Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analyse de système multi-agent'
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Irofti, Dina. "Delay effects : a Journey from Multi-agent Systems to Genetic Networks." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS136/document.
This thesis discusses diverse types ofinterconnected systems through networks. Weaddress networks of agents with cooperativetasks and propose a new consensus protocolwith delays and anticipatory agents. We studythe consensus reaching conditions for networksorganized under the proposed model.Moreover, we derive some theoretical results,which can apply to a more general class ofsystems, concerning stability issues when theconsidered system has multiple imaginaryroots. In terms of networks, this situation cancorrespond to the case of switching topologynetworks, when the network can even bedisconnected at some point.We separately discuss the case of zerocharacteristic roots, and roots laying on theimaginary axis, except the origin. Finally, wepropose a gene network model with afunctionality similar to a multiplexer circuit.Thus, we control two outputs with three inputsignals, and we carry out a stability analysis.We prove the uniqueness and the stability ofthe network steady states, and validate thecontinuous and deterministic model with astochastic model
Le, Page Patrick. "Analyse des relations clients-fournisseurs par une approche multi-agent." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ESAE0016.
Kontarinis, Dionysios. "Debate in a multi-agent system : multiparty argumentation protocols." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S025/document.
In this thesis multi-agent argumentation debates are studied. Our work is motivated by the issues which are raised when a large number of users interact and debate on the Web, by exchanging arguments on various topics. These issues are raised on the levels of representing the debating users' knowledge, representing the debate, computing the debate's conclusions, evaluating the debate's quality, defining specific protocols for user interaction, and studying debate strategies which users employ in order to achieve particular goals. This thesis' contribution consists in: a) proposing a way to model a multi-agent argumentation debate where the participants have different types of expertise, and proposing a way to aggregate their opinions; b) offering support to the agent who is arbitrating a debate, proposing a way to evaluate the quality of a debate on the basis of how confident we can be on its conclusions, and proposing solutions for improving the quality of a debate which lacks definite conclusions; c) offering support to the debating agents in order to determine which arguments they should put forward, studying dynamic argumentation systems, studying the potential ways in which an agent can influence a dynamic argumentation system in order to achieve his goal, studying the minimal change allowing an agent to achieve his goal, studying several argumentation strategies based on minimal change; d) defining, studying and evaluating multi-agent argumentation protocols, defining protocols of different types (1) based on numerical argument evaluation and (2) based on argument extensions, using different techniques to ensure a debate's coherence while ensuring some liberty of expression to the agents, and finally performing an important number of experiments (on debates) in order to test various strategies and evaluate them with respect to specific criteria
Sauvage, Sylvain. "Conception de systèmes multi-agents : un thésaurus de motifs orientés agent." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2042.
Kontarinis, Dionysios. "Debate in a multi-agent system : multiparty argumentation protocols." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S025.
In this thesis multi-agent argumentation debates are studied. Our work is motivated by the issues which are raised when a large number of users interact and debate on the Web, by exchanging arguments on various topics. These issues are raised on the levels of representing the debating users' knowledge, representing the debate, computing the debate's conclusions, evaluating the debate's quality, defining specific protocols for user interaction, and studying debate strategies which users employ in order to achieve particular goals. This thesis' contribution consists in: a) proposing a way to model a multi-agent argumentation debate where the participants have different types of expertise, and proposing a way to aggregate their opinions; b) offering support to the agent who is arbitrating a debate, proposing a way to evaluate the quality of a debate on the basis of how confident we can be on its conclusions, and proposing solutions for improving the quality of a debate which lacks definite conclusions; c) offering support to the debating agents in order to determine which arguments they should put forward, studying dynamic argumentation systems, studying the potential ways in which an agent can influence a dynamic argumentation system in order to achieve his goal, studying the minimal change allowing an agent to achieve his goal, studying several argumentation strategies based on minimal change; d) defining, studying and evaluating multi-agent argumentation protocols, defining protocols of different types (1) based on numerical argument evaluation and (2) based on argument extensions, using different techniques to ensure a debate's coherence while ensuring some liberty of expression to the agents, and finally performing an important number of experiments (on debates) in order to test various strategies and evaluate them with respect to specific criteria
Adhikari, Bikash. "Time-scale phenomena in the synchronization of multi-agent systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0079.
Synchronization of multi-agent systems has received significant attention in the literature due to applications in different domains such as physics, biology, economics, medicine, telecommunication, etc. These multi-agent systems can be homogeneous (identical dynamics) or heterogeneous (non-identical dynamics). The major difficulties that arise in the control and analysis of the multi-agent systems are due to the heterogeneity and the network size. Heterogeneous networked systems have more complex dynamic behavior, and asymptotic synchronization may not be guaranteed. At the same time, the large network size increases the computational effort required to study the asymptotic behavior of the network. Also, the communication structure between the agents, which is important for synchronization, can be time-varying, adding more complexity to the problem. In this manuscript, we address these problems utilizing the time-scale phenomena in the synchronization of the multi-agent system. We propose a reduced-order model that approximates the synchronized behavior of the network with both fixed and time-varying topologies and provides a computationally efficient control design strategy based on the time-scale behavior of the networks. The first result presents the emergent dynamic based approximation of the heterogeneous linear multi-agent systems connected over time-varying topology. Using a coordinate transformation, the closed-loop network dynamics is reformulated into mean-field and error dynamics. Then by choosing a sufficiently large coupling gain, we represent the dynamics in new coordinates in standard singular perturbation form. This allows decoupling into reduced-order slow and fast dynamics using time-scale separation. Moreover, due to high gain, the network is practically synchronized, and its synchronized behavior can be approximated by reduced-orderslow dynamics independent of the control gains. The results are ensured for strongly connected networks under fairly mild assumptions by introducing a minimum dwell time between two consecutive switches.The second result proposes a novel three time-scale modeling of the clustered networks. Using a two-stage coordinate transformation, the network dynamics is reformulated into new coordinates, namely, mean-field, intra-cluster error, and inter-cluster error dynamics. Then with a suitable choice of parameters, we show that the network dynamics can be represented in a two-parameter standard singular perturbation form in the new coordinate system. The mean-field dynamics, which is the network's long-term behavior, evolve on the slowest time- scale. The intra-cluster error dynamics, which characterize the synchronization inside clusters, evolve on the fastest time scale. Finally, the inter-cluster error dynamics, which characterizes the synchronization between clusters, is fast with respect to the mean-field one and slow with respect to the intra-cluster one.In the final result, we present a computationally efficient control design strategy for the clustered network. We design a composite synchronizing controller with two terms: one responsible for the intra-cluster synchronization (internal) and the other achieving the synchronization between clusters (external). The internal controller does not require much computational effort since an analytic expression describes it. The external controller, however, is designed through a satisfaction equilibrium approach. In other words, the internal and external controllers are independently designed, and they ensure a guaranteed satisfactory cost for each cluster
Razo, Ruvalcaba Luis Alfonso. "Meta-analysis applied to Multi-agent Software Engineering." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENM107/document.
From a general point of view this thesis addresses an automatic path to build a solution choosing a compatible set of building blocks to provide such a solution to solve a given problem. To create the solution it is considered the compatibility of each available building block with the problem and also the compatibility between each building block to be employed within a solution all together. In the particular perspective of this thesis the building blocks are meta-models and the given problem is a description of a problem that can be solved using software using a multi-agent system paradigm. The core of the thesis proposal is the creation of a process based on a multi-agent system itself. Such a process analyzes the given problem and the available meta-models then it matches both and thus it suggests one possible solution (based on meta-models) for the problem. Nevertheless if no solution is found it also indicates that the problem can not be solved through this paradigm using the available meta-models. The process addressed by the thesis consists of the following main steps: (1) Through a process of characterization the problem description is analyzed in order to locate the solution domain and therefore employ it to choose a list of most domain compatible meta-models as candidates. (2) There are required also meta-model characterization that evaluate each meta-model performance within each considered domain of solution. (3) The matching step is built over a multi-agent system where each agent represents a candidate meta-model. Within this multi-agent system each agent interact with each other in order to find a group of suitable meta-models to represent a solution. Each agent use as criteria the compatibility between their represented candidate meta-model with the other represented meta-models. When a group is found the overall compatibility with the given problem is evaluated. Finally each agent has a solution group. Then these groups are compared between them in order to find the most suitable to solve the problem and then to decide the final group. This thesis focuses on providing a process and a prototype tool to solve the last step. Therefore the proposed path has been created using several concepts from meta-analysis, cooperative artificial intelligence, Bayesian cognition, uncertainty, probability and statistics
Ben, Rejeb Jihene. "Analyse de stabilité et synchronisation des systèmes singulièrement perturbés." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0117/document.
This PhD thesis is dedicated to the study of stability and control design for singularly perturbed systems. In the first part, we introduce and analyze a general class of singularly perturbed linear hybrid systems, in which the slow or fast nature of the variables is mode-dependent. Our stability analysis is based on classical results of Lyapunov’s theory for singularly perturbed systems. A second part of this work presents the design of a decentralized control strategy that allows singularly perturbed multi-agent systems to achieve synchronization with global performance guarantees. To avoid the use of centralized information related to the interconnection network structure, the problem is solved by rewriting the synchronization problem in terms of stabilization of a singularly perturbed uncertain linear system
Taousser, Fatima Zohra. "Analyse de stabilité des systèmes à commutations sur un domaine de temps non-uniforme." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0038/document.
This thesis deals with the stability analysis of switched systems that evolve on non uniform time domain by introducing the time scale theory. We are interested mainly in dynamical linear switched systems defined on particular time scale T = P{tσk ,tk+1} = ∪∞k=0[tσk, tk+1]. The studied system switches between a continuous-time dynamical subsystem on the intervals ∪∞k=0[tσk, tk+1[ and a discrete-time dynamical subsystem on instants ∪∞k=0{tk+1} (a discrete time) with a time-varying discrete step. In a first part, sufficient conditions are given to guarantee the exponential stability of this class of switched systems. Then necessary and sufficient conditions for stability are given by determining a region of exponential stability. In the second part, the stability of this class of switched systems with nonlinear uncertainties, is treated using majoration of the solution, and after that by introducing the approach of a common Lyapunov function. The third part is devoted to the consensus problem under intermittent information transmissions where the closed-loop multi-agent system can be represented as a switched system using a combination of linear continuous-time and linear discrete-time systems
Atohoun, Béthel Christian A. R. K. "Architecture logique d'un système multi agents de suivi multi caméra distribué : exploitation du modèle de croyance transférable." Thesis, Littoral, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DUNK0373/document.
This thesis presents the joint use of the theory of evidence and multiple hypothesis tracking for modeling and managing a system for monitoring multiple cameras in a motorway. The tracking is based on the re-identification of objects (vehicles) on the basis of visuals and times informations. A realization of these concepts results in the design and implementation of a software architecture for multiple agents management of multiple camera tracking system. After presenting the state of the art on the frameworks of uncertainty management and that on information fusion for the matching, and the multi-agent systems, our contribution in this work is on two or three levels. The first was an adaptation of the decision phase of the transferable belief model to incorporate the use of multi-hypotheses tracking as a tool of ambiguity survey in case of indecision in matching situation. The second contribution was a proposition of agent-based software architecture for management of a multiple cameras tracking system. We have proposed the global system modeling as well as agents and their interactions modeling using a personal analysis method but nevertheless inspired by modelisation languages and tolls such as Agent UML, MaSE and others, because there is not yet a standard and normalized tool on the subject. Our third contribution was to begin an implementation of our agent-based software architecture using JADE (Java Agent Development Framework). Some experiment and discussions are presented at the end to lead to our conclusions and perspectives
Joumaa, Hussein. "Analyse des performances d'un système multi-agents par visualisation." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00651829.
The analysis and understanding of computer systems behaviour is an important part in the development cycle. Performance visuali:zation is one of the techniques that can be used to perform a global analysis of a system's behaviour. This technique supports performance debugging. It is essential to identify where and when the ressources are consumed during running time. It pro vides the programmer performance indices and the internai behaviour of the entities in the system. Due to the recent interest in using multi-agent systems in a wide variety of application domains, the analysis and understanding of the internai complex characteristics (interaction, distribution of intelligence, cooperation, coordination, decentralization,. . . ) ofmulti¬agent systems has become a priority. Usually, the behaviour ofa multi-agent system is studied from a global point ofview. The multi-agent system is viewed as a black box where entities interact one with the other in oerder to reach a global goal. Unfortunately, this approach does not provide sufficier information for a complete study ofthe multi-agent system behaviour. A study at the level of the entities composing the multi-agent system is necessar: The performance visualization of a multi-agent system application can be an approach to deal with this problem. Ln this work, we propose an approach to evaluate and to understand the internai behaviour of a multi-agent system application using visualization. We apply this approach on a transport multi-agent application
Joumaa, Hussein. "Analyse des performances d'un système multi-agents par visualisation." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651829.
Billaud, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'Ingénierie de Système de Systèmes : modélisation multi points de vue et analyse de l'impact de l'exigence d'interopérabilité." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS238.
A System of Systems (SdS) is a complex system which is seen as a group of, in most cases, existing and heterogeneous entities (e.g. technical systems or socio-technical called subsystems, actors or organizations or even complex infrastructures that can be considered as SoS) assembled together in order to interact, during a timeframe to produce some kind of capabilities, products or services and to achieve a global mission that a system alone cannot fulfill. Moreover, the SoS has some particular characteristics such as: Operational Independence and Managerial Independence (autonomy), Evolutionary Development, Emergent Behavior, Geographic distribution, Connectivity and Diversity etc. The systems engineering (SE) provides and promotes a set of concepts, principles, processes, standards, an essential use of models (Model Based Systems Engineering - MBSE)and a good practice to design and conduct complex systems. However, even if the System of Systems Engineering (SoSE) shares some common features with the SE, SoS characteristics, assembling, interfacing and interactions between its entities, induce an additional effort, required from the persons responsible of the SoS, over the SE. Therefore, and in order to help these persons in their tasks, it is necessary to conceptualize and develop languages, methods and tolls supports. The SoSE has special needs in terms of modeling and models' verification and validation. Moreover, it requires to have means to simulate and evaluate the global behavior of the SoS and its properties, for example, when it has to face dangerous events (e.g. adding, removing or modifying a component, mission's evolution etc.). The aim is to help designers and engineers to progress in confidence by giving them the means to have SoS models with which the analysis of the SoS properties becomes possible. In this work, a particular attention is given to an important property of the SoS and its components: the interoperability. It is seen here as a summative requirement of components capacities and capabilities to remain compatible, to interoperate and to remain autonomous during the interactions and reversible after it. The interoperability guarantees or, by default, maximizes the capacity of a component to work, harmoniously and without any loss, with another component, in various situations and with an expected level of performance while respecting a set of requirements (stakeholders involved or concerned by the SoS).This thesis consists in formalizing and developing a method to support modeling, model's verification and the analysis of the interoperability in a SoS. Therefore, it is based on 1) a set of concepts and relationships between these concepts to describe a SoS as well as the interoperability property, 2) Domain Specific Modeling Languages (DSMLs) to manipulate these concepts and relationships and thus creating a SoS' model, 3) an operating process and 4) a modeling and verification tools, simulating behavior and evaluation of the interoperability and its impact on the SoS performance, stability and integrity while it is operating
Almeida, James de. "Emergence de l'organisation fonctionnelle d'un système multi-agents." Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN21038.
The thesis presents a research part of a largest project supported by psychologists, ethnologists and automata designers. This research propose a methodology to design a multi-agents system working as a multi-humans system working; more exactly, in the course of activities, without pacification and without optimality systematic search. From ethologic models with the notions of emergence and self-organization in animal societies, from natural language interaction analysis techniques developed in the” groupe de recherche sur les communications”(Nancy 2), we systematize the parallel multi-robots socio-cognitive dynamic resolution problem from its interlocutionnary activity. The peculiarity of this designing process is twofold: on the one hand, the approach is bottom-up - i. E. We determine the pilot's model from the results of inductive and interlocutionary analyses of a conversational corpus; on the other hand, we use a methodology and theories coming from an interactional and constructivist psycho-sociological approach
Perles, Alexandre. "An adaptive multi-agent system for the distribution of intelligence in electrical distribution networks : state estimation." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30017/document.
Electricity plays an increasingly important role in our society. Indeed, we are moving toward the era of "everything electric". The needs evolving, it is mandatory to rethink the way electricity is produced and distributed. This then introduces the concept of an autonomous and intelligent power system called the Smart Grid. The Smart Grid is a concept of electrical network able to support autonomously any changes and faults that may occur. Obviously, the geographical distribution of electrical networks and the environment (weather conditions, ...) make it impossible to predict events that will occur. To do this, this study proposes an innovative agent-based framework as well as the design and implementation of cooperative agents behaviors aiming at solving common power systems related problems: the Load Flow analysis and the State Estimation. These issues have been addressed by the mean of Adaptive Multi-Agent Systems. These systems are known to be efficient to solve complex problems and have the ability to adapt their functioning to the evolutions of their environment. The results obtained show the relevance of using such self-adaptive systems to solve the issues inherent to the Smart Grid
Ben, Rejeb Jihene. "Analyse de stabilité et synchronisation des systèmes singulièrement perturbés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0117.
This PhD thesis is dedicated to the study of stability and control design for singularly perturbed systems. In the first part, we introduce and analyze a general class of singularly perturbed linear hybrid systems, in which the slow or fast nature of the variables is mode-dependent. Our stability analysis is based on classical results of Lyapunov’s theory for singularly perturbed systems. A second part of this work presents the design of a decentralized control strategy that allows singularly perturbed multi-agent systems to achieve synchronization with global performance guarantees. To avoid the use of centralized information related to the interconnection network structure, the problem is solved by rewriting the synchronization problem in terms of stabilization of a singularly perturbed uncertain linear system
Nguyen, Roselyne. "Un système multi-agent pour la machine à dicter vocale MAUD : conception et intégration d'une source de connaissances phonologiques." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10321.
Toledo, Rojas Francisco. "Analyse d'impacts du lancement de procédés innovants : application des théories multicritères pour une évaluation robuste." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0057/document.
This research belongs to the industrial engineering field, focusing on the first stages of the innovation process (Fuzzy Front-End). In a globalized world, where the technology is near to everyone, enterprises are looking for new technologies to be different from their competitors, offering new and better products / services as a strategy to keep or acquire new competitive advantages. Moreover, innovation is a large and continuous process, where different management models are used. But, because of the complexity of the process, no general model is suitable for situations and projects. Thus, the innovation process involves different stakeholders from the company and its environment. These individuals come from different origins (field of knowledge), have different needs, abilities, importance and work under different restrictions (technological or financial resources, work rules, etc.). Consequently, it is essential for the enterprise to identify all the needs of the parts involved in the products. And, a model is required in order to identify the stakeholder’s needs before starting design tasks. This model aims at more robustness in the new product development process and at the reduction of the failure rate when launching new products. Thus, the objective of this PhD thesis is to propose a new method to analyze the impact of the innovation, allowing companies to identify the dynamic actors' needs, to improve the definition of their new products and to adapt to the possible changes of the market. This tool is part of an innovative projects management methodology, used before the elaboration of the functional specifications of a new product. This locates the research in the first stages of development called Fuzzy Front-End: before the genesis of the product. Fuzzy front ends integrate among others the opportunity / needs identification for innovation to the development of the new product decision taking. The proposed approach for the innovation impact analysis (A.I) consists of two stages: the first one intends to model an innovation ecosystem, integrating the relations, the importance of each stakeholder and their individual necessities in regard to the new product. Through a Dynamic Needs Analysis (A.B.D) it will be possible to get the global needs, which represent the whole system, without considering the disturbances of the environment or the impact of the same innovation. Thus, the second stage of the model, through the generation of innovation impact scenarios (S.I.I), evaluates the impact of the innovation the new product may face at its market launching. Due to a new product emergence changes emerge: actors’ performance, their interrelations, the importance and their own needs about the product [...]
Renoult, Adrien. "Analyse des performances d'un système multi-utilisateurs OFDM codé sans accès orthogonal." Cergy-Pontoise, 2005. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/05CERG0264.pdf.
This thesis is about the design and the derivation of the analytical performance of a multi-user multi-carrier (OFDM) coded system. We derive the analytical performance to shorten the simulation time. We use a multi-user detector to increase the rate and the error protection of the system. To obtain the best performance and thanks to the limited number of users (max 4) we will use an optimal maximum likelihood decoder (MAP). We describe an optimal multi-user channel estimator and its impact on the system's performance. We take into account the frequency impairments between users. This frequency impairment are generally negligected and result in a loss of orthogonally between the sub-carriers which decreases the system's performance. At high signal to noise ratio and for a single user the analytical performance the simulations. In the multi-user case there is a gap between the analytical performance and the simulations however they present the correct slope then the correct diversity of the system. We highlight that our system increase the rate and the diversity compared to the single user system and in some case with the MC-CDMA
Dietrich, Florian. "Analyse et contrôle de systèmes de dynamiques d'opinions." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0214/document.
Opinion dynamics systems aroused renewed interest in the Control System Theory and Applied Mathematics communities. This can be explained by the emergence of online social networks and the possibility of exploiting and understanding associated behaviours and data. Opinion dynamic models are special cases of multi-agent systems. These systems have various applications such as controlling the behaviour of a fleet of collaborative robots. A system of opinion dynamics is thus composed of several agents. The state of each agent is then modeled by a real number, which represents the agent's opinion on a certain subject. The mathematical models of opinion dynamics then describe the evolution of agents' opinions over time. Many results have been obtained on the asymptotic behaviour of these systems, notably on convergence towards consensus, when the opinion of all agents of the system tend towards the same value. The less well known transient state also presents interesting phenomena such as the formation of local transient agreements, which are more tricky to define. A study of these phenomena is presented for discrete-time opinion dynamics systems with generic state dependent influence functions. The main contribution proposes a criterion for detecting the formation of these local agreements, as well as a prediction of the duration during which this criterion is verified. The second part of this thesis focuses on opinion dynamics in continuous time in which one of the agents, called leader, has a particular role: the evolution of its opinion is controllable. For systems with time and state-dependent influence functions and under certain conditions, a control law is presented that allows the leader to gather all agents in its neighbourhood in finite time and then steer them to a desired consensus value. In addition, the problem of time optimal control which consists in bringing all agents together in the neighborhood of the leader in minimal time is also examined for the case of only state-dependent influence functions. The Pontryagin Maximum Principle specifies the class of admissible optimal controls with implicit expressions within a general framework. For the particular case where there is no interaction between agents, the time-optimal control law has been obtained in practice for any initial conditions
Mourou, Pascal. "Planification et contrôle d'exécution dans un monde multi-agent : copilote pour véhicule en circulation autoroutière." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30135.
Chaabi, Youness. "Apport des Systèmes Multi-Agent et de la logique floue pour l'assistance au tuteur dans une communauté d'apprentissage en ligne." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BELF0293/document.
The growing importance of online training has put emphasis on the role of remote tutoring. A whole new area of research, dedicated to environment for human learning (EHL), is emerging. We are concerned with this field. More specifically, we will focus on the monitoring of learners.The instrumentation and observation of learners activities by exploiting interaction traces in the EHL and the development of indicators can help tutors to monitor activities of learners and support them in their collaborative learning process. Indeed, in a learning situation, the teacher needs to observe the behavior of learners in order to build an idea about their involvement, preferences and learning styles so that he can adapt the proposed activities. As part of the automatic analysis of collaborative learner¿s activities, we describe a multi agent approach for supporting learning activities in a Virtual Learning Environment context. In order to assist teachers who monitor learning processes, viewed as a specific type of collaboration, the proposed system estimates a behavioral (sociological) profile for each student. This estimation is based on automatic analysis of students textual asynchronous conversations. The determined profiles are proposed to the teacher and may provide assistance toteacher during tutoring tasks. The system was experimented with students of the master "software quality" of the Ibn Tofail University. The results obtained show that the proposed approach is effective and gives satisfactory results
Peña-Torres, Daniel. "Vers une gestion durable des ressources : une approche d'ingénierie des systèmes de processus pour les interfaces eau-énergie-alimentation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP043.
Water, energy, and food are critical resources required to meet basic human needs, ensure economic development, and achieve sustainable development goals. Global demand for these resources is steadily rising due to population growth and climate change. Compared to their 2012 values, reliance on water, energy, and food is projected to increase respectively by 40, 50, and 35 percent by the year 2050. In addition, it is expected that the atmosphere will continue to warm up during the twenty-first century, putting even more pressure on energy use, water availability, and food production. These pressures can result in conflicts, for example, over disputed land and resources. To ensure safe access to water, energy, and food for human development, it is important for planners and policy makers to incorporate various vulnerabilities when designing strategies to reduce climate risks. Moreover, water, energy, and food are highly interrelated, presenting both synergisms and trade-offs along their supply chains. The connection of these three resources and the study of their interdependencies has been referred to in the literature as the Water Energy Food Nexus (WEFN). This dissertation explores the Water Energy Food Nexus, examining the intricate interdependencies and potential conflicts along their supply chain.Within the challenges present in WEFN systems, effective decision-making tools are indispensable. Process Systems Engineering (PSE) tools offer promising avenues for managing WEFN systems. This thesis conducts a thorough literature review, identifying gaps in existing optimization models for WEFN management. Subsequently, a generic multi-objective optimization model is formulated and applied to a real-case study at a regional scale, with sensitivity analyses revealing diverse scenarios. Recognizing the roles of various agents and actors within WEFN systems, a multi-agent analysis, coupled with a multi-criteria decision analysis is executed. The tools and methodologies developed in this study not only contribute to the PSE community, but also provide benchmarks for a comparative analysis of WEFN systems. This research emphasizes the vital role of PSE in addressing complexities of WEFN systems, offering insights for planners and policymakers dealing with the critical interdependencies of water, energy, and food resources
Postat, Valentin. "Représentation et optimisation de maillage structuré par blocs à l'aide de systèmes multi-agents." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG003.
This thesis deals with the representation and generation of block-structured hexahedral meshes. To date, there is no method for generating satisfactory block structures for any geometric domain. In practice, expert engineers generate these meshes using interactive software, which can take several weeks to complete. Moreover, adding modification operations in these interactive softwares is a delicate task to maintain the coherence of the block structure and its relationship with the geometric domain to be discretized. In order to improve this process, we first propose to define hexahedral mesh manipulation operations based on the use of the generalized map model. Then, by considering block structures obtained using the Polycube method, we provide methods for optimizing the topology of these structures to satisfy constraints of a geometric nature. We propose a first method in dimension 2, which considers a local approach to the problem based on the experience of engineers working with interactive software. We then propose a second method, this time using ant colony optimization meta-heuristics for leaf selection in dimension 3
Badard, Thierry. "Propagation des mises à jour dans les bases de données géographiques multi-représentations par analyse des changements géographiques." Marne-la-Vallée, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MARN0141.
Bruel, Jean-Yves. "Contribution à la conception d'un système multi-modèles d'aide à la décision en analyse financière." Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10050.
The necessity of delimiting a financial or and economic situation in a simple clear rapid way without being an expert has led us to define the multimodal financial analyser. In order to facilitate the working out of the diagnosis, this new tool, which is fully integrated with all the office automation software and the great databases, makes it possible to achieve a complete continuous chain. Starting from any common raw data concerning a firm, an economic sector or a group, the chain rapidly and effortlessly results in a synthesis related either to algorithmic methods or heuristic ones
Moreno-Ortega, Beatriz. "Instabilité développementale chez les racines latérales du maïs : une analyse multi-échelle." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSAM0022/document.
In the perspective of a second Green Revolution, aiming, unlike the first one, to enhance yields of crops in a low fertility context, the strategies used by plants for an optimal uptake of soil nutrients are at the core of the problem. To solve it and identify ideal breeds among the genetic diversity of crops, plant root systems, their development and their architecture, are called upon to play the leading role. The variability among secondary roots appears as a crucial feature for the optimality of soil exploration and acquisition of mobile and immobile resources, but this phenomenon remains poorly understood. The work presented in this thesis focuses on the lateral roots of maize (Zea mays L.) and attempts to unravel the processes at the origin of intrinsic variations in lateral root development. It relies notably on the phenotyping of individual lateral roots at an unprecedented scale, tracking the daily growth of thousands of them at a high spatial resolution, in order to characterize precisely the spatio-temporal variations existing both between and within root individuals. Individual growth rate profiles were analyzed with a statistical model that identified three main temporal trends in growth rates leading to the definition of three lateral root classes with contrasted growth rates and growth duration. Differences in lateral root diameter at root emergence (originating at the primordium stage) were likely to condition the followed growth trend but did not seem enough to entirely determine lateral root fate. Lastly, these lateral root classes were randomly distributed along the primary root, suggesting that there is no local inhibition or stimulation between neighbouring lateral roots. In order to explain the origin of the observed differences in growth behaviour, we complemented our study with a multi-scale characterization of groups of lateral roots with contrasted growth at a cellular, anatomical and molecular level. A particular focus is set on the analysis of cell length profiles in lateral root apices for which we introduced a segmentation model to identify developmental zones. Using this method, we evidenced strong modulations in the length of the division and elongation zones that could be closely related to variations in lateral root growth. The regulatory role of auxin on the balance between cellular proliferation and elongation processes is demonstrated through the analysis of mutant lines. Ultimately, variations in lateral root growth are traced back to the allocation of carbon assimilates and the transport capacity of the root, suggesting that a feedback control loop mechanism could play a determinant role in the setting out of contrasted lateral root growth trends
Pilon, Nadine. "Etude et modélisation d'une architecture multi-processeur à hautes performances." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066190.
Maitre, Julien. "Détection et analyse des signaux faibles. Développement d’un framework d’investigation numérique pour un service caché Lanceurs d’alerte." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS020.
This manuscript provides the basis for a complete chain of document analysis for a whistleblower service, such as GlobalLeaks. We propose a chain of semi-automated analysis of text document and search using websearch queries to in fine present dashboards describing weak signals. We identify and solve methodological and technological barriers inherent to : 1) automated analysis of text document with minimum a priori information,2) enrichment of information using web search 3) data visualization dashboard and 3D interactive environment. These static and dynamic approaches are used in the context of data journalism for processing heterogeneous types of information within documents. This thesis also proposed a feasibility study and prototyping by the implementation of a processing chain in the form of a software. This construction requires a weak signal definition. Our goal is to provide configurable and generic tool. Our solution is based on two approaches : static and dynamic. In the static approach, we propose a solution requiring less intervention from the domain expert. In this context, we propose a new approach of multi-leveltopic modeling. This joint approach combines topic modeling, word embedding and an algorithm. The use of a expert helps to assess the relevance of the results and to identify topics with weak signals. In the dynamic approach, we integrate a solution for monitoring weak signals and we follow up to study their evolution. Wetherefore propose and agent mining solution which combines data mining and multi-agent system where agents representing documents and words are animated by attraction/repulsion forces. The results are presented in a data visualization dashboard and a 3D interactive environment in Unity. First, the static approach is evaluated in a proof-of-concept with synthetic and real text corpus. Second, the complete chain of document analysis (static and dynamic) is implemented in a software and are applied to data from document databases
Dietrich, Florian. "Analyse et contrôle de systèmes de dynamiques d'opinions." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0214.
Opinion dynamics systems aroused renewed interest in the Control System Theory and Applied Mathematics communities. This can be explained by the emergence of online social networks and the possibility of exploiting and understanding associated behaviours and data. Opinion dynamic models are special cases of multi-agent systems. These systems have various applications such as controlling the behaviour of a fleet of collaborative robots. A system of opinion dynamics is thus composed of several agents. The state of each agent is then modeled by a real number, which represents the agent's opinion on a certain subject. The mathematical models of opinion dynamics then describe the evolution of agents' opinions over time. Many results have been obtained on the asymptotic behaviour of these systems, notably on convergence towards consensus, when the opinion of all agents of the system tend towards the same value. The less well known transient state also presents interesting phenomena such as the formation of local transient agreements, which are more tricky to define. A study of these phenomena is presented for discrete-time opinion dynamics systems with generic state dependent influence functions. The main contribution proposes a criterion for detecting the formation of these local agreements, as well as a prediction of the duration during which this criterion is verified. The second part of this thesis focuses on opinion dynamics in continuous time in which one of the agents, called leader, has a particular role: the evolution of its opinion is controllable. For systems with time and state-dependent influence functions and under certain conditions, a control law is presented that allows the leader to gather all agents in its neighbourhood in finite time and then steer them to a desired consensus value. In addition, the problem of time optimal control which consists in bringing all agents together in the neighborhood of the leader in minimal time is also examined for the case of only state-dependent influence functions. The Pontryagin Maximum Principle specifies the class of admissible optimal controls with implicit expressions within a general framework. For the particular case where there is no interaction between agents, the time-optimal control law has been obtained in practice for any initial conditions
Guewouo, Thomas. "Système Intégré et Multi-Fonctionnel de Stockage Electrique-Thermique avec l’Option de Tri-Génération." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4009/document.
To address climate change, the transition to a decarbonized energy system is self-evident. The renewable energy sources to support this energy transition are intermittent. Therefore, they should be coupled at an electrical storage system to ensure the reliability of power system using same. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) happens to be one of these technologies of energy storage. Unfortunately, in its current configuration, CAES requires the combustion of natural gas during the discharging periods to improve the global energy efficiency of system. This work contributes to the reduction of the environmental footprint of compressed air energy storage by proposing a small-scale CAES using no fossil fuel energy source. Initially, a careful thermodynamic modeling of such a storage system is made according to the types of components chosen and to their thermal behavior (adiabatic or polytropic). Subsequently, for demonstrating its feasibility, a comprehensive experimental investigation was performed on experimental prototype existing in our lab. The very low experimental conversion efficiency obtained (4%) although confirming the technical feasibility, it has suggested that the proposed storage system should be optimized. A modified real coded genetic algorithm to stabilize and accelerate its convergence is documented here and used to identify a set of thirteen parameters who maximize the global exergy efficiency of proposed electric energy storage system. The result of the optimization indicates that in the optimum operating point, the electrical efficiency of storage system is about 20% for a round trip efficiency of 75%
Douania, Inès. "Multi-scales, multi-physics personalized HD-sEMG model for the evaluation of skeletal muscle aging." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COMP2679.
The muscle aging, as a disease entity, is known as Sarcopenia. It is defined as a reduction of muscle strength/force accompanied by a loss of muscle mass and a decline in physical functions. The current methodologies used in clinical practice to assess this aging disease, are rather limited to capture the features of this decline at the macroscopic scale. Factors such as the loss of Motor Units (motor unit (MU) is made up of a motoneuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers innervated by the neuron's axon terminals), the atrophy of fibers and the disorder of the neural recruitment pattern are shown to have a clear influence on muscular function. However, diagnosing sarcopenia by only measuring the muscle strength and/or muscle mass is not enough accurate and cannot alert an early loss of muscular function. The inner scales (MU and fiber scale age-related changes) reflecting that loss of muscle mass and strength during aging are more interesting to exploit. Thus, recent studies, based on the surface electromyography (sEMG) technique, have demonstrated the great potential of this technique to be used as a biomarker to detect early signs of sarcopenic muscles. In fact, the sEMG signal is the electrical response of the muscle activation managed by the Central Nervous System (CNS). It is measured with a noninvasive manner at the skin surface using surface electrodes and can be correlated efficiently to the mechanical response of muscle activation. Moreover, mathematical models of sEMG signal can form a useful alliance with sEMG experimental measures and processing to identify and/or quantify bio-indicators (i.e., anatomical, and neural muscle parameters) of a healthy, early, accelerated or sarcopenic muscle aging. In this thesis work, we have used a fast and optimized electrical model describing the electrical activity of the muscle at the skin surface using High Density sEMG technique (HD-sEMG), developed in our laboratory team. The reduced computational time of this model is the major key feature to perform the identification of aging indicators using inverse methods and HD-sEMG technique. However, this identification needs pre-aided-methods such as the sensitivity and the identifiability analysis. Moreover, when dealing with this model, we have observed important limitations such as lack of physiological realism (e.g., MUS territories and the number of fibers per muscle), personalization (e.g., same recruitment pattern for young and elder subject), and simplicity (e.g., adjustment of 50 model parameters according to age and gender). These limitations restrain the use of this model in muscle aging diagnosis. Therefore, we aimed in this thesis to address the limitations of this model and deliver more realistic and user-friendly model to evaluate muscle aging. Therefore, in this work, we first propose an Improved Morris Sensitivity Analysis (IMSA) applied on the developed model. This analysis was performed on young and elder simulated subjects (at low and high force level). Using this IMSA, we success to spotlight with accuracy the influential neuromuscular parameters/factors for each age category, at each force level, and for each statistic feature computed over the HD-sEMG signals. Furthermore, using IMSA, we have outlined the model inaccuracies and limitations mentioned above. To address these limitations, we have modified the model schema implementation to be easier to manipulate (user-friendly model), with less error and inconsistency risks. Only the age and the gender of subject became needed as model entries to initiate a simulation of HD-sEMG signals. All other parameters necessary in simulations are then estimated through "statistical" models. The statistical models employ regression analysis to estimate the relation Parameter versus Age. A bibliographic research reporting these morphological and structural changes according to age, gender, and Biceps Brachii muscle was done
Zgaya, Hayfa. "Conception et optimisation distribuée d'un système d'information d'aide à la mobilité urbaine : Une approche multi-agent pour la recherche et la composition des services liés au transport." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00160802.
Ces travaux de recherche visent à mettre en œuvre un Système d'Information de Transport Multimodal (SITM) pour optimiser la gestion de flux des requêtes utilisateurs qui peuvent être nombreuses et simultanées. Dans ce cas, le SITM doit pouvoir procéder par des processus de décomposition des requêtes simultanées en un ensemble de tâches indépendantes. Chaque tâche correspond à un service qui peut être proposé par plusieurs fournisseurs d'information, en concurrence, avec différents couts, formats et temps de réponse. Un fournisseur d'information voulant proposer ses services via le SITM, doit d'abord y enregistrer son système d'information, en assumant la responsabilité des aspects juridiques et qualitatifs de ses données. Le SITM est donc lié à un Réseau informatique Etendu et distribué de Transport Multimodal (RETM) qui comporte plusieurs sources d'information hétérogènes des différents services proposés aux utilisateurs de transport.
L'aspect dynamique, distribué et ouvert du problème, nous a conduits à adopter une modélisation multi-agent pour assurer au système une évolution continue et une flexibilité pragmatique. Le système multi-agent proposé s'appuie sur les métaheuristiques pour la recherche et la composition des services; la recherche des services se base sur le paradigme Agent Mobile (AM) utilisant un algorithme d'optimisation dynamique de construction des Plans De Routes (PDR). Cette première étape d'optimisation prépare les parcours des AMs en prenant en considération l'état du RETM. La composition des services utilise les algorithmes évolutionnistes pour optimiser les réponses en termes de coût et de temps, sachant qu'une réponse à une requête utilisateur ne doit pas dépasser un temps maximum autorisé et qu'un utilisateur cherche toujours à avoir le meilleur rapport qualité prix pour les services qu'il demande.
Enfin, le SITM prend en considération les éventuelles perturbations sur le RETM (pannes, goulets d'étranglements, etc.) pour satisfaire les requêtes utilisateurs dans tous les cas de figure. Dans ce contexte, nous avons créé un protocole de négociation entre les agents mobiles et les agents responsables des choix des fournisseurs d'information pour les services demandés, ces agents sont appelés agents Ordonnanceurs. Le protocole proposé dépasse les limites d'une communication agent traditionnelle, ce qui nous a incités à associer au système une ontologie flexible qui permet d'automatiser les différents types d'échanges entre les agents grâce à un vocabulaire approprié.
Les résultats expérimentaux présentés dans cette thèse justifient l'utilisation du paradigme agent mobile dans notre système qui remplace parfaitement bien les paradigmes classiques telle que l'architecture client/serveur. Les simulations présentées montrent différents scénarios de gestion d'un nombre des requêtes simultanées plus ou moins important. En effet, quelque soit le nombre de requêtes utilisateurs formulées pendant un court laps de temps , le système se charge de leur décomposition, de l'identification des services demandés et des fournisseurs d'information susceptibles d'y répondre.
Giraud, Tristan. "Hydrogels supramoléculaires mono- et multi-composés formés d'hybrides peptides/acides nucléiques : synthèse, caractérisation et analyse multi-échelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0226.
At the tenuous frontier between the solid and the liquid states, soft matter is focusing intense research interest. In particular, gels draw scientists’ attention due to their ability to fix a large amount of solvent either organic (organogels) or aqueous (hydrogels). The latter are predominantly made of polymers and find dozens of applications from industry to daily life. However, over the last twenty years, a new kind of hydrogels has appeared: the peptide-based hydrogels. Indeed, depending on their amino acid sequences, peptides can self-assemble to form supramolecular assemblies which give rise to higher-level structures, namely fibrils, fibres and eventually complex tridimensional networks. Thanks to their inherent advantages in terms of biocompatibility and biodegradability, peptides are highly relevant to develop hydrogel materials for numerous applications, mainly in the biomedical domain. However, the rational design of such hydrogels remains difficult because of a lack of understanding of the relationships between the primary structure of peptides and the resulting properties. This limitation prevents researchers to develop new hydrogels with finely controlled physicochemical and mechanical properties.In this context, we report herein on the development of new series of bio-inspired peptide-based structures forming hydrogels and their multiscale analyses from the supramolecular scale to the mechanical characterisations. Thus, we first discuss the rational design, synthesis and characterisation of hybrid DNA-nucleobase-incorporating peptide derivatives, also termed nucleopeptides, comprised of an heptapeptide functionalized with one of the four DNA nucleobases (i.e., adenine, thymine, guanine or cytosine). Interestingly, the incorporation of a nucleobase induces significant modulations of their physical and structural gel properties, self-assembling kinetics and mechanical properties (e.g., with drastic enhancements of the elastic moduli or resistances to stress, and remarkable thermal reversibilities), depending on the nature of the nucleobase. To further understand the origins of such differences, all the mono-component hydrogels have been subsequently studied at the mesoscopic and then at lower scales, highlighting the impact of nucleic acids on the supramolecular organization.Then, to develop new hydrogel materials with more tuneable properties, we have focused our attention on the development of multicomponent nucleopeptide-based hydrogels. The multicomponent approach consists of the association of several constituents, which can interact in different ways, to obtain new hydrogels for which, in some instances, the resulting properties are greater than the sum of their parts. Thus, taking advantage of the presence of nucleobases and their inherent ability to self-assemble, we discuss the use of nucleopeptides to formulate multicomponent hydrogels and the impact of such mixtures on the structural, physicochemical and mechanical properties compared to the monocomponent approach. We show that mixing peptides and/or nucleopeptides bearing complementary nucleobases allows a control of the mechanical properties of the hydrogels. A multiscale analysis based on a large panel of techniques has provided new knowledge on the interaction behaviour of nucleopeptides and their subsequent consequences on the supramolecular assemblies, on the nanoobjects formed and on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the resulting hydrogels.Thus, through a multiscale analysis approach of original series of nucleopeptide-based hydrogels, this work provides a better understanding of the relationships between structures and properties, highlighting the high potential of nucleopeptides to develop mono or multicomponent supramolecular hydrogels with optimized and well-controlled properties, thanks to a rational design
Degas, Augustin. "Auto-structuration de trafic temps-réel multi-objectif et multi-critère dans un monde virtuel." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30058.
In many areas, simulation is a powerful tool to learn, visualize, and understand the impact of a decision at a given time on the entire system. The area of air navigation is not an exception. Air traffic simulation tools are essential in air traffic management, and must be able to generate a wide variety of realistic scenarios while taking into account different constraints observable by a simulation user, called situations such as traffic density, a flow typology, collisions, a weather event, or any other emerging event. Structuring traffic simulation to achieve realism and different situations is a complex task, given the many objectives and criteria to meet, the diversity of mobile entities and their multiple interactions, and the dynamics of the environment. In the field of air navigation, this complexity is very often managed by humans, whether by the scriptwriter expert who generates the traffic scenario after several hours of trial and error, or by human actors during the simulation that manage the real-time adaptation of the traffic if needed. Traditional resolution approaches have shown their limits to face the complexity of these applications. In this thesis, we propose to solve real-time structuring of a multi-objective traffic simulation by using the AMAS theory (Adaptive Multi-Agents Systems). In these systems, agents pursue local goals and interact in a cooperative manner. By their local interactions, the system is more robust and self-adapt to the dynamics of the environment, allowing the global function to emerge. After several studies, this theory has shown its adequacy to solve complex and dynamic problems. The objective of this work is to model and specialize this theory for the real-tile structuring of multi-objective and multi-criteria traffic simulation. For this purpose, the AGATS agent model with cooperative and local behaviors and interactions has been defined. This model is composed of two sub-models, AGEAS, for structuring the simulation according to a scenario, and CAAMAS, for enabling mobile entities to self-adapt to the scenarios and dynamics of the simulation. The results of the instantiation of these two models for air traffic simulation show the adequacy of the proposed approach for autonomous scenario generation
Vuillod, Bruno. "Stratégie de modélisation multi-fidélité via une approche système incluant des métamodèles basés sur les entités NURBS." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024HESAE003.
The more complex the problem, the greater the amount of computational resources needed to simulate it. On the other hand, the need for accuracy in the results of a system will not be the same depending on its design phase and the domain studied. The goal of this thesis is to propose a fast, low-cost multi-fidelity modeling strategy. To meet this need, a hybrid modeling approach is developed that combines Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE) and a metamodel based on Non-Uniform Rational Basis-Spline (NURBS) hypersurfaces. More specifically, the scientific challenge of this work is to develop a metamodel based on NURBS entities to simulate the behavior of highly nonlinear systems that require high fidelity modeling but are capable of providing results in real time to be compatible with the MBSE approach. In this context, the NURBS entity-based metamodel is obtained as a solution to an optimization problem solved with a gradient algorithm. In addition, a smoothing term is included in the problem formulation, not only to reduce the influence of any spurious nonlinearities in the training database, but also to limit the phenomenon of overfitting. The technical and scientific challenge of this work is to couple the general MBSE approach with the NURBS-based metamodel
Belghache, Elhadi. "AMAS4BigData : analyse dynamique de grandes masses de données par systèmes multi-agents adaptatifs." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30149.
Understanding data is the main purpose of data science and how to achieve it is one of the challenges of data science, especially when dealing with big data. The big data era brought us new data processing and data management challenges to face. Existing state-of-the-art analytics tools come now close to handle ongoing challenges and provide satisfactory results with reasonable cost. But the speed at which new data is generated and the need to manage changes in data both for content and structure lead to new rising challenges. This is especially true in the context of complex systems with strong dynamics, as in for instance large scale ambient systems. One existing technology that has been shown as particularly relevant for modeling, simulating and solving problems in complex systems are Multi-Agent Systems. The AMAS (Adaptive Multi-Agent Systems) theory proposes to solve complex problems for which there is no known algorithmic solution by self-organization. The cooperative behavior of the agents enables the system to self-adapt to a dynamical environment so as to maintain the system in a functionality adequate state. In this thesis, we apply this theory to Big Data Analytics. In order to find meaning and relevant information drowned in the data flood, while overcoming big data challenges, a novel analytic tool is needed, able to continuously find relations between data, evaluate them and detect their changes and evolution over time. The aim of this thesis is to present the AMAS4BigData analytics framework based on the Adaptive Multi-agent systems technology, which uses a new data similarity metric, the Dynamics Correlation, for dynamic data relations discovery and dynamic display. This framework is currently being applied in the neOCampus operation, the ambient campus of the University Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier
Lesbegueries, Julien. "Plate-forme pour l'indexation spatiale multi-niveaux d'un corpus territorialisé." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00258534.
Nous proposons en effet une méthode de recherche d'information spatiale multi-niveaux indexant un corpus textuel brut. Cette méthode qui extrait l'information d'un corpus et l'interprète, permet d'améliorer l'efficacité de systèmes de recherche d'information à chaque fois que l'interrogation comporte une connotation spatiale. L'interprétation permet en outre de retrouver le contexte dans lequel l'information spatiale a été utilisée. En particulier, elle permet d'indexer des unités de texte en leur associant des contextes de type itinéraire, description locale ou comparaison de lieux.
Zong, Cong. "Système embarqué de capture et analyse du mouvement humain durant la marche." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839442.
Mbala, Hikolo Aloys. "Analyse, conception, spécification et développement d'un système multi-agents pour le soutien des activités en formation à distance." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/edutice-00000429.
Apete, Geoffroy Kokou. "Optimisation médico-économique et organisation des services d'urgences hospitalières : apport des systèmes multi-agents." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00668083.
Boulet, Xavier. "Articulation d’échelles en simulation de mobilité." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2021.
Mobility surveys and studies generally concern large geographical areas and consider extensive and multimodal transport networks. In addition, very local mobility issues, on a neighborhood scale, require special modeling and allow realistic simulation of travel and supervision on a smaller scale. Other mobility contexts call for different scales of representation of space, time, and modeled entities. This question of simulation scales is crucial in transport studies in order to best adapt the used models to the addressed problems. Some studies require multi-scale simulations in order to obtain the combined advantages of the different scales and to change the observation point of view according to the simulated area. Thus, several ad hoc solutions for specific cases exist in the literature. This thesis proposes a model and a generic tool that can be used for many cases of multi-scale simulations. The proposed solution is a middleware allowing to make two existing simulators of different scales work together with minimal modifications. The middleware coordinates the simulators and allows the execution of a correct and consistent multi-scale simulation. Experiments show that the middleware improves the relevance of the mutual corrections of the simulators and the relative ease of integration with existing simulators. When advanced scheduling of simulators is required, coordination of simulators comes at the cost of higher execution time, linked to the mutual waiting of simulations and the re-execution of certain time steps
Démare, Thibaut. "Une approche systémique à base d'agents et de graphes dynamiques pour modéliser l'interface logistique port-métropole." Thesis, Le Havre, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEHA0021/document.
A logistic system is an essential component of a spatial system. Actors are organised around infrastructures in order to move different kinds of flow (of goods, of information, or financial) over a territory. The logistic organisation comes from an auto-organised and distributed process from the actors. This works aims to understand, at different scales, how autonomous and heterogeneous actors (according to their goals and methods to take decisions) are collectively organised around infrastructures to manage different kinds of flow, and despite numerous constraints (temporal, spatial,...). We propose an agent-based model which allows to simulate the processes to create and organise logistic flow over a territory. The model describes an interface between international and urban flow in order to understand how the port and urban dynamics work together. The model integrates a structural and organisational dynamics thanks to dynamic graphs in order to represent the evolution of this kind of system. Thus, the agents can adapt themselves to system's perturbations as in the reality
Kammoun, Abla. "Contributions à l'estimation aveugle et semi-aveugle et analyse de performance." Phd thesis, Telecom ParisTech, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00560663.
Le, guyadec Mathias. "Dimensionnement multi-physique des véhicules hybrides, de leurs composants et de la commande du système." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT071/document.
Road transportation has a huge impact on the environment. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) are an interesting alternative, especially for urban uses. However, HEV are complex systems to design because of the strong interaction between the component sizing, the energy management and the driving cycle.V. Reinbold previously developed a sizing methodology for HEV. The components and the energy management are simultaneously optimized to reduce the fuel consumption of the vehicle over a driving cycle. A specific electromagnetic model is used during the optimization process to describe accurately the electrical machine.As a continuation, we introduce firstly the possibility to deal with discrete variables such as the pole number of the electrical machine. Then, we develop a thermal model of the machine considering the convection exchanges around the end-windings. This analytical lumped parameter thermal network is used during the optimization process after being validated thanks to a finite element model. Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis are used to check the influence of some of the thermal parameters. Finally, the sizing methodology is applied to a series/parallel HEV including two electrical machines
Gurung, Tayan Raj. "Analyse comparée de l'usage de la modélisation d'accompagnement pour faciliter la gestion adaptative de l'eau agricole au Bouthan." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100037/document.
The customary regime of NRM in Bhutan faces greater challenges from economic development, rapid transformation of social values, local institutions and traditional perceptions on NR. Although Bhutan is projected rich in water resource for hydropower potentials, water for agriculture and domestic use is fast becoming scarcer and highly contested. As the water becomes scarce the people living in highlands are most severely affected. A detail diagnostic study of two communities, Lingmuteychu depedent of irrigated rice and Kengkhar depedent on dryland farming presents two situations of water resource issues. In Lingmuteychu the conflict of irrigation water sharing for cultivation of rice among seven villages has been inflicting restentment in all aspect of society. In contrary, in Kengkhar has been facing drinking water scarcity as the natural spring ponds dry, which forces people to walk from more than five hours to fetch water from the river. In these two sites Companion Modelling was applied to enhance understanding of water resource management dynamics and improve shared communication and learning to facilitate adaptative management dynamics and improve shared communication and learning to facilitate adaptative management strategies. The study provides as comparison of the process followerd in two sites with analysis of impacts and effects from the process. The research illustrates fow ComMod process help develop trust and and commitment in the conflicting community and pave pathways to develop social capital for adaptive management of water resource. The process was able to foster shared learning and co-construct collective actions which were implementable. The research also revealed the important role of the researchers in furthering and sustaining newly achieved cooperation. The ABMs provided an opportunity to re-create different water resource management strategies which could be used as options for the community. The research also demonstrates the feasibility of applying the ComMod approach in different fields of NRM
Moussaoui, Abdelhak. "Etude, analyse et réalisation d'un système de choix automatique de scènes dans le cadre d'une thérapie par mise en situation virtuelle pour la phobie sociale." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ036S/document.
In this work, we report on the study of the optical responses of nanocrystals semiconductor based II-VI. Here we have determined the optical properties of nanostructured ZnTe, ZnS and 'ZnS:Mn' by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). We have obtained the dielectric function and optical transitions of NC-ZnTe by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the spectral range 0.6 à 6.5 eV. The influence of the NC size on the optical properties and on the optical transitions was also shown. The optical responses were extracted using two models: the generalized critical points model of Adachi and the Tauc-Lorentz dispersion formula. Throughout this work we have tried to contribute to the understanding of absorption processes in semiconductor NC with a nondestructive technique by tacking into account the phenomena related to quantum confinement. Despite the indirect nature of ellipsometry requiring a good knowledge of the sample, we demonstrated that it is able to determine several properties of NC (complex refractive index, absorption coefficient, energy gap, optical transition energies, NC of excess, thick layers of silica) and even to take account into defects due to implantation
Perrin, Blin Caroline. "Etude comparative du catabolisme de l'acide ricinoléi͏̈que chez les levures du genre Sporidiolus : mise en évidence et caractérisation du système béta-oxydant impliqué." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS056.
The yeast of the genus Sporidiobolus are used for γ-C10 (peach flavour) production through ricinoleic acid degradation. Among 4 species in the genus, only 2 produce important quantity of γ-C10, whereas all degrade the substrate. We searched for RcoA β-oxidation intermediates by extracts of Sporidiobolus in vitro. Metabolic differences were shown between the yeast. Sp. Ruinenii and Sp. Pararoseus were chosen as models for trying to link these results to the organisation of involved enzymes. The protein (MFP) bearing two ß-oxidative activities (enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase) was partially purified and is located into sp. Ruinenii peroxysomes and cytosol. In sp. Pararoseus in addition to a similar mfp, a complex exhibiting acyl-coa dehydrogenase, thiolase and a 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities would be involved in β-oxidation. The localisation of this complex is discussed
Douard, David. "Méthodes de décomposition pour l'analyse des performances des systèmes de production manufacturières en boucle fermée et de topologies générales." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066536.
Mouhammad, Al Anfaf Mohamed Mladjao. "Contribution à la modélisation et à l’optimisation de systèmes énergétiques multi-sources et multi-charges." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0127/document.
Global energy demand continues to rise. The fossil fuel prices are unstable and uncertain. The liberalization of the electricity market and environmental awareness of the global leaders are levers for the development of renewable energy. These are growing at a rapid pace in the world. They reached technical maturity that enables them to become an important segment of the energy industry. Their integration in the energy mix poses new challenges compared to traditional energy sources. With an underexploited potential, photovoltaic and wind energy are advantageous economically and environmentally. However, their intermittent decreases their energy efficiency when operated. The use of hybrid systems (multi-sources) combining these renewable energy sources, the national distribution network (historical grid) and conventional storage systems, is generally regarded by all as a future solution, both efficient and reliable. Thereby, it is necessary to rethink the structure of electrical networks and energy markets, and changes in network management methods. In this context, the foreseen intake with this thesis is to contribute to the modeling and optimization of multi- load multi- source systems to power both remote sites “closeness energy” (campus, village) and large sites such as French regions through their interconnection "pooling ". Different scenarios of management and different configurations of the systems are modeled, tested and compared to analyze the effectiveness and robustness of each case. A complete technical and economic analysis is performed in order to study the feasibility of each system. To demonstrate the validation of these models, studies were performed on a French university campus, a Micro-grid in Mali and three French regions. These latter have been applied to an original interconnection model based on Petri nets for decision support in terms of network configuration and control of energy flows exchanged between interconnected producers/consumers territories without storage