneficial role of porosity in these materials.A full database for a BCTZ/epoxy resin 1-3 composite was determined using the first model and two BCTZ based transducers were characterized: a single element BCTZ transducer and a 128 element high frequency (20 MHZ) linear array which incorporates a BCTZ/epoxy resin piezocomposite. Results clearly demonstrate that BCTZ crystals are a viable alternative to lead-based materials
Tomasini, Linda. "Apprentissage d'une représentation statistique et topologique d'un environnement." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ESAE0024.
Full textBézy-Wendling, Johanne. "Modélisation vasculaire et analyse de texture." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN10076.
Full textMavromatis, Sébastien. "Analyse de texture et visualisation scientifique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22060.
Full textSukkari, Nabil. "Discours promotionnels touristiques après les printemps arabes : pour une analyse de discours à visée didactique en FOS." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCC010.
Full textThis research focuses on the influences of the "Arab Spring" on the tourist discourse that we approach under two argumentative modalities: tourism advertising and tourism promotion. To deal with this issue, we have collected an iconotexual corpus (text + image) among media resources very varied, distributed between 2011 and 2015 by two representative countries for the scale of their tourism activity (Egypt and Tunisia).The analysis of this corpus is based on the assumption that the various speech genres of our corpus are based on a linguistic and visual conception that is relatively different from the information according to the speech genre and the target on the one hand, and according to the cultural underpinning and psychosocial of a complex virtual ideological image in adequacy with the post-crisis on the other hand. The theoretical framework puts forward this complex virtual image in the form of "imagery", a central psychosocial concept in advertising and tourism promotion thanks to its ability to associate the cultural heritage of representations of the past with expectations, dreams and the wishes aroused by the future tourist adventure put on display in this imagery. The theoretical framework anchors the imagery in different speech genres from their constituent dimensions as the textual, socio-physical and material dimensions in order to identify the linguistic process implemented by the speech genre responsible for the reading contract with the recipient and the mobilization of cultural content.Tunisia and Egypt have not responded in the same way to the impact of the new post-crisis political and security context. Indeed, while Egypt has been content with the classic reproduction of tourist imagery based on the variety of its pharaonic heritage by removing the issue of the geopolitical evolution of spring in post-crisis in its imagery, Tunisia, for its part, has resorted to the combination of discursive and visual argumentation founding an imagery that combines not only tradition and architecture but also the security and modernity of intense tourist experiences.In addition, the Tunisian corpus has been more open to creativity, compared to the Egyptian corpus, through the integration of new very varied genres such as economic or political news articles, literary chronicles, etc. The post-crisis adaptation of the content in a wider range of speech genres from which we have been able to identify the semiolinguistic characteristics through an analysis conducted from a specifically designed grid which has subsequently been translated into didactic translation in the proposal for a French module for Specific Objective (FSO) aimed at acquiring specific professional skills for future tourism professionals in certain Middle Eastern countries whose socio-linguistic context of French is similar to the Egyptian context
Philipp-Foliguet, Sylvie. "Analyse de texture appliquee aux radiographies industrielles." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066479.
Full textPhilipp-Foliguet, Sylvie. "Analyse de texture appliquée aux radiographies industrielles." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376175119.
Full textJournet, Nicholas. "Analyse d’images de documents anciens : une approche texture." La Rochelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LAROS178.
Full textMy phd thesis subject is related to the topic of old documents images indexation. The corpus of old documents has specific characteristics. The content (text and image) as well as the layout information are strongly variable. Thus, it is not possible to work on this corpus such as it usually done with contemporary documents. Indeed, the first tests which we realised on the corpus of the “Centre d’Etude de la Renaissance”, with which we work, confirmed that the traditional approaches (driven –model approaches) are not very efficient because it’s impossible to put assumptions on the physical or logical structure of the old documents. We also noted the lack of tools allowing the indexing of large old documents images databases. In this phd work, we propose a new generic method which permits characterization of the contents of old documents images. This characterization is carried out using a multirésolution study of the textures contained in the images of documents. By constructing signatures related with the frequencies and the orientations of the various parts of a page it is possible to extract, compare or to identify different kind of semantic elements (reference letters, illustrations, text, layout. . . ) without making any assumptions about the physical or logical structure of the analyzed documents. These textures information are at the origin of creation of indexing tools for large databases of old documents images