Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analyse de la Posturale Humaine'
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Artico, Romain. "Analyse des coordinations entre la posture et le mouvement lors de l’initiation de la marche avec enjambement d’obstacle : anticipation posturale, adaptation et modélisation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS178/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis was to investigate the postural organization of gait initiation (GI) during the application of temporal and spatial constraints. The main hypothesis was that the postural system, in the healthy young adult, is able to adapt to the degree of constraint imposed experimentally, in order to maintain an invariant level of motor performance and stability. Three studies were conducted to test this main hypothesis, with the addition of a validation study measuring the dimensions of the base of support (BOS). The objective of the first study was to analyze the effect of temporal pressure (TP) and the presence (or not) of an obstacle to be cleared on the postural organization of GI. The results showed that the duration of anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) was drastically reduced under the condition of high TP (GI in reaction time) compared to the condition of low TP (GI in self-initiated). This constraint didn’t result in a decrease of stability and motor performance, probably due to the increase in APA amplitude. In addition, it has been shown that clearing an obstacle induces an increase in the duration of the swing phase causing, a potential increase of the postural instability. This negative effect was, however, counterbalanced by the development of more significant APA than without obstacle. In this first study, the height and the distance of the obstacle were fixed. The objective of the second study was to analyze the effect of a modification in the characteristics of the obstacle to be cleared, combined with a variation of temporal constraint on the postural organization of GI. Three heights and three obstacle distances, and two TP levels were combined. To insist on the adaptive character of the characteristics of APA modulation according to the spatiotemporal constraints imposed, an original mechanical model of the human body formalizing the centre of mass trajectory has been elaborated. In agreement with the first study, the results showed that postural stability and motor performance remained equivalent under the different experimental conditions, despite wide variations in the imposed stress level. The mechanical model allowed us to demonstrate that this invariance was related to the amplitude modulation of APA, thereby demonstrating the adaptability of the postural system to imposed constraints. This experiment also highlights "fortuitously" that as the obstacle distance increase, the higher percentage of forefoot strike increase. Also, the objective of the third study was to analyze the effect of the foot strike strategy (front or rear foot) on the postural organization of the GI with an obstacle to be cleared. The results showed that this postural organization was dependent on the swing foot-off strategy. These results suggested the existence of an interdependent relationship between GI's balance control mechanisms and the foot strike strategy, allowing an optimal control of stability. Finally, the objective of the fourth study was to validate the measurement of the BOS dimensions during GI using a force platform (dynamic method), taking the VICON system as gold standard. The results showed that the dynamic method was sufficiently precise to be compared to the gold standard. In conclusion, all of these results suggest that in the healthy young adult, the CNS is able to adaptively and optimally modulate the balance control mechanisms according to the spatiotemporal constraints imposed experimentally. For clinical implications, GI with obstacle to be cleared would be an interesting method of rehabilitation in both test-retest and rehabilitation where the obstacle would provide a measurable and reproducible constraint
Yin, ChengXin. "Predictive Simulation for the Design of Robotic Device for Mobility-Aid." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourges, INSA Centre Val de Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ISAB0007.
Full textIn this thesis, we have proposed a methodology on design of the robotic exoskeleton. The main work is to help the designer to select adequate dynamical behaviors of the movements induced by an exoskeleton for a person with reduced mobility. Hence by adjusting the parameters for each actuator, the human motion tasks can be assisted by the robotic mobilityaid application via human-device interaction. There is only one group of the most suitable actuator parameters created via optimization for a particular human locomotion. Based on the optimized results, we are able to interpret the human-device interaction as well as to propose the design of control variables for a specified motion task. The first stage of this method consists of the implementation of the neuromusculoskeletal (NMS) modeling and simulation, which is for better describing the human dynamical characteristics. This stage can illustrate the physiological natures of human bodies in the form of 'Muscular ActuatorAcceleration-Trajectory' during a period of motion. For instance, one can search the function of muscles in actuating human locomotion through a motion-tracking simulation. Besides, the 'what if' cases were created to evaluate novel movements and adaptions to different conditions. The implementation of predictive simulation makes it feasible : which also constitutes thesecond stage of our study. To fulfill the predictions, we have to formulate our problems as optimal control processes and then solve them by numerical algorithms. Here, an OpenSimMatlab applicable programming interface (API) was modeled to embed a numerical solver and discretize the problems and solve the processes. These propositions have been validated via a case-study of robotic mobility-aid, the human-ESTA system. ESTA is an exoskeleton designed for compensating degrees-of-freedom (dofs) of the user's arm. The NMS humanoid was modeled as one-side upper extremity limb. Interaction effects between the human and device were considered as the equivalent virtual actuators which provide adjusted forces and moments for particular human joints. An optimal control problem was set to represent the predictive simulations. We also tested a variety of the optimal control variables in order to predict the 'what if' situations. Experimental data were collected for validating the systems as well as setting the referred trajectories to the predictions. Results showthat our method for proposing an actuating pattern for a robotic exoskeleton is promising and allowed to specify the human movement for a given task
Lekhel, Hamid. "Rôle de la vision dans les stratégies d'équilibre postural et locomoteur chez l'homme : analyse statistique par la méthode des inter-corrélations conjuguée." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX22012.
Full textSafi, Khaled. "Human postural stability analysis : application to Parkinsonian subjects." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1066/document.
Full textRecently, human balance control analysis has received an increasing interest from the research community. The human postural system maintains the stability of the body both in the static posture (quiet standing) and during locomotion. This ability to maintain stability becomes hard with aging and Parkinson's disease (PD) subjects. PD has a strong effect on postural stability during quiet standing situations, and during locomotion. One effective way to assess human stability is to analyze the center of pressure (CoP) displacements of the human body during quiet standing. The recorded CoP displacements in quiet standing are called stabilometric signals. This thesis aims to develop efficient approaches to analyze the human postural stability in quiet standing under visual and feet position conditions, as well as under age and gender. This is achieved using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method and stabilogram-diffusion technique. In the other part, the discrimination between healthy and PD subjects is very important for diagnosing Parkinson's disease, as well as for evaluating the disease level of the patient. In this context, two approaches are proposed; the first approach consists of an EMD-based temporal and spectral feature extraction from the stabilometric signals. The second approach is based on a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) using the raw stabilometric signals. The HMM model is an efficient tool to analyze temporal and sequential data. Another approach is proposed in order to segment the stabilometric signals according to the visual and feet position conditions. This is achieved using a Hidden Markov Model Regression (HMMR)-based approach. This study help clinicians to better understand the motor strategies used by the subjects during quiet standing and may guide the rehabilitation process. The obtained results clearly show high performances of the proposed approaches with respect to other standard approaches in both postural stability analysis and discrimination healthy from PD subjects
Carenzi, Franck. "Étude biomécanique de la posture de saisie lors d'un mouvement de préhension : analyse cinématique, modélisation et simulation." Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002458020204611&vid=upec.
Full textThis work focuses on a biomechanical analysis of the prehension movement. We evaluate the influences of the object's extrinsic properties and anthropometric factor on the strategies involved by the central nervous. The second objective is to propose an architecture to predict and stimulate the movement applied to a 3D anthropomorphic polyarticulated structure. The first part presents the three experimental protocols. The first protocol concerns the determination of the joints angular limits for each finger. The second protocol details specific movements of tip-to-tip contacts. The third protocol presents reach and grasp movements, influenced by the position and orientation to the object. We quantify the biomechanical parameters corresponding to the final grasp posture of the trunk and the upper limb and note that this posture depends strongly on the environment and the anthropometric factor. Besides, different angular synergies are observed, answering to the complex redundancy problem. In the second part, a 3D anthropomorphic poly-articulated structure representing the trunk and upper limb is defined. This model is created from different experimental regression equations, which allow to determine the length of each segment from the size of the subject. In the third part, we propose an original architecture in order to predict and simulate the final grasp posture. This architecture, based on neural networks, can predict the angular configuration on the trunk and the upper-limb from the environmental conditions
Carenzi, Franck Gorce Philippe. "Étude biomécanique de la posture de saisie lors d'un mouvement de préhension analyse cinématique, modélisation et simulation /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2006. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0245802.pdf.
Full textZong, Cong. "Système embarqué de capture et analyse du mouvement humain durant la marche." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839442.
Full textDesombre, Laurent. "Fiabilité et modélisation cognitive de l'opérateur humain face à des signaux visuo-posturaux." Valenciennes, 1997. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/a9fc578f-b8df-4eab-b503-cedffac16912.
Full textPires, Ivan Luiz de Souza. "Analise da atividade eletromiografica do musculo trapezio apos intervenção do alongamento miofascial." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317510.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Foram analisados por meio da eletromiografia como o mecanismo neuromuscular do músculo trapézio respondeu ao método terapêutico de alongamento miofascial. Fizeram parte da pesquisa quinze voluntários de ambos os sexos, faixa etária entre 20 e 35 anos, não praticantes de atividade específica para os membros superiores e sem história prévia de distúrbios da coluna cervical. Para comprovar a normalidade desses indivíduos foram utilizados testes específicos de avaliação da coluna cervical. Para determinar o grupo experimental e avaliar os efeitos da intervenção, foram realizadas avaliações eletromiográficas, pré e pós-procedimento de alongamento miofascial e, posteriormente, comparadas. Para análise eletromiográfica foram utilizados eletrodos de superfície fixados sobre a porção descendente do músculo trapézio. Os indivíduos permaneceram sentados, de maneira confortável, em uma cadeira de teste e realizaram elevação do ombro de 0° de adução do braço e contra resistência oferecida por meio de duas ferramentas distintas: 1 - transdutor de força (célula de carga) e, 2 - peso, ambos simularam a força da gravidade. Os resultados demonstraram que houve diminuição da atividade muscular quando comparada ao préprocedimento (p < 0,01).
Abstract: Were analyzed by electromyography the events involved in the biological effect of the method of myofascial stretching on descending portion of the trapezius muscle, and how the neurophysiologic factor contributed to these findings. Were part of the research fifteen volunteers of both sexes, aged between 20 and 35 years, with not practicing specific activity to the upper limbs, with no previous history of disorders of the cervical spine. To prove the normality of these individuals were used specific tests for assessment of the cervical spine. To determine the experimental group and evaluate the effects of the intervention, electromyographic evaluations were performed, pre and post procedure myofascial stretching and then compared. were used for analysis electromyography of surface electrodes fixed on the descending portion of the trapezius muscle. The subjects remained seated in a comfortable chair in a test conducted and the elevation of 0° of shoulder adduction and arm against resistance offered by different tools: 1 tool - force transducer (load cell) and tool 2 - weight, both simulate the force of gravity. The results showed that there was a decrease in muscle activity when compared to pre procedure indicating the efficiency of the technique.
Mestrado
Anatomia
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
Seigle, Benoît. "Dynamique des fluctuations posturales et influence de l'avancé en âge." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON14003.
Full textThe study of postural balance has been the subject of numerous studies focusing on the analysis of the pressure center displacement as an indicator of postural control efficiency. Specifically, a large literature focuses on the study of stabilometric measures particularly in relation with age advancing. Indeed, aging coincides with the deterioration of the postural system and its functional consequences, one of which is the fall. Until now, the characterization of the effects of age on postural stability of stabilometric measures has remained limited by the nature of the parameters used. In this work, we propose the use of new methods from dynamical system theories to define postural signatures in relation with aging. These methods are based on the analysis of the temporal structure of postural fluctuations and can provide information on their degree of complexity. Five studies have been conducted. Study 1 showed that aging significantly affects the dynamics of displacements of the pressure center. More precisely, a senior’s measures show a significant difference in the temporal structure compared to a young subject. Studies 2 and 3, more particularly focused on methodology, reinforcing the hypothesis of a stochastic nature of the dynamics (and therefore not chaotic) of postural oscilations. These two studies also allowed to develop and test two dynamical parameters, each providing different information on the structure of postural fluctuations. Study 4 showed that the dynamical and stabilometric measures are complementary and are influenced by age. This study has underlined the non-redundancy of information from each dynamical parameter. Study 5 explored the effect of a three-months training, including specific balance exercises, on the dynamical structure of postural sway of the elderly
Page, Solenne. "Commande d'un déambulateur robotisé par la caractérisation posturale." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS221.
Full textMobility is a key factor for maintaining the autonomy of the elderly. This thesis proposes new approaches and solutions for three kinds of assistance in the field of smart walkers: fall prevention assistance; diagnosis and medical follow-up assistance; and mobility assistance. Towards preventing falls, this thesis presents an algorithm for detecting when balance is being lost (available literature mainly focuses on detecting falls, after it occured). Experiments involving healthy subjects show that our algorithm detects losses of balance within 600 ms. Towards assisting diagnosis and medical follow-up, this thesis proposes a portative and affordable device (kinect-like sensor) that offers a relevant tradeoff between portativity, affordability and precision (better precision than the existing literature on markerless diagnosis). Our solution achieves better precision than the existing literature on markerless diagnosis. Our algorithm enables real-time walking analysis. This solution is validated through experiences involving healthy and pathological elderly participants. Towards robotic assistance for mobility, this thesis presents a new prototype, which we called RoAM (Robot for Assisting Mobility), and approaches for controlling it. Experiments on an ecological path included three modes of control: one based on user position (developped in this thesis), another one on interaction forces, and the last one combining the two previous modes. All participants could complete the experiments with all the three modes. We also show that the most promising track seems to consist of a fusion of a force-based control with a position-based control
Termoz, Nicolas. "Le rôle des entrées auditives dans les mécanismes de régulation posturale : analyse biomécanique." Thèse, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15429.
Full textAzevedo, Liliana Aparecida de Paula [UNESP]. "Analise da postura pela fotogrametria em escolares." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106399.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O presente estudo teve por objetivo contribuir para a melhora dos métodos de aquisição e processamento dos dados em fotogrametria para análise da postura, desenvolvendo para isso uma adaptação de baixo custo nos marcadores de superfície para estimar as curvaturas da coluna vertebral no plano sagital, buscar evidências e correlações da postura da coluna vertebral com a postura corporal e com os tipos de pés em escolares. A metodologia utilizou marcadores de superfície e hastes de prolongamento nos processos espinhosos das vértebras torácicas e lombares para determinar as relações e os valores angulares, utilizando o programa CorelDRAW X5®. A classificação dos tipos de pés foi realizada através das impressões plantares em papel utilizando o método descrito por Cavanagh e Rodgers (1987). As médias angulares da coluna vertebral e da postura foram comparadas e correlacionadas entre si bem como com os tipos de pés e com os dados antropométricos através dos testes de t Student, ANOVA, Kuskal-Wallis e Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson. Para todo o estudo o nível de significância estatístico adotado foi 5%. Participaram do estudo 49 escolares com idade média de 8 anos e 5 meses, sem qualquer indício de patologia ortopédica e/ou neurológica. Nesta amostra não foi possível correlacionar a postura da coluna vertebral no plano sagital com os ângulos estimados da postura corporal, tampouco com a classificação do arco longitudinal medial. Entretanto, foi possível evidenciar que o aumento do ângulo de inclinação torácica leva à diminuição do ângulo de inclinação lombar no plano sagital e que a protrusão de cabeça pode gerar uma maior tendência ao padrão de flexão de cabeça, sendo possível em raciocínio inverso. Notou-se, ainda, que nas crianças acima do peso ocorreu o aumento do ângulo de inclinação lombar
This study aimed to contribute to the improvement of methods of data acquisition and processing in photogrammetry for the analysis of posture, developing a low cost adaptation in surface markers to estimate the curvatures of the spine in the sagittal plane, search for evidence and correlations of spinal posture with the body posture and with the types of feet in schoolchildren. The methodology used surface markers and extension rods in the spinous processes of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae to determine the relationships and angular values using the program CorelDRAW X5®. The classification of types of feet was performed by the footprints on paper using the method described by Cavanagh and Rodgers (1987). The mean angles of the spine and posture were compared and correlated among themselves and with the types of feet and anthropometric data through the Student t test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. For the entire study the level of statistical significance adopted was 5%. The study included 49 schoolchildren with mean age of 8 years and 5 months with no evidence of orthopedic and / or neurological pathology. In this sample was not possible to correlate the spine posture in the sagittal plane with the estimated angles of body posture nor with the classification of the medial longitudinal arch. However, it was observed that the increase in the inclination of chest angle leads to a decrease in the inclination of lumbar angle in the sagittal plane and the protrusion of the head can generate a greater tendency to the standard of flexion of the head, it being possible for reverse reasoning. It is also noted that in overweight children occurred increasing in the inclination of lumbar angle
Azevedo, Liliana Aparecida de Paula. "Analise da postura pela fotogrametria em escolares /." Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106399.
Full textCoorientador: Luis Rogério de Oliveira Hein
Banca: José Elias Tomazini
Banca: Rodrigo Silva e Santos
Banca: Dalva Minonroze Albuquerque Ferreira
Banca: Ciro João Bertoli
Resumo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo contribuir para a melhora dos métodos de aquisição e processamento dos dados em fotogrametria para análise da postura, desenvolvendo para isso uma adaptação de baixo custo nos marcadores de superfície para estimar as curvaturas da coluna vertebral no plano sagital, buscar evidências e correlações da postura da coluna vertebral com a postura corporal e com os tipos de pés em escolares. A metodologia utilizou marcadores de superfície e hastes de prolongamento nos processos espinhosos das vértebras torácicas e lombares para determinar as relações e os valores angulares, utilizando o programa CorelDRAW X5®. A classificação dos tipos de pés foi realizada através das impressões plantares em papel utilizando o método descrito por Cavanagh e Rodgers (1987). As médias angulares da coluna vertebral e da postura foram comparadas e correlacionadas entre si bem como com os tipos de pés e com os dados antropométricos através dos testes de t Student, ANOVA, Kuskal-Wallis e Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson. Para todo o estudo o nível de significância estatístico adotado foi 5%. Participaram do estudo 49 escolares com idade média de 8 anos e 5 meses, sem qualquer indício de patologia ortopédica e/ou neurológica. Nesta amostra não foi possível correlacionar a postura da coluna vertebral no plano sagital com os ângulos estimados da postura corporal, tampouco com a classificação do arco longitudinal medial. Entretanto, foi possível evidenciar que o aumento do ângulo de inclinação torácica leva à diminuição do ângulo de inclinação lombar no plano sagital e que a protrusão de cabeça pode gerar uma maior tendência ao padrão de flexão de cabeça, sendo possível em raciocínio inverso. Notou-se, ainda, que nas crianças acima do peso ocorreu o aumento do ângulo de inclinação lombar
Abstract: This study aimed to contribute to the improvement of methods of data acquisition and processing in photogrammetry for the analysis of posture, developing a low cost adaptation in surface markers to estimate the curvatures of the spine in the sagittal plane, search for evidence and correlations of spinal posture with the body posture and with the types of feet in schoolchildren. The methodology used surface markers and extension rods in the spinous processes of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae to determine the relationships and angular values using the program CorelDRAW X5®. The classification of types of feet was performed by the footprints on paper using the method described by Cavanagh and Rodgers (1987). The mean angles of the spine and posture were compared and correlated among themselves and with the types of feet and anthropometric data through the Student t test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. For the entire study the level of statistical significance adopted was 5%. The study included 49 schoolchildren with mean age of 8 years and 5 months with no evidence of orthopedic and / or neurological pathology. In this sample was not possible to correlate the spine posture in the sagittal plane with the estimated angles of body posture nor with the classification of the medial longitudinal arch. However, it was observed that the increase in the inclination of chest angle leads to a decrease in the inclination of lumbar angle in the sagittal plane and the protrusion of the head can generate a greater tendency to the standard of flexion of the head, it being possible for reverse reasoning. It is also noted that in overweight children occurred increasing in the inclination of lumbar angle
Doutor
Le, Goïc Maëva. "Etude du contrôle postural chez l'homme : analyse des facteurs neurophysiologiques, biomécaniques et cognitifs, impliqués dans les 500 premières millisecondes d'une chute." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002633.
Full textTorello, Elem Marta. "Analise da aquisição da postura em pe e de marcha." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312213.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aquisição da postura em pé e da marcha de 24 crianças, entre os 5 e 18 meses de idade cronológica, escolhidas em 5 Hospitais de Campinas/SP. Elas foram assistidas mensalmente até os 12 meses com avaliação aos 18 meses. Foram consideradas provas da Escala Motora das Escalas Bayley de desenvolvimento Infantil (BSID 11), (1993). Os dados foram armazenados e processados de acordo com o Programa Epi-Info 6.02 (Epidemiologic Information). Os resultados foram avaliados utilizando o teste Q de Cochran e o teste de Mc Nemar. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Conclui-se que houve aumento significativo entre: 6° e o 7° meses na troca de passos com o lactente sustentado pelas axilas ou pelas duas mãos (p = 0,0006): entre o 9° e o 10° meses no início da marcha independente (p = 0,0074): no 11° mês na marcha com boa coordenação (p = 0,0498). Aos 12 meses, 19,1% dos lactentes deambularam e aos 18 meses, 90% das crianças subiam e desciam escada com apoio, deambulavam para traz e saltavam com ambos os pés. Menos de 25 % subiam e desciam escada sem apoio, saltavam com os dois pés ou permaneciam em um pé só
Abstract: The aim of this researéh was to evaluate the standing position and walking aequisitions in 24 ehildren ITom 5 to 18 months of age, ehosen in 5 Hospitais in Campinas/SP. They were assessed monthly up to 12 months of age and evaluated at 148 months. There were eonsidered some itens of the Motor Seale of the Bayley Seale of Infant Development (BSID fi), (1993). The data were recorded and analysed by Epi-Info 6.02 Program (Epidemiologie Information). The results were statistieally treated through the Q-Coehran and Me Nemar test. The signifieanee levei was 5 %. We eoncluded that were signifieant inerease ITom: 6 to 7 months of age in ehanging steps being held by arms or by hands (p = 0,0006); 9 to 10 months in -the beggining of independent waIking (p = 0,0074); at 11 months of age, in walking with good coordenation (p = 0,0498). At 12 months, 19, 1% were waIking and at 18 months, 90% were going up and down stairs with help, waIking baekwards and jumping with both feet. Less than 25% eould go up and down stairs with help, jumping with both feet or standing in only foot
Mestrado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Mestre em Ciências Médicas
Calais-Desserée, Elodie. "Analyse de la marche humaine sans marqueurs." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOMU02.
Full textNAGA, SOUMYA. "AN EFFICIENT ALGORITHM FOR CLINICAL MASS CENTER LOCATION OF HUMAN BODY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1131323551.
Full textLaassel, El-Mostafa. "Analyse et modélisation multidimensionelles de la marche humaine." Valenciennes, 1992. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/ad74bd8a-f01e-4436-b58d-831899774598.
Full textSilva, Cláudio Roberto de Carvalho. "Constrangimentos posturais em ergonomia." Florianópolis, SC, 2001. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/79627.
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A incorporação da Ergonomia no projeto e gerenciamento do consultório odontológico é fundamental, com o objetivo de adequar e adaptar o trabalho ao cirurgião dentista. Neste trabalho de pesquisa, a aplicação de conceitos atuais da Ergonomia se fez necessária para que fosse possível a obtenção de dados para uma análise apurada com relação às posturas adotadas pelo cirurgião-dentista e para que fossem elaboradas recomendações com o intuito de assegurar satisfação, bem estar e produtividade no trabalho. Dentro da terapia endodôntica, a fase de preparo dos canais radiculares é, na opinião de um grande número de autores, aquela que exige mais tempo, conhecimento e habilidade por parte do profissional. Novos equipamentos que possibilitam o preparo automatizado dos canais radiculares têm sido incorporados às técnicas convencionais de terapia endodôntica na tentativa de se obter maior qualidade no preparo dos canais em um menor espaço de tempo, possibilitando com isto, a diminuição da fadiga do profissional. Este trabalho analisou a influência da associação da instrumentação automatizada e técnica convencional de preparo dos canais radiculares, no que diz respeito às posturas do endodontista. Para isto utilizou-se a Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho ( AET ) e os métodos OWAS e RULA de análise postural, que, através dos seus respectivos programas, realizaram a análise postural e elaboração de recomendações ao profissional.
Peres, Celeide Pinto Aguiar. "Estudo das sobrecargas posturais em fisioterapeutas." Florianópolis, SC, 2002. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/84479.
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A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo principal identificar a incidência de distúrbios posturais em profissionais fisioterapeutas, relacionando-os com os movimentos e posturas adotadas durante as suas atividades práticas na rotina de trabalho. O estudo contou com a participação de 156 fisioterapeutas, com idade compreendida entre 20 e 42 anos, residentes em Cascavel - Paraná e região. O método utilizado para as análises biomecânicas da postura foi o proposto por Ovako Working Posture Analysing System (OWAS), aliado a um questionário do tipo survey, para verificação de queixas músculo-esqueléticas. O resultado deste estudo levantou uma alta incidência em desconfortos posturais nesses profissionais, com destaque para as seguintes regiões: cervical (51,28%), lombar (33,97%), dorsal (30,12%), membros superiores (16,66%) e membros inferiores (7,69%). Os movimentos de maior expressão, por sua relação com as sobrecargas posturais, estão relacionados aos procedimentos fisioterápicos de técnicas manuais, por exigirem movimentos de flexão e/ou rotação de tronco; da mesma forma, são maximizadas pela quantidade de horas trabalhadas e o número de pacientes atendidos por dia. A pesquisa permitiu concluir que o profissional fisioterapeuta fica exposto a um grau de constrangimento postural importante, que o classificaria como uma profissão de alto risco com propensão a doenças ocupacionais, principalmente, aquelas associadas a coluna vertebral.
Stehlé, Juliette. "Réseaux de proximité humaine : analyse, modélisation et processus dynamiques." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777540.
Full textStehle, Juliette. "Réseaux de proximité humaine : Analyse, modélisation, et processus dynamiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4086.
Full textModern technologies allow to access to more and more detailed information on human interactions. In this context, the SocioPatterns collaboration has allowed to develop an infrastructure based on radio-identification devices, that records human proximity patterns at a fine grained resolution, among voluntary individuals. This infrastructure has been deployed in diverse contexts, such as scientific conferences, a museum, a primary school, or a hospital department. The mere analysis of these data represents a high stake for the study of human dynamics and raises fundamental issues such as the need of adequate tools and analysis techniques. This thesis presents the statistical characterization of physical proximity dynamics, put into relation with the context and other available metadata such as the age, the gender of participants or the structure of their virtual social networks. Although contact patterns considerably differ amongst the various contexts, the empirical distributions of interaction durations and of inter-contact times are very similar. An agent-based model, presented in this thesis, suggests simple microscopic interaction rules able to produce the complex macrostructure of interaction durations. In the last place, the characterization of contact dynamics constitutes a determining step for understanding spreading mechanisms of diseases such as the influenza. The human proximity data have allowed to analyze the level of information needed on contact dynamics for the elaboration of epidemiological models of contagion. Such models allow to better estimate the impact of public health strategies, e.g. the closure of school classes and targeted vaccinations
Paterniani, Paulo Ernesto Stip. "Desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para reconstrução tridimensional e analise de superficies do corpo humano." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275403.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para reconstrução tridimensional e análise de superfícies do corpo humano. Este tipo de metodologia tem aplicações em análises posturais, estudos do movimento respiratório, entre outras. A reconstrução tridimensional de superfícies do corpo é elaborada a partir da projeção estruturada de luz sobre a superfície a ser reconstruída, de modo a permitir a obtenção de um grande número de pontos de luz sobre a mesma. É efetuado o registro videográfico e estereoscópico da superfície sob esta projeção, digitalizando-se as imagens. Utilizando-se um software dedicado, faz-se a medição e a reconstrução tridimensional dos pontos sobre a superfície. É obtido então um plano de projeção conveniente sobre o qual os pontos reconstruídos são projetados ortogonalmente. Neste plano são obtidos o envoltório convexo e a triangulação dos pontos projetados. Para cada triângulo formado é determinado o triângulo correspondente no espaço tridimensional. Através da análise exploratória das medidas de área e perímetro deste último conjunto de triângulos, são identificadas as regiões entre o envoltório convexo e o contorno da superfície projetada. É então elaborada uma representação analítica da superfície na forma de uma função w=f(u, v) avaliada apenas para pontos (u, v) localizados no interior do contorno da superfície projetada. Esta representação permite formas de análise da superfície tais como: a) estimativa de áreas, perímetros e distâncias sobre a superfície; b) obtenção de curvas de nível sobre a superfície; c) orientação da superfície pela determinação de vetores normais à mesma, entre outras. Foram efetuadas três aplicações-teste da metodologia: 1) Foi reconstruída a superfície externa de um objeto cilíndrico. Os resultados desta aplicação indicaram uma acurácia satisfatória da metodologia na estimativa da área da superfície (erro percentual < 2%). 2) Foram reconstruídas as superfícies anterior e posterior de um modelo do tronco humano. A comparação das representações gráficas destas superfícies reconstruídas com o modelo indicou a potencialidade da metodologia na análise topológica e na orientação de superfícies do corpo humano. 3) Foi reconstruída a superfície posterior do tronco de um sujeito como uma avaliação da aplicação da metodologia em seres humanos. Utilizando-se as mesmas formas de análise da aplicação 2, foi confirmada a potencialidade da metodologia em análises posturais.Conclui-se que a metodologia desenvolvida fornece uma representação fiel e detalhada de superfícies do corpo humano, possibilitando a obtenção de informações anatômicas e biomecânicas de interesse em estudos e análises do corpo humano
Abstract: The aim of this work was to develop a methodology for a three-dimensional reconstruction and an analysis of human body surfaces. This kind of methodology has application in studies of postural analyses and respiratory movements, among others. A structured slide is projected onto the body surface. The surface under this projection is registered stereoscopically by video-cameras and this image is converted into an AVI (Audio / Visuallnterleaved) file for computational processing. By using a dedicated software, the three-dimensional coordinates of a light points set on the surface are reconstructed. This set of points is then projected onto a convenient plane of projection. On this plane, the convex hull and the triangulation of the projected points are obtained. For each triangle formed on the plane, the corresponding triangle is determined on the three-dimensional space. Through an exploratory analysis of the area and the perimeter measures of this last set of triangles, the regions between the convex hull and the contour of the projected surface are identified. An analytical representation of the surface is prepared as a function w=f(u, v), which is assessed just for the points (u, v) located in the contou r of the projected surface. This representation allows kinds of surface analysis such as: a) an estimate of areas, perimeters and diameters on the surface; b) attainment of levei curves on the surface; c) orientation of the surface by determining normal vectors at it. Three application-tests of the methodology were conducted: 1) The external surface of a cylindrical object was reconstructed. The results of this application have indicated a satisfactory accuracy of the methodology in estimating the surface area « 2% error). 2) Anterior and posterior surfaces of a human trunk model have been reconstructed. Matching the graphic representations of these reconstructed surfaces with the model has indicated the potentiality of this methodology in the topological analysis and orientation of human body suriaces. 3) The posterior suriace of a subject's trunk was reconstructed as an application assesment of this methodology in human beings. By using the same kinds of analysis as no. 2 application, the potentiality of this methodology in postural analysis was confirmed. The results of this study show that the developed methodology provides a reliable and detailed representation of human body suriaces, enabling the obtainment of anatomical and biomechanical information for studies and analyses of the human body
Mestrado
Mestre em Educação Física
Marin, Thibault. "Conception et validation d'un nouvel outil d'évaluation de la stabilité posturale en position érigée." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS035.
Full textDesign and validation of a new tool for assessing postural stability in quiet standing(SAP3D: 3D Postural Analysis System)Postural stability in quiet standing is a subject’s ability to maintain its balance or to regain it after a perturbation. Multiple organs contribute to ensure postural stability, under a regulation ensured by the central nervous system. The alteration of one or several of these organs (following a trauma, a pathology or simply due to ageing) modifies the subject’s behavior and its ability to maintain stability. Current systems for postural evaluation rely mostly on center of pressure and/or center of mass assessment, disregarding the intersegmental postural behavior: such measurements are possible, but most tools are complex and expensive. The SAP3D system was developed as a new tool for postural stability assessment, allowing for center of mass and multi-segmental three dimensional modeling based on a single inexpensive camera. Validation of the SAP3D system compared to a standard optoelectronic system shows excellent agreement and a satisfyingly low average residue between the two systems. In a clinical setup, the SAP3D system confirms that postural steadiness mechanisms are i) less efficient with eyes closed than eyes opened; ii) negatively affected by ageing; iii) positively affected by regular practice of an activity such as dancing, at least for young women; iv) altered in pathological or injured patients. Although many technical improvements are being considered, the SAP3D system is a reliable, quick, accessible and low-cost clinical alternative to the existing systems for postural evaluation.Keywords: balance; steadiness; motor control; kinematics; center of mass; elderly; ageing; dance; low-cost
Kawase, Patrícia Rocha. "Constrangimento postural ocupacional determinado pelo equipo odontológico." Florianópolis, SC, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/88331.
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O cirurgião-dentista (CD) no seu exercício profissional clínico sofre considerável constrangimento postural devido a limitações espaciais inerentes à própria tarefa. O campo de trabalho, além de possuir dimensões reduzidas, pode estar localizado em regiões bucais de difícil acesso, exigindo que o CD assuma posturas bastante deletérias, justificando a grande incidência de distúrbios músculo-esqueléticos ocupacionais (DMOs) entre os cirurgiões-dentistas. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a ocorrência dos DMOs nos cirurgiões-dentistas da Secretaria de Saúde de Florianópolis através do Questionário Nórdico Músculo-esquelético Modificado (QNM) e Mapeamento de Desconforto Físico. Também foi feita a abordagem do risco ergonômico das posturas ocupacionais pelo método RULA # Rapid Upper Limb Assessment # e a verificação do arranjo físico do posto de trabalho pelo Diagrama de Horas. Dos 31 cirurgiões-dentistas, 80,6% apresentaram algum distúrbio músculo-esquelético, sendo que 60% apresentaram distúrbios músculo-esqueléticos em pelo menos três regiões do corpo. A partir dos dados coletados foi possível evidenciar o aspecto multifatorial dos distúrbios músculo-esqueléticos ocupacionais. Portanto, para sua prevenção e controle, a minimização dos riscos ergonômicos no ambiente de trabalho se faz necessária. O arranjo físico do equipamento odontológico apresentou limitações grosseiras tais como a localização da mesa de trabalho fora da área de alcance do profissional e assento de trabalho mal desenhado. As limitações do equipo somadas às características adversas da própria tarefa certamente trazem conseqüências prejudiciais à assistência em saúde, ora comprometendo a qualidade e produtividade do serviço prestado, ora debilitando severamente o cirurgião-dentista. The dentist performs his tasks under considerably postural constraints to access the operative field. The clinical tasks are developed in the limited space of the oral cavity and require excessive leaning and contorting of the body. As a result, the dentist is often at great risk for developing work-related muskuloskeletal disorders (WRMDs). The aim of this investigation was to assess subjectively effects of WRMDs among dentists in the Public Dental Service in Florianópolis city and also identify some ergonomic factors of the workplace that may develop WRMDs. The modified Nordic Muskuloskeletal Questionnaire, the Body Discomfort Map, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and the Clock Diagram were used in this investigation. Also, a literature search was performed. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and discomfort was high - of the 31 dentists that took part 80,6% reported symptoms in the locomotor system. 60% of the respondents reported experiencing three or more body parts with musculoskeletal pain or discomfort. The findings also indicated an interaction of psychosocial factors and job demands. Indeed, WRMDs have a multifactorial etiology and many associated causes, including physical, work organizational, psychosocial, individual, and sociocultural factors. The dental equipments investigated didn#t include ergonomic concepts proving to be poorly designed. In regard to awkward postures that must be reduced in the workplace, the dental equipment should be redesigned. The task also should be designed in order toavoid improper work habits as prolonged sitting, unsupported sitting, instruments that are difficult to reach and wasting motions. Some ergonomics recommendations were made to create a safe and sound working environment. Ergonomic interventions for prevention and reduction of WRMDs should include education and awareness to dentists regarding the implications of work-related risk factors, and encouraging people to accept change.
Stordeur, Patrick. "Analyse de l'expression de l'ARN messager de l'interleukine-10." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211501.
Full textBelluye, Nicolas. "Analyse biomécanique du positionnement en cyclisme." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12319.
Full textRusthoven, Thea van Til. "Chromo-analyse des personnages dans La bête humaine d'Émile Zola." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ35447.pdf.
Full textTessitore, Adriana. "Analise radiografica da posição habitual da lingua." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313726.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: A necessidade e conhecimento da posição habitual da língua (PHL) decorre, entre outros fatores, da importância que a mesma exerce no desenvolvimento das arcadas dentárias. A língua é considerada um dos fatores determinante da oc1usão.O crescimento craniofacial é, igualmente, influenciado, pelo padrão respiratório, entre outros fatores,. A compreensão de seus mecanismos é fundamental no entendimento de processos terapêuticos em fonoaudiologia, odontologia e otorrinolaringologia. A avaliação objetiva da PHL é difícil de ser realizada. Não há um método objetivo, de fácil aplicação clínica, que possa avaliá-Ia. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a posição habitual da língua, utilizando-se um método radiológico padronizado, em indivíduos com diferentes padrões respiratórios e diferentes tipos de oc1usãodentária ...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: The need of knowledge upon the evaluation on the tongue habitual position (THP [PHLD arises, among other factors , from the importance the role tongue plays at the development of dental arcades. The tongue is considered one of the decisive factors for occlusion. The craniofacial growing is likewise influenced, out of other factors, by the breathing pattem. The comprehension of its mechanisms is quite substantial at the understanding of therapeutic processes in phonoaudiology, odontology (dentistry) and otorhinolaryngology. An objective evaluation of the THP is quite hard to be performed. There is no objective method of easy clinica! application, tailored to evaluate it only. The objective of this work is to study the tongue habitual position ...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations
Mestrado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Mestre em Ciências Médicas
Staicu, Adriana Violeta. "Analyse et modélisation du mouvement de préhension." Lyon 1, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00543780.
Full textThis work discusses two fundamental problems relating to grasping hand : determining a kinematic model of the hand and to realise a data base of prehensile postures of the hand. A new kinematics model of the hand is developed with the main specificity: the deformation in arch of the palm realised by a two additional degrees of freedom for the ring and pinkie fingers. Ideal joints and rigid segments characterise the kinematic skeleton of the hand. The kinematical model is described using a robotic formalism developped by Denavit-Hartenberg. Ten hand postures are unregistered during an experimentation in vivo and using different shapes (sphere, cylinder and cube) and dimensions of object (40 mm, 60 mm, 80 mm). Qualitative and quantitative validation are realised using this model in the environment of an existent in digital human model (MAN3D)
Fusco, Nicolas Delamarche Paul Cretual Armel. "Analyse, modélisation et simulation de la marche pathologique." Rennes : Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00293627/fr.
Full textQuaine, Franck. "Analyse statique et dynamique de la posture en quadrupedie verticale." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10204.
Full textSiegrist, Kyle W. "Diagnostic Analysis of Postural Data using Topological Data Analysis." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1564748543676698.
Full textKharboutly, Haissam. "Evaluation de l'instabilité posturale à partir d'une plate-forme robotisée de perturbation de l'équilibre." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066515.
Full textBalance disorders represent a public health problem because they affect mobility and some autonomy. In the geriatric population, balance disorders are often frequent, have multiple causes and intricate. People with neurological, orthopedic or vestibular deficits may have sensorimotor disorder, biomechanical trouble or sensory integration problems that also affect balance, posture and thus mobility.The identification of the different impairments of balance system issue is the goal of our work. Today, the majority of the evaluation tests of balance are in “static” and they are highly controversial because of their poor repeatability. There are some tests for balance evaluation in “dynamic” conditions, but they are very dependent on the used tool. Balance evaluation becomes more complicated in the dynamic case, since there are several platforms with different movements. A patient should not move from one platform to another to make different movements and evaluations. For a complete analysis of postural stability, we must find a new solution that replaces all existing platforms into a single platform. This original platform is “IsiMove” the tool designed, developed and used in this thesis to measure the stability of subjects with balance disorders.IsiMove is a new dynamic posturography platform, designed by ASSISTMOV SAS company in collaboration with the Institute of Intelligent Systems and Robotics "ISIR" and the Rothschild Hospital. This platform addresses the need for balance analysis with its four degrees of freedom. The dual force plate on the platform allows the measurement of the posture and the force interaction of the foot / floor during the reactions, which then allows the analysis of the pathological behavior for a broad class of physical disabilities, neurological or vestibular.A new balance evaluation protocol was elaborated under the direction of Pr.Thoumie, following a series of experiments and tests. This protocol is almost complete; it is divided into two parts: static (standard protocol) and dynamic. The dynamic part is unique, in all 3 planes of space, simple movement and different frequencies. Tests on subjects with neurological disorders (myopathy and neuropathy) or stroke (hemiplegia) were made in the Rothschild hospital with the help of a physiotherapist. The majority of subjects with neurological disorders were unable to perform all exercises protocol, unlike patients with stroke. This has force us to propose two balance assessment methods: the first is based on discriminant statistical analysis and the second is based on graphical representation
Gavard, Olivia. "Modélisation et analyse d’un interactome de la kinase humaine Aurora A." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S160/document.
Full textThe kinase Aurora A is an essential mitotic cell cycle protein. Aurora A is necessary for mitotic entry and for the maturation and separation of centrosomes. It participates in mitotic spindle assembly and chromosome biorientation, and it is essential for the completion of cytokinesis. Furthermore, Aurora A activity is necessary for the equal distribution of mitochondria to daughter cells and, through its role in the alternative splicing of mRNA of apoptotic factors, it provides a link between cell cycle control and apoptosis. Beyond its mitotic functions, several recent studies suggest that Aurora A is also important during interphase. Notably, it influences microtubule dynamics, promotes cell migration and polarity control and is essential for primary cilia disassembly. Reflecting the fact that Aurora A is found to be up-regulated in many cancers, deregulation of Aurora A activity can result in an aberrant cell cycle, ultimately leading to malignant transformation of cells. The crucial regulation of Aurora A’s numerous functions is achieved through its interaction with several protein partners, which modulate its activity, localisation and stability. Aurora A in turn phosporylates a number of them, thus regulating their activity, localisation and stability. However, the known interactions of Aurora A cannot explain all the phenotypes that have been described of its deregulation.To better understand the functions of Aurora A, the regulation mechanisms governing it, and to expose its multiple roles in the cell, I have built and analysed an Aurora A interactome using tandem affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry. This resulted in the identification of 477 potential interacting partners, of which, 180 were determined to have a high probability of interacting directly with the kinase.In-depth bioinformatic analysis of this interactome has revealed the associated partners to be related to mitochondria and mRNA splicing, highlighting the potential involvement of Aurora A in these mechanisms. To validate the interactome, two of the proteins identified in this study, WDR62 and CEP97, were examined in detail. Here I show that these two proteins colocalise with Aurora A, and are phosphorylated by the kinase.WDR62 is implicated in microcephaly and is deregulated in certain cancers. I have shown that Aurora A phosphorylates WDR62 during mitosis, and that this phosphorylation is necessary for its localisation to the centrosomes. CEP97 is a poorly charactarised protein of the primary cilium, abnormalities of which are associated with ciliopathies. I have shown that Aurora A phosphorylates CEP97 in vitro, and that the inhibition of Aurora A activity in vivo perturbs the localisation of CEP97 to cilia and centrosomes.This study has identified a number of new Aurora A-interacting proteins, implicating the kinase with novel functions. These functions, related to mitochondria and mRNA splicing have opened up a new area for further investigation
Hayot, Chris. "Analyse biomécanique 3D de la marche humaine : comparaison des modèles mécaniques." Poitiers, 2010. http://nuxeo.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/79a24c44-5587-4172-abb4-2eb7651d6ce5.
Full textSimplified mechanical models of gait aim to analyze the walker behavior leaning upon the whole body center of mass trajectory. The purpose of this work was to (i) study the accuracy of those models in relation to the multilink modelling ; and (ii) propose a more realistic simplified mechanical model of human gait. A preliminary study of the gait determinants theory was realized. The respective contribution of gait determinants was firstly evaluated on the center of mass trajectory. Secondly, we evaluated their influence on the ground reaction force. Considering the results of this study, an original simplified mechanical model was proposed to simulate the 3D center of mass trajectory : the 3D Extended Inverted Pendulum (EIP3D) model. An energetic-mechanical analysis of different simplified mechanical models extended this study. First, the analysis was based on the center of mass trajectory, getting onto the mathematical formulation of external mechanical energy and external work. The study of internal forces applied to the multilink system then proceeded the energetic-mechanical analysis of gait. From the Kinetic Energy Theorem, different formulations of the internal work calculation were presented. This chapter underlined the significance to dissociate positive work from negative work to approach the actual energetic-mechanical cost of human gait
Facy, Patrice. "Lectines nucleaires d'une lignee cellulaire tumorale humaine : analyse biologique et biochimique." Orléans, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ORLE2008.
Full textGavard, Olivia. "Modélisation et analyse de l'interactome de la kinase humaine Aurora A." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26685.
Full textThe serine-threonine kinase Aurora A is an essential mitotic cell cycle protein. Aurora A is necessary for mitotic entry and for the maturation and separation of centrosomes. It participates in mitotic spindle assembly and chromosome biorientation, and it is essential for the completion of cytokinesis. Furthermore, Aurora A activity is necessary for the equal distribution of mitochondria to daughter cells and, through its role in the alternative splicing of mRNA of apoptotic factors, it provides a link between cell cycle control and apoptosis. Beyond its mitotic functions, several recent studies suggest that Aurora A is also important during interphase. Notably, it influences microtubule dynamics, promotes cell migration and polarity control and is essential for primary cilia disassembly. Reflecting the fact that Aurora A is found to be up-regulated in many cancers, deregulation of Aurora A activity can result in an aberrant cell cycle, ultimately leading to malignant transformation of cells. The crucial regulation of Aurora A’s numerous functions is achieved through its interaction with several protein partners, which modulate its activity, localisation and stability. Aurora A in turn phosporylates a number of them, thus regulating their activity, localisation and stability. However, the known interactions of Aurora A cannot explain all the phenotypes that have been described of its deregulation. To better understand the functions of Aurora A, the regulation mechanisms governing it, and to expose its multiple roles in the cell, I have built and analysed an Aurora A interactome using tandem affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry. This resulted in the identification of 477 potential interacting partners, of which, 180 were determined to have a high probability of interacting directly with the kinase. In-depth bioinformatic analysis of this interactome has revealed the associated partners to be related to mitochondria and mRNA splicing, highlighting the potential involvement of Aurora A in these mechanisms. To validate the interactome, two of the proteins identified in this study, WDR62 and CEP97, were examined in detail. Here I show that these two proteins colocalise with Aurora A, and are phosphorylated by the kinase. WDR62 is implicated in microcephaly and is deregulated in certain cancers. I have shown that Aurora A phosphorylates WDR62 during mitosis, and that this phosphorylation is necessary for its localisation to the centrosomes. CEP97 is a poorly charactarised protein of the primary cilium, abnormalities of which are associated with ciliopathies. I have shown that Aurora A phosphorylates CEP97 in vitro, and that the inhibition of Aurora A activity in vivo perturbs the localisation of CEP97 to cilia and centrosomes. This study has identified a number of new Aurora A-interacting proteins, implicating the kinase with novel functions. These functions, related to mitochondria and mRNA splicing have opened up a new area for further investigation.
Fischer, Raphaël. "Analyse vibratoire de la colonne cervicale humaine : Caractérisation et modélisation physique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/FISCHER_Raphael_2004.pdf.
Full textFourès, Thomas. "Description analytique de la posture du corps humain pour l'indexation vidéo." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30056.
Full textThis thesis concerns the extraction of relevant parameters dedicated to the description of the human posture. The proposed parameters have to be compliant with indexing purposes. Our approach is based on an articulated model of the body. A hierarchical description of the posture will be obtained. Thus, an iterative refining of the limb localization can be implemented. First, the subject bounding box is extracted. Correspondence between model elements and the image is computed by cutting the image according to the supposed localization of each limb. Within those search areas, each element is matched by using distance maps and physical constraints. These processes are used in a hierarchical way: first the coarsest level of the model is implemented and obtained results are then used to match the next level. System output is evaluated without any ground truth, and different processes are used to detect and correct eventual errors, preparing data to the definition of a similarity measure
Clavel, Louis. "Analyse et modélisation de l'interaction posturo-ventilatoire en physiologie et application en pathologie respiratoire chronique Compensation of Respiratory-Related Postural Perturbation Is Achieved by Maintenance of Head-to-Pelvis Alignment in Healthy Humans Breathing through a spirometer perturbs balance." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS061.
Full textIn physiology, postural and ventilatory functions are tightly linked. Some clinical postural dysfunctions have been described in chronic respiratory pathologies. These postural dysfunctions could stem from a degradation of posturo-ventilatory interaction, but their physiopathological mechanisms are still unclear. The main objective of the thesis project was to describe and model this coupling between postural and ventilatory functions, in healthy subjects and in patient with OSAS (obstructive sleep apnea syndrome). It is divided in two parts, both applied to the study of a population of 50 healthy subjects and 14 OSAS patients. First, the dynamic interaction between postural and ventilatory functions is analyzed, and its modifications of the kinematic chain responsible for balance, along various ventilatory conditions as well. Using a motion capture system, a kinematic analysis was performed, synchronized to a non-disruptive ventilatory assessment to study postural and ventilatory signals separately, before focusing on the posturo-ventilatory interaction. Then a structural analysis of the lung volume influences on the postural alignment and the rib cage has been studied. A 3D skeletal subject specific reconstruction was performed based on biplanar radiographies in standing position at different lung volumes, in order to model the structural modifications on the spine-pelvis complex and the rib cage deformations as a function of the lung volume
Barbosa, Rafael. "Vers des outils d'analyse musicale à l'échelle humaine." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2013/document.
Full textWhile music has contributed to the development of cognitive psychology and experimental aesthetics, musicology, and more particularly its analytical branch, has taken little benefit from the achievements of what has been called "the sciences of music ". This situation is the result of a growing ontological distance between the paradigms underlying the development of cognitive sciences and those on which musicological theory and analysis are grounded. The difficulty in assimilating a transdisciplinary methodology – a central epistemological question that accompanies the development of cognitive sciences – is also responsible for the chronic lack of interest on the part of musicologists for the scientific disciplines which have open the possibility to understand music as an object shaped both by perception and cognition, and as a living aesthetic experience. This research evaluates the reasons that prove the relevance and the necessity of building a straight relation between the analytical musicology and the scientific study of perception and aesthetics. It also leads a discussion in order to propose a definition of the aims and the means characterizing an analytical musicology that recognizes and preserves its place within the frame of the contemporary human and natural sciences
Silva, Cristiano Rocha da. "Estudo multivariável do controle postural humano em resposta a pistas sensoriais somestésicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-05012017-104731/.
Full textHuman subjects during upright stance show random postural oscillations which are controlled by the central nervous system. A light touch of an index finger (LT) on a surface fixed to the ground results in an additional sensory cue, which promotes a decrease in postural oscillations. However, there is a need to improve the knowledge about mechanisms associated with LT, both with respect to sensory and motor aspects associated with the phenomenon. This study aimed to further the understanding of the influence of LT on the behavior of multiple variables measured during upright stance. The first chapter analyzed variations of some quantifiers of postural sway based on the center of pressure (CP), center of mass (CM) and joint and body angles during experiments with different surface and vision conditions, with and without LT. In addition, the spectral coherence was analyzed between electromyogram signals from different muscles of the body and the previously listed sway quantifiers. The results showed that LT decreases the level of activation of some muscles, particularly the medial gastrocnemius, an important muscle for the maintenance of posture. Segmental and body angle variability and variables extracted from the CP and CM decreased in conditions with LT. In coherence analysis LT promoted some changes in patterns of oscillation between angles, CP, CM and EMGs, but with few modifications in the phase between the signals. The intermuscular coherence analysis (comparing the right and left muscles pairs of the body) showed that significant changes usually occured in the range of 0 to 1-2 Hz (in phase) for the lower limbs and may increase the frequency range in unstable situations (without vision and unstable surface). In these cases LT starts to affect more significantly the coherence between signals. The second chapter of this study was motivated by results from studies that have shown that it is possible to manipulate the sensory inputs generated by the finger during LT. This study investigated whether the withdrawal of a finger proprioceptive input affects postural sway, allowing an analysis of the effects of cutaneous sensory inputs of the third finger muscles. Postural control was evaluated with the subjects with the eyes closed and on an unstable surface. The results showed that removal of proprioceptive information from the finger flexor muscles decreased the variability and speed of the CP, indicating that cutaneous inputs without proprioceptive information may decrease postural sway
Vandesteene, Arlette. "Analyse des effets des agents anesthésiques halogènes sur les potentiels somesthésiques de courte latence." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212644.
Full textPettersson, Robert. "Human Postures and Movements analysed through Constrained Optimization." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för teknikvetenskap, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10682.
Full textRicard, Brigitte. "β-D-mannosidase humaine : analyse biochimique comparée de l'enzyme rénale et urinaire." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P629.
Full textArcelin, René. "Interactions entre la sollicitation des processus physiologiques lors d'un exercice aérobie et le fonctionnement cognitif ; influences des contraintes de la tâche physique." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2359.
Full textDecoodt, Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude de la fonction ventriculaire gauche chez l'homme par analyse informatisée de l'échocardiogramme." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213661.
Full textAllaert, Benjamin. "Analyse des expressions faciales dans un flux vidéo." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I021/document.
Full textFacial expression recognition has attracted great interest over the past decade in wide application areas, such as human behavior analysis, e-health and marketing. In this thesis we explore a new approach to step forward towards in-the-wild expression recognition. Special attention has been paid to encode respectively small/large facial expression amplitudes, and to analyze facial expressions in presence of varying head pose. The first challenge addressed concerns varying facial expression amplitudes. We propose an innovative motion descriptor called LMP. This descriptor takes into account mechanical facial skin deformation properties. When extracting motion information from the face, the unified approach deals with inconsistencies and noise, caused by face characteristics. The main originality of our approach is a unified approach for both micro and macro expression recognition, with the same facial recognition framework. The second challenge addressed concerns important head pose variations. In facial expression analysis, the face registration step must ensure that minimal deformation appears. Registration techniques must be used with care in presence of unconstrained head pose as facial texture transformations apply. Hence, it is valuable to estimate the impact of alignment-related induced noise on the global recognition performance. For this, we propose a new database, called SNaP-2DFe, allowing to study the impact of head pose and intra-facial occlusions on expression recognition approaches. We prove that the usage of face registration approach does not seem adequate for preserving the features encoding facial expression deformations