Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analyse de la fonction cardiaque'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Analyse de la fonction cardiaque.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Ruiz, Dominguez Cinta. "Analyse automatique des troubles de contraction cardiaque en échocardiographie." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112074.
Many methods are developed to study the automatic evaluation of the left ventricle regional wall motion (normokinesia, hypokinesia, akinesia and dyskinesia), especially in echocardiography. A new parametric imaging method, based on the temporal intensity of pixels and called ‘parametric analysis of the main motion' (pamm) was proposed. This method synthesises the information contained in a sequence of images into two parametric images interpretable by a clinician: a three-color image of amplitude and a mean time contraction image. 602 segments of a database were scored with the interpretation of the pamm images and compared to a consensual visual interpretation of the cine-loop sequences by two experimented readers. Absolute and relative concordances are 64% and 82%. Some segmental indices were estimated from the pamm images. An automatic classification of the segments into two classes (normal and pathological segments) using this indices was performed. The diagnostic performance of the different indices was evaluated using the roc curve theory. Then a four-classes classification was done using the optimal index. Absolute and relative concordances obtained by the four-classes classification on a test database are 56% and 90%. The results could be improved if the localisation and the echogenicity of the segments are taken into account for the indices estimation
Yang, Yingyu. "Analyse automatique de la fonction cardiaque par intelligence artificielle : approche multimodale pour un dispositif d'échocardiographie portable." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ4107.
According to the 2023 annual report of the World Heart Federation, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) accounted for nearly one third of all global deaths in 2021. Compared to high-income countries, more than 80% of CVD deaths occurred in low and middle-income countries. The inequitable distribution of CVD diagnosis and treatment resources still remains unresolved. In the face of this challenge, affordable point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) devices demonstrate significant potential to improve the diagnosis of CVDs. Furthermore, by taking advantage of artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools, POCUS enables non-experts to help, thus largely improving the access to care, especially in less-served regions.The objective of this thesis is to develop robust and automatic algorithms to analyse cardiac function for POCUS devices, with a focus on echocardiography (ECHO) and electrocardiogram (ECG). Our first goal is to obtain explainable cardiac features from each single modality respectively. Our second goal is to explore a multi-modal approach by combining ECHO and ECG data.We start by presenting two novel deep learning (DL) frameworks for echocardiography segmentation and motion estimation tasks, respectively. By incorporating shape prior and motion prior into DL models, we demonstrate through extensive experiments that such prior can help improve the accuracy and generalises well on different unseen datasets. Furthermore, we are able to extract left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal strain (GLS) and other useful indices for myocardial infarction (MI) detection.Next, we propose an explainable DL model for unsupervised electrocardiogram decomposition. This model can extract interpretable information related to different ECG subwaves without manual annotation. We further apply those parameters to a linear classifier for myocardial infarction detection, which showed good generalisation across different datasets.Finally, we combine data from both modalities together for trustworthy multi-modal classification. Our approach employs decision-level fusion with uncertainty, allowing training with unpaired multi-modal data. We further evaluate the trained model using paired multi-modal data, showcasing the potential of multi-modal MI detection to surpass that from a single modality.Overall, our proposed robust and generalisable algorithms for ECHO and ECG analysis demonstrate significant potential for portable cardiac function analysis. We anticipate that our novel framework could be further validated using real-world portable devices. We envision that such advanced integrative tools may significantly contribute towards better identification of CVD patients
Simon, Antoine. "Extraction et caractérisation du mouvement cardiaque en imagerie scanner multibarrette." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00284654.
Soumoy, de Roquefeuil Marion. "Adaptation des paramètres temporels en imagerie par résonance magnétique en fonction des variations physiologiques du rythme cardiaque. Application à la cartograhie T2." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0080.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) requires to adapt the sequence to heart rate, so as to avoid the blur caused by the acquisition time longer than motion time constants. Thus, times between sequence radiofrequency pulses are as much variable as synchronization cardiac cycles durations. It causes imprecision on the resulting image, particularly for quantification. In fact, spins magnetization is not in a steady state during the acquisition. Two main research axis are presented in this thesis; the first one is a study of the impact of heart rate variation (described in the manuscript) on the transversal relaxation time T2 quantitative measurement. The study was lead on both phantom objects and on healthy volunteers. Two correction methods for heart rate variation are proposed, one based on the correction of the signal of the central line of the k-space, the other one based on a generalized reconstruction approach. First results are encouraging, and further works should be lead to confirm the methods efficacity. Then, heart rate variations are treated inside the cardiac cycle, and we propose a method to match the different segments of the electrocardiogram (ECG), based on the ECG deformation in the MR scanner probably due to by magnetohydrodynamic effect. This method is applied on imaging with a CINE kinetic sequence in which a better successive cardiac cycles segments matching should enable to improve image quality, at the condition to have sharp enough spatial and temporal resolutions. Results brought in this thesis are preliminary to necessary future researches in the sequence time domain, largely less addressed than organ motion
Soumoy, de Roquefeuil Marion. "Adaptation des paramètres temporels en imagerie par résonance magnétique en fonction des variations physiologiques du rythme cardiaque. Application à la cartograhie T2." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0080/document.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) requires to adapt the sequence to heart rate, so as to avoid the blur caused by the acquisition time longer than motion time constants. Thus, times between sequence radiofrequency pulses are as much variable as synchronization cardiac cycles durations. It causes imprecision on the resulting image, particularly for quantification. In fact, spins magnetization is not in a steady state during the acquisition. Two main research axis are presented in this thesis; the first one is a study of the impact of heart rate variation (described in the manuscript) on the transversal relaxation time T2 quantitative measurement. The study was lead on both phantom objects and on healthy volunteers. Two correction methods for heart rate variation are proposed, one based on the correction of the signal of the central line of the k-space, the other one based on a generalized reconstruction approach. First results are encouraging, and further works should be lead to confirm the methods efficacity. Then, heart rate variations are treated inside the cardiac cycle, and we propose a method to match the different segments of the electrocardiogram (ECG), based on the ECG deformation in the MR scanner probably due to by magnetohydrodynamic effect. This method is applied on imaging with a CINE kinetic sequence in which a better successive cardiac cycles segments matching should enable to improve image quality, at the condition to have sharp enough spatial and temporal resolutions. Results brought in this thesis are preliminary to necessary future researches in the sequence time domain, largely less addressed than organ motion
Ricquebourg, Emilie. "Etude de la réactivité et de la toxicité des particules de méthoxyphénols : analyse de leur action in vivo chez le rat en atmosphère contrôlée sur la fonction cardiaque et les paramètres du stress oxydant." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4711.
In general, inhalation of particles is at the origin of inflammatory and oxidative reactions who are responsible of the degradation of biological cellular constituents, and could have a strong cardiovascular impact. The wood combustion is a major source of semivolatile organic compounds such as the methoxyphenols (MPs) including coniferyl aldehyde (CA), syringaldehyde (SR), or acetosyringone (AS). The MPs are however few studies into literature while toxicity of other compounds also from biomass combustion, as carbon monoxide, soot and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon are intensively studies.This work has shown by GC/MS that aging in simulated atmosphere (ozone + light rays) degraded CA in secondary products less cytotoxic, studies on fribroblastes culture but keep the atmospherical level of SR and AS which have a toxicity proved.A device of MPs particle production original by atomization, with a check system (height, composition, weight) and exposition flow continuous (Ø~50 nm, N~7E4 particles/cm3, m~5 µg/m3) adapted to little animals, was developed and validated, allowed the first study in vivo with these molecules. Between 1 and 3 month of exposition to rat Wistar, show modified antioxidant defences and cardiac modification (ischaemia/reperfusion) principally with AS, then CA and less SR. The adaptatives processes (remodeling) are demonstrated after 5 month of exposition.Furthermore, it is showed in vitro on lung adenocacinum cell lines (A549), CA induced a monolayer destructuration and apoptosis (caspase 3) but no effect proinflammatory (IL8, Cox-2 and iNOS).To conclude, this work contributes to study the impact of MPs in vitro and in vivo
Ricquebourg, Emilie. "Etude de la réactivité et de la toxicité des particules de méthoxyphénols : analyse de leur action in vivo chez le rat en atmosphère contrôlée sur la fonction cardiaque et les paramètres du stress oxydant." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4711.
In general, inhalation of particles is at the origin of inflammatory and oxidative reactions who are responsible of the degradation of biological cellular constituents, and could have a strong cardiovascular impact. The wood combustion is a major source of semivolatile organic compounds such as the methoxyphenols (MPs) including coniferyl aldehyde (CA), syringaldehyde (SR), or acetosyringone (AS). The MPs are however few studies into literature while toxicity of other compounds also from biomass combustion, as carbon monoxide, soot and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon are intensively studies.This work has shown by GC/MS that aging in simulated atmosphere (ozone + light rays) degraded CA in secondary products less cytotoxic, studies on fribroblastes culture but keep the atmospherical level of SR and AS which have a toxicity proved.A device of MPs particle production original by atomization, with a check system (height, composition, weight) and exposition flow continuous (Ø~50 nm, N~7E4 particles/cm3, m~5 µg/m3) adapted to little animals, was developed and validated, allowed the first study in vivo with these molecules. Between 1 and 3 month of exposition to rat Wistar, show modified antioxidant defences and cardiac modification (ischaemia/reperfusion) principally with AS, then CA and less SR. The adaptatives processes (remodeling) are demonstrated after 5 month of exposition.Furthermore, it is showed in vitro on lung adenocacinum cell lines (A549), CA induced a monolayer destructuration and apoptosis (caspase 3) but no effect proinflammatory (IL8, Cox-2 and iNOS).To conclude, this work contributes to study the impact of MPs in vitro and in vivo
Lespagnol, Elodie. "Impact du diabète de type 1 sur la vasoréactivité et la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque au repos et en réponse à l’exercice aigu." Thesis, Lille 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL2S003.
Despite intensive insulin treatment and advanced techniques of glucose self-monitoring, hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia are frequent complications in type 1 diabetes. Chronic hyperglycemia may contribute to early alterations in endothelial function and in cardiac autonomic activity. The literature about endothelial dysfunction is very large and sometimes contradictory but suggests that endothelial dysfunction can be evidenced during exercise. The underlying mechanisms of the altered vasoreactivity to exercise remain to be explored but may involve a decrease in the bioavailability of the main vasodilating molecule: nitric oxide (NO). In addition, chronic hyperglycemia but also acute hyper or hypoglycemic excursions may alter cardiac autonomic activity, even in patients with still uncomplicated type 1 diabetes. This manifests by a decrease in heart rate variability and in one of its components, the parasympathetic tone. Although regular exercise is recognized in non-diabetic populations to improve heart rate variability, the challenge for people with T1D may lie in the occurrence of exercise-induced hypoglycemic episodes, with a possible negative impact on parasympathetic tone. The objectives of this PhD were : 1) a systematic analysis of the literature throughout a meta-analysis, to study the presence or not of endothelial dysfunction in persons with type 1 diabetes compared to persons without diabetes, 2) investigating some molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-induced impairment in muscle vasoreactivity and finally, 3) studying the impact of a multi-day sustained cycling exercise on cardiac autonomic activity in athletes with type 1 diabetes, while considering glycemic excursions. The results show that 1) people with type 1 diabetes, albeit still free from overt micro- and macrovascular complications, have indeed an early endothelial dysfunction but also an alteration in the vascular smooth muscles function. The endothelial dysfunction was evidenced in response to various stimuli (exercise, occlusion-reperfusion, pharmacological substances or heat). Nevertheless, standardisation of methods would make the results less heterogeneous and help in the follow-up of endothelial dysfunction. 2) Alteration in muscle vasoreactivity to maximal exercise might be the consequence of a decrease in the availability of L-Arginine, the exclusive substrate of enzymatic NO synthesis. In addition, a decrease in the major circulating antioxidant, uric acid, is possibly involved, while vitamins, total free thiols and erythrocyte enzymatic antioxidant defences appear normal. 3) amateur athletes with type 1 diabetes show an increase in the time spent in hyperglycemia, but not hypoglycemia, in response to the unusual multi-day moderate-to-intense exercise, with possible deleterious impact on their nocturnal parasympathetic cardiac tone. In view of all these results, it appears therefore crucial to find non-pharmacological alternatives in an attempt to improve early endothelial and cardiac autonomic activity disorders
Petitjean, Caroline. "Recalage non rigide d'images par approches variationnelles statistiques - Application à l'analyse et à la modélisation de la fonction myocardique en IRM." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00273241.
Cette thèse se propose de démontrer que les techniques de recalage non rigide statistique constituent un cadre approprié pour l'estimation des déformations myocardiques en IRM, leur quantification à des fins diagnostiques, et leur modélisation en vue d'établir une référence numérique de normalité. Ses contributions concernent :
1. l'élaboration d'une méthode robuste non supervisée d'estimation des déplacements myocardiques à partir de séquences d'IRM de marquage. Elle permet l'obtention de mesures de mouvement fiables en tout point du myocarde, à tout instant du cycle cardiaque et sous incidence de coupe arbitraire.
2. le développement d'un outil de quantification dynamique des déformations à l'échelle du pixel et du segment myocardique, intégrant un étape de segmentation automatique du coeur par recalage d'images ciné IRM acquises conjointement aux données de marquage. Pour le coeur sain, la comparaison des mesures obtenues à des valeurs de référence issues d'une synthèse approfondie de la littérature médicale démontre une excellente corrélation. Pour des coeurs pathologiques, les expériences menées ont montré la pertinence d'une analyse quantitative multiparamétrique pour localiser et caractériser les zones atteintes.
3. la construction d'un modèle statistique (atlas) de contraction d'un coeur sain. Cet atlas fournit des modèles quantitatifs de référence locaux et segmentaires pour les paramètres de déformation. Son intégration, en tant que modèle de mouvement, au processus de recalage des données d'IRM de marquage conduit en outre à une description très compacte des déplacements myocardiques sans perte de précision notable.
Defebvre, Renaud Chevalet Pascal. "Insuffisance cardiaque à fonction systolique altérée." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=23246.
BOUE, ANNE-MARIE. "Insuffisance cardiaque congestive a fonction systolique conservee." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU31100.
Thambo, Jean-Benoît. "Asynchronisme, stimulation cardiaque et resynchronisation biventriculaire dans les cardiopathies congénitales : état des lieux, résultats, perspectives." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21818/document.
The number of adults with severe congenital heart disease is constantly growing. At medium to long-term follow up, these patients may present with heart failure or conduction disorders, which may lead to death. The pathophysiology and clinical course of these complications is multi-factorial and may be different from that in patients without congenital heart disease. In normal hearts, electromechanical dyssynchrony is known to induce ventricular remodeling and heart failure. Ventricular asynchrony is also present in a substantial number of adults with congenital heart disease. In this study, we combined animal experiments and clinical studies to investigate: 1) the acute and chronic effect of biventricular resynchronization therapy on cardiac function in an animal model mimicking right ventricular heart failure in Tetralogy of Fallot, as well as in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot; 2) the consequences of conventional ventricular pacing in patients with ‘systemic right ventricle physiology’; 3) the effects of chronic right ventricular pacing in an animal model of the developing heart.We found that: 1) biventricular resynchronization induces significant hemodynamic benefit in the animal model of Tetralogy of Fallot as well as in Fallot patients; 2) ventricular asynchrony induced by conventional ventricular pacing is deleterious to the function of the systemic right ventricle; 3) chronic right ventricular pacing is harmful to the developing (pediatric) heart with normal biventricular anatomy. Cardiac resynchronization therapy is promising as a treatment for heart failure, but may also prevent heart failure. Nowadays, new implantation techniques allow us to implant pacing devices in patients with limited anatomical access due to prior surgery and help to avoid numerous severe complications of conventional pacing therapy
Robert, Lawrence. "Système informatique d'évaluation de la fonction cardiaque chez l'enfant." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMP932S.
Jacques, Didier. "Nouvelles méthodes non invasives d'exploration de la fonction cardiaque." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10093.
Doppler Tissue Imaging (DTI) is a new echographic technique to assess cardiac function. Three studies defined its interests and limits. The first one showed that early diastolic wall velocities were preload dependent, limiting their value in the assessment of ventricular filling pressures. The second one suggested that myocardial performance index depended on contractility but also on load conditions. The third one emphasized that DTI has an interest in the quantification of ventricular asynchrony. Concerning the prediction of fluid responsiveness, our studies suggested that respiratory variations in pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude could be useful. In case of intra-abdominal hypertension, respiratory variations in arterial pressure are still reliable, but respiratory variations in inferior vena cava area are not
ROY, PIERRE ALAIN. "Les oedemes pulmonaires a fonction systolique normale." Amiens, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AMIEM129.
Rouhana, Sarah. "Etude cellulaire et moléculaire de l'insuffisance cardiaque à fonction systolique préservée." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT067/document.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a growing health problem. It could become the leading cause of HF within a decade. It is a pathology associated with high morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic options are limited due to a lack of knowledge of the pathology and its evolution. In this work, we investigated the cellular phenotype and Ca2+ handling in hearts recapitulating HFpEF criteria. HFpEF was induced in a portion of male Wistar rats four weeks after abdominal aortic banding. These animals had nearly normal ejection fraction and presented elevated blood pressure, lung congestion, concentric hypertrophy, increased LV mass, wall stiffness, impaired active relaxation and passive filling of the left ventricle, enlarged left atrium, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Left ventricular cell contraction was stronger and the Ca2+ transient larger. Ca2+ cycling was modified with a RyR2 mediated Ca2+ leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and impaired Ca2+ extrusion through the Na+ /Ca2+ (NCX), which promoted an increase in diastolic Ca2+ and spontaneous Ca2+ waves. PLN phosphorylation which promotes SERCA2a activity, was increased, suggesting an adaptive compensation of Ca2+ cycling. In the presence of Ranolazine, a sustained sodium current inhibitor, spontaneous Ca2+ events were suppressed. Cardiac remodeling in hearts with a HFpEF status differs from that known for HFrEF and opens the way to new pathophysiological and therapeutic actors
LADARRE, BEHRENDT NADINE. "Interet de l'echocardiographie doppler dans l'insuffisance cardiaque a fonction systolique conservee." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU31065.
Bouhémad, Bélaïd. "Fonction cardiaque et choc septique : méthodes échographiques d'évaluation et anomalies observées." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05P613.
Typical septic myocardial dysfunction is characterized by a reversible biventricular dilatation and depression of ejection fraction. We studied prospectively fifty-four patients with septic shock using transesophageal echography (TEE) and color M-mode Doppler study of left ventricular filling and Doppler tissue imaging. We firstly showedthat an isolated and reversible impairment of left ventricular relaxation in 20% of patients with septic shock. Secondly, we showed that the typical myocardial sptic dysfunction with dilatation of left ventricular was found only in patients with increased cTnI and systolic dysfunction. This impairment of ventricular relaxation is a critical issue in patients with postoperative circulatory shock and acute lung injury. In high-permeability-type pulmonary edema, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) is the critical determinant of the amount of fluid accumulating in the alveolo interstitial space. So, in these patients, we showed that TEE allows estimation of PCWP. Pulmonary artery pressure can only be estimated from regurgitation tricuspid flow using either transthoracic or transesophageal approach. In patients with hypoxemia and septic shock, echocardiography allows us to precise the septic ventricular dilatation, to diagnose sepsis-induced impaired isolated relaxation and to monitor its consequences on left ventricular filling pressures
Beghin, Hervé. "Insuffisance cardiaque congestive à fonction systolique conservée chez le sujet âgé." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2M010.
Potet, Franck. "Relations gène/fonction dans les canalopathies cardiaques." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112032.
The contractile function of the heart depends on the organization and on the electric activity of specialized muscular cells. This electric activity depends on the activity of a multitude of ionic channels responsible for various ionic currents. Genetic alteration of certain channels are responsible for cardiac arrhytmias leading to sudden death. Mutations of the cardiac sodium channel SCN5A are responsible for the long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome and conduction disorders. In a recombinant expression system we showed that haploinsufficiency of the cardiac sodium channel SCN5A is responsible for the conduction disorders. This haploinsufficiency, according to the affected family, can lead to progressive or not progressive conduction disorders. We also showed that an SCN5A mutation can lead in the same family either Brugada syndrome or conduction disorders. This mutation induces a loss of channel function. Mutations of the potassium channel KVLQT1 have been identified as responsible for both Romano-Ward (RW) and Jervell and Lange-Nielsen (JLN) inhereted long QT syndromes. Récessive JLN syndrome is associated with deafness. We showed that channel-complex KvLQT1/IsK regulation by the A kinase protein in a recombinant expression system requires the presence of an A kinase anchoring protein (AKAP). By an approach of cell localization, we showed that in COS-7 cells the KVLQT1 isoform 2 is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and exercises its negative dominance on the isoform 1 (channel isoform) by retention in the ER. We also show a correlation enter the conservation of the isoform 1 retention in the ER by the isoform 2 of KVLQT1 and the RW and JLN syndromes. Indeed, contrary to isoforme 2 RW mutations, isoformes 2 JLN mutations lost their capacity to retain the channel is form in the ER
TOETSCH, ANDRE-CHARLES. "Influence de la production endogene de monoxyde d'azote sur la fonction cardiaque." Strasbourg 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR15100.
Laurent, Bonnemains. "Analyse de la fonction ventriculaire droite." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00800410.
ROSA, BARBARA PARAISO GARCIA DUARTE DA. "LA FONCTION DU FANTASME EN ANALYSE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29006@1.
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
En avant comme point de départ une montage de la conception freudienne sur les fantasmes, nous soulevons la proposition de Lacan sur le fantasme fondamental en tant q objet à être construit pendant l analyse. Par la suite, en vue de la notion de l objet a, forgée par Lacan comme le reste du fantasme construit, nous aborderons la déstitution subjective, operée dans l analyse, comme un impasse suite à l identification du sujet à ce reste. Finalemet, chercherons des traces de la réstitution ontologique operée par Lacan, par le moyen de laquelle la déstitution subjective est prise comme un effet d être.
O objetivo do presente trabalho é definir a função da fantasia em análise, tendo como referência central a perspectiva elaborada por Lacan enquanto uma via de retorno aos textos de Freud. Partiremos de uma montagem da concepção freudiana sobre as fantasias, em seguida, abordaremos a proposta lacaniana segundo a qual a fantasia fundamental é o objeto construído durante a análise. Tendo em vista o conceito de objeto a, forjado por Lacan como o resto da fantasia construída, abordaremos a destituição subjetiva, operada em análise, como um impasse decorrente da identificação do sujeito com esse resto. Finalmente, buscaremos delinear a restituição ontológica operada por Lacan, a partir da qual a destituição subjetiva é tomada como um efeito de ser.
Guandalini, Bruno. "Analyse économique de la fonction d'arbitre." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR0015.
Efficiency in arbitration is an important issue and strictly depends on the efficiency ofthe arbitrator’s function. With the increase in the number of arbitration cases for several reasonsin the last decades, the function is in great demand so nowadays a market is consolidated. Butsupply and demand in the market for arbitrators is very particular. Equilibrium cannot beverified once price-elasticity is very limited. In addition, several market faillures are present,which certainly renders this market inefficient. Information asymmetry is probably the mostimportant one. Arbitrators consent to the arbitrator’s contract and exercise the function becausepositive incentives are higher than negative. The arbitrators’ utility function presupposes thatarbitrators are rational economic actors and, as such, some might adopt strategic behaviorsregarding other stakeholders in the arbitration, in order to increase their utility and welfare. Butas every human-being, arbitrators’ decisions are not always rational. Behavioral economics mayexplain and predict arbitrators’ limitations of rationality, which might certainly affect arbitrator’s decisions and the efficiency of the function. It raises also discussions on the prevention andcorrection of arbitrator’s limitations of rationality
Bonnemains, Laurent. "Analyse de la fonction ventriculaire droite." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0187/document.
The right ventricle (RV) has been neglected for a long time by cardiologists. Only recently, it has been pointed out as yielding pronostic or diagnostic value in numerous clinical situations. This thesis, after a review of the different methods used to assess the right ventricular function, stresses the limitations of the two most used methods to assess RV function: 1) Long-axis contraction indices fail to predict ejection fraction in a volumetric overload situation. 2) Short-axis MRI relies upon a rather difficult manual contouring of the endocardium. The main variation in this contouring occurs in the infundibulum (40%) and in the basal part around the tricuspid valve (40%). Then, we propose a novel geometric indice, easy to compute during a MRI examination and aimed to select the patients needing an accurate RV study. This index was validated within 340 patients and reduced the operator time of 35% without inducing any diagnostic error. The last part of this thesis concerns tissue phase-mapping. High temporal resolution is the key point for the accuracy of myocardial velocities and can be achieved by a simple averaging during free-breathing at the expense of longer acquisitions
Lucats, Laurence Ghaleh-Marzban Bijan. "La fonction contractile régionale du myocarde post-ischémique adaptations physiopathologiques et pharmacologiques /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2006. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0245949.pdf.
PUENTES, JOHN. "Analyse symbolique du mouvement cardiaque en angiographie vasculaire." Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN10192.
Bière, Loïc. "Analyse quantitative des paramètres issus de l'IRM cardiaque." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0072.
The various aspect of cardiac function may now be investigated non-invasively by cardiac imaging. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) allows to study multiple parameters in one time, including function, perfusion, tissular characteristics and fibrosis. There is a need to propose adequate and objective criteria for CMR analysis, which may be warranted by a quantitative analysis. We prospectively followed 195 patients with a first ST elevation myocardial infarction and successful revascularisation. CMR were performed at baseline and 3 months. We analysed ventricular volumes, systolic wall stress, infarct size, microvascular obstruction, and pericardial effusion extent. A cohort of 42 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were also studied. We demonstrated the clinical interest for semi-automated analysis of late gadolinium enhancement imaging. The use of the FWHM algorithm appeared strongly related to left ventricular volumes at 3 months. Then we depicted the lack of relationships between electrocardiograms and fibrosis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The presence of q waves appeared to be related to cardiac phenotype, namely higher septal to posterior ratios. We showed the impairment of myocardial deformations in regard of myocardial fibrosis following a myocardial infarction. We found a much depressed deformation in case of microvascular obstruction and an interest for longitudinal global strain for the prediction of infarct size at 3 months. We also studied the determinants of post-infarction heart failure on one part, pericardial effusion on the other, by the use of a CMR multiparametric approach. Infarct size and systolic wall stress were the best markers of in-hospital and post-discharge heart failure, respectively. A pericardial effusion was found in 58.5% of the patients with a mean size of 31.6±24.0 ml. The determinants by multivariate analysis were infarct size, microvascular obstruction and systolic wall stress. Our results highlighted the interest for a quantitative and multiparametric approach of CMR. Further applications are expected in both descriptive and randomized studies
Trardi, Youssef. "Analyse multivariée pour le diagnostic de l'arythmie cardiaque." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0598.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most pressing health concerns and the leading cause of death worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), CVD is responsible for 17.9 million deaths worldwide each year, or 31\% of all deaths. In France, CVD is the second leading cause of death after cancer, with approximately 150,000 deaths per year. Myocardial infarction also called a heart attack, is the most deadly form of CVD in the world. It causes 18,000 deaths per year in France, i.e., 10\% of total mortality. In this thesis, we are interested in CVD, and more precisely in one of its leading causes, namely cardiac arrhythmias. Academic research and industry rely on technological advances to develop IT tools for arrhythmia detection. In this work, we address this issue by proposing a new diagnostic strategy to distinguish healthy subjects in the presence of ectopic beats from subjects with atrial fibrillation. This strategy is based on the analysis of additional derivatives extracted from the R-R interval time series. This approach is composed of a process of derivative calculation and feature extraction. We applied different classification algorithms to build the diagnostic model, including support vector machine and multi-kernel learning. Also, we have developed a high-performance variable selection algorithm based on multi-kernel programming. The developed approach has been validated on different cardiac arrhythmia databases. The results obtained demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the developed method
Talha, Samy. "Fonction endocrine cardiaque : origine de l'augmentation plasmatique du brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) après transplantation cardiaque et effets protecteurs du BNP sur la fonction mitochondriale du muscle squelettique après ischémie-reperfusion." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA3492.
Messner, Patrick. "Rôle de la fonction pulmonaire dans la limitation à l'exercice musculaire d'origine cardiaque." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON1T019.
ATTIA, ALY SAAD MOHAMED AHDY. "Consequences d'une ischemie du cortex insulaire sur la fonction baroreflexe cardiaque du rat." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066016.
Duval, Vincent. "Rôle de l'isoforme CXCL12γ dans la fonction et le remodelage cardiaque post-ischémique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UNIP5162.
After myocardial infarction (MI), adverse cardiac remodeling and progression to heart failure may be promoted by macroscopic alterations in left ventricular geometry and function, as well as microscopic alterations in the cellular and molecular landscapes of the ischemic heart. Previous studies have supported the crucial role of chemokines (CK) in the coordination of molecular and cellular events underlying post-ischemic cardiac remodeling and repair. Beyond CK interactions with their specific receptors, CK binding to heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans determines the magnitude of their biological effects. However, the impact of CK/HS interactions in the infarcted cardiac tissue remains unknown. In our study, we unraveled the essential role of the specific interactions between CXCL12, a major CK for cardiac homeostasis, and HS in post-ischemic cardiac remodeling. Indeed, we evidenced that disruption of these interactions in Cxcl12gagtm/gagtm mice resulted in decreased cardiac function associated with fibrosis and reduced post-ischemic vascularization. These effects were also observed in mice deficient for CXCL12γ (Cxcl12γKI), an isoform highly expressed in the heart and possessing increased affinity for HS. Conversely, administration of adenovirus expressing CXCL12γ into infarcted myocardium improved cardiac function and promoted angiogenesis. Interestingly, CXCL12γ overexpression also rescued the deleterious cardiac phenotype observed in Cxcl12gagtm/gagtm and Cxcl12γKI mice, confirming the major role of CXCL12/HS interactions and CXCL12γ in the regulation of post-ischemic cardiac function and remodeling. After the ischemic event, the coordinated increase of CXCL12 mRNA levels and that of ACKR3 (a cognate CXCL12 receptor) suggested an important role of this axis during MI. In this line of reasoning, in vivo activation of ACKR3, unlike that of CXCR4 (the second classical CXCL12 receptor), improved cardiac function and promoted post-ischemic vascularization. The lack of modulation of the inflammatory response in mutant mice led us to investigate the contribution of resident cardiac cells to the CXCL12-related effects. We identified a subpopulation of ACKR3-expressing fibroblasts with a pro-angiogenic signature in the infarcted myocardium. We therefore hypothesized that CXCL12 could exert its angiogenic effects through activation of ACKR3-expressing fibroblasts. Using conditioned media from cardiac fibroblasts stimulated with CXCL12alpha or CXCL12γ, we showed that only the secretome from CXCL12γ-stimulated fibroblasts was able to induce in vitro endothelial cell proliferation as well as vascular tube formation. Interestingly, these effects were blunted after inhibition of ACKR3, but not after that of CXCR4, highlighting the pro-angiogenic role of CXCL12γ/ACKR3 axis in our experimental conditions. Finally, analysis of conditioned media indicated that stimulation by CXCL12γ enhanced protein levels of several angiogenic factors. Thus, this work reveals, for the first time, a protective role of CXCL12/HS interactions after MI and suggests that the CXCL12γ/ACKR3 axis may be a novel therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases
Albaladejo, Pierre. "Fréquence cardiaque et risque cardiovasculaire : rôle de la fréquence cardiaque dans les altérations de la fonction et de la structure artérielle." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066385.
Burggraf, Christian. "Contribution à l'étude des insuffisances cardiaques à fonction systolique conservée : à propos d'une étude rétrospective sur 4 ans." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1M190.
Declerck, Jérôme. "Étude de la dynamique cardiaque par analyse d'images tridimensionnelles." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00630996.
DECLERCK, JEROME. "Etude de la dynamique cardiaque par analyse d'images tridimensionnelles." Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE5097.
Franchitti, Alexandra. "Analyse et optimisation d’un réseau de stimulation multisite cardiaque." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066190.
This paper presents the results of the Analysis and Optimization of a three-dimensional numerical model representing an array of electrodes for the propagation of the action potential evolving in a cardiac pacing. To calculate this potential, we chose the phenomenological model reaction-diffusion type proposed by Aliev-Panfilov. After choosing the parameters of so-called output ones, relevant to describe the physiological basis of the action potential simulated numerically, we determined the input parameters of the Aliev-Panfilov model that can reproduce these output parameters. The direct simulation being realistic, calibrated in both healthy and diseased cases, we moved to the control of a heart disease to improve its behavior by various types of pacemakers: single site, bisite or multisite. The first objective was to determine a realistic cost functional and in accordance with the specifications chosen by a cardiologist. The mathematical resolution of the control problem hasoptimized the placement of electrodes (for multisite) and the current delivered by the electrode, showing, in this context, the most efficient multisite
Magnani, Christophe. "Analyse sinusoïdale quadratique de la fonction neuronale." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066639.
The main subject concerns quadratic sinusoidal analysis (QSA) of the nonlinear neuronal function. Four topics are presented. QSA theory is the main result of the thesis, published in J. Comp. Neurosci. (2011). Quadratic analytical equations are established for a multisinusoidal voltage clamp model. This result is generalized to a Hermitian operator representing a second order Volterra kernel in the frequency domain. An experimental method is developed in order to measure the QSA operator of vestibular neurons. The eigenanalysis provides a compact signature of the neuronal behavior. The experimental application of QSA is the result of a team work, published in J. Comp. Neurosci. (2013). The PHN neurons of type B and D from experiments and models are compared through piecewise linear + quadratic analysis. The modeling of nonlinear effects of conductances shows the dendritic origin of the quadratic response. The dendritic hypothesis suggests that voltage clamp nonlinearities come essentially from dendrites. The quantum QSA theory is a mathematical reformulation of QSA, which provides new results compatible with experiments. One obtains a noncommutative interpretation of quadratic currents, a probability amplitude for the quadratic response, and a stochastic interpretation of the quadratic noise measured experimentally. The noncommutative spiking is based on unitary operators of translation and modulation in Gabor analysis. This provides a novel interpretation of the neuronal function in terms of time-frequency shifts in a noncommutative space
Donal, Erwan. "Nouveaux outils d'exploration de la fonction myocardique par échocardiographie Doppler : définition et évaluation en situations expérimentales et cliniques de variations de charge." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT1405.
Mols, Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude de la fonction cardiaque droite dans la bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive sévère." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212470.
Bouitbir, Jamal. "Étude des effets des statines sur la fonction mitochondriale des muscles cardiaque et squelettique." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6258.
Statins is very effective drugs in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. However, statins induced deleterious effects including muscular pains. It was clearly established that mitochondria were a privileged target of statins and were the principal source of free radicals. However, no study concerned the effect of statins on this ROS production. The first part of my thesis demonstrated that in vitro, atorvastatin decreased mitochondrial respiration whatever the phenotype and increased the ROS production. On the other hand, a chronically endurance training decreased these deleterious effects in skeletal muscles. Besides, we demonstrated that on treated rats chronically with atorvastatin, the endurance capacities decreased. The second part of my thesis showed that statins acted according to the concept of “mitohormesis”. Indeed, statins induced in glycolytic muscle an important increase of ROS extending beyond the antioxidant system inducing a deactivation of the mitochondrial biogenesis and a decrease of muscular oxidative capacities. On the other hand, in the cardiac muscle where the antioxidant capacities are important, statins induced a moderate increase of ROS which allowed to the activation of the mitochondrial biogenesis. These works allowed understanding why and how statins acted differently in cardiac and skeletal muscles and opening perspectives in the treatment of the muscular pains following a treatment with statins
Geny, Bernard. "Fonction endocrine myocardique : origine de l'elevation plasmatique du facteur atrial natriuretique apres transplantation cardiaque." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR13123.
Georget, Marie. "Régulation de la fonction cardiaque par l'adénylate cyclase chez des souris transgéniques:compartimentation de l'AMPc." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA11T045.
Lamy, Jérôme. "Développement et validation de biomarqueurs quantitatifs d'imagerie cardiaque : association entre structure et fonction myocardique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS045/document.
Cardiovascular diseases, which are still one of the leading causes of death worldwide, are the result of interdependent alterations of the heart structure and function coupled with the aggravating effects of metabolic diseases, aging and lifestyle. In this context, the goal of my thesis is to design and validate new, robust and fast cardiac imaging quantitative biomarkers to characterize myocardial function and structure as well as their relationships. A first work was focused on the development of a method to evaluate cardiac function, specifically myocardial deformation kinetics on all cardiac chambers from standard cine MRI images. The designed method was reproducible and its diagnostic ability was superior to conventional clinical indices. It was also able to detect subclinical age-related heart alterations. The aims of the second study were to develop a method for atrial fat quantification, based on CT images, and to evaluate it on a cohort of healthy subjects and patients with atrial fibrillation. Finally, the interaction between structural and functional myocardial indices was studied through the first in vivo validation in the MRI literature of cardiac deformation function, evaluated using our method, against histological quantification of the “fibro-fatty” tissue substrate
Lamy, Jérôme. "Développement et validation de biomarqueurs quantitatifs d'imagerie cardiaque : association entre structure et fonction myocardique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS045.pdf.
Cardiovascular diseases, which are still one of the leading causes of death worldwide, are the result of interdependent alterations of the heart structure and function coupled with the aggravating effects of metabolic diseases, aging and lifestyle. In this context, the goal of my thesis is to design and validate new, robust and fast cardiac imaging quantitative biomarkers to characterize myocardial function and structure as well as their relationships. A first work was focused on the development of a method to evaluate cardiac function, specifically myocardial deformation kinetics on all cardiac chambers from standard cine MRI images. The designed method was reproducible and its diagnostic ability was superior to conventional clinical indices. It was also able to detect subclinical age-related heart alterations. The aims of the second study were to develop a method for atrial fat quantification, based on CT images, and to evaluate it on a cohort of healthy subjects and patients with atrial fibrillation. Finally, the interaction between structural and functional myocardial indices was studied through the first in vivo validation in the MRI literature of cardiac deformation function, evaluated using our method, against histological quantification of the “fibro-fatty” tissue substrate
Carré, François. "Analyse des troubles du rythme cardiaque spontanés et de la variabilité sinusale dans différents modèles d'hypertrophie cardiaque." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN1B008.
Su, Jinbo. "Mécanique cardiaque : la contraction et la relaxation ventriculaires gauches du coeur in-situ." Paris 12, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA120052.
Fligny, Cécile. "Invalidation du gène TPH1 chez la souris : rôle de la sérotonine circulante et implication de la sérotonine maternelle dans la fonction cardiaque." Paris 6, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00184157.
Lucats, Laurence. "La fonction contractile régionale du myocarde post-ischémique : adaptations physiopathologiques et pharmacologiques." Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002459490204611&vid=upec.
Myocardial stunning is characterised by a reduced systolic wall thickening and a pardoxical postsystolic wall tickening. Using a model of chronically instrumented dogs, we demonstrated that postsystolic wall thickening is the consequence of a ventricular asynchrony. This abnormality was corrected using late preconditioning or pharmacological cardioprotection. Indeed, selective heart rate reduction with ivabradine converted postsystolic wall tickening into ejectionnal wall tickening during myocardial stunning. Such a beneficial adaptation was also achieved with late preconditioning and was concomitant of a change in calcium homeostasis as demonstrated by an increase in FKBP 12. 6, a regulatory protein of the ryanodine receptor. These data represent potential pharmacological targets for the development of new protective strategies against the cardiac lesions induced by schemia/reperfusion