Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analyse de scènes extérieur'
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Le, Borgne Hervé. "Analyse de scènes naturelles par Composantes Indépendantes." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005925.
Full textNtoko, Ngounou Pierre. "Le commerce intra-branche des pays de la périphérie : le cas de l'Argentine, du Brésil, de la Colombie et du Mexique : analyse théorique de la différenciation et analyse empirique de l'intégration régionale." Paris 13, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA131020.
Full textIntra-industry trade - which is trade of similar goods - is a phenomenon which first appeared among industrialized countries. This phenomenon is explained according a majority of scholars by horizontal or vertical differentiation (that is supposed to improve consumers' welfare) and scale economies that trading partners can achieve via regional integration. The the purpose of this dissertation is to show that : 1) intra-industry trade is now a reality experienced by third world countries : 2) but that product differentiation does not necessarily improve consumers' welfare as is shown through theories of strategic differentiation; on the contrary, it probably aggravate inegalitarian income distribution in third world countries. 3) moreover, leading countries of lafta, which are increasingly experiencing intra-industry trade, do not specifically seek scale economies through regional integration : indisces of intra-industry trade that we have computed show that, on the one hand, intra industry trade between lafta countries and oecd countries is growing at the expenses of intralafta trade and that, on the other hand, goods intensive in human capital and or in technologies are the most dynamic whereas lafta countries experience a comparative disadvantage in these goods compared to oecd countries
Homayouni, Saeid. "Caractérisation des Scènes Urbaines par Analyse des Images Hyperspectrales." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002521.
Full textStrat, Sabin Tiberius. "Analyse et interprétation de scènes visuelles par approches collaboratives." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959081.
Full textHomayouni, Saéid. "Caractérisation de scènes urbaines par analyse des images hyperspectrales." Paris, ENST, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENST0055.
Full textUrban area characterization is a delicate task, since these kinds of environments are complex features from various aspects. The geographic aspect of an urban environment may be the most important aspect which could be studied by Remote Sensing techniques. In particular, Hyperspectral Remote Sensing provides valuable information which a priori could effectively help us in information extraction tasks for urban area modelling. In fact, the need for precise, updated and detailed information is necessary within a lot of applications. HIS has been employed for various applications of detection and mapping of materials in natural and urban environment. For HSI analysis, two strategies may be considered; firstly, a supervised strategy and secondly, an unsupervised strategy. For urban materials mapping, we have applied the Spectral Matching techniques, as the supervised methods. In order to improve the results of these techniques, we proposed a fusion technique in decision level. Then, an unsupervised technique based on Independent Components Analysis (ICA), as a solution of mixing problem, is proposed. ICA has been used for spectral separation and classification. The Fuzzy C-Means clustering technique then has been applied in order to obtain a fuzzy classification map. These techniques are applied on hyperspectral images data acquired by CASI sensor over the city of Toulouse in France. These image sets contain the 32 and 48 band images with 2 and 4 meter of spatial resolution, respectively. We have compared the results with the ground truths data by evaluation of the classification accuracy using the matrix of confusion
Maatar, Becha. "Analyse du commerce extérieur de la Tunisie : étude économétrique et prévision." Paris 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA020026.
Full textWu, Youfu. "Analyse et surveillance des objets en mouvement dans les scènes dynamiques." Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30034.
Full textGontier, Félix. "Analyse et synthèse de scènes sonores urbaines par approches d'apprentissage profond." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0042.
Full textThe advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) has enabled the development of largescale acoustic sensor networks to continuously monitor sound environments in urban areas. In the soundscape approach, perceptual quality attributes are associated with the activity of sound sources, quantities of importance to better account for the human perception of its acoustic environment. With recent success in acoustic scene analysis, deep learning approaches are uniquely suited to predict these quantities. Though, annotations necessary to the training process of supervised deep learning models are not easily obtainable, partly due to the fact that the information content of sensor measurements is limited by privacy constraints. To address this issue, a method is proposed for the automatic annotation of perceived source activity in large datasets of simulated acoustic scenes. On simulated data, trained deep learning models achieve state-of-the-art performances in the estimation of sourcespecific perceptual attributes and sound pleasantness. Semi-supervised transfer learning techniques are further studied to improve the adaptability of trained models by exploiting knowledge from the large amounts of unlabelled sensor data. Evaluations on annotated in situ recordings show that learning latent audio representations of sensor measurements compensates for the limited ecological validity of simulated sound scenes. In a second part, the use of deep learning methods for the synthesis of time domain signals from privacy-aware sensor measurements is investigated. Two spectral convolutional approaches are developed and evaluated against state-of-the-art methods designed for speech synthesis
Devergie, Aymeric. "Interactions audiovisuelles pour l'analyse de scènes auditives." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830927.
Full textCollin-Santerre, Justine. "Étude sur les incendiaires québécois : analyse des motivations et scènes de crime." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33292.
Full textThe goal of this study was to explore and develop a statistically derived typology of arsons and arsonists (serial and non-serial) from the Province of Quebec, for practical as much as scientific concerns. By collecting sociodemographic, criminals, and psychological information on the crime and the individual, it was possible to find, through latent class analyses (LCA), the most targeted crime scenes and main motivations to commit an arson. To do so, files from across the Province were selected and coded. In total, 48 files were analyzed, allowing to create a database of 245 arsons committed by 59 arsonists. In order to select those files, a coding sheet was sent to police services across the Province of Quebec. In line with scientific and practical gaps, the coding sheet was divided in three main sections: 1) sociodemographic characteristics; 2) information regarding the arson; 3) arsonists’ psychological profile information. Results show that, among the four main targeted crime scenes, public places were those mostly targeted by Quebecer arsonists. Moreover, analyses show six main motivations to commit arson. The identified crime scene and the identified motivation profiles were then combined, using bivariate analyses, to see how the arsonists’ motivation varied based on the targeted crime scenes. Results show that arsonists with profit or retaliation intentions are susceptible to target residential areas or vehicles. Globally, analyses highlighted that arson and arsonist profiles are still unknown in Quebec and, by knowing the most targeted crime scene and arsonist motivations, it is possible to enhances the investigators’ comprehension in arson cases, as much as guide them in terms of suspects’ prioritisation and identification. Keywords: arson, arsonists, serial arson, serial arsonists, crime scene, motivation, profiling, suspect prioritisation, crime prevention, latent class analysis.
Kaaniche, Khaled. "Analyse de scènes aériennes pour le diagnostic du trafic routier et autoroutier." Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0523.
Full textAouad, Nicolas. "Analyse énergétique d'un hôpital desservi par un système dédié à l'air extérieur (DOAS)." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2011. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/888/1/AOUAD_Nicolas.pdf.
Full textDeléchelle, Éric. "Analyse de scènes dynamiques : détection du mouvement fondée sur un modèle d'interaction électrique." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120066.
Full textTupin, Florence. "Reconnaissance des formes et analyse de scènes en imagerie radar a ouverture synthetique." Paris, ENST, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENST0016.
Full textPitot, Paul. "Conception et réalisation d'une machine parallèle dédiée aux images de synthèse réalistes : la machine Voxar." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30011.
Full textYoussef, Wael Farid. "Instanciation d'un schéma de description textuel de scènes de vidéo surveillance." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30249.
Full textSurveillance systems are important tools for law enforcement agencies for fighting crimes. Surveillance control rooms have two main duties: live monitoring the surveillance areas, and crime solving by investigating the archives. To support these difficult tasks, several significant solutions from the research and market fields have been proposed. However, the lack of generic and precise models for video content representation make the building of fully automated intelligent video analysis and description system a challenging task. Furthermore, the application domain still shows a big gap between the research field and the real practical needs, it also shows a lack between these real needs and the on-market video analytics tools. Consequently, in conventional surveillance systems, live monitoring and investigating the archives still rely mostly on human operators. This thesis proposes a novel approach for textual describing important contents in videos surveillance scenes, based on new generic context-free "VSSD ontology", with focus on two objects interactions. The proposed ontology presents a new generic flexible and extensible ontology dedicated for video surveillance scenes description. While analysing and understanding variety of video scenes, our approach introduces many new concepts and methods concerning mediation and action at a distant, abstraction in the description, and a new manner of categorizing the scenes. It introduces a new heuristic way to discriminate between deformable and non-deformable objects in the scenes. It also highlights and exports important features for better video objects interactions learning classifications and for better description. These features, if used as key parameters in video analytics tools, are much suitable for supporting surveillance systems operators through generating alerts, and intelligent search. Moreover, our system outputs can support police incidents reports, according to investigators needs, with many types of automatic textual description based on new well-structured rule-based schemas or templates. [...]
Garnier, Cécilia. "Analyse de scènes auditives complexes environnementales chez des enfants, des musiciens et des autistes." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOA002.
Full textAttention has three components : selective attention, sustained attention and divided attention. It’s an abundantly studied field in psychology but mainly in the visual modality. The main goal of our work is to test the auditory attentional capacities and more precisely selective attention and divided attention. We used detection task, counting task and comparison task (simple and multiple choice). In these tasks we presented to subjects complex sequences contained two up to six environmental sounds. According to theory participants have increasing capacities : children, adults, musicians and adult with autism. Results in selective attention show correct performances for most part of tested populations. No subjects even if they have poorer results respond by chance. Regarding divided attention studies show similar patterns : a rapid decrease from sequences of two sounds. Moreover we demonstrate the existence of an attentional limit 4 +- 1 sounds. This one is flexible depend on factors. If principally endures inhibitions and a few facilitations. An exploratory study performed with autists can adduce extra elements to understand the attentional limit
Bougroum, Mohammed. "Analyse linéaire des données : application à l'évolution du commerce extérieur marocain entre 1979 et 1985." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX32023.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to take stock of the technics of data analysis, diverted from the statis method. The accent lies on the estimated aspect of this technics. We propose to extend this technics of prevision to the case of a following of boards x(t),t!1,k where x(t) gives the discription on n individuals by p quantitative variables. The empiric stady carries about the evolution of the morocan exportation between 1979 and 1985. The analysis of this data is developped after the statis method. A stady of the stability of the results of this analysis has been effectuated by help of the "bootstrap" method
Perrin-Merinos, Serge. "Dimension économique et spécialisation internationale : une analyse du commerce extérieur des économies de petite taille." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010015.
Full textThe usual theories of international trade have hardly considered the dimensional aspects of nations. The study of the specialization of small nations nevertheless requires a specific approach. The empirical analysis of foreign trade for thirteen small developed countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Hong-Kong, Ireland, Israel, Netherlands, New-Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland) shows the limited nature of generally proposed explanations, particularly those of dreze, which emphasize the drawbacks of the small size of a nation. Small nations try to overcome the constraints linked to a reduced size by adopting strategic behaviours. Thus, they have a certain control on their gains from trade. The integration in economic alliances constitutes one of the most efficient way to improve the relative position of small nations ins trade. Recent evolutions in the international environment associated with a strong adaptative capacity have opened new horizons of specialization for these countries. With time, these economies follow a similar cycle as regards to their international insertion. Each stage corresponds to a given level of development and to specific skills. It reveals that the small nations tend to obtain an increased power on their external environment while they loose their specificity. Three stages can be distinguished : first, the price-taker, then the drezian stage and finally the level at which the small nation specificity drops. Firms have a prominent role in the. .
Amara, Fouad. "Politiques d'ajustement face au déséquilibre extérieur : une analyse et un modèle macroéconomique de l'économie marocaine." Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100028.
Full textVersus the external disequilibrium the Moroccan authorities use policy measures to offset the impact on the economy. Our aim was to determine the efficiency of their decisions. Do the fiscal, monetary, exchange rate and industrialization policies permit the resorption of the current account deficit? Based on a statistical approach for the period 1973-1985, and a macro econometric model presenting 47 equations and 5 multipliers, our analysis show that the authorities were unable to set against the bop disequilibrium, the expansion of the external debt, and the upward of socio-economic pressures. As alternatives to the process, we propose a reconsideration of economic policy as a unique system, an improvement of tax policy, an extension of the monetary and financial market, and an integration in a commercial an a monetary area: the Maghreb
Haillant, Olivier. "Analyse de méthodes d'étude du comportement à long terme de matériaux polymères en usage extérieur." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21398.
Full textMoisan, Pierre. "Analyse autonome d'activité de scènes vidéo numériques acquises par un système de télésupervision en traumatologie." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1338.
Full textDahyot, Rozenn. "Analyse d'images séquentielles de scènes routières par modèle d'apparence pour la gestion du réseau routier." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2001/DAHYOT_Rozenn_2001.pdf.
Full textZhou, Feng-Ling. "Commerce international et industrialisation : une analyse du cas de la Chine." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL12006.
Full textToday, chinese economy is a transition economy which present more and more market mecanism and more and more openings to the world. With the decentralization policy and the development of material stimulating system, the dynamism of chinese agents is probably being one of the principal growth sources, which average growth is about 10% a year since 1978. This transition made also positive consequences for its foreign trade, which shows an average growth of about 15% a year and an active structural modification with an increase of the manufactured part in its exportation from 45% in 1978 to 85% in 1995. In our studied period, compared to the primary goods export. The chinese manufactured export adapts better to the evolution of relative price of goods and the change of structure of the world market, but also to the growth differentiation between china and the industrialized economies. Therefore, chinese part in the world trade has increased from less than 1% to 2% in ten years (1980-1990) while the trade part of whole third world has been decreasing from 23% to 21% in the same time. Indeed, the trade relationship between china and the rest of the world has been more and more competitive and chinese industrialization is a competitive industrialization. So, the foreign trade becomes favourable to this industrialization only when it makes china acquiring the competitive advantages in the industries by which china can differ from the third world and converge to the industrialized world. With the dynamism of its agents produced by the deepening reform, the progress of its human capital more advance than its economic development and also the important scale of its domestic market, china would modify its exportation structure by increasing quickly the "machinery and transport equipment" sector in its export from today to 2010
Baskind, Alexis. "Modèles et méthodes de description spatiale de scènes sonores : application aux enregistrements binauraux." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066407.
Full textKoutassila, Jean-Philippe. "Analyse des relations entre la conjoncture économique et le commerce extérieur au Congo et au Cameroun." Bordeaux 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR40018.
Full textFollowing the petrol rises during the 70s and the start of 80s, cameroon and congo's export became based on petrol. However, it is hard to accredit the idea of the existence of a dutch disease in with these countries are the victim of prices rise. The bad performance of congo's agricultural sector is more due to structural than conjonctural causes. Cameroon does not exhibit the symptoms of a country suffering from dutch disease ; the country has not shown a regression in the output of agricultural sector after the second oil boom. The absence (or the weakness) of notcable knock-on effect from the petroleum secteor to the rest of economy higlighto the set apart nature of the petrol industry. Thus, any increase in either petrol production or prices has not effect in creating employment and incomes distributed. During the 70s and 80s, the increase in petrol revenus created a passing euphoria, leading to laxer financial discipline, resulting in an exceptional rise in the general level of internal inflation. Since the fall in petrol prices, 1994 excepted, inflation has been slowed down in these countries by reduction in public sector spending and squeeze economy credits as recommended by the I. M. F
Wallart, Olivier. "Contribution à l'interprétation de scènes vastes par une approche multi-capteurs." Littoral, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DUNK0079.
Full textThis work presents the architecture of the distributed perception system. The system is composed by several vision units analysing the scene from distinct points of view and without recovery. The objectives of the interpretation are the classification and tracking of objects in motorway scenes. The global tracking is carried out by a re-identification of objects perceived by several cameras. The difficulties of the system concern firstly the management of the uncertainty at the re-identification stage, and also the real time constraints of the application. The management of the uncertainty is dealt with an approximate reasoning by using the possibility theory. Real time constraints are taken into account by a distributed and temporal algorithm. Two algorithms of association for object re-identification are developed. The first is based on a dynamic programming algorithm. It decides for a majority of awaited objects independently for each vision unit. For surveillance applications, a temporal fusion approach for association is proposed in order to control the instantaneous quality of each decision over the system
Alquier, Laurent. "Analyse et représentation de scènes complexes par groupement perceptuel : Application à la perception de structures curvilignes." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20137.
Full textLeducq, Paul. "Traitements temps-fréquence pour l'analyse de scènes complexes dans les images SAR polarimétriques." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133586.
Full textLa réponse des cibles mobiles est étudiée. Sa forme particulière conduit à une méthode de détection et refocalisation basée sur la transformée de Fourier fractionnaire. La problématique est étendue au cas des cibles possédant de plus une réflectivité dépendant des paramètres d'illumination (angle et fréquence). Une approche basée sur une modélisation de la cible et sur l'algorithme de Matching-Pursuit est présentée.
La détection des bâtiments dans les images SAR de zones urbaines en bande L est abordée dans le cadre temps-fréquence. Les notions complémentaires de stationnarité et de cohérence sont exploitées pour produire une classification temps-fréquence, permettant d'identifier les environnements naturels et différents types de cibles artificielles. Des applications à la cartographie et à la caractérisation de bâtiments sont proposées.
Muddamsetty, Satya Mahesh. "Modèles d'attention visuelle pour l'analyse de scènes dynamiques." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS067/document.
Full textVisual saliency is an important research topic in the field of computer vision due to its numerouspossible applications. It helps to focus on regions of interest instead of processingthe whole image or video data. Detecting visual saliency in still images has been widelyaddressed in literature with several formulations. However, visual saliency detection invideos has attracted little attention, and is a more challenging task due to additional temporalinformation. Indeed, a video contains strong spatio-temporal correlation betweenthe regions of consecutive frames, and, furthermore, motion of foreground objects dramaticallychanges the importance of the objects in a scene. The main objective of thethesis is to develop a spatio-temporal saliency method that works well for complex dynamicscenes.A spatio-temporal saliency map is usually obtained by the fusion of a static saliency mapand a dynamic saliency map. In our work, we model the dynamic textures in a dynamicscene with Local Binary Patterns (LBP-TOP) to compute the dynamic saliency map, andwe use color features to compute the static saliency map. Both saliency maps are computedusing a bio-inspired mechanism of Human Visual System (HVS) with a discriminantformulation known as center surround saliency, and are fused in a proper way.The proposed models have been extensively evaluated with diverse publicly availabledatasets which contain several videos of dynamic scenes. The evaluation is performed intwo parts. First, the method in locating interesting foreground objects in complex scene.Secondly, we evaluate our model on the task of predicting human observers fixations.The proposed method is also compared against state-of-the art methods, and the resultsshow that the proposed approach achieves competitive results.In this thesis we also evaluate the performance of different fusion techniques, because fusionplays a critical role in the accuracy of the spatio-temporal saliency map. We evaluatethe performances of different fusion techniques on a large and diverse complex datasetand the results show that a fusion method must be selected depending on the characteristics,in terms of color and motion contrasts, of a sequence. Overall, fusion techniqueswhich take the best of each saliency map (static and dynamic) in the final spatio-temporalmap achieve best results
Stelmaszyk, Patrick. "Analyse de scènes dynamiques par recherche des contours des objets en mouvement : application à l'automatisation d'un tramway." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10113.
Full textJaubert, Benoît. "Outils pour les jeux sur ordinateur : prise de connaissance de scènes 3D." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/c5bc2fc9-3f7b-42f2-9cc1-bb30bd268b6c/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4018.pdf.
Full textThe evolution of video games is such that most of them are now facing the problem of managing views and trajectories. With the development of games in three dimensions and cinematic using the graphics engine of the game, it frequently happens that the angles are not chosen the as well as possible. Thus, if the means implemented to improve the speed display and calculation, quality graphics, fluidity and handling of the game came to a quality that suffers little criticism, the work to be done on camera placements and points of view is still far from over. We first describe the previous works, dealing with viewpoints computing and trajectory creation. In the second chapter, we present methods and technics to determine and evaluate goods points of view for virtual worlds ou three dimensionnal objects, basing on as various notions as polygons, objects or materials. The third chapter introduces techniques to cut scene into objects and objects into parts allows this notion to be integrate in scene inwhich it not be present. The fourth and last chapter describes the creation of trajectory on surrounding sphere and in open worlds and gives indices to use theses methods in real time environment
Boutry, Frédéric. "Analyse de scènes dynamiques par représentation espace-temps des éléments mobiles : application à la conduite automatique de véhicules guidés." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10048.
Full textBoukarri, Bachir. "Reconstruction 3D récursive de scènes structurées au moyen d'une caméra mobile : application à la robotique." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112290.
Full textAmberg, Virginie. "Analyse de scènes péri-urbaines à partir d'images radar haute résolution : application à l'extraction semi-automatique du réseau routier." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7452/1/amberg1.pdf.
Full textLupetti, Elisa. "L’analyse des dialogues dans les scènes de dispute familiale du cinéma français (2000-2010)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20122/document.
Full textThis work aims to bring together two different areas: French linguistics and film studies. Topics covered include the analysis of conversation discourse analysis in interaction and analysis of film dialogue to reflect on a theme that has been discussed previously as psychologically : family conflict.The originality of these pages are based on the intention of using film and its dialogues to analyse nine French movies made between 2000 and 2010 :Ressources humaines (2000, Laurent Cantet)Tout va bien, on s’en va (2000, Claude Mouriéras)Aime ton père (2002, Jacob Berger)Père et fils (2003, Michel Boujenah)Je vais bien, ne t'en fais pas (2006, Philippe Lioret) Nue propriété (2007, Joachim Lafosse)Un conte de Noël (2008, Arnaud Desplechin) Non ma fille, tu n’iras pas danser (2009, Christophe Honoré)Mères et filles (2009, Julie Lopes-Curval)These films were examined in order to distinguish the relevant domestic dispute scenes for the analysis. Thus, having transcribed replicas of the forty- two selected scenes , I highlighted the recurring linguistic acts in a conflict situation . To do this , I resumed the work of Austin and Searle and , more recently, C. Kerbrat - Orecchioni . I then focused my attention on the stage of the conflict , developing a fairly detailed analysis of what has been defined dispute. It should be noted here that the body showed the existence of two large cinema dispute typologies ( restraint and manifest) , which are subdivided into dilogale dispute, and trilogale polylogal depending on the number of participants.The application of the interactionist tools to cinematic corpus also revealed that the conversation of the films can be considered as a simplified representation of authentic verbal exchanges, two types of conversations with the same structure : an opening, a body, a fence interaction.The last part of the thesis deals with the prototypical scene of the corpus ( 2009_MF_DisputeBAGARRE ), so defined since it brings together key verbal and non- verbal elements arising in a conflict situation. I properly focused my attention on these elements in the first part of the thesis in order to define the object of the study and its inclusion in the theoretical framework
El, Ez Eddine El Dandachy Nancy. "Techniques alternatives de visualisation pour la prise de connaissance de scènes tridimensionnelles." Limoges, 2007. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/b0a2c636-a13a-4923-97ea-cb655a15baeb/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4043.pdf.
Full textThe fast development of the image synthesis domain, the spread of this domain in lot of applications and then because of the development of PCs in speed and memory capacities, the problem of scene understanding and extracting knowledge is becoming more and more pertinent and complicated. Since the half of the seventies, practically no new basic techniques of visualization were invented. All the researchers’ efforts were focused on the possibility of the enhancement of existent techniques whether by reducing the time of computations, or by inventing photometric models more sophisticated allowing the obtaining of better image quality. Other researchers have turned their attention to search for methods that compute automatically a good point of view position or do an automatic animation around the scene following a path that respect heuristic rules in order to avoid brusque changes that might disconcert the observer. However, these techniques aren't sufficient to resolve the problem of the visualization of all type of scenes created by the PCs so developed nowadays. We are going to propose in this thesis alternative techniques which are based on the combination of existent visualization techniques in order to enhance the understanding of complex scenes. We are going first to study the case of three-dimensional complex scene that contain lot of lights, mirrors and transparent objects which produce realistic effects that might create illusions due of the presence of shadows, reflections and refractions. The presence of these realistic effects might confuse the observer and prevent him to distinguish between real objects of the scene and illusions. In order to enhance the understanding of this type of scenes, we have proposed a new method that combine between the ray tracing realistic technique of visualization with the selective refinement improvement algorithm and the followed contour technique by the code direction method, in order to underline the real objects of the scene by detecting their apparent contours so that we will be able to distinguish them from their reflexions and refractions. Another type of scenes will be introduced in this thesis, scenes which contain objects that include other objects. Three new alternative techniques will be described in order to enhance the visualization end the taking knowledge of this type of scene. The first one leads to visualize the exterior object on wireframe mode while the interior one will be visualized in fill mode. The elimination of hidden surfaces will be regulated by the combination of the z-buffer method with the back facing culling technique. The second approach leads to create a hole on the surface of the exterior object in order to show the interior one. Two methods will be proposed in order to achieve this project. The first one is applied only for scenes where exterior objects are modeled by a polygonal mesh and leads to eliminate the exterior faces which hide the interior object. The second method can be applied to any scene model and leads first to visualize both objects: the exterior and the interior one, and then make darken the pixels which are proportional and orthogonal to the silhouette of the interior object oriented to the outside of the interior object
Bugeau, Aurélie. "Détection et suivi d'objets en mouvement dans des scènes complexes : application à la surveillance des conducteurs." Rennes 1, 2007. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2007/bugeau.pdf.
Full textDetecting and tracking moving objects in dynamic scenes is a hard but essential task in a large number of computer vision applications such as surveillance. This thesis aims at detecting, segmenting and tracking foreground moving objects in sequences (such as driver sequences) having highly dynamic backgrounds, illumination changes and low contrasts, and possibly shot by a moving camera. Two main steps compose the thesis. First, moving points, described by their motion and color, are selected within a sub-grid of image pixels. Clusters of points are then formed using a variable bandwidth mean shift with automatic bandwidth selection. In a second part, a tracking method is proposed. It combines color and motion distributions, the prediction of the tracked object and some external observations (which can be the clusters from the detector) into an energy function minimized with Graph Cuts
Varin, Laurent. "Séparation de sources et analyse de scènes auditives : contribution à la modélisation de la séparation des double-voyelles." Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0080.
Full textGillet, Olivier. "Transcription des signaux percussifs : application à l'analyse de scènes musicales audiovisuelles." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002805.
Full textVerdie, Yannick. "Modélisation de scènes urbaines à partir de données aériennes." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE4078.
Full textAnalysis and 3D reconstruction of urban scenes from physical measurements is a fundamental problem in computer vision and geometry processing. Within the last decades, an important demand arises for automatic methods generating urban scenes representations. This thesis investigates the design of pipelines for solving the complex problem of reconstructing 3D urban elements from either aerial Lidar data or Multi-View Stereo (MVS) meshes. Our approaches generate accurate and compact mesh representations enriched with urban-related semantic labeling.In urban scene reconstruction, two important steps are necessary: an identification of the different elements of the scenes, and a representation of these elements with 3D meshes. Chapter 2 presents two classification methods which yield to a segmentation of the scene into semantic classes of interests. The beneath is twofold. First, this brings awareness of the scene for better understanding. Second, deferent reconstruction strategies are adopted for each type of urban elements. Our idea of inserting both semantical and structural information within urban scenes is discussed and validated through experiments. In Chapter 3, a top-down approach to detect 'Vegetation' elements from Lidar data is proposed using Marked Point Processes and a novel optimization method. In Chapter 4, bottom-up approaches are presented reconstructing 'Building' elements from Lidar data and from MVS meshes. Experiments on complex urban structures illustrate the robustness and scalability of our systems
Rouvier, Stéphane. "Utilisation des fractales pour la caractérisation électromagnétique des scènes naturelles." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30207.
Full textJobin, Jean-Philippe. "Synthèse et analyse d'une scène de spectacle dynamiquement reconfigurable." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35413.
Full textCe mémoire présente les travaux effectués dans le cadre d’une association entre le laboratoire de robotique ainsi que celui des nouvelles technologies de l’image, du son et de la scène (Lantiss), tous deux issus de l’Université Laval, relativement au développement d’une scène de spectacle dynamiquement reconfigurable. Une part importante de l’analyse traite de l’aspect esthétique des mouvements et des poses d’une telle surface, face à son utilisation dans le monde du spectacle. L’autre champ d’étude fait référence à des aspects techniques. Ainsi, les solutions qui sont artistiquement intéressantes sont analysées et optimisées afin de pouvoir être réalisées mécaniquement. C’est à cet effet que des études cinématiques et dynamiques de mécanismes ainsi que des optimisations de paramètres géométriques sont exposées. Finalement, ces démarches théoriques mènent à la fabrication et à la commande d’un prototype respectant les attentes artistiques de la scène mobile.
Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2019
Lafay, Grégoire. "Simulation de scènes sonores environnementales : Application à l’analyse sensorielle et l’analyse automatique." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECDN0007/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with environmental scene analysis, the auditory result of mixing separate but concurrent emitting sources. The sound environment is a complex object, which opens the field of possible research beyond the specific areas that are speech or music. For a person to make sense of its sonic environment, the involved process relies on both the perceived data and its context. For each experiment, one must be, as much as possible,in control of the evaluated stimuli, whether the field of investigation is perception or machine learning. Nevertheless, the sound environment needs to be studied in an ecological framework, using real recordings of sounds as stimuli rather than synthetic pure tones. We therefore propose a model of sound scenes allowing us to simulate complex sound environments from isolated sound recordings. The high level structural properties of the simulated scenes -- such as the type of sources, their sound levels or the event density -- are set by the experimenter. Based on knowledge of the human auditory system, the model abstracts the sound environment as a composite object, a sum of soundsources. The usefulness of the proposed model is assessed on two areas of investigation. The first is related to the soundscape perception issue, where the model is used to propose an innovative experimental protocol to study pleasantness perception of urban soundscape. The second tackles the major issue of evaluation in machine listening, for which we consider simulated data in order to powerfully assess the generalization capacities of automatic sound event detection systems
Millour, Christian. "Contribution à la vision dynamique : une approche multi-résolutions et multi-traitements." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112046.
Full textServant, Fabien. "Localisation et cartographie simultanées en vision monoculaire et en temps réel basé sur les structures planes." Rennes 1, 2009. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2009/servant.pdf.
Full textOur work deals with computer vision. The problem of augmented reality implies a real time estimation of the relive position between camera and scene. This thesis presents a complete method of pose tracking that works with planar structures which are abundant in indoor and outdoor urban environments. The pose tracking is done using a low cost camera and an inertial sensor. Our approach is to use the planes to make the pose estimation easier. Homographies computed by an image tracking algorithm presented in this document are used as measurements for our Simultaneous Localization And Mapping method. This SLAM method permits a long term and robust pose tracking by propagating the measurements uncertainties. Works about selection of regions to track and their corresponding plane parameters initialization are also described in this thesis. Numerical and image based experiments shows the validity of our approach
Boccara, Frédéric. "Firmes multinationales et balance des paiements française dans la globalisation financière et la révolution technologique informationnelle : une analyse théorique et appliquée." Paris 13, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA131027.
Full textPerotin, Lauréline. "Localisation et rehaussement de sources de parole au format Ambisonique : analyse de scènes sonores pour faciliter la commande vocale." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0124/document.
Full textThis work was conducted in the fast-growing context of hands-free voice command. In domestic environments, smart devices are usually laid in a fixed position, while the human speaker gives orders from anywhere, not necessarily next to the device, or nor even facing it. This adds difficulties compared to the problem of near-field voice command (typically for mobile phones) : strong reverberation, early reflections on furniture around the device, and surrounding noises can degrade the signal. Moreover, other speakers may interfere, which make the understanding of the target speaker quite difficult. In order to facilitate speech recognition in such adverse conditions, several preprocessing methods are introduced here. We use a spatialized audio format suitable for audio scene analysis : the Ambisonic format. We first propose a sound source localization method that relies on a convolutional and recurrent neural network. We define an input feature vector inspired by the acoustic intensity vector which improves the localization performance, in particular in real conditions involving several speakers and a microphone array laid on a table. We exploit the visualization technique called layerwise relevance propagation (LRP) to highlight the time-frequency zones that are correlate positively with the network output. This analysis is of paramount importance to establish the validity of a neural network. In addition, it shows that the neural network essentially relies on time-frequency zones where direct sound dominates reverberation and background noise. We then present a method to enhance the voice of the main speaker and ease its recognition. We adopt a mask-based beamforming framework based on a time-frequency mask estimated by a neural network. To deal with the situation of multiple speakers with similar loudness, we first use a wideband beamformer to enhance the target speaker thanks to the associated localization information. We show that this additional information is not enough for the network when two speakers are close to each other. However, if we also give an enhanced version of the interfering speaker as input to the network, it returns much better masks. The filters generated from those masks greatly improve speech recognition performance. We evaluate this algorithm in various environments, including real ones, with a black-box automatic speech recognition system. Finally, we combine the proposed localization and enhancement systems and evaluate the robustness of the latter to localization errors in real environments
Luff, David. "Le droit de l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce: analyse critique :la prise en compte par le système de l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce d'objectifs de nature non-commerciale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211323.
Full textVerdie, Yannick. "Modélisation de scènes urbaines à partir de données aeriennes." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00881242.
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