Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analyse de l'estimabilité des paramètres'
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Bouchkira, Ilias. "Modélisation thermodynamique des solutions d'acides sulfurique et phosphorique en présence du minerai de phosphate : applications à l'encrassement, à la cristallisation et à l'optimisation multicritère d'une unité industrielle de production d'acide phosphorique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0056.
This PhD work deals with the development of a thermodynamic model and its use in the modeling, simulation and optimization of phosphoric acid manufacturing processes. It consists of mass and charge balance equations, chemical equilibrium equations, and Pitzer’s model equation. The model involves several unknown parameters to be identified from experimental measurements available in a database developed in this work. It contains data on speciation of phosphoric and sulfuric acids, on solubility of ten minerals, and on water activity of eight binary systems. The measurements are performed under temperature conditions ranging from 298K to 353K and concentrations ranging from 0 mol/kg water to 20 mol/kg water. A global sensitivity based estimability analysis is then developed and used to evaluate the estimability of the unknown parameters from the available data. The estimable parameters are then identified, and the values of the non-estimable ones are taken from the literature or from previous studies. Additional experimental measurements, different from those used for the identification of parameters, are carried out to validate the model. The Fisher-Snedecor statistical test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test are particularly used. The results of the tests confirmed the quality of the model predictions. The validated model is first exploited in the multi-objective optimization of an industrial unit of phosphoric acid production, in particular to minimize the chemical losses of phosphate and to improve of the performance of the unit. It is then used to investigate the fouling problems that occur during the production of phosphoric acid and alter the performance of different units of the manufacturing process. Finally, the model is exploited in the modeling and simulation of the crystallization of calcium sulfates during the production of phosphoric acid. The model thus validated and already exploited can now be used as a predictive tool for the design and optimal operation of existing phosphoric acid manufacturing processes, or even for the development of new processes which are more integrated and more efficient
Bouyssel, François. "Analyse variationnelle des paramètres de surface." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30074.
Gavrus, Adinel. "Identification automatique des paramètres rhéologiques par analyse inverse." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1996. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00733884.
Dessombz, Olivier. "Analyse dynamique de structures comportant des paramètres incertains." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECDL0036.
We are interested in the modelling of structures with uncertain parameters. We focus on the characteristics of static and dynamic responses of such mechanical systems. We distinguish in this study two cases : first, the case of random parameters with a known probability law and second the case of variables of which only the bounds are known. In a first part, we investigate the case of structures with uncertain parameters modelled as random variables. We are particularly interested in the dynamic responses, as well the frequency response functions as the eigenmodes. An inovative method is carried out, which consists in a projection on orthogonal polynomial (polynomial chaos) that leads to the main stochastic characteristics of the responses. In a second part, we use the interval arithmetic to solve static and dynamic problems. We first propose an adapted formulation of the mathematical problems with respect to the finite element modeling of mechanical systems. We then introduce a new formulation of an iterative algorithm that leads to enveloppes of responses for interval linear systems
Bière, Loïc. "Analyse quantitative des paramètres issus de l'IRM cardiaque." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0072.
The various aspect of cardiac function may now be investigated non-invasively by cardiac imaging. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) allows to study multiple parameters in one time, including function, perfusion, tissular characteristics and fibrosis. There is a need to propose adequate and objective criteria for CMR analysis, which may be warranted by a quantitative analysis. We prospectively followed 195 patients with a first ST elevation myocardial infarction and successful revascularisation. CMR were performed at baseline and 3 months. We analysed ventricular volumes, systolic wall stress, infarct size, microvascular obstruction, and pericardial effusion extent. A cohort of 42 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were also studied. We demonstrated the clinical interest for semi-automated analysis of late gadolinium enhancement imaging. The use of the FWHM algorithm appeared strongly related to left ventricular volumes at 3 months. Then we depicted the lack of relationships between electrocardiograms and fibrosis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The presence of q waves appeared to be related to cardiac phenotype, namely higher septal to posterior ratios. We showed the impairment of myocardial deformations in regard of myocardial fibrosis following a myocardial infarction. We found a much depressed deformation in case of microvascular obstruction and an interest for longitudinal global strain for the prediction of infarct size at 3 months. We also studied the determinants of post-infarction heart failure on one part, pericardial effusion on the other, by the use of a CMR multiparametric approach. Infarct size and systolic wall stress were the best markers of in-hospital and post-discharge heart failure, respectively. A pericardial effusion was found in 58.5% of the patients with a mean size of 31.6±24.0 ml. The determinants by multivariate analysis were infarct size, microvascular obstruction and systolic wall stress. Our results highlighted the interest for a quantitative and multiparametric approach of CMR. Further applications are expected in both descriptive and randomized studies
Hadjee, Younousse. "Analyse du problème d'estimation de paramètres en sismique marine." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090036.
Zaylaa, Amira. "Analyse et extraction de paramètres de complexité de signaux biomédicaux." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR3315/document.
The analysis of biomedical time series derived from nonlinear dynamic systems is challenging due to the chaotic nature of these time series. Only few classical parameters can be detected by clinicians to opt the state of patients and fetuses. Though there exist valuable complexity invariants such as multi-fractal parameters, entropies and recurrence plot, they were unsatisfactory in certain cases. To overcome this limitation, we propose in this dissertation new entropy invariants, we contributed to multi-fractal analysis and we developed signal-based (unbiased) recurrence plots based on the dynamic transitions of time series. Principally, we aim to improve the discrimination between healthy and distressed biomedical systems, particularly fetuses by processing the time series using our techniques. These techniques were either validated on Lorenz system, logistic maps or fractional Brownian motions modeling chaotic and random time series. Then the techniques were applied to real fetus heart rate signals recorded in the third trimester of pregnancy. Statistical measures comprising the relative errors, standard deviation, sensitivity, specificity, precision or accuracy were employed to evaluate the performance of detection. Elevated discernment outcomes were realized by the high-order entropy invariants. Multi-fractal analysis using a structure function enhances the detection of medical fetal states. Unbiased cross-determinism invariant amended the discrimination process. The significance of our techniques lies behind their post-processing codes which could build up cutting-edge portable machines offering advanced discrimination and detection of Intrauterine Growth Restriction prior to fetal death. This work was devoted to Fetal Heart Rates but time series generated by alternative nonlinear dynamic systems should be further considered
Damak, Sérine. "Approximation de systèmes à paramètres répartis : Analyse, simulation et commande." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0029.
This thesis addresses the approximation of infinite-dimensional linear systems for one-dimension in space, with the input-output approach, by a class of delay systems, and the stability analysis of this class of approximation. In order to preserve the properties of the original properties by interconnection, such as stability and/or input-output performance, the approximation is defined within the graph topology framework. In general, the methods proposed in the literature lead, by approximation, to finite-dimensional models. However, in this topology, such an approximation by lumped plants may not exist. It seems natural to generalize this approximation class by including a delay operator. We then obtain an approximation in the graph topology governed by a model of coupled differential-difference equations. The existence of this class of approximation and the properties of state-realization are studied. A constructive numerical method is proposed for this approximation. After the description of this class of approximation, we investigate stability of this class of operators, by the Lyapunov-Krasovskii approach. This approach consists to involve stability conditions of the form of a convex optimization problem. This stability analysis is extended to the case of systems with uncertain parameters and time-varying delays. We also propose estimates of the decay rate of the solution for the performance analysis. The analysis of the conservatism of the proposed methodology has been studied
Léger, Stéphanie. "Analyse stochastique de signaux multi-fractaux et estimations de paramètres." Orléans, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ORLE2045.
Alouf, Sara. "Estimation de paramètres et analyse des performances de diverses applications réseaux." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE5791.
In this thesis we look at several modeling problems to estimate some parameters or to evaluate the performance of some mechanisms. The first subject is about the estimation of the cross traffic intensity and the buffer size at the bottleneck of a connection. We develop two inference models based on the M/M/1/K and M/D/1/K queues and derive 11 schemes for estimating the above-mentioned parameters. The second subject is about the on-line estimation of the membership of multicast groups. We first model the multicast group by an M/M/infinity queue and show that the estimation problem can be solved using a Kalman filter (heavy traffic case) and a Wiener filter (general case). We then design an efficient estimator using the M/H2/infinity queue model. The third subject is about agent location mechanisms in a mobile code environment. We propose Markovian models to evaluate the cost of two such mechanisms in terms of response times. All our models are validated via simulations and experiments
Tourny, Claire. "Analyse des paramètres biomécaniques du nageur de brasse de haut niveau." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON14003.
Zhang, Lin. "Analyse quantitative des paramètres de l'IRM cardiaque dans l'infarctus du myocarde." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0110/document.
Cardiac MRI (CMR) has the unique ability to study left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. The main objectives of this work were to characterize infarct tissue by CMR and to evaluate factors associated with LV remodeling. We prospectively studied 114 patients with a first ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary angioplasty. CMR was performed within 2-4 days and at 6 months after the revascularization. First, we compared different methods for the segmentation of myocardial infarcts on late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging. Second, we described the evolution of different components of LGE area during 6 months. We found that the decrease of LGE area (33.8%) matched the extent of initial gray zone. Third, we studied the clinical role of gray zone. The gray zone was found to be a protective factor for adverse remodeling. Fourth, we studied the influence of microvascular obstruction (MVO) on local LV remodeling and observed distinct remodeling patterns in patients with and without MVO: equally-distributed shrinkage throughout the LV cavity in patients without MVO whereas significant dilation occurring in those with MVO, tending to be greater in myocardial regions containing MVO
Migliore, Thomas. "Estimation des paramètres de transport en milieu hydro-géologique et analyse d'incertitudes." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00442635.
Boura, Anaïs. "Analyse intra-cerne de quelques espèces d'arbres : paramètres individuels, spécifiques et climatiques." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MNHN0044.
This study focuses on the analysis of the inter- and intra-specific wood anatomical variability. Seventeen wood anatomical characters were measured on 1358 growth rings belonging to five species along a geographic gradient. This important data set, based on two groups of variables linked to both porosity and productivity, contributed to outline the “sampling area” and the “tree” effects and, to a lesser extent, the “annual” effect on the wood anatomical variability. Statistical analyses have then enabled to propose scenarios of responses to meteorological events and global climate for the different species. A second part of the study was devoted to inter- and intra-specific wood anatomical variations in Dombeyoideae of the Mascarene Island. The obtained results were finally used for the re-examination of Castanoxylon fossil wood material in a paleo-climatic and paleo-environmental reconstruction attempt
Asnagli, Hélène. "Analyse des paramètres impliqués dans la différenciation fonctionnelle des lymphocytes T murins." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX22027.
Zerelli, Manel. "Systèmes mécatroniques à paramètres variables : analyse du comportement et approche du tolérancement." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECAP0032/document.
In this thesis we proposed a method for the study of parametric variation for continuous and hybrid systems and an approach for mechatronics tolerancing. We first studied the different existing approaches to take into account the variation of parameters. For continuous systems with variable parameters we chose the method of differential inclusions. We took the Raczynski algorithm and we have developed an optimization algorithm which is based on the steepest descent method with an extension to obtain global optimum. For hybrid systems, containing continuous evolutions and discrete jumps, and have parametric variations, we have chosen the formalism of impulse differential inclusion as a modeling tool. We took this formalism and identified its components on a mechatronic system. We have developed algorithms for solving impulse differential inclusions for several variable parameters. To view the results, the developed algorithms were implemented in Mathematica. We ended this part by a comparison between our approach and others like those around hybrid automata invariant polyhedron, polygonal differential inclusions and practical algorithm for solving differential inclusion. We showed then some advantages of our approach. In the last part, we organized the different tools used and results obtained to define and refine our approach to tolerancing. We defined the area of the desired operation, the various scenarios that may present, and its intersection with reachable area. We presented a metric tool based on topological Hausdorff distance for the calculation of distances between the different sets. With these elements, we proposed an iterative approach to tolerancing in the state space
Al-Saphory, Raheam Ahmad Mansor. "Analyse régionale asymptotique d'une classe de systèmes distribués." Perpignan, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PERP0443.
The work concerns the introduction of some notions (detectability, stabilisability, observer) in asymptotic regional analyse for a class of distributed parameter systems. Different properties and characterizations were stablished, in particular in connection with sensors and actuators structure
Dib, Sami. "Détermination par linéarisation des paramètres caracteristiques dune jonction p-n en microélectronique." Perpignan, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PERP0435.
Pérez, Fabien. "Etude spectrophotométrique d'effluents industriels : application à l'estimation de paramètres." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11031.
Migliore, Thomas. "Estimation des paramètres de transport dans un milieu hydro-géologique et analyse d'incertitudes." Nice, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00442635v3.
In this work, we are interested in estimating solute transport parameters in a porous medium with a low permeability, from a theorical and applied point of view in connection with the storage of long- lived nuclear waste in deep geological layer. In recent years, the problem of nuclear waste management has become a major concern of society. The mathematical models used for storing waste in deep level are based on the flow and transport equations in porous media? These models require the knowledge of the physical parameters of the different geological layers. Since those parameters (porosity and diffusion) are not directly accessible by measurements, we studied firstly the aspect of parameters identification and fixed areas. To solve this inverse problem, we used deterministic (or variational) methods based on the minimization of a quadratic criterion (or cost function) with the objective of finding all the parameters that minimize the criterion. We have broken down the media in homogeneous areas in which the coefficients have been identified (zonation technique), for this, we differentiated the convection-diffusion code traces with the automatic differentiation software Tapenade to get the adjoint code of traces. In a second step, we used this work to solve the zones identification problem, starting form a modified geological configuration, we searched for the actual geological configuration by identifying the parameters whose supports are these zones. Then, by grouping the identified coefficients by isovalues, we obtained the desired configuration
Wysokikamien, Nora. "Contribution à une analyse sémantico-pragmatique des paramètres spatio-temporels dans l'interaction verbale." Paris 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA03A079.
Senatore, Johanna. "Analyse qualitative des paramètres influents pour la planification des trajectoires sur surfaces gauches." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30262.
Bocquentin, Fanny. "Pratiques funéraires, paramètres biologiques et identités culturelles au Natoufien : une analyse archéo-anthropologique." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12769.
Luzeux, Mylène. "Intérêts et limites de la recherche des paramètres biologiques dans la salive." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P018.
Corvo, Joris. "Caractérisation de paramètres cosmétologiques à partir d'images multispectrales de peau." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM100/document.
Thanks to its precision in spatial and spectral domain, multispectral imaging has become an essential tool in dermatology. This thesis focuses on the interest of this technology for cosmetological parameters assessment through three different studies: the detection of a foundation make-up, age assessment and roughness measurement.A database of multispectral skin images is build using a multiple optical filters system. A preprocessing step allows to standardize those texture images before their exploitation.Covariance matrices of mutispectral acquisitions can be displayed in a multidimensional scaling space which is a novel way to represent multivariate data sets. Likewise, a new dimensionality reduction algorithm based on PCA is proposed in this thesis.A complete study of the images texture is performed: texture features from mathematical morphology and more generally from image analysis are expanded to the case of multivariate images. In this process, several spectral distances are tested, among which a new distance associating the LIP model to the Asplund metric.Statistical predictions are generated from texture data. Thoses predictions lead to a conclusion about the data processing efficiency and the relevance of multispectral imaging for the three cosmetologic studies
Kammoun, Abla. "Contributions à l'égalisation aveugle et semi-aveugle et analyse de performance." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00560663.
This thesis deals with two principal issues. The first one is about performance analysis in the context of systems using training sequences and multi-user systems. Based on an asymptotic analysis, we provide closed-form expressions for the BER and outage probability and prove their accuracies even for usual system dimensions. The second part deals with blind and semi-blind channel estimation techniques. Our contributions are twofold: theoretical and practical. As for our practical outcomes, we provide new approaches that overcome certain difficulties encountered with conventional techniques like the sensitivity to channel order over-modeling for blind methods and the setting of the regularization parameter for semi-blind methods. Concerning our theoretical contributions, we provide a rigorous proof for the quasi-convexity of the asymptotic MSE in regularized semi-blind systems. We also give for the first time well founded arguments that supports the use of lp quasi norms to improve the robustness of subspace based methods
Wu, Yue. "Détermination spectroscopique automatique de paramètres atmosphériques stellaires." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10116.
Galactic studies require large samples of stars with known mass, age, abundance, spatial velocity and distance etc. Spectroscopic observations allow ones to measure some of these parameters and to derive the others. The need for statistically representative samples motivated the construction of instruments and the realization of large surveys like SDSS, LAMOST and GAIA... These projects bring an enormous quantity of data that the traditional interactive spectral analysis methods cannot handle. This triggered efforts to design automatic methods. My work started in this context, and the goals were to develop and test an automatic method and to apply it to medium resolution stellar spectra. The thesis contains four sections: 1. The ULySS package, and in particular its application to the determination of the atmospheric parameters of stars is presented. 2. We used ULySS to determine the atmospheric parameters of the 1273 stars of the CFLIB library. 3. We applied the same method on LAMOST commissioning observations and we prepared stellar spectral templates for the future surveys. 4. We searched new metal-poor (hearafter MP) stellar candidates from LAMOST commissioning observations. The result of these MP star candidates is a prelude to the feasibility of LAMOST's capability on searching and enlarging the sample of MP stars in the Milky Way
Gomez, Martin Laura. "Paramètres d'élargissement collisionnel des raies de molécules d'intérêt atmosphérique en spectroscopie Raman inversé." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA2024.
The consequences of human activities on the atmosphere are one of the actual subjects of preoccupation. To analyse the situation, optical diagnostic of temperature and molar concentrations remains one of the most interesting technique to study in details combustion media or atmospheric systems. This technique needs a very precise knowledge of collisional parameters for all molecules present in the investigated systems. The nitrogen molecule is often the most studied molecule due to its presence in the atmosphere. This work is devoted to a refined study of collisional line widths of N2-H2 and pure N2 molecular systems by ro-vibrational isotropic Raman spectroscopy. .
Mourier, Karine. "Réponse dynamique de structures mécaniques à paramètres imprécis." Valenciennes, 2008. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/44095298-c83f-4ec5-9732-f888d5b193bf.
Numerical simulations are more and more efficient but many sources of uncertainties distort structures behaviour prediction. Uncertainties are due to a lack of knowledge of the endogenous or exogenous parameters. Consequently, different methods are developed in order to model and propagate imprecision, maintaining reasonable numeric costs and limited overestimation. The fuzzy set theory is thus exploited in order to treat two problems with growing complexity. In the first part, a mixed approach is developed to calculate the fuzzy harmonic response of a mechanical system with uncertain modal parameters and forces. A functional analysis allows to define the useful combinations for the calculation by modal superposition principle. Computational costs are also reduced significantly. The second part of this work is concerned with the evaluation of the transient response of structures in contact (e. G. Braking systems). Uncertainties deal with the contact law and structural parameters. An approach based on an approximation of the modified solutions by projection techniques, is studied. Costs are limited due to the reduction of parameters’ combination and the computation of solutions in a reduced basis. A numerical application on a normal contact test case shows the efficiency of the methodology. These prospective works allow to draw different investigation fields to consider
Daniel, Sandrine. "Analyse d'images SAR polarimétriques aéroportées pour l'estimation de paramètres bio-physiques des sols agricoles." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523413.
Douillet, Nicolas. "Analyse des données de LISA : une méthode pour l'estimation des paramètres des binaires galactiques." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4124.
In the context of gravitational wave detection, Lisa is a challenging project of a low frequency space interferometer aiming at coalescing binaries. Its data analysis is a major purpose of the project, and, restricted to galactic binaries, it is the subject of this PhD. The advantage of this kind of wave is that they are the best compromise between a general enough template for its waveform to be representative and a relative simplicity allowing us to design an original data analysis method for its parameters estimation. This method is based in the comprehension of the wave model, Lisa geometry, and the shape of the parameters space. Our methods consists in six consecutive computing steps, starting from the most obvious parameters (ecliptic latitude and longitude, polarization) to the most inherent parameters (orbital, inclination, amplitude). These six steps are : low frequency heterodyne detection of the signal carrier wave, envelope extraction (amplitude modulation containing the source parameters), after low passing the signal, sweeping of the least mean squares space with dynamic triangular mesh, resolution of Lisa main ambiguity thanks to Lisa Doppler effect, convergence and optimization step with BFGS algorithm (quasi-Newton), and amplitude estimation. Statistical studies we have then led let us first to check the reliability of our method and its noise-prove, then to quantify the exactness reached on the angular location parameters. We also check some symmetries of the system, Lisa sensitivity isotropy, and the parameters non-correlation
Bunel, Philippe. "Système d'aide à la quantification de paramètres physiologiques par analyse de séquences d'images échocardiographies." Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120001.
Bahar, Ramdane. "Analyse numérique de l'essai pressiométrique : application à l'identification de paramètres de comportement des sols." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECDL0052.
Zhou, Tianyou. "Analyse de vitesse par migration : choix des paramètres utilisateurs et introduction des ondes transmises." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM046.
Seismic imaging is the technique used to determine the structures of the subsurface from seismic signals. One of the most important parameters is the velocity model, that can be split into the macromodel controlling the kinematics of wave propagation and velocity perturbations. Migration builds the image of velocity perturbation for a given macromodel. Migration Velocity Analysis estimates the quality of the macromodel with an objective function measuring the focusing in the image domain. The gradient of this objective function with respect to the macromodel allows to find the optimal macromodel in an iterative way. The method has been improved recently by replacing the migration operator by the asymptotic inverse in the subsurface offset domain. In this thesis, we show that the quality of the gradient is sensitive to the user parameters. We provide practical guidelines to ensure proper gradient. These guidelines are applied to the synthetic Marmousi model. Recent developments propose to take into account the transmitted waves. We compare different strategies for combining the two different kinds of waves and recommend to apply a separate workflow. We apply the method to a marine real data set provided by Total. We propose a two-step workflow: after a first try of several iterations, we adjust the parameters and restart the iterations
Mourra, Najat. "Analyse des paramètres génétiques de la survenue de métastases hépatiques dans les cancers rectocoliques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX20695.
The metabolic syndrome includes a constellation of interrelated factors of metabolic origin which are associated with increased risk cardiovascular disease: insulin-resistance, high glucose, hypertriglyceridemia, high blood pressure and overweight/obesity. The human intervention study LIPGENE was led in a multicentric cohort of 486 volunteers with metabolic syndrome defined by the NCEP-ATPIII criteria. The principal aim is to determine the relative efficacy of reducing dietary SFA consumption, by altering the quality and the quantity of dietary fat, on multiple metabolic and molecular risk factors of the metabolic syndrome. Volunteers were randomly assigned to one of four diets distinct in fat quantity and quality: high-SFA, high-MUFA and two low-fat diets, one supplemented with long chain n-3 PUFA for 12 weeks. Volunteers from eight centres across Europe completed the dietary intervention. Results indicated that compositional targets were largely achieved. A robust, flexible food exchange model was developed and implemented successfully in the LIPGENE pan European intervention study. After the nutritional intervention we observed that the habitual dietary fat composition had a profound effect on markers of insulin sensitivity. We found a hypotriglyceridemic effect of the low fat high carbohydrate diet supplemented with long chain n-3 PUFA. The lipidic profiles of the volunteers were affected by the low fat-high carbohydrate diets. Inflammatory, oxidative stress and fibrinolysis markers were not changed after the nutritional intervention. Ancillary studies were conducted in a Mediterranean sub-cohort. One of them concerned the quantification of circulating microparticles to assess the endothelial dysfunction. We showed that increased levels of various types of microparticles were associated with the mild metabolic abnormalities of MetS and with oxidative stress
Perret, Yannick. "Suivi de paramètres de modèle géométriques à partir de séquences vidéo multi-vues." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10276.
Carcano, Didier. "Texture du yaourt brassé : caractérisation et influence de paramètres bio-technologiques." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10126.
Goulet, Marie-Josée. "Analyse d'évaluations en résumé automatique : proposition d'une terminologie française, description des paramètres expérimentaux et recommandations." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25346/25346.pdf.
Ben, Elechi Slim. "Analyse et conception rapides de paramètres du procédé d'emboutissage pour le contrôle du retour élastique." Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1538.
The inverse approach is an original method developed at UTC since 1990. Ln this study we introduce a new modification to the method called "Itnproved Inverse Approach" (lIA). This new approach has showen to be very efficient for the evaluation of stress distribution in the zone between the blank and the die wich has a great effect on the springback results. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the fast springback simulation after the removal of tools at the end of the stamping process. A coupling of our numerical simulation between a deep drawing software code called REFORM based on the lIA, with an incremental code called REFLEX based on the Updated Lagrangian Formulation for the fast and automatic simulation of the springback. The last p. Art of our work is dedicated to the optimization of the deep drawing process parameters in order to reduce the springback after the removal of tools at the end of forming
Gitosusastro, Santosa. "Analyse de sensibilité et optimisation par rapport aux paramètres de construction dans des systèmes électromagnétiques." Grenoble INPG, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPG0061.
Ayoub, Houssein. "Prolifération des cellules T dans des conditions lymphopéniques : modélisation, estimation des paramètres et analyse mathématique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0059/document.
T lymphocytes are a fundamental component of the immune system that can recognise and respond to foreign antigens by virtue of their clonally expressed T cell antigen receptor (TCR). T cells that have yet to encounter the antigen they recognise are termed 'naive' as they have not been activated to respond. Homeostatic mechanisms maintain the number of T cells at an approximately constant level by controling cell division and death. In normal replete hosts, cell turnover within the naive compartment is very low and naive cells are maintained in a resting state.However, disruption of the homeostatic balance can arise from a wide variety of causes (viral infection (e.g. HIV), or drugs used in peritransplant induction therapy or cancer chemotherapy) and can result in T cell deciency or T lymphopenia. Under conditions of T lymphopenia, naive T cells undergo cell division with a subtle change in the cell surface phenotype (CD44 expression), termed homeostatic proliferation or lymphopenia induced proliferation (LIP). In this thesis, our purpose is to understand the process of T cell homeostatic through mathematical approach. At first, we build a new model that describes the proliferation of T cells in vitro under lymphopenic conditions. Our nonlinear model is composed of ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations structured by age (maturity of cell) and CD44 expression. To better understand the homeostasis of T cells, we identify the parameters that define T cell division by using experimental data. Next, we consider an age-structured model system describing the T cell homeostatic in vivo, and we investigate its asymptotic behaviour. Finally, an optimal strategy is applied in the in vivo model to rebuild immunity under conditions of T lympopenia
Rivera, Villagra Diego. "Analyse et influence des paramètres d’affaires sur la qualité d’expérience des services Over-The-Top." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLL004/document.
At a time when the Internet has become the de facto platform for delivering value, the new multimedia providers took advantage of this opportunity to define Over-The-Top (OTT) services. Considering that Internet is not a reliable distribution network, it is necessary to ensure high levels of Quality of Experience (QoE) and revenues for Internet Service Providers (ISP) and OTTs. The work presented in this dissertation goes beyond the state of the art by providing a solution having this goal in mind. The main contributions presented here can be summarized in four main points.First, the inclusion of business-model related parameters in the QoE analysis required a new framework for calculating the QoE of an OTT service.This framework is based on the Extended Finite States Machine (EFSM) mathematical formalism, which takes advantage of two features of the EFSMs: (1) the traces of the machines that keep track of the user's decisions and; (2) the context variables used as quality indicators, correlated later with the QoE.The second contribution is the design and the implementation of two algorithms. The first computes the $l$-equivalent, a version in the form of a tree of the model that exposes the traces of the machine. The second uses the traces and computes the QoE at the final stages of each trace. Both algorithms can be used to design a monitoring tool that can predict a user’s QoE value. In addition, a concrete implementation is given as an extension of the Montimage Monitoring Tool (MMT).The third contribution presents the validation of the approach, having two objectives in mind. On the one hand, the inclusion of business-model related parameters was validated by determining the impact of such variables on the QoE. On the other hand, the proposed QoE model is validated by the implementation of an OTT emulation platform showing disrupted videos. This implementation is used to obtain QoE values evaluated from real users, values used to derive an appropriate QoE model.The last contribution uses the framework to perform a static analysis of an OTT service. This is done by a third algorithm that computes the amount of configurations contained in the model. By analyzing in advance all the possible scenarios a user can face -- and their respective QoE, the OTT provider can detect flaws in the model and the service from the early stages of development
Rivera, Villagra Diego. "Analyse et influence des paramètres d’affaires sur la qualité d’expérience des services Over-The-Top." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLL004.
At a time when the Internet has become the de facto platform for delivering value, the new multimedia providers took advantage of this opportunity to define Over-The-Top (OTT) services. Considering that Internet is not a reliable distribution network, it is necessary to ensure high levels of Quality of Experience (QoE) and revenues for Internet Service Providers (ISP) and OTTs. The work presented in this dissertation goes beyond the state of the art by providing a solution having this goal in mind. The main contributions presented here can be summarized in four main points.First, the inclusion of business-model related parameters in the QoE analysis required a new framework for calculating the QoE of an OTT service.This framework is based on the Extended Finite States Machine (EFSM) mathematical formalism, which takes advantage of two features of the EFSMs: (1) the traces of the machines that keep track of the user's decisions and; (2) the context variables used as quality indicators, correlated later with the QoE.The second contribution is the design and the implementation of two algorithms. The first computes the l-equivalent, a version in the form of a tree of the model that exposes the traces of the machine. The second uses the traces and computes the QoE at the final stages of each trace. Both algorithms can be used to design a monitoring tool that can predict a user’s QoE value. In addition, a concrete implementation is given as an extension of the Montimage Monitoring Tool (MMT).The third contribution presents the validation of the approach, having two objectives in mind. On the one hand, the inclusion of business-model related parameters was validated by determining the impact of such variables on the QoE. On the other hand, the proposed QoE model is validated by the implementation of an OTT emulation platform showing disrupted videos. This implementation is used to obtain QoE values evaluated from real users, values used to derive an appropriate QoE model.The last contribution uses the framework to perform a static analysis of an OTT service. This is done by a third algorithm that computes the amount of configurations contained in the model. By analyzing in advance all the possible scenarios a user can face -- and their respective QoE, the OTT provider can detect flaws in the model and the service from the early stages of development
Robert-Pélissier, Vincent. "Astrométrie des satellites naturels : analyse d'observations anciennes pour l'amélioration des paramètres dynamiques des systèmes planétaires." Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00690338.
Robert-Pélissier, Vincent. "Astrométrie des satellites naturels : analyse d'observations anciennes pour l'amélioration des paramètres dynamiques des systèmes planétaires." Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2011. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00690338.
The current study deals with the astrometric reduction of old photographic plates : we observe in the past. The main objective is to demonstrate that it is now possible to provide high-precise astrometric positions, by reducing a new time old photographic observations. We used photographic plates of the Galilean satellites taken at the McCormick Observatory between 1967 and 1998, and resulting in 2650 observations. Of course we had to create a complete procedure of analysis. We first digitized the entire plates archive with taking care of process itself, not to decrease the accuracy at this point. Then we created a procedure in order to provide astrometric positions. Softwares we developed to identify, extract and correct the positions, from the digitizations. A new astrometric reduction method by linking the stars was especially developed for the photographic plates analysis to determine high-precise (RA,Dec) astrometric positions and intersatellite positions of the Galilean satellites. We also corrected the data for various instrumental and spherical effects, such as the coma-magnetude effect or the total astmospheric refraction, due to the small number of reference stars available. For the first time with these plates, we were able to provide ICRS (Ra,Dec) astrometric positions, while only relative positions could be calculated. For the Jovian system, we now provide an accuracy about 75 mas for (RA,Dec) positions, and about of 36 mas for intersatellite positions. Note that the previous accuracy was about of 90 mas and only for intersatellite positions. More, the observations provide satellite positions and Jupiter positions too. Thus we used these results to compare star catalogs, Galilean and planetary ephemerides. They were also used to fit the last Galilean ephemeris provided by the IMCCE, with the observations
David, Anne. "Influence des paramètres hydroclimatologiques sur les déplacements verticaux du radon-222 en zone non-saturée." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066109.
Ruggiero, Michèle. "Analyse semi-paramétrique des modèles de durées : l'apport des méthodes bayésiennes." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX24008.
We propose a semiparametric analysis of duration models. In this special class of regression models, the dependant variable is the time spent by a person in a particular state - the duration of an unemployment spell for instance - and the explanatory variables are the personal characteristics of this person. The semiparametric analysis of these models consists in specifying the relation between the duration and the explanatory variables (duration is supposed to be a specified function of the explanatory variables, depending on a finite number of unknown parameters) without specifying the data distribution. The parameters involved in this relation are then considered as parameters of interest, and the data distribution is a nuisance parameter. The thesis begins with a survey of nonbayesian semiparametric methods of estimation; it seems that these methods fail in discarding the nuisance data distribution. We then suggest a bayesian method, the principle of which is to give a prior distribution on the nuisance parameter - the data distribution. We then get semiparametric estimators for the parameters of interest, by computing their posterior distribution, conditional on the data and integrated with respect to the nuisance parameter. The thesis ends with a simulation, to check the robustness of the estimators we propose
Gallard, Emeric. "Analyse et planification opératoire en chirurgie de la scoliose idiopathique." Paris, ENSAM, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENAM0015.
Bobo, Marie-Sylvie. "Génomes et chromosomes des blés (triticum SP. ) impliqués dans l'expression de paramètres photochimiques de la photosynthèse." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT016A.
Leisen, Mathieu. "Analyse chimique des inclusions fluides par ablation laser couplée à l’ICP-MS et applications géochimiques." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10149/document.
The study of paleofluids by using fluid inclusions analysis is an important challenge in geochemistry. The LA-ICPMS technique allows enlarging the field of possibilities by determining the cationic content in fluid inclusions. Three aims, with LA-ICPMS as the thesis centre, are developed here: (i) the calibration of LA-ICPMS associated with a work on chimiometry give the possibility of this analytical technique and experimental protocol adapted; (ii) The development of a calculation method based on Pitzer’s themodynamic model. The quantification of cationic content (trace and major elements) is improved. In parallel, a software is developed to facilitate the processing of raw signal, (iii) the study of different targets is made. The Cl/Br concentration ratios are used to get information of the fluids origin. Then, a analysis on four different natural targets linked with silver deposits is realized. The last point is the feasabilty of the determination of rare earth element in fluid inclusion of Mac Arthur River (Uranium deposit, Canada)