Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analyse de la mobilité'
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Poirel, Maylis. "Produire les usagers : analyse du travail quotidien des professionnels de la mobilité." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1046/document.
Full textIt is now essential for professionals in charge of the mobility services production to take into account their users. However, most of the time they work in the absence of users : in the case of classic services, the users are inaccessible, and in the case of emerging collaborative services such as carpooling, they don't exist yet. Professionals then use various devices, such as surveys, consultation, claims processing, communication, or information system, in order to represent the users in the different dimensions of the mobility services production. This thesis research relies on interactionist, sociotechnical and commmunication approaches in order to give a global understanding of the production of these various devices generally taken separately. The main argument is that the professionals build a fiction in which the users become characters: they go back and forth between staging interactions with the users and reflecting on them through storytelling.This research relies on a qualitative study with two mobility services producers in the Parisian region based on participant observation of work situations and semi-structured interviews with professionals. The first one is the regional Public Transport Authority in charge of the design and the operation of the regional public transport services. The second one is a short distance carpooling start-up launching an experiment in partnership with local authorities in the outer suburbs of the metropolitan area
Jayet, Hubert. "Mobilité professionnelle et mobilité géographique : analyse économique et applications économétriques." Poitiers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993POIT4005.
Full textThis thesis starts with an examination of the links between job mobility and geographical mobility; then it shows how the specific position of urban areas in the migratory system results from the behaviour of their labour markets. The empirical analysis of job careers as well as theoretical investigations based upon sjaastad's model of migration as an investment in human capital emphasize the importance of an agent's position on the local labour market as a determinant of migration. The analysis of the links between urbanization, local labour markets and migration starts from the observation of an opposition between mobile urban labour markets where women and youths are better off and immobile rural labour markets where men and mature people are better off. It shows at what degree this opposition stems from specific structures of uban and rural labour markets and of the structure of the links between job mobility and geographical mobility
Zhu, Nong. "Analyse des migrations en Chine : mobilité spatiale et mobilité professionnelle." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF10256.
Full textThis study investigates the process of spacious and professional mobility of agricultural labor in China since the economic reform. The macroeconomic analyses show that the special features of Chinese society make its migration situation different from that of the other countries. The mobility of agricultural labors in China is spread out across an economy of four sectors: agricultural sector, non-agricultural sector, urban formal sector and urban informal sector. The microeconomic analyses show that the mobility of agricultural labors is motivated by the maximization of their utility. This individualistic behavior leads to social welfare improvements by reducing poverty and inequality. The spontaneous mobility of agricultural labor results in an auto-adjustment process. Finally, this work demonstrates that the participation in rural non-farm activities is not only a substitute but also a complement of migration
Epstein, David. "La mobilité spatiale locale : l'influence de la mobilité quotidienne sur la mobilité résidentielle : l'exemple des résidants actifs luxembourgeois." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932481.
Full textCautrès, Bruno. "La Mobilité sociale, ses formes et ses conséquences politiques : une analyse comparée France-Grande-Bretagne." Grenoble 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE21020.
Full textThe thesis tends to developp the elements of a theory of social mobility and its political consequences, in the framework of a comparative analysis in france and in great-britain. Based on empirical analysis, with the help of statistical tools, the thesis is organised in four main parts. The first is concerned with the theories of social mobility, from the point of view of its political consequences and from the point of view of its measures. The second establishs the conditions of a comparative analysis of social mobility. The third developps the empirical analysis of social mobility in france and great-britain. The fourth concerns the political consequences of social mobility on political attitudes and behaviors in the two countries. Throught all the empirical analysis the thesis uses a lot quantitative analysis, specially the log - linear models and the logistics regression techniques
Madre, Rachel. "Analyse de la sortie du chômage : le rôle de la dimension spatiale de la recherche d'emploi." Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN20002.
Full textThis thesis proposes to analyze the role of the spatial dimension of the job search in the exit from unemployment. Our objective is to see whether the propensity to accept a longer commuting distance or to change residential location accelerate the exit from unemployment by allowing job searchers to look for employment where there are jobs. Two parts are considered, a theoretical part and an empirical part. In the theoretical part, we reason first in a setting where the unemployed cannot change residence. We emphasize the effect of residential location and that of potential commuting on the exit from unemployment. Then we are interested in taking residential mobility in the job search behaviour into account. In addition, we detail the question of the role of the spatial dimension of the job search in the exit from unemployment by taking into account the presence of a spouse. More precisely, we examine whether the presence of a spouse is likely to contribute to the determination of the spatial area of the job search and to model the choices of geographical mobility of the unemployed living in a partnership. In the empirical part, we use the data of the survey « Trajectoires des demandeurs d’emploi et marché local du travail ». The principal advantage of this survey carried out by the DARES is the importance of the spatial information. Using the tools of duration analysis, we test the impacts of residential location, future commuting and residential mobility on the duration of unemployment
Pentel, Alain. "Analyse économique de la mobilité résidentielle intra-urbaine dans l'agglomération lilloise." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50374-2000-31.pdf.
Full textBoniface, Philippe. "La mobilité professionnelle des Martiniquais dans la Caraïbe : analyse de la situation, enjeux, propositions." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGUY0845/document.
Full textAt the turn of the century, the challenge for Martinique is to build a model of endogenous development that requires its integration in the Caribbean. There is consensus for this approach, both in terms of economic actors as local and national governance. But what the people think? On the diplomatic front, this orientation is reflected by a gradual accession of Martinique to different Caribbean community organizations as a full member. All these developments are taking place in a socioeconomic context characterized for Martinique by a population in the process of aging, structural unemployment, and a departure from the territory of graduates. In this perspective, the development of trade with the Caribbean will induce the material and immaterial flows and for Martinique, perspectives employability in Caribbean countries with more lenient unemployment. These contextual elements questioning the evolution of Martinican society in a new international landscape that goes beyond political and diplomatic agreements, as it will lead to encounters between individuals of different cultures and business practices, directly or indirectly, materialized or dematerialized. This study focuses on the perspective of individuals and the way they look at what should be regarded as a social project and how they contribute. It is part of a perspective of the development of professional mobility of Martinique in the Caribbean and on the conditions for its implementation. She questions the environment in which today operate occupational mobility projects internationally Martinicans and social representations that are running in this new paradigm. How can the Caribbean Martinique become a citizen on the broader labor market to the countries of the Caribbean basin?
Martinez, Valérie. "Construction de l'Est et de l'Ouest : vers des compétences interculturelles? Un exemple de recherche à Hong - Kong en mobilité académique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA003/document.
Full textNumerous scholars have already stressed the need to prepare students prior to academic mobility (Abdallah-Pretceille, 2003; Jackson, 2013, for example) in order to face hypermodernity (Aubert, 2004). As per the new mobilities paradigm (Urry, 2007), this implies considering individuals at the centre of political and institutional issues. Furthermore, the multiplicity of terminology of references towards academic mobility, and intercultural competences, justifies this research. The theory, for this doctoral dissertation, applies “renewed interculturality” (Dervin, 2012), a move away from a culturalist approach. Intercultural competences are therefore defined as a stepping back from discourses on the Other that may emerge during encounters. In order to collect the data, six focus groups have been organised with two batches of students from a Higher Education Institution in Hong-Kong, an “education hub” (Dervin & Machart, 2014) that is striving to be competitive particularly in increasing the number of incomingand outcoming students. Training and education to interculturality have been implemented prior to academic mobility in order to observe the impact on participants’ discourses before and after the mobility. Theories of enunciation and dialogism represent the methodology allowing us to compare and analyse the reported voices in the participants’ discourse and their prosodic realisation (Martin & White, 2005) before and after the experience of academic mobility. I have attempted to observe the dialogic space available to welcome the Other during encounters in the participants’ discourse. The results seem to underline the increased number of reported voices in participants’ discourse after study abroad, but as the space opened for negotiation is instable and depends on the interlocutors and the voices addressed, consequently, further research appears necessary to study the influences of a preparation prior to mobility on the contraction or expansion of heteroglossia. All in all, this doctoral dissertation aimed to renew preparation for mobilities in an academic setting that emphasises on the well being of lifelong learners
Wodociag, Sophie. "Les cadres pendulaires à l'international : caractérisation et analyse de leur relation au travail." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENA021/document.
Full textManagers who commute internationally represent an emerging category of personnel. During their international missions, they commute weekly between their headquarters and other worldwide locations. They are neither expatriates, nor sedentary managers. Who exactly are they? What organizational policies and procedures have been implemented to manage and help them? Are their difficulties known and recognized? So many questions that the literature has not yet addressed, whereas the use of shortterm international mobility has increased by 10% since 2002 and a further mobility intensification is foreseen? in the next five years (20% increase). Following an exploratory objective, our research focused on the characterization of the managers who commute internationally and their relationship with the workplace. We utilized several methods (qualitative and quantitative methods, use of the diary study) and complementary theoretical frameworks (Job-Demands – Resources Model (Demerouti and al., 2001) and Psychological Contract (Rousseau, 1989)). Our work consisted of three studies. The first quantitative study (1.841 participants), lead through a partnership with APEC, examined the contours and characteristics of the managers who commute internationally, highlighting the similarity of their level of exhaustion and emotional well-being with that of national commuters and sedentary managers. It confirmed that this category of personnel, more diversified than the expatriates, more feminized, experts as well as managerial profiles, was characterized by a specific behavior. Through the collection of life stories (1 0 participants), the second study defined the psychological contract of the managers who commute internationally: those that sacrificed their time, to the detriment of their private life, in exchange of professional career and enrichment. Conflicts between private and professional life emerged when the international commuting threatened the family well-being; in this situation, spousal support was considered a primary resource. The third study (30participants), a diary study, highlighted the importance of certain resources to manage daily this kind of mobility: professional opportunities, development and psychological detachment limited the burnout level during the mission. Finally, recommendations were addressed in order to improve the organizational valorization of the managers who commute internationally. Indeed, these later are the intermediary between the headquarters and the subsidiaries of multinationals, they diffuse the organizational information and culture. They represent a fundamental intangible value that the organization has to care of
I quadri pendolari internazionali rappresentano una categoria di personale emergente. A seconda delle loro missioni internazionali, viaggiano ogni settimana tra la loro sede di lavoro e altri paesi per il mondo. Essi non sono né degli espatriati e né dei quadri tradizionali. Chi sono realmente? Quale strumento di gestione ha implementato l’azienda per inquadrarli? Si conoscono le loro difficoltà ? Sono queste prese in considerazione dall’azienda? Tante domande che la letteratura non ha ancora affrontato, mentre l'uso della mobilità internazionale a breve termine è aumentato del 10% dal 2002 e tenderà ad intensificarsi ulteriormente nei prossimi cinque anni, con una crescita prevista del 20%. Con un obiettivo esplorativo, questa ricerca si interessa alla caratterizzazione dei quadri pendolari nella mobilità internazionale e della loro relazione con il lavoro. Lo studio è basato su un insieme di metodologie diversificate (metodologia qualitativa, analisi di dati quantitativi, uso del metodo diary study), su dei modelli teorici di analisi complementari (il JD-R Model (Demerouti et al., 2001) ed su il contratto psicologico (Rousseau, 1989). 3 studi complementari sono stati condotti. Il primo studio quantitativo (1 841 partecipanti) è concentrato sull'esame dei contorni e caratteristiche dei quadri pendolari internazionali, mettendo in evidenza la similarità del loro livello di esaurimento e di benessere emotivo con quello dei pendolari nazionali e quadri sedentari ; ha confermato che questa categoria di personale, più diversificata degli espatriati, più femminilizzata, includendo dei profili sia di esperti che di manager, si comporta in un determinato modo. Attraverso la raccolta di storie di vita (10 partecipanti), il secondo studio, a sua volta, ha definito il contratto psicologico dei quadri pendolari internazionali, essi sacrificano (a discapito della loro vita privata) il loro tempo in cambio di una evoluzione e di un arricchimento professionali. I conflitti tra le sfere di vita emergono quando il pendolarismo internazionale minaccia il benessere delle famiglie; il sostegno del coniuge si presenta allora come una risorsa fondamentale. Infine, il terzo studio (30 partecipanti), di tipo diary study, ha evidenziato l'importanza di alcune risorse per la gestione quotidiana di questo tipo di mobilità: opportunità di sviluppo professionale e distacco psicologico potrebbero contenere il livello di esaurimento professionale durante le trasferte. Infine, sono state suggerite delle raccomandazioni affinché le organizzazioni imparino a valorizzare questa categoria di personale che, facendo spola tra la sede centrale e le filiali delle multinazionali, è portatrice dell’informazione e della cultura dell’ organizzazione e costituisce un rilevante valore immateriale dell’azienda stessa
Dervin, Fred. "Métamorphoses identitaires en situation de mobilité." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030027.
Full textThis study has its roots in the current upsurge in student mobility and in the scientific debates about the concepts of identity and intercultural communication. Based on a corpus of interviews with French Erasmus students in Finland, the study blends in theories of postmodern identity, intercultural hermeneutics and discourse analysis to examine how the students construct themselves and diverse ‘othernesses’ (included theirs) when they talk about their experiences. The use of the French pronoun on, pronoun switches, and virtual voices (ex: I said to myself. . . ) allowed to pinpoint the students’unstable identity metamorphoses in their discourses: integration of liquid and solid selves, infidelity in identification with the French but also with Erasmus ‘tribes’, and games of identity. Though the exchange experience appears as interesting for the students, the results show that many and varied misconceptions about identity, culture, intercultural communication, language use, and strangeness lead the students to evaluate their experiences negatively. The implication of the study is that students should be prepared for their time abroad, not so much in terms of ‘grammars of culture’ (e. G. ‘Finns behave in such and such ways’, ‘the French are. . . ’), but through the development of competences to analyse the identity metamorphoses that take place in intercultural encounters and prevent people from meeting each other as diverse individuals. This could make study abroad one of the best training periods for postmodernity and globalization
Laval-Gilly, Philippe. "Analyse de la mobilité des macrophages pour le développement d'un biocapteur atmosphérique." Metz, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2000/Laval_Gilly.SMZ0052.pdf.
Full textBrahimi, Ali. "Analyse économétrique de la mobilité géographique de formation et d'emploi des étudiants : l'exemple des étudiants des filières juridiques, économiques, de gestion et d'administration économique et sociale." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10059.
Full textThe research undertaken aims to provide an analytic description of the geographical mobility of "training and employment" of college students. Supplying with a set of conceptual tools, we have elaborated a statistical and economic framework allowing bringing a light on this question, as well as a number of replies elements. The human capital approach has been privileged as our theoretical basis. Despite its limits, this approach appears to be the most adequate means to describe, analyze and understand the migratory behaviour of the observed population. Two levels of analysis, micro and macro, have been retained, allowing distinguishing two different aspects of migration. The first concerns decision aspects and individual behaviour and the second description of flows. These two aspects raise of course, questions of different nature. Such methodological option allows enriching considerably the analysis. Empirically, the work is essentially based on the estimation of probabilistic, statistical and mathematical models as well as on the use of methods of data analysis in order to take into account the reality of the observed movements. Thus, we have been able to explain the effect of individual characteristics on the migration decision, and therefore their impact on the migratory process. Similarly, we have studied the geography of the movement and space distribution of flows. Moreover, the attraction and/or repulsion power intrinsic to regions as well as the influence of the regional attributes and the distance effect are clearly shown up. So, this modelling approach can be considered as a statistical test of a descriptive model. It allows us to interpret the trajectory of observed flows by giving them both characterization and an economic sense
Drevon, Guillaume. "Mobilité quotidienne et stratégies d’adaptation spatio-temporelles des ménages : une approche comparée des espaces transfrontaliers et non frontaliers des métropoles luxembourgeoises et grenobloises." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH011/document.
Full textThe dominant residential model frequently implies living at a distance from the workplace. Economists, geographers and sociologists have shown the consequences of such a residential choice in terms of economic costs, modal choice, environmental impacts and the socio-spatial distribution of populations. The spatial-temporal approach presented here, which has been relatively little studied until now, aims to put into perspective the different ways in which long daily journey-to-work movements are managed, notably through programming activities. It examines the spatial-temporal equation of families who have to reconcile and articulate the different spheres of daily life (work, family, journeys) in situations where time-budgets are under severe strain due to the distances involved. This research is based on the gene- ral hypothesis that the solution to this equation requires putting into place social-spatial strategies and regular adjustments, both within households and within the close social and spatial environment. The daily mobility of Luxembourg’s frontier workers, characterised by long journey-to-work movements and the crossing of a state border, represents a relevant case for analysis, where the separation between places of work and residence takes on particular and accentuated forms. Although frontiers are tending to disappear within the Schengen area, the research hypothesises that borders retain an organisational influence on the daily routines of frontier workers. The heuristic analysis grid is based on the link between experiences and perceptions from which spatial-temporal associations emerge and correspond with particular spatial life-styles. The first level of analysis which considers spatial behaviour of all Luxem- bourg frontier workers, shows strong links with the place of residence and the constrained organisation of activities based on short distances. A comparison with the spatial-temporal behaviour patterns of non-frontier workers at Voiron (part of the Grenoble metropolitan area) confirms these results and demonstrates that the activities of frontier workers take place to a greater extent around the home. The qualitative analysis points to a particularly difficult lifestyle with tensions between family and professional lives. The time-distance involved can be supported if it is associated with other forms of proximity (spatial, social or family-related). Faced with such a lifestyle, differentiated strategies of adaptation are implemented by house- holds, based on temporal, economic and social resources in association with the neighbouring environment. In these spatially determined metropolitan life patterns, the associations between social proximity and work distances create a system. Borders remain a major organisational element in daily patterns of life due to the importance of the distance between places of work and residence and the persistence of complex perceptions of neighbouring country
Simon, Gwendal. "Pratiques touristiques dans la métropole parisienne : une analyse des mouvements intra-urbains." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601277.
Full textToader, Alina. "Diversité d’itinéraires professionnels : influences de l’immigration en France et spécificités de genre." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100187.
Full textThe focus of this doctoral thesis is the study of pathways leading to different levels of participation in the French labour market amongst various immigrant groups and the general population resident in France. Data from several surveys are used to this end: Histoire de vie – Construction des identités [Life histories and identity construction] (INSEE, 2003), Mobilité géographique et insertion sociale [Geographical mobility and social integration] (INED, INSEE, 1992) et Parcours et profils des migrants [Trajectories and profiles of migrants, survey with one-year follow-up] (DREES, 2 vagues : 2006, 2007). The originality of the approach used is in the comparative perspective, according to migratory status and gender category, throughout the occupational trajectory in France and also the consideration of occupational experience before migration and changes observed at certain key moments of the migration process (on arrival in France, on obtaining a first “lasting” residence permit and on the acquisition of French nationality, when this occurred). The results obtained firstly reveal the importance of entering the labour market in France on later economic participation of women and men, the level of participation depending in turn on the conditions of migration and subsequent experiences. Although the moment of arrival in France often constitutes a turning point in occupational histories, its influence could to be considered in relative terms, notably in comparison with other life history events experienced by women (in particular, family-related event). The gender dimension is shown to be crucial in understanding the processes under study
Naudet, Jules. "Analyse comparée de l'expérience de la mobilité sociale ascendante intergénérationnelle aux États-Unis, en France et en Inde." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0043.
Full textThis dissertation proposes a comparative analysis of the experience of upward social mobility in the United States, in India and in France is based on approximately 150 interviews conducted among people from modest backgrounds who achieved prestigious positions in the higher ranks of civil service, in the private sector and in academia. These three countries ar often cited as paradigmatic cases by sociologists who try to theorize the links between social mobility and social stratification systems. The United-States are thus typically perceived as the archetype of an open society characterized by few obstacles to mobility and by social statuses considered as achieved. Conversely, India is frequently described as the archetype of a closed society marked by the weight of the caste system and by social statuses considered as ascribed. Between the model of a closed society and that of an open society, French society seems to be more structured by the notion of social classes that continues to shape the analysis of its system of stratification. These three models are deeply rooted in sociological thought and they influence the way these three countries are apprehended. The first thread of this dissertation questions these categories of international comparison by drawing on the research conducted in these three countries using the same protocol of investigation. The second thread of this dissertation consists in a discussion of the conceptual tools that are most often used by sociologists to understand the experience of upward social mobility
Boulet, Xavier. "Articulation d’échelles en simulation de mobilité." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2021.
Full textMobility surveys and studies generally concern large geographical areas and consider extensive and multimodal transport networks. In addition, very local mobility issues, on a neighborhood scale, require special modeling and allow realistic simulation of travel and supervision on a smaller scale. Other mobility contexts call for different scales of representation of space, time, and modeled entities. This question of simulation scales is crucial in transport studies in order to best adapt the used models to the addressed problems. Some studies require multi-scale simulations in order to obtain the combined advantages of the different scales and to change the observation point of view according to the simulated area. Thus, several ad hoc solutions for specific cases exist in the literature. This thesis proposes a model and a generic tool that can be used for many cases of multi-scale simulations. The proposed solution is a middleware allowing to make two existing simulators of different scales work together with minimal modifications. The middleware coordinates the simulators and allows the execution of a correct and consistent multi-scale simulation. Experiments show that the middleware improves the relevance of the mutual corrections of the simulators and the relative ease of integration with existing simulators. When advanced scheduling of simulators is required, coordination of simulators comes at the cost of higher execution time, linked to the mutual waiting of simulations and the re-execution of certain time steps
Caillot, Mélanie. "Analyse démographique de l'élargissement de l'accès à l'enseignement supérieur." Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40029.
Full textThe rise ine the level of diploma of the French population is one of the major changes occured during the 20th century. The main goal of this Ph-D dissertation is to use the tools at the disposal of the demographer to take a measure of such phenomenon. This work is decomposed in four key moments of the higher education. Firstly, one is interested in the "French baccalaureat", the first diploma of higher education, by establishing the evolution of the number of graduates in the generations while determining the characteristics of these new graduates, in regard to the continuation of higher learning. This analysis is focused on the entry in higher education and its territorialconsequences related to the migrations made necessary by the unequal distribution of the offer of formation on the metropolitan territory. Lastly, this work is completed with the issue of the exit of the higher education with the problem of devalue of the diplomas. Increased competition between the graduates leads them to adopt strategies like mobility, in particular towards the french Capital Paris, conferring an unquestionable advantage to occupy middle manager position. The whole of the analyses, which require at the same time historical and geographical treatments, relies mainly on the historical file of the households made up with the general censures of population from 1968 to 1999 (SAPHIR) while having recourse to specific survey on formation and professional qualification
Lhoussaine, Cédric. "Réceptivité, mobilité et π-Calcul." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11046.
Full textBerrada, Jaâfar. "Analyse et optimisation technico-économiques des nouveaux services de mobilité basés sur l'usage des véhicules autonomes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1002.
Full textAutonomous Vehicles (AV) are becoming more of a reality, promising beneficial yet potentially disrupting changes to our urban transportation systems. This technology presents the potential to reduce energy consumption and crash occurrences, cut travel costs and minimize urban space occupancy for parking purposes. Yet barriers to implementation and mass-market penetration remain. Economically, the upfront costs in the initial stage will likely lack affordability. Socially, users could be reluctant to change their daily travel routines. Technically, the interactions with the other components of the transportation system remain uncertain. There are other challenges regarding liability, security, ethics and data privacy, too.This thesis contributes to the ex-ante study of AV-based mobility systems through the identification, design and assessment of upcoming Business Models (BM) articulated around AVs. In particular, it brings about a systemic analysis of “new” mobility services (especially car-sharing, carpooling and ride-sourcing services) in order to identify autonomous taxis (aTaxis) and autonomous shuttles (aTransit) as two of the most relevant forms of services that may enjoy wide spreading. Then, we focus on a service of aTaxis and we put forward a microeconomic model framework to evaluate strategic setups of aTaxis provider. The model framework comprises three levels (operational, tactical and strategic), and integrates three pressure forces (regulation, unit costs and demand preferences). An application is then conducted on a stylized area (Orbicity) and a real urban case (Palaiseau, a city in Paris area).Simulation results show that automation has the potential to improve both the mobility performances and the economic efficiency of the urban transportation system. Additionally, the density economies of supply and demand are evaluated by controlling both the fleet size and the number of users for a fixed study area. In particular, the framework application on Palaiseau proved that increasing by ten the fleet size of aTaxis involves 1% more users (+15 passengers) yet 50% less of profit. A stated-preference survey supports the model framework and suggests that aTaxis will likely be used for short-distance (2 to 5 km) commuting trips by two user profiles: (1) non-motorized young users (less than 30 years old) and (2) motorized active population between 30 and 50 years old.The thesis takes an interdisciplinary approach combining (1) a qualitative analysis that starts from a review of existing works and adds first a marketing analysis of Business Models based on AVs and second a systemic analysis of an aTaxis service, and (2) a quantitative analysis, situated midway between microeconomics and spatial simulation
Nagot, Florence. "Analyse microéconomique de la périurbanisation : un modèle de localisation résidentielle." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOE010.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to analyse the microeconomic facotrs behind counterurbanisation, which is defined as migration by working people who elect to reside in ruralareas while employed in urban ones. This implies analysing the resedential choices of the working population. We refer to analyses of choice of occupational tenure in the context of life cycle theory, to hedonic theories of the housing market and to analyses of residential mobility. But primarily, commuters' residential location choices can be analysed through residential location models belonging to new urban economics. Supplementary hypotheses can be added to the basic assumptions of such models. A framework for analysis of counterurbanization can be constructed, assuming the existence of spatial differentiation in housing supply, of transport time and of locational attributes. As a focal point of this analytic framework, a simultaneous equations model is constructed to estimate the weight of the various factors involved in counterurbanization. The complete analytic framework is used to analyse the empirical observations contained in a jousing survey (insee enquete logement 1988). It is shown, at the scale of "periurbanized" areas that the size of the center influences land prices. Household location's distance is apparently influenced by the level of income : a higher income induces, for low income levels, movement away from the center, while it induces, for higher income levels, after saturation of the household's housing demand, a move towards the center; locational choice also appears to be the result of differentiated demands for land adjoining the housing and for collective amenities
Simonnet, Véronique. "Déterminants et rentabilité de la mobilité sur le marché du travail : analyse théorique et empirique (Allemagne, Etat-Unis, France)." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010088.
Full textOur thesis focuses on the decision to dissolve a job match and its consequences. First, a theoretical and econometric model of the worker decision to leave his job is developed and estimated on german panel data (german socio-economic panel, 19841994). In this model, the worker mobility desire depends on his expressed job satisfaction and his past and present pecuniary and non-pecuniary job attributes. The worker's mobility desire is then estimated as the residual of a job satisfaction equation and used to predict his quit decision. The empirical evidence of the relationship between quit and job mobility desire allows to confirm job satisfaction model and the standard microeconomic mobility decision interpretation. Second, job mobility effects on wages have first been estimated on french retrospective data (enquete carriere, insee, 1989). Next, an original measure of job mobility effects on wages is proposed and estimated on german and american panel data (german socio-economic panel and national longitudinal survey of youth 1984-1993). We compare the quality of successive job matches. We retain a wage model in which error term is decomposed in three components : a fixed individual specific error term, a fixed job match specific error term and a random effect. Second, the quality of the job match is given by the estimated fixed job match specific error term. If the quality of the new job match or if the average quality of the new and the following job matches are better than the quality of the previous job, mobility enables the worker's transition to better jobs, then, job mobility effects on wages are positive
Joumaa, Chibli. "Analyse de données évolutives par caractérisation spatio-temporelle et modélisation stochastique de la mobilité." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00607504.
Full textChevalier, Mathieu. "Vieillisement hygrothermique d'assemblages structuraux polyepoxy : analyse de la mobilité moléculaire par spectroscopie diélectrique dynamique." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1192/.
Full textDuring spacecraft integration - in clean room - materials are used under humid and thermal controlled conditions. The characterisation and the simulation of ageing phenomena in bonding assemblies are a challenge to improve their conception and their durability. One alternative is to use accelerated testing but the link between accelerated testing and true ageing is unknown. The aim of this study was to shed some light on this correlation. This study concerned a room temperature curing epoxy-amine adhesive used in aluminium assemblies. We focused on ground ageing (also called humid ageing). The experimental protocol consisted in taking samples at different ageing times in satellite integration room. The results were compared with those obtained after 7 days of accelerated testing with different hydrothermal conditions. Dielectrical, thermal and mechanical experiments were carried out. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy gave information about molecular mobility in wide temperature and frequency range. Relaxation times and activation energy associated with molecular mobility were studied. Physicochemical processes that occur into the adhesive like the glassy transition temperature Tg were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Mechanical test was single lap shear test. The results obtained were related to the macroscopic behaviour of assemblies as a function of accelerated testing conditions or real-time ageing. Correlation of experiments data obtained for different ageing conditions - real-time ageing, accelerated testing ageing – allowed us to understand the evolution of the studied adhesive at different scale i. E. An interpretation at a molecular level was proposed
Ndiaye, Ibrahima. "Planification urbaine, localisation résidentielle et comportements de mobilité à Dakar, Sénégal." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1181.
Full textThe study of mobility behavior has not been well investigated in Sub-Saharan cities. These cities are characterized by rapid urban growth resulting in sprawl space, very high population densities and a crisis in transport sector which is dominated by craft operators. These dynamics, which are at the origin of spatial imbalances mean that access to urban amenities becomes very difficult for the poorest categories of the population. In Dakar, segregationist territorial management options taken in the past by colonial authorities, the ineffectiveness of traditional instruments of urban planning as well as disregulation of land market and real estate, have created a dynamic socio-spatial differentiation. This research project, by using multivariate analysis methods (Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis) is based on original household travel surveys. Our objective is to analyze the dynamics of socio-spatial segregation in Dakar and illuminate the links between residential location and household mobility behavior in a changeable urban context
Kherroubi, Martine. "Les instituteurs mobilisés professionnellement : une analyse sociologique." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H072.
Full textOppenchaim, Nicolas. "Mobilité quotidienne, socialisation et ségrégation : une analyse à partir des manières d'habiter des adolescents de Zones Urbaines Sensibles." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00715300.
Full textHaik, Grégory. "Introduction de mobilité dans les applications de conception industrielle." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066142.
Full textAlmeida, Matos Anna Gualdina. "Typage du flux d'information sur déclassification et mobilité." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1341.
Full textWe adress the issue of confidentiality and declassification in a language-based security approach. We study in particular the use of refined type and effect systems for staticallsy enforcing flexibale information flow policies over imperative higher – order languages with concurrrency. A general methodology for defining and proving the soundness of the type and effect system with respect to such properties is presented. We consider two main topics :- the long standing issue of finding a flexible information control mechanism that enables declassification. Our declassification mechanism takes the form of a local flow policy declaration that implements a local information flow policy- the largely unexplored topic of controlling information flow in a global computing setting, our network model, which naturally generalizeq the local setting, includes a notion of a domain and a standard migration primitive for code and resources. New forms of security leaks that are introduced by code mobility are revealed. In both the above settings, to take into account dynamic flow policies we introduce generalizatios of non-interference respectively named the « non disclosure « and » non disclosure for networks » for policies. Their implementation is supported by a concrete presentation of the security lattice where confidentiality levels are sets of principals , similar to acces control lists
Sellem, Faouzi. "Statut résidentiel, mobilité et marché du travail : analyses empiriques et théoriques." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00753388.
Full textTabaka, Kamila. "Vers une nouvelle socio-géographie de la mobilité quotidienne : étude des mobilités quotidiennes des habitants de la région urbaine de Grenoble." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00420343.
Full textMenin, Aline. "eSTIMe : un environnement de visualisation pour l'analyse multi-points de vue des mobilités quotidiennes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALS010.
Full textThe research field of urban mobility aims at the observation and design of human trips within an urban environment, which information supports decision-making and problem solving within public policies. In this context, there are many experts -- not necessarily transportation specialists -- that need to handle more or less standardized urban data to extract synthetic and easily exploitable knowledge. Hence, public transportation agencies commonly conduct trip-based surveys to collect information about day-to-day travel of the population within a particular territory (i.e. where and when we travel), resulting in large and complex datasets which analysis requires crossing spatial, temporal, thematic and socioeconomic dimensions to enable discoveries of daily urban mobility patterns. This way, information visualization is a suitable approach to support the analysis of urban mobility data, since analysts do not have to learn sophisticated methods to interpret the data visualizations that come to reinforce their cognition and enable the discovery of unstructured insights within the data.Thereby, we propose a visualization framework to assist the analysis of urban mobility through indicators describing complementary objects of interest within the data that allow to address three categories of questions underlying the urban mobility phenomenon. A first question seeks to understand the daily traveling routine of a population and the resulting processes of exchange between places, which can be studied through the exploration of amounts, modalities, direction, and variation of travel flows and trips according to different socioeconomic aspects of individuals and land types. A second questioning concerns the temporal variation of population presence throughout a territory, which allows to understand the use of distinct locations by taking into account the socioeconomic characteristics of the people visiting it and the activities they carry out there. The third question seeks to explain the individuals' need of traveling by studying the temporal ordering of trips and activities of individuals (i.e. daily trajectories) within the spatial context of the territory.Our framework supports the derivation and visual exploration of indicators describing the territory, travel flows and trips, and daily trajectories, over multiple spatio-temporal resolutions and thematic attributes. Our visualization interface allows to disperse visual representations over multiple analytical displays, enabling users to customize the spatial arrangement of visualizations and indicators in meaningful ways according to the ongoing analysis. Furthermore, we propose a movement-based interaction based on the tilting of a tablet that allows to explore the temporal variation of indicators leveraging tactile and tangible input. The conception of our visualization approach followed an interactive evaluation process that consists of successive user-based evaluations aiming to refine a prototype in order to achieve user performance and satisfaction
Le, Feon Samuel. "Evaluation environnementale des besoins de mobilité des grandes aires urbaines en France - Approche par Analyse de Cycle de Vie." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMSE0729/document.
Full textTransportation of goods and people is known as a key environmental impact contributor in a city. However, traditional impact assessment methodologies don’t consider environmental issues all over the life cycle. The cause of a trip is also rarely taken into account in an environmental assessment. This thesis aims at proposing a new impact assessment methodology that considers the influence of indirect emissions (using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology) and causes of trips on the environmental footprint. Two main hypotheses are settled at the beginning: the environmental impacts of mobility do not only occur during the use phase (the trip by itself) but all over its life cycle. Also the trip purposes may change the choice of way to travel and consequently affect environmental impacts. The global Functional Unit (FU) is “transport people and good in a French urban area during a year” and is divided in intermediate FU referring to each trip purposes, such as “allow commuter trips in a French urban area during a year”. The methodology was developed, tested and validated through a real case: the agglomeration of Saint-Etienne (France). During this phase, mobility territorial actors were met and real data provided that allows facing methodology to possible field limitations. This application case shows first results. First, it confirms importance to consider impacts all over the life cycle (17% of GHG emissions occur out of the use phase). Second, it shows significant differences of emissions by person.kilometer between trip purposes categories. Then a typology of urban area was proposed based on literature about travel determinants. Principal Component Analysis used on French big urban areas (more than 250 000 inhabitants) identified 5 classes. The methodology was applied to three of them (Bordeaux, Toulon and Valenciennes) using data from a standardized survey on households and mobility in order to compare them. It shows disparities on global results partly due to total annual travel distances. The trip purposes differentiation also shows important differences between urban areas. For each cause trip category and emission reduction potentials were calculated for each urban area by extrapolating differences for a pkm to the total annual distance for the trip. This can provide helpful information to deciders. Finally, the need to provide a multicriteria evaluation that is provided by LCA was committed. However methodological improvement would be necessary to better reflect local and regional impacts in LCA
Costantini, Hervé. "La mobilité sociale : Modèles et traces." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770978.
Full textToulouze, Mathias. "Analyse de la dynamique des chromosomes chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC149.
Full textThe difficulty and the need to study the dynamic organization of the genome have pushed in recent years, experimenters and theorists to collaborate in the development of theoretical models of chromosomal architecture. Our work is a part of this effort. In collaboration with David Holcman and Assaf Amitaï (ENS Paris), we developped a new method of data analysis for the study of chromosomal sites tagged with fluorescent proteins. This new method allows us to extract from miscroscopy analysis a parameter named Kc characterizing constraints that restrict the mobility of the chromosomal locus. This new analysis was used to compare the mobility of different sites in the genome in order to understand how organization of the nucleus impacts chromatin mobility with the final aim of understanding the impact of this mobility on the regulation of DNA repair mechanisms. It was already proven recently (K. Bloom, 2013) that mobility of chromosomes is constrained by their anchoring to SPB by their centromeres, but little was known about the impact of telomeric sequences to nuclear membrane on chromosome mobility. Contrary to what is commonly accepted, our results showed that telomeres are not strongly anchored to the nuclear membrane. Within a cell population, it exists a high variability in telomere mobility, indeed most of the cells the telomeric interaction with the nuclear membrane is indeed strong enough to change the location of sub-telomeric loci but too weak to impact its mobility. Our results also showed that sub-telomeric loci have a higher mobility than loci located in the middle of the same chromosome arm. In mutant cells the loss of chromosom integrity upon the induction of a double-strand break leads to the apparition chromatin free extremities. Similarly to sub-telomerics loci, DSBs free extremities exhibit a higher mobility than DSBs in chromosome with a preserved integrity. In summary our study has shown that free ends of a chromatin fiber have a higher mobility than other monomers in the chain. This higher mobility is due to the higher level of freedom that chromatin extremities have. When DNA double strand break (DSB) is generated, the chromosome ends should become physically totally dissociated from one to another, making ensuing repair difficult. To overcome this dramatic event, the DNA damage response (DDR) takes in charge the implementation of a protein bridge that holds the two chromosome ends together and so preserve its integrity. In S. cerevisiae the MRX complex was already known for playing critical functions in early DSB extremities tethering. Several studies showed that a single DSB induces the formation of a ≈100 kb cohesin domain around the lesion. Our study suggests the late role played by cohesins in the emergence of an intra-chromosomal cohesive structure capable to maintain chromosomal integrity. The way of DSB extremities cohesion is established, is consistent with what is published on the recruitment of cohesins at DSBs. Our study also highlight the dynamical behavior of DSB extremities at the cell scale. Indeed once DSB extremities are separated, they alternate during several hours between a tethered and a separated state. We also analysed the impact of cohesins recruitment at DSBs at the chromosome scale. Our results establish a positive correlation between the level of cohesins loaded on the chromosome and the level of folding of the chromatin fiber. The analysis of the chronology of events leading to the preservation of chromosomal integrity upon DSB suggests that chromatin has an intrinsic property (not related to DNA damage response) preserving its integrity despite the apparition of DSBs. This property could potentially be due to short-range inter-nucleosomal interactions or to the presence of secondary structures formed by cohesines in the interphase genome. All these hypothesis should be further tested experimentally
Dadi, Hala. "Analyse par spectrométrie de masse des tubulines et de l'hormone de croissance." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS582.
Full textThe tubulins are proteins involved in cellular processes that are essential for cell life. The tubulins are polymodified at their C-terminal extremities. Different techniques have been used to characterize the polymodifications of tubulins. However, some challenges remain in the fine identification of some structures. In fact, mass spectrometry ion mobility can separate ions of the same m/z ratio depending on their conformations. In the first part of this thesis, an ion mobility mass spectrometry analysis allowed the separation of two synthetic peptides that mimic the structure of C-terminal peptides of biglycylated α-tubulins. In order to extrapolate this type of experiment to the C-terminal peptides purified from biological tubulins, we employed an analytical process to analyze these peptides from purified brain tubulins. Growth hormone (GH) is an anabolic hormone and a doping agent used by athletes. The availability of rhGH in the black-market has continuously increased because of doping in sports. The natural and the biosynthetic hGH have identical peptidic sequences. So far, the valid hGH anti-doping tests by the world antidoping agency are based on immunological recognition. However, Immunoassays have their own limitations. Therefore, the next generation analysis of GH has to be more specific and accurate. In the second part of this thesis, mass spectrometry coupled to reversed phase chromatography was used to find chemical differences between the pituitary hGH and the rhGH. The pituitary extracted hGH is glycosylated whereas the biotech product is sugar free. The present work represents an opening towards a novel methodology for a novel hGH anti-doping test
Dantras, Eric. "Analyse de la mobilité moléculaire dans les dendrimères phosphorés par les spectroscopies diélectriques dynamique et thermostimulée." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30100.
Full textAli, Anissa. "Représentation et analyse algébriques de système de solides sur-contraints en boucle fermée." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC062.
Full textAn assembly can be partitioned into three mobility states: the impossible state, the rigid state and the mobile state. The study focuses in over-constrained closed-loop assemblies. During the process of design or re-design, the dimensions of the assembly can vary and this can lead to the loss of its mobility state.The method presented in this thesis aims at helping the designer to resize an assembly. There exist relationships between the dimension of the assembly that ensure the closure and the mobility of over-constrained. These relationships called assembly equations and mobility conditions are hence necessary to resize an over-constrained solid assembly. Assembly equations and mobility conditions are computed by a computer algebra tool: Gröbner bases. However, the algebraic solving using Gröbner bases can be costly and may fail because of unreasonable computing time, this is the main reason of the strategies described in this thesis.The approach proposed in this thesis is composed of two main steps. First of all, an algebraic representation of a closed assembly and a mobile assembly is descibed. The closed-loop equations are written by using a coordinate free method and the mobility equations are generated from the closed-loop equations using direct and incremental methods. To simplify the computation of assembly equations and mobility conditions an algebraic analysis that rely on numerical analysis tools is proposed. Starting from a set of values of the parameters that describe the assembly to resize, the mobility state of the assembly is determined. Then, if the designer want to change the mobility state, a new set of values that have the mobility state chosen by the designer is generated. Once the initial set of values has the right mobility state, some dimensions are specialized to ease the computation of assembly equations and mobility conditions. However, if the parameters chosen are linked or its number is to high, there is a high chance that the study lead to no solution. Strategies to avoid these problems are also proposed. Finally, the tools developped in Maple® software that illustrate the methods proposed are described and an interactive tool that permits the designer to visualize the solutions of the closed-loop equations, assembly equations and mobility conditions computed after specialisation is proposed
Dargirolle, Rébecca. "Les exclus de la mobilité : de l'observation à la décision." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOL040/document.
Full textIn contemporary societies, mobility is considered as a social norm necessary for integration. Conversely, immobility is often seen as the opposite. Therefore, it is associated with a significant risk of exclusion. An approach in terms of exclusion involves a sociological orientation. Nevertheless, this thesis follows a geographical approach. Thus, a first question emerges from this disciplinary position: immobility is it a geographical object? Furthermore, it is possible to consider the mobility and immobility as equivalent and not opposed. This means that their impact may not be reversed. This position engages a second question: the relationship between immobility and exclusion is it legitimate? To answer these two questions, a set of standardized tools can be used: the National Transport Surveys (ENT), Household Travel Surveys (EMD), continuous panels or surveys over several weeks. All these devices are focused on mobility. That’s why immobility is apprehended by default. However, they are essentials but should be completed. For this, an ad-hoc questionnaire focusing on immobility and local resources was set up in urban areas of Dijon and Besancon. The data processing of this tool identifies the socio-spatial determinants of immobility
Ben, Cheikh Ahlam. "Gestion de la mobilité dans les réseaux femtocells." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066656.
Full textFemtocell network are deployed in the macrocell’s coverage to provide extended services with better performances. Femtocells have a short-range and low power transmissions.Each FAP supports a few number of connected users.Owing to these inherent features, one of the most challenging issues for the femtocellular network deployment remains the mobility management.In this thesis, we propose new handovers algorithms adapted to the characteristics of femtocells network.As a first part,we consider the direction of mobile user as a key parameter for the handover decision.To do so,we propose a new handover algorithm called OHMF. Its main purpose is the optimization of the list of FAPs candidates based on signal quality as well as the mobile direction to better choose the FAP target.After that, we propose an algorithm called OHDP based on the direction prediction using the linear regression.The idea behind this is to predict the future position of mobile based on its current and previous position. As a second part, we focus on mobility prediction problem to make an efficient handover decision.We propose a novel handoff decision algorithm called OHMP that uses HMM as a predictor to accurately estimate the next FAP that a mobile UE would visit,given its current and historical movement information.In order to adapt our solution to the characteristics of femtocells network,we propose a handover algorithm called OHMP-CAC based on HMM tool as a predictor, a proposed CAC and the availability of resources of the predicted FAP,SINR and the traffic type.In order to assess the efficiency of our proposals,all underlying algorithms are evaluated through simulations and real mobility traces
Labossière, Wilsonn. "Analyse des effets d'appartenance ethnique sur l'usage et la représentation pour les services de télécommunication à l'international en France et ses implications marketing." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0011.
Full textEthnic mobile telephony is a business that facilitates communication and strengthens interpersonal ties between members of a family or a community with dispersed geography. In spite of its importance to people in geographic mobility, there are few studies on utilization
Nivole, Franck. "Réception de la DVB-T en mobilité : analyse du canal en diversité d'antennes et traitements numériques associés." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S130.
Full textSince the advent of the first French digital television broadcasts in 2005, the question of mobility reception has been often asked. Beyond the normative choices that tend to prefer the DVB-H standard to current DVB-T standards, the question of the uses and video quality remains a key issue. All the work already undertaken to make digital television mobile does not currently provide sufficient comfort for embedded upscale applications such as those desired in car, train, etc. . . To improve the Quality Of Service (QoS), a technique used is the diversity reception. In DVB-T, as applications and current studies do not provide information on propagation phenomena the choices of diversity algorithms, which are made in this context, are arbitrary. The CAVITY project proposes, with an analysis of the propagation channel, to develop and test different algorithms. This thesis is declines in three parts: The first part is to achieve a multi-antenna system able to achieve a temporal and spatial channel sounding in mobility conditions, through the reception of DVB-T broadcast signals. The second part is to achieve measurements to characterize the propagation channel phenomena in order to find a data diversity processing strategy. Finally, the third part is to propose new algorithms and parameters to improve reception mobility of DVB-T signal. The aim of this thesis is to improve visibility of propagation phenomena in DVB-T channel and regarding this knowledge to propose an adapted strategy for the reception of digital television in mobile conditions. By extension, this thesis may also enable to the television actors such as the DAB, T-DMB, ATSC to make the same choices to improve mobility reception of such digital systems that use the same basic modulation principle
Tebani, Abdellah. "Analyse métabolomique multidimensionnelle : applications aux erreurs innées du métabolisme." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR043/document.
Full textThe new field of precision medicine is revolutionizing current medical practice and reshaping future medicine. Precision medicine intends to put the patient as the central driver of healthcare by broadening biological knowledge and acknowledging the great diversity of individuals. The prediction of physiological and pathological states in patients requires a dynamic and systemic understanding of these interactions. Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are genetic disorders resulting from defects in a given biochemical pathway due to the deficiency of an enzyme, its cofactor or a transporter. IEM are no longer considered to be monogenic diseases, which adds another layer of complexity to their characterization and diagnosis. To meet this need for faster screening, the metabolic profile can be a promising candidate given its ability in disease screening, biomarker discovery and metabolic pathway investigation. In this thesis, we used a metabolomic approach which is particularly relevant for IEM given their basic pathophysiology that is tightly related to metabolism. This thesis allowed the implementation of an untargeted metabolomic methodology based on a multidimensional analytical strategy including high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and ion mobility. This work also set a methodology for preprocessing, analysis and interpretation of the generated data using experimental design and multivariate data analysis. Finally, the strategy is applied to the exploration of IEM with mucopolysaccharidoses as a proof of concept. The results suggest a major remodeling of the amino acid metabolisms in mucopolysaccharidosis type I. In summary, metabolomic is a relevant complementary tool to support the genomic approach in the functional investigations and diagnosis of IEM
El, amine Samar. "Agent-based modeling of the social and economic factors affecting the choice of transportation mode : application to the Beirut city." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA035/document.
Full textIn urban and peri-urban environments, transport and mobility are strongly linked to socio-economic activities. They are influenced by individual's personal psychology, social norms, resistance to change, personal attitude, habits, fears and beliefs. Beirut is a mono-centric city with transport supply poverty. Vehicle ownership has increased rapidly in response to the shortage of public transportation. Currently, there is an opportunity to develop mobility management services and establish sustainable mobility and accessibility in Beirut. This requires that transport modes be affordable, efficient and environmentally friendly, as well as technologies that minimize the energy consumption by focusing on three main points: reducing travel needs, adopting more environmentally friendly modes of transportation, and improving the efficiency of vehicle technology. This thesis focuses on the modeling of displacement behavior, based on agent-oriented modeling. We analyzed the data obtained from a survey we conducted for Beirut. We established a relation between employment, social status and mode of transportation selection. The subject of the thesis is an agent-oriented simulation model of road traffic using an institutional economic approach. We propose an architecture, algorithms and methods to implement the agents model in order to model and reproduce their modes of transport behavior. Associated scientific questions are the effects of economic, social, career and household factors on choosing a mode of transport. This work is part of a project of the company S&A (Belgium and Lebanon) to provide tools to enable the transition of means of transport to a more respectful practice
Tonnelier, Emeric. "Apprentissage de représentations pour les traces de mobilité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS389.
Full textUrban transport is a crucial issue for territories management. In large cities, many inhabitants have to rely on urban public transport to move around, go to work, visit friends. Historically, urban transportation analysis is based on surveys. Questions are ask to a panel of users, leading to the introduction of various bias and no dynamic informations. Since the late 1990s, we see the emergence of new types of data (GPS, smart cards log, etc.) that describe the mobility and of individuals in the city. Available in large quantities, sampled precisely, but containing few semantics and a lot of noise, they allow a monitoring of the individuals's mobility in the medium term. During this thesis, we propose to work on the modeling of users and the network on the one hand, and the detection of anomalies on the other hand. We will do so using data collected automatically in a context of urban transport networks and using machine learning methods. Moreover, we will focus on the design of methods suited to deal with the particularities of mobility data. We will see that the user-oriented modeling of a transport network allows to obtain fine and robust profiles that can be aggregated efficiently in order to obtain a more precise and more descriptive valuation of the network than a network-oriented modeling. Then, we will explain that the use of these profiles makes it possible to handle complex tasks such as anomaly detection or partitioning of network stations. Finally we will show that the contextualization of the models (spatial context, temporal, shared behaviors) improves the quantitative and qualitative performances
Francois, Cyrille. "Évaluation environnementale stratégique de la mobilité quotidienne des personnes d’une aire urbaine : couplage entre Modèle Transport-Urbanisme et Analyse de Cycle de Vie." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSET002/document.
Full textBy considering social, spatial and technological dimensions of people’s daily mobility, this thesis aims to develop an original environmental assessment method. In the recent years, passenger travel, as well as freight transportation, have grown significantly. Car is now the predominant mode of passenger transport and its impacts on environment, land-use planning, lifestyle and economy are well documented and at the centre of heated academic and political debates. The environmental assessment of peoples’ daily mobility requires an integrated approach to account for the transport system, but also the urban system in which it operates. In order to achieve this, this thesis introduces a method coupling two tools developed in two distinct scientific fields - land-use planning and environmental sciences: on the one hand, Land-Use and Transport Interaction models (LUTI) and, on the other hand, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods. Together, these tools can account for both technological processes involved in daily mobility, as well as interactions among stakeholders and territories. Throughout this thesis, the chosen evaluation framework is a strategic one, meaning that mobility is assessed through global and local environmental indicators on a large territory for medium and long-term alternatives. We describe the global context and the general approach in the first section of the thesis. The second part describes the SIMBAD-LCA method, which involves the integration of the LUTI model SIMBAD with a LCA method, in order to assess environmental impacts of the daily mobility of inhabitants in the Lyon urban area. The third part aims to illustrate the evaluation capability of the method in two steps. First, through a multicriteria assessment executed on disaggregated objects such as households and territories. Then, contrasted scenarios are built to assess broad and diversified alternatives. Finally, using the SIMBAD-LCA method, effects of technological, urban form and socio-economic parameters on environmental impacts associated with daily mobility are compared and discussed
Sultan, Alexis. "Méthodes et outils d'analyse de données de signalisation mobile pour l'étude de la mobilité humaine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0018.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study human activities through the analysis of the signaling flow in cellular data network (GTP). In order to achieve this goal, we implemented a set of tools allowing us to collect, store and analyze this signaling data. We created an architecture independent at most of hardware manufacturers and network operators. Using data extracted by this platform we made three main contributions. In our first contribution, we present the GTP capture and analysis platform in a mobile operator network. This work intends to list the different elements triggering updates and to estimate the temporal and spatial accuracy of the data collected. Next, we present a set of measures that represent the main characteristics of human mobility observed through the mobile signaling data (the inter-arrival time of update messages, the observed distances of hops from cell to cell made by moving users). Finally, we present the analysis of the compromise that was made between the writing/reading performances and the ease of use of the file format for the data storage. In our second contribution, we propose CT-Mapper, an unsupervised algorithm that enables the mapping of mobile phone traces over a multimodal transport network. One of the main strengths of CT-Mapper is its capability to map noisy sparse cellular multimodal trajectories over a multilayer transportation network where the layers have different physical properties and not only to map trajectories associated with a single layer. Such a network is modeled by a large multilayer graph in which the nodes correspond to metro/train stations or road intersections and edges correspond to connections between them. The mapping problem is modeled by an unsupervised HMM where the observations correspond to sparse user mobile trajectories and the hidden states to the multilayer graph nodes. The HMM is unsupervised as the transition and emission probabilities are inferred using respectively the physical transportation properties and the information on the spatial coverage of antenna base stations. Finally, in our last contribution we propose a method for cellular resource planning taking into account user mobility. Since users move, the bandwidth resource should move accordingly. We design a score based method using TV Whitespace, and user experience, to determine from which cell resource should be removed and to which one it should be added. Combined with traffic history it calculates scores for each cell. Bandwidth is reallocated on a half-day basis. Before that, real traces of cellular networks in urban districts are presented which confirm that static network planning is no longer optimal. A dynamic femtocell architecture is then presented. It is based on mesh interconnected elements and designed to serve the score based bandwidth allocation algorithm. The score method along with the architecture are simulated and results are presented. They confirm the expected improvement in bandwidth and delay per user while maintaining a low operation cost at the operator side. In conclusion, this thesis provides an overview of the potential of analyzing the signaling metadata of a network in a broader context that supervision of an operator network
Sultan, Alexis. "Méthodes et outils d'analyse de données de signalisation mobile pour l'étude de la mobilité humaine." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0018/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study human activities through the analysis of the signaling flow in cellular data network (GTP). In order to achieve this goal, we implemented a set of tools allowing us to collect, store and analyze this signaling data. We created an architecture independent at most of hardware manufacturers and network operators. Using data extracted by this platform we made three main contributions. In our first contribution, we present the GTP capture and analysis platform in a mobile operator network. This work intends to list the different elements triggering updates and to estimate the temporal and spatial accuracy of the data collected. Next, we present a set of measures that represent the main characteristics of human mobility observed through the mobile signaling data (the inter-arrival time of update messages, the observed distances of hops from cell to cell made by moving users). Finally, we present the analysis of the compromise that was made between the writing/reading performances and the ease of use of the file format for the data storage. In our second contribution, we propose CT-Mapper, an unsupervised algorithm that enables the mapping of mobile phone traces over a multimodal transport network. One of the main strengths of CT-Mapper is its capability to map noisy sparse cellular multimodal trajectories over a multilayer transportation network where the layers have different physical properties and not only to map trajectories associated with a single layer. Such a network is modeled by a large multilayer graph in which the nodes correspond to metro/train stations or road intersections and edges correspond to connections between them. The mapping problem is modeled by an unsupervised HMM where the observations correspond to sparse user mobile trajectories and the hidden states to the multilayer graph nodes. The HMM is unsupervised as the transition and emission probabilities are inferred using respectively the physical transportation properties and the information on the spatial coverage of antenna base stations. Finally, in our last contribution we propose a method for cellular resource planning taking into account user mobility. Since users move, the bandwidth resource should move accordingly. We design a score based method using TV Whitespace, and user experience, to determine from which cell resource should be removed and to which one it should be added. Combined with traffic history it calculates scores for each cell. Bandwidth is reallocated on a half-day basis. Before that, real traces of cellular networks in urban districts are presented which confirm that static network planning is no longer optimal. A dynamic femtocell architecture is then presented. It is based on mesh interconnected elements and designed to serve the score based bandwidth allocation algorithm. The score method along with the architecture are simulated and results are presented. They confirm the expected improvement in bandwidth and delay per user while maintaining a low operation cost at the operator side. In conclusion, this thesis provides an overview of the potential of analyzing the signaling metadata of a network in a broader context that supervision of an operator network
Groleau, Amélie. "Entre reproduction et individualisation sociales : analyse des parcours hésitants ou de mobilité scolaire descendante dans l'enseignement supérieur québécois." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0184.
Full textThis thesis focuses on individuals from well-educated families who have experienced uncertain pathways or downward mobility in Quebec's postsecondary educational system. These individuals, who have interrupted their studies before graduation or who didn't obtain a university diploma, seem to deviate from formal schooling norms or from the established family educational trajectory. Are these situations flaws in the social reproduction system or indications of the increasing individualization of educational pathways? To answer this question, we proposed three avenues of interpretation: 1) the influence of Quebec's socio-educational context on the individualization of school pathways; 2) the transmission of the family cultural heritage and its effects on educational uncertainty and choices; 3) the dynamic influence of academic and non-academic experiences on the interruption of schooling or the abandonment of university aspirations. The analysis of twenty-one retrospective interviews led to the creation of two analytical classifications. The first one describes objectively the morphologies of the pathways and reveals their strong heterogeneity. The second one exposes the action rationale found in the interviewees' life story. While it highlights a certain influence of the family on the pathways, it stresses the fact that academic and non-academic experiences are paramount. Finally, these educational careers can be understood as reflecting the recent educational and social mobility of Quebec's francophone population and an increasing individualization of the educational pathways