Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analyse de grands systèmes'
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Mallem, Badis. "Modélisation, analyse et commande des grands systèmes électriques interconnectés." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557829.
Full textLamarche-Perrin, Robin. "Analyse macroscopique des grands systèmes : émergence épistémique et agrégation spatio-temporelle." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933186.
Full textCuerrier, Alain. "Analyse quantitative et qualitative des grands systèmes de classification des plantes à fleurs." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ32607.pdf.
Full textEmeras, Joseph. "Analyse et rejeu de traces de charge dans les grands systèmes de calcul distribués." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00940055.
Full textDeclerck, Philippe. "Analyse structurale et fonctionnelle des grands systèmes : applications à une centrale PWR 900 MW." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10153.
Full textTroubnikoff, Alexis. "Résolution numérique pour l'analyse quantitative de grands systèmes à événements discrets." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002VERS016V.
Full textTaïani, François. "Programmation des grands systèmes distribués: quelques mécanismes, abstractions, et outils." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00643729.
Full textFippo, Fitime Louis. "Modélisation hybride, analyse et vérification quantitative des grands réseaux de régulation biologique." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECDN0016.
Full textBiological Regulatory Networks (BRNs) are usually used in systems biology for modelling, understanding and controlling the dynamics of different biological functions (differentiation, proliferation, proteins synthesis, apoptose) inside cells. Those networks are enhanced with experimental data that are nowadays more available which give an idea on the dynamics of BRNs components. Formal analysis of such models fails in front of the combinatorial explosion of generated behaviours despite the fact that BRNs provide abstract representation of biological systems. This thesis handles hybrid modelling, the simulation, the formal verification and control of Large Biological Regulatory Networks. This modelling is done thanks to stochastic automata networks, thereafter to Process Hitting by integrating time-series data. Firstly, this thesis proposes a refining of the dynamics by estimation of stochastic and temporal (delay) parameters from time-series data and integration of those parameters in automata networks models. This integration allows the parametrisation of the transitions between the states of the system. Then, a statistical analysis of the traces of the stochastic simulation is proposed to compare the dynamics of simulations with the experimental data. Secondly, this thesis develops static analysis by abstract interpretation in the automata networks allowing efficient under- and over-approximation of quantitative (probability and delay) reachability properties. This analysis enables to highlight the critical components to satisfy these properties. Finally, taking advantage from the previous developed static analyses for the reachability properties in the qualitative point of view, and from the power of logic programming (Answer Set Programming), this thesis addresses the domain of control of system by proposing the identification of bifurcation transitions. Bifurcations are transitions after which the system can no longer reach a state that was previously reachable
Laib, Khaled. "Analyse hiérarchisée de la robustesse des systèmes incertains de grande dimension." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEC027/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis concerns robustness analysis (stability and performance) of uncertain large scale systems with hierarchical structure. These systems are obtained by interconnecting several uncertain sub-systems through a hierarchical topology. Robustness analysis of these systems is a two aspect problem: robustness and large scale. The efficient resolution of this problem using usual approaches is difficult, even impossible, due to the high complexity and the large size of the associated optimization problem. The consequence of this complexity is an important increase of the computation time required to solve this optimization problem. In order to reduce this computation time, the existing results in the literature focus on particular classes of uncertain linear large scale systems. Furthermore, the hierarchical structure of the large scale system is not taken into account, which means, from our point of view, that these results have several limitations on different levels. Our objective is to exploit the hierarchical structure to obtain a set of small scale size optimization problems instead of one large scale optimization problem which will result in an important decrease in the computation time. Furthermore, another advantage of this approach is the possibility of solving these small scale optimization problems in the same time using parallel computing. In order to take into account the hierarchical structure, we model the uncertain large scale system as the interconnection of uncertain sub-systems which themselves are the interconnection of other uncertain sub-systems, etc.. This recursive modelling is performed at several hierarchical levels. In order to reduce the representation complexity of uncertain systems, we construct a basis of dissipativity properties for each uncertain sub-system at each hierarchical level. This basis contains several elements which characterize different useful information about uncertain system behaviour. Examples of such characterizations are: uncertain phase characterization, uncertain gain characterization, etc.. Obtaining each of these elements is relaxed as convex or quasi-convex optimization problem under LMI constraints. Robustness analysis of uncertain large scale systems is then performed in a hierarchical way by propagating these dissipativity property bases from one hierarchical level to another. We propose two hierarchical analysis algorithms which allow to reduce the computation time required to perform the robustness analysis of the large scale systems. Another key point of these algorithms is the possibility to be performed in parallel at each hierarchical level. The advantage of performing robustness analysis in parallel is an important decrease of the required computation time. Finally and within the same context of robustness analysis of uncertain large scale systems, we are interested in robustness analysis of power networks and more precisely in "the uncertain power flow analysis in distribution networks". The renewable energy resources such as solar panels and wind turbines are influenced by many factors: wind, solar irradiance, etc.. Therefore, the power generated by these resources is intermittent, variable and difficult to predict. The integration of such resources in power networks will influence the network performances by introducing uncertainties on the different network voltages. The analysis of the impact of power uncertainties on the voltages is called "uncertain power flow analysis". Obtaining the boundaries for the different modulus of these voltages is formulated as a convex optimization problem under LMI constraints
Pappa, Anna. "START, analyse syntaxique automatique de surface sur grand corpus en français." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082313.
Full textOur research study presents a rule-based system of shallow parsing : START (System of Textual Analysis Recognition and Tagging) extracts form constituents such as noun and verb phrases from unrestricted untagged french corpora and proceeds in a partially grammatical tagging. The method is based on the distributional analysis of the grammatical words (such as articles, pronouns, negation) which are used as "noyau" for the rules. The rules are based on statistics about grammatical words' distribution in large corpora. The system produces the following : recognition of phrases (disambiguation of punctuation), recognition and extraction of nominal and verbal groups, tagging partially terms of the extracted constituents, disambiguation of french definite article / personal pronoun ambiguity, creation of a dictionary with tagged words in flexional form. Tested accuracy exceeds 92% of precision for NP and VP. The low error rate less than 1% gives us the possibility to automatically annotate corpora
Delefosse, Thierry. "Stratégies de recherche d'Informations émergentes pour la compréhension de grands volumes documentaires numérisées : application à la sécurité des systèmes d'information." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0224.
Full textZhang, Ye. "Méthodes itératives hybrides asynchrones sur plateformes de calcul hétérogènes pour la résolution accélérée de grands systèmes linéaires." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10129/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we have studied an effective parallel hybrid method of solving linear systems, GMRES / LS-Arnoldi, which accelerates the convergence through knowledge of some eigenvalues calculated in paralled by the Arnoldi method in real cases. The asynchronous nature of this method has the advantage of working with a heterogeneous architecture. A study in complex cases is also done by transforming the complex matrix into a real matrix of double dimension. We have implemented our hybrid GMRES method and the general GMRES method on three different types of hardware platforms. They are respectively the IBM SP series supercomputer, a typically centralized hardware platform; Grid5000, a fully distributed hardware platform, and the Tsubame (Tokyo-tech Supercomputer and Ubiquitously Accessible Massstorage Environment) supercomputer, where some nodes are equipped with an accelerator card. We have tested the performance of general GMRES and hybrid GMRES on these three platforms, observing the influence of various parameters for the performance. A number of meaningful results have been obtained; we can not only improve the performance of parallel computing but also specify the direction of our future efforts
Kluth, Gilles. "Analyse mathématique et numérique de systèmes hyperélastiques et introduction de la plasticité." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066459.
Full textBelghache, Elhadi. "AMAS4BigData : analyse dynamique de grandes masses de données par systèmes multi-agents adaptatifs." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30149.
Full textUnderstanding data is the main purpose of data science and how to achieve it is one of the challenges of data science, especially when dealing with big data. The big data era brought us new data processing and data management challenges to face. Existing state-of-the-art analytics tools come now close to handle ongoing challenges and provide satisfactory results with reasonable cost. But the speed at which new data is generated and the need to manage changes in data both for content and structure lead to new rising challenges. This is especially true in the context of complex systems with strong dynamics, as in for instance large scale ambient systems. One existing technology that has been shown as particularly relevant for modeling, simulating and solving problems in complex systems are Multi-Agent Systems. The AMAS (Adaptive Multi-Agent Systems) theory proposes to solve complex problems for which there is no known algorithmic solution by self-organization. The cooperative behavior of the agents enables the system to self-adapt to a dynamical environment so as to maintain the system in a functionality adequate state. In this thesis, we apply this theory to Big Data Analytics. In order to find meaning and relevant information drowned in the data flood, while overcoming big data challenges, a novel analytic tool is needed, able to continuously find relations between data, evaluate them and detect their changes and evolution over time. The aim of this thesis is to present the AMAS4BigData analytics framework based on the Adaptive Multi-agent systems technology, which uses a new data similarity metric, the Dynamics Correlation, for dynamic data relations discovery and dynamic display. This framework is currently being applied in the neOCampus operation, the ambient campus of the University Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier
Belhocine, Mohamed. "Modélisation et analyse structurelle du fonctionnement dynamique des systèmes électriques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN047/document.
Full textThis thesis was motivated by the need to better understand the connection between the models used in simulation of the power systems dynamics and the phenomena which have to be analyzed or reproduced by the simulation. Indeed, to study and to simulate the behavior of the interconnected power systems, the sophisticated models such as the one of the transmission lines are generally replaced by simple ones. Usually, a dynamic structure of the whole system is not taken into account in a simplification step. As a consequence, experimental validations are generally needed to assess the result of the approximation. For this reason, a structural framework and a systemic viewpoint are proposed to make the solutions more general and more appropriate to the approximation of power systems. First, this allows explaining the link between the distributed parameters model of the transmission lines and the finite dimensional one called π model based on the model reduction. Next, a novel mixed approximation methodology for large-scale dynamic models is proposed which allows one to better rate the dynamics of the system in different situations, and to take into account several practical needs. This methodology is based on a mixture between the modal truncation and the energy of the impulse response so that the dynamical and the physical structures of the system remain unchanged. Moreover, in the context of the automatic control theory, the issue related to a number and a choice of input variables for distributed parameters systems is discussed. To address this issue, an algebraic approach is applied. Here, the main contribution is the detailed study conducted on the basis of the state of the art by which a new way is proposed. Because the issue is not fully solved, more investigations have to be focused on the so called boundary control variables. For practical applications, all the results presented in this study can be exploited to further improve numerical simulations and behavioral studies of large-scale power systems
Girardeau, Pierre. "Résolution de grands problèmes en optimisation stochastique dynamique et synthèse de lois de commande." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00587763.
Full textTaha, Rouba. "La contribution du système d'information à l'innovation organisationnelle : une analyse qualitative des grandes entreprises." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS023S.
Full textOur research aims to explore the interactions between the information system and organizational innovation within large companies, from all sectors. At the first step, we explicit the relationship between information system and organizational innovation based on a theoretical point of view. In a second step, through literature and case studies, we seek to specify these concepts in our field of investigation. Finally and it’s the most importantly, our project aims to clarify how the information system can contribute to organisational innovation within large companies. We want to exceed the traditional perspective focuses on technological innovation as synonymous with progress for the company and show that the use of the information system, beyond its technological dimension, is a vector of innovation organizational, under certain conditions
Carbonnière, Philippe. "Calcul ab-initio de spectres vibrationnels anharmoniques. : Développement méthodologique pour le traitement de systèmes de grande taille." Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU3030.
Full textIn the field of vibrational spectroscopy, the development of ab-initio computational methods and computer technology provide very accurate results for small molecules in order to guide bench scientists in their research. If theoretician chemists are able to provide such informations for small systems, it is less obvious to treat bigger systems (from 5 to 12 atoms) according to the difficulty for obtaining and managing the huge number of required data. Thus, Is it possible to noticeably reduce the great computational cost of vibrational study of larger molecules and provide reliable results at the same time. To give first elements of response, we have carried out methodological developments in the treatment of potential function and in the resolution of anharmonic vibrational problem in order to propose appropriate tools for the treatment of larger systems
Paulevé, Loïc. "Modélisation, Simulation et Vérification des Grands Réseaux de Régulation Biologique." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00635750.
Full textNuentsa, Wakam Désiré. "Parallélisme et robustesse dans les solveurs hybrides pour grands systèmes linéaires : application à l'optimisation en dynamique des fluides." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00690965.
Full textBenmerzoug, Fateh. "Analyse, modélisation et visualisation de données sismiques à grande échelle." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30077.
Full textThe main goal of the oil and gas industry is to locate and extract hydrocarbon resources, mainly petroleum and natural gas. To do this efficiently, numerous seismic measurements are conducted to gather up as much data as possible on terrain or marine surface area of interest. Using a multitude of sensors, seismic data are acquired and processed resulting in large cube-shaped data volumes. These volumes are then used to further compute additional attributes that helps in the understanding of the inner geological and geophysical structure of the earth. The visualization and exploration, called surveys, of these volumes are crucial to understand the structure of the underground and localize natural reservoirs where oil or gas are trapped. Recent advancements in both processing and imaging technologies enables engineers and geoscientists to perform larger seismic surveys. Modern seismic measurements yield large multi-hundred gigabytes of data volumes. The size of the acquired volumes presents a real challenge, both for processing such large volumes as well as their storage and distribution. Thus, data compression is a much- desired feature that helps answering the data size challenge. Another challenging aspect is the visualization of such large volumes. Traditionally, a volume is sliced both vertically and horizontally and visualized by means of 2-dimensional planes. This method necessitates the user having to manually scrolls back and forth be- tween successive slices in order to locate and track interesting geological features. Even though slicing provides a detailed visualization with a clear and concise representation of the physical space, it lacks the depth aspect that can be crucial in the understanding of certain structures. Additionally, the larger the volume gets, the more tedious and repetitive this task can be. A more intuitive approach for visualization is volume rendering. Rendering the seismic data as a volume presents an intuitive and hands on approach. By defining the appropriate color and opacity filters, the user can extract and visualize entire geo-bodies as individual continuous objects in a 3-dimensional space. In this thesis, we present a solution for both the data size and large data visualization challenges. We give an overview of the seismic data and attributes that are present in a typical seismic survey. We present an overview of data compression in a whole, discussing the necessary tools and methods that are used in the industry. A seismic data compression algorithm is then proposed, based on the concept of ex- tended transforms. By employing the GenLOT , Generalized Lapped Orthogonal Trans- forms we derive an appropriate transform filter that decorrelates the seismic data so they can be further quantized and encoded using P-SPECK, our proposed compression algorithm based on block-coding of bit-planes. Furthermore, we proposed a ray-casting out-of-core volume rendering framework that enables the visualization of arbitrarily large seismic cubes. Data are streamed on-demand and rendered using the user provided opacity and color filters, resulting in a fairly easy to use software package
Kabadi, Mohamed Ghassane. "Contribution à la Tolérance aux Défauts des Systèmes Complexes basée sur la Génération de Graphes Causaux." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0048/document.
Full textThe thesis deals with modelling, diagnosis and fault tolerance of large scale processes. It is a part of the European project PAPYRUS (7th FWP). First, the European PAPYRUS project is described with details on the role of each partner through work package descriptions. The positioning of the thesis in this respect is also given. The second part of the thesis is about modelling graphical models for diagnosis purpose; more precisely, graphical causal model is used to highlight the causal links between the different variables of the process. To obtain such a model from data, several methods are proposed based on cross-correlation, entropy transfer and Granger causality. A diagnosis-based approach on the resulting graphical model is then proposed using statistical test and causal model of the process. This approach is illustrated using data from an industrial process and results are validated. The final section addresses fault tolerance based on digraph inferences and reference governor. This approach is illustrated using a MATLAB simulation which has a functional architecture similar to Board Machine 4 of Stora Enso IMATRA in Finland
David, Albert. "Négociation et coopération pour le développement des produits nouveaux au sein d'une grande entreprise industrielle : Analyse critique et rôle des outils d'aide à la décision." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090040.
Full textRivière, Gabriel. "Délocalisation des mesures semi-classiques pour des systèmes dynamiques chaotiques." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2009. http://pastel.paristech.org/5721/01/these-riviere-final.pdf.
Full textYang, Yuan. "Analyse de signaux EEG pour des applications grand-public des interfaces cerveau-machine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0043.
Full textBrain-computer interfaces (BCIs) use signals from the brain to control machines and devices (keyboards , cars, neuro- prostheses) . After several decades of development, modern BCI techniques show a relative maturity compared to the past decades and receive more and more attention in real-world general public applications, in particular in the domain of BCI-based human-computer interactions for healthy people, such as neuro-games. The aim of this thesis is to develop an experimental setup and signal processing algorithms for non-invasive, portable and easy-to-use BCI systems for large public (non-medical) applications. To achieve this goal, a review of the state of the art (existing prototypes and commercial products, experimental setup, algorithms) is first performed to get a full scope and a good understanding in this field. The main contributions of this thesis include: 1) a hybrid BCI paradigm with a few electrodes , 2) dimensionality reduction for multi-channel BCI (with a high number of electrodes ), 3) reduction and selection channel , 4) improved classification for BCI with a few predetermined electrodes. The experimental results show that the methods proposed in this thesis can improve classification performance and / or increase the efficiency of the system ( for example, reduce the learning time, reduce the cost of equipment ) , so as to contribute to BCI for the general applications
Lapon, Jean-Luc. "La contribution de la direction informatique à l'alignement stratégique : une analyse des types de directions informatiques alignées dans les grandes entreprises françaises." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010048.
Full textThis thesis concerns the information system divisions (ISD) contribution to strategic alignment, ie the integration of information technology (IT) in company strategies. It is based on the it strategic nature and on the isd crisis situation, explaining the unsatisfactory contribution to the company objectives, and leading to the central question of this survey : how to improve the ISD contribution to strategic alignment ?. In response, it reposes on the strategic alignment model of venkatraman and henderson, analyzes its weaknesses, its lacks of effectiveness and absence of players and then uses it as a springboard for a field study of 15 great french companies. Two conclusions result : - an evaluation of the ISD contribution position based on five audit variables which allow the identification of unsatisfactory isd contribution positions, described as non aligned ; or on the way to alignment. A tool for monitoring strategic alignment, which answers to three questions : who contributes ?, how to improve the isd contribution ? Which ISD types for a better contribution ?. This monitoring tool includes players who contribute to strategic alignment, executive management ? Operations management, ISD, which tends to displace the traditional responsability of it towards a collective party. It identifies five alignment variables which explain how to improve the isd contribution. It presents an aligned ISD ; typology, resulting from the articulation of players strategies and alignment variables : ISD as service provider ; strategic ; ISD, and ISD as directions executioner. Finally, this thesis proposes as a possible extension, the path to organizational alignment, another road to alignment which stands from core business of operations management
Wallart, Olivier. "Contribution à l'interprétation de scènes vastes par une approche multi-capteurs." Littoral, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DUNK0079.
Full textThis work presents the architecture of the distributed perception system. The system is composed by several vision units analysing the scene from distinct points of view and without recovery. The objectives of the interpretation are the classification and tracking of objects in motorway scenes. The global tracking is carried out by a re-identification of objects perceived by several cameras. The difficulties of the system concern firstly the management of the uncertainty at the re-identification stage, and also the real time constraints of the application. The management of the uncertainty is dealt with an approximate reasoning by using the possibility theory. Real time constraints are taken into account by a distributed and temporal algorithm. Two algorithms of association for object re-identification are developed. The first is based on a dynamic programming algorithm. It decides for a majority of awaited objects independently for each vision unit. For surveillance applications, a temporal fusion approach for association is proposed in order to control the instantaneous quality of each decision over the system
Yang, Yuan. "Analyse de signaux EEG pour des applications grand-public des interfaces cerveau-machine." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0043/document.
Full textBrain-computer interfaces (BCIs) use signals from the brain to control machines and devices (keyboards , cars, neuro- prostheses) . After several decades of development, modern BCI techniques show a relative maturity compared to the past decades and receive more and more attention in real-world general public applications, in particular in the domain of BCI-based human-computer interactions for healthy people, such as neuro-games. The aim of this thesis is to develop an experimental setup and signal processing algorithms for non-invasive, portable and easy-to-use BCI systems for large public (non-medical) applications. To achieve this goal, a review of the state of the art (existing prototypes and commercial products, experimental setup, algorithms) is first performed to get a full scope and a good understanding in this field. The main contributions of this thesis include: 1) a hybrid BCI paradigm with a few electrodes , 2) dimensionality reduction for multi-channel BCI (with a high number of electrodes ), 3) reduction and selection channel , 4) improved classification for BCI with a few predetermined electrodes. The experimental results show that the methods proposed in this thesis can improve classification performance and / or increase the efficiency of the system ( for example, reduce the learning time, reduce the cost of equipment ) , so as to contribute to BCI for the general applications
Emelin, Samuel. "Analyse et intercomparaison des choix techniques majeurs en terme de structures de réseau et de règles d'exploitation parmi les grands distributeurs d'électricité." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT042.
Full textFaced to a context of a global lack of growth in electricity consumption, but with many potential development of new uses, added with the appearance of more and more dispersed generation, the main French distribution grid utility needs to question and compare its choicesconcerning grid structure and exploitation practices. Grid building principles have a greatimpact over its capacity to integrate at low cost consumption and production facilities, whilemeeting society needs, mainly continuity of supply. This work allows to compare thosetechnical choices between France and other countries, to determine where French utilitystands and what are its specific features in a worldwide technical environment.After setting a perspective about uses and production development, mainly on the basis of French legislation, the overall distribution grid architecture is described. Functional differences in structure choices in the world are then analysed, their consequences in thesizing of equipments is underlined. Then the equilibrium between voltage levels is questioned,as the effect of territorial features on the grid. Finally, new technical choices are proposed after advantages and drawbacks analysis of existing world grids
Nabil, Lamrani. "Dynamique et microphysique des systèmes convectifs de l'Afrique de l'Ouest : Une analyse d'une ligne de grains par radar Doppler polarimétrique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00358206.
Full textLa phase de préparation de cette campagne a été l'occasion de proposer une solution au problème posé par un réseau de radar Doppler monostatique-bistatique : la contamination des données bistatiques par les lobes secondaires de la fonction d'antenne du radar monostatique. Cette solution basée sur l'analyse variationnelle permet de s'affranchir du rejet systématique de données bistatiques contaminées, pratiqué jusqu'alors. Testée avec des données synthétiques, puis réelles, cette méthode permet d'utiliser l'ensemble des données échantillonnées et donc d'assurer des restitutions 3D de champs de vent sur des domaines plus importants avec des méthodes Dual-Doppler classiques.
Durant la campagne, le récepteur bistatique n'a pas fonctionné, et, seul le radar RONSARD a assuré une acquisition de mesures exploitables sur le nord du Bénin. Aussi, l'étude de la ligne de grains du 28 juillet 2006, qui fait suite à la phase expérimentale, sera principalement basée sur ces données. La dynamique et la microphysique de ce système ont pu être détaillées à l'échelle convective et à la mésoéchelle. Sa dynamique, comparable à des études antérieures sur le même thème, nous a permis en la comparant à sa distribution particulaire de mieux comprendre les processus microphysiques mis en jeu dans les différentes régions d'intérêt. Les restitutions microphysiques sont cohérentes avec les descriptions de la dynamique du système avec une évidente organisation des classes d'hydrométéores de la phase liquide en pluie fine, modérée et forte dans la partie convective, et en pluie fine à modérée dans la partie stratiforme. A proximité de l'isotherme 0°C, une couche de mélange composée de neige mouillée a été identifiée. Concernant la région convective, la phase solide nous a montré une structure mixte de neige roulée et de grêle, piégée dans un environnement de cristaux de glace et de neige sèche. La fonte des particules solides et la coalescence de particules fines de pluie contribuent au renforcement des précipitations en pluie moyenne. A la mésoéchelle, l'analyse composite a fait apparaître le lien entre les panaches de mélange de neige roulée et de grêle avec le renforcement de la pluie moyenne ainsi que le rôle joué par l'évaporation sous la partie stratiforme de la ligne de grains.
Lamrani, Nabil. "Dynamique et microphysique des systèmes convectifs de l'Afrique de l'ouest : une analyse d'une ligne de grains par radar doppler polarimétrique." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/448/.
Full textDuring the AMMA international project, aimed to observe the variability of the West African Monsoon, the C-band polarimetric Doppler radar RONSARD and a bistatic receiver have been deployed in northern Benin during summer 2006 in order to document dynamics and microphysics of monsoon-related convective systems. The preparation phase of this campaign gave us an opportunity to examine and to propose a solution to the problem involved in a monostatic-bistatic Doppler radar network: the sidelobe contamination of bistatic measurements by the monostatic radar antenna gain. This solution based on variational analysis, proposes an alternative solution to the forced rejection of bistatic Doppler data so far considered. Tests with synthetic and real data are performed and this method allow us to use the complete sampled dataset in order to retrieve 3D wind fields on more important domains, using classical dual-Doppler methods. During the campaign, the bistatic receiver did not work and only the RONSARD radar provided exploitable measurements on northern Benin. In particular, the RONSARD data collected within the 28th July 2006 squall line were used to document the dynamics and microphysics at convective scale and mesoscale in this study. Dynamics, comparable to those from previous studies, and hydrometeor distribution allow us to better understand the microphysical processes involved in different regions of interest. .
Amestoy, Patrick. "Factorisation de grandes matrices creuses non symétriques basée sur une méthode multifrontale dans un environnement multiprocesseur." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT050H.
Full textLewin, Mathieu. "Systèmes quantiques à grand nombre de particules :une perspective mathématique et numérique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00394205.
Full textUne première partie contient quelques résultats pour des systèmes finis. Nous étudions des approximations de l'équation de Schrödinger pour N électrons dans une molécule ou un atome, puis le modèle de Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov pour un système de fermions interagissant avec une force de type gravitationnelle.
Dans une seconde partie nous proposons une nouvelle méthode pour démontrer l'existence de la limite thermodynamique pour des systèmes quantiques interagissant avec la force de Coulomb.
Ensuite, nous construisons deux modèles de type Hartree-Fock pour des systèmes infinis. Le premier est un modèle relativiste, déduit de l'électrodynamique quantique, et qui permet de décrire le comportement d'électrons, couplés avec celui du vide de Dirac qui peut se polariser. Le second modèle décrit l'état d'un cristal non relativiste en présence d'un défaut chargé ; il est complété par une nouvelle approche numérique.
La dernière partie du mémoire est consacrée au problème de pollution spectrale, un phénomène observé lorsque l'on cherche à calculer des valeurs propres au milieu du spectre essentiel, par exemple pour des opérateurs de Dirac ou de Schrödinger périodique.
Hamdi-Larbi, Olfa. "Etude de la distribution, sur système à grande échelle, de calcul numérique traitant des matrices creuses compressées." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0018.
Full textSeveral scientific applications often use kernels performing computations on large sparse matrices. For reasons of efficiency in time and space, specific compression formats are used for storing such matrices. Most of sparse scientific computations address sparse linear algebra problems. Here two fundamental problems are often considered i. E. Linear systems resolution (LSR) and matrix eigen-values/vector computation (EVC). In this thesis, we address the problem of distributing, onto a Large Scale Distributed System (LSDS), computations performed in iterative methods for both LSR and EVC. The sparse matrix-vector product (SMVP) constitutes a basic kernel in such iterative mathods. Thus, our problem reduces to the SMVP distribution study on an LSDS. In principle, three phases are required for achieving this kind of applications, namely, pre -processing, processing and post-processing. In phase 1, we first proceed to the optimization of four versions of the SMVP algorithm corresponding to four specific matrix compressing formats, then study their performances on sequential target machines. In addition, we focus on the study of load balancing in the procedure of data (i. E. The sparse matrix rows) distribution on a LSDS. Concerning the processing phase, it consists in validating the previous study by a series of experimentations achieved on a volunteer distributed system we installed through using XtremWeb-CH middleware. As to the post-processing phase, it consists in interpreting the experimental results previously obtained in order to deduce adequate conclusions
Chevalier, Jérôme-Alexis. "Statistical control of sparse models in high dimension." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASG051.
Full textIn this thesis, we focus on the multivariate inference problem in the context of high-dimensional structured data. More precisely, given a set of explanatory variables (features) and a target, we aim at recovering the features that are predictive conditionally to others, i.e., recovering the support of a linear predictive model. We concentrate on methods that come with statistical guarantees since we want to have a control on the occurrence of false discoveries. This is relevant to inference problems on high-resolution images, where one aims at pixel- or voxel-level analysis, e.g., in neuroimaging, astronomy, but also in other settings where features have a spatial structure, e.g., in genomics. In such settings, existing procedures are not helpful for support recovery since they lack power and are generally not tractable. The problem is then hard both from the statistical modeling point of view, and from a computation perspective. In these settings, feature values typically reflect the underlying spatial structure, which can thus be leveraged for inference. For example, in neuroimaging, a brain image has a 3D representation and a given voxel is highly correlated with its neighbors. We notably propose the ensemble of clustered desparsified Lasso (ecd-Lasso) estimator that combines three steps: i) a spatially constrained clustering procedure that reduces the problem dimension while taking into account data structure, ii) the desparsified Lasso (d-Lasso) statistical inference procedure that is tractable on reduced versions of the original problem, and iii) an ensembling method that aggregates the solutions of different compressed versions of the problem to avoid relying on only one arbitrary data clustering choice. We consider new ways to control the occurrence of false discoveries with a given spatial tolerance. This control is well adapted to spatially structured data. In this work, we focus on neuroimaging datasets but the methods that we present can be adapted to other fields which share similar setups
Louf, Baptiste. "Cartes de grand genre : de la hiérarchie KP aux limites probabilistes." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7020.
Full textThis thesis focuses on combinatorial maps, which are defined as embeddings of graphs on surfaces, or equivalently as gluing of polygons. The genus g of the map is defined as the number of handles of the surface on which it is embedded.In addition to being combinatorial objects, the maps can be represented as factorizations of permutations, which also makes them algebraic objects, which one can study in particular thanks to the representation theory of the symmetric group. In particular, these algebraic properties of maps mean that their generating series satisfies the KP hierarchy (and its generalization, the 2-Toda hierarchy). The KP hierarchy is an infinite set of partial differential equations in an infinity of variables. The partial differential equations of the KP hierarchy are then translated into recurrence formulas which make it possible to enumerate maps of any genus.On the other hand, it is interesting to study the geometric properties of maps, and in particular very large random maps. Many works have focused on the geometrical properties of planar maps, ie of genus 0. In this thesis, we study maps of large genus, that is to say whose genus tends towards infinity at the same time as the size of the map. What will particularly interest us is the notion of local limit, which describes the law of the neighborhood of a particular point (the root) of large uniform random maps.The first part of this thesis (Chapters 1 to 3) is an introduction to all the necessary concepts: maps, of course, but also the KP hierarchy and local limits. In a second part (Chapters 4 and 5), we will seek to deepen the relationship between maps and KP hierarchy, either by explaining existing formulas by combinatorial constructions, or by discovering new formulas. The third part (Chapters 6 and 7) focuses on the study of the local limits of large maps, using in particular the results obtained from the KP hier-archy. Finally the manuscript ends with some open problems (Chapter 8)
Gilbert, Frédéric. "Méthodes et modèles pour la visualisation de grandes masses de données multidimensionnelles nominatives dynamiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14498/document.
Full textSince ten years, informations visualization domain knows a real interest.Recently, with the growing of communications, the research on social networks analysis becomes strongly active. In this thesis, we present results on dynamic social networks analysis. That means that we take into account the temporal aspect of data. We were particularly interested in communities extraction within networks and their evolutions through time. [...]
Mercier, Lucas. "Grands graphes et grands arbres aléatoires : analyse du comportement asymptotique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0028/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the study of the asymptotic behavior of some large random graphs and trees. First is studied a random graph model introduced by Bo Söderberg in 2002. One chapter of this manuscript is devoted to the study of the asymptotic behavior of the size of the connected components near the critical window, linking it to the lengths of excursion of a Brownian motion with parabolic drift. The next chapter talks about a random graph process suggested by Itai Benjamini, defined as follows: edges are independently added at a fixe rate. Whenever a vertex reaches degree k, all adjacent edges are removed. This process is non-increasing, preventing the use of some commonly used methods. By using local limits, in the spirit of the PWIT, we were able to prove the presence (resp. absence) of a giant component at some stages of the process when k>=5 (resp. k<=3). In the case k=4, these results allows to link the presence (resp. absence) of a giant component to the supercriticality (resp. criticality or subcriticality) of an associated branching process. In the last chapter, the height of random Lyndon tree is studied, and is proven to be approximately c ln n, in which c=5.092... the solution of an optimization problem. To obtain this result, we couple the Lyndon tree with a Yule tree, then studied with the help of branching walks and large deviations
Coupechoux, Emilie. "Analyse de grands graphes aléatoires." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077184.
Full textSeveral kinds of real-world networks can be represented by graphs. Since such networks are very large, their detailed topology is generally unknown, and we model them by large random graphs having the same local statistical properties as the observed networks. An example of such properties is the fact that real-world networks are often highly clustered : if two individuals have a friend in common, they are likely to also be each other's friends. Studying random graph models that are both appropriate and tractable from a mathematical point of view is challenging, that is why we consider several clustered random graph models. The spread of epidemics in random graphs can be used to model several kinds of phenomena in real-world networks, as the spread of diseases, or the diffusion of a new technology. The epidemic model we consider depends on the phenomenon we wish to represent :. An individual can contract a disease by a single contact with any of his friends (such contacts being independent),. But a new technology is likely to be adopted by an individual if many of his friends already have the technology in question. We essentially study these two cases. In each case, one wants to know if a small proportion of the population initially infected (or having the technology in question) can propagate the epidemic to a large part of the population
Jego, Guillaume. "Influence des activités agricoles sur la pollution nitrique des eaux souterraines : analyse par modélisation des impacts des systèmes de grande culture sur les fuites de nitrate dans les plaines alluviales." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/469/.
Full textIt is now, well recognized that agricultural activities are responsible for an important part of the groundwater nitrate pollution. The case of the alluvial plains is particularly interesting because they associate the presence of a rich and deep soil, very favourable to the agriculture, and shallow alluvial groundwater. In this work we are interested in two types of alluvial plain. The alluvial plain of the Alegria River (Pays-Basque, Spain) represent the case of an alluvial plain with a small river. The recharge of the aquifer is mainly made by the infiltration and the percolation of the water through the not saturated zone of the soil. In such situation the nitrate leaching under the agricultural plots influences significantly the groundwater nitrate concentrations. The modelling of two crops (a potato crop in 1993 and a sugar beet crop in 2002) with the model the STICS soil-crop allowed on one hand to confirm that the agricultural practices had a significant impact on the evolution of the groundwater nitrate concentrations, and on the other hand to explain partially the decrease of the concentrations which was observed between the studies (between 1993 and 2002). The alluvial plain of the Garonne corresponds to a situation where the groundwater solutes concentrations are influenced by the exchanges between not saturated zone and the groundwater but also by the exchanges between groundwater and river. The coupling of the STICS model outputs (drainage and concentration in nitrate) with the hydro-biogeochemical model 2SWEM allowed to simulate these two types of interactions, and so, on one hand to explain the spatial distribution of the groundwater nitrate concentrations, and on the other hand to estimate the impact of modifications of the agricultural practices on these concentrations (notably the effect of the catch crop)
Mor, Elsa. "La transition énergétique urbaine : vers une reconfiguration multi- niveaux des systèmes de gouvernance et des systèmes énergétiques ? : Deux études de cas contrastées : Bristol (Royaume-Uni) et Munich (Allemagne)." Thesis, Le Mans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEMA3010/document.
Full textThe PhD addresses the processes of urban energy transition and their multi-level dimension. Given that these processes cannot be considered independently from the local context in which they apply and that they are built in interaction with the other levels of action, understanding them calls for a multi-level analysis to shed light the articulations between the different scales of decision and action. The first part shows that the systemic and cross-cutting nature of the climate-energy issues makes governance processes more complex and contributes to their reorganization at all scales of action by questioning the standard conceptual frameworks and disciplinary fields. The second and third parts develop mixed case studies, Munich and Bristol. This analysis reveals a contrast in the transition models, between Bristol, which favors a strategy of decentralization and energy resilience supported by the municipality, the energy communities and the industrial actors, and Munich, which adopts a strategy organized around the relocation of electricity generation and the internationalization of activities of the municipal energy company (SWM) – 7th largest German producer. A reversal of the dynamics and national models of energy is paradoxically observed between the national and the local scales. The UK centralism acts as a structural constraint for the decentralized strategy of Bristol, in Munich, the EnergieWende is a driver for the industrial and delocalized strategy of the SWM, which becomes a major player in the federal transition given its scale
Dalmasso, Hélène. "Analyse stratigraphique et modélisation numérique de systèmes carbonatés néritiques tropicaux à subtropicaux : discrimination et quantification des paramètres de contrôle : cas de la plate-forme fini-jurassique/éocrétacée de Basse-Provence et de la Grande Barrière Récifale quaternaire d'Australie." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11018.
Full textParoissin, Christian. "Résultats asymptotiques pour des grands systèmes réparables monotones." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002101.
Full textTombuyses, Béatrice. "Modélisation markovienne en fiabilité: réduction des grands systèmes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212700.
Full textLa première partie de cette thèse concerne Ia modélisation d'installations industrielles et la construction de la matrice de transition. Le but poursuivi est le développement d'un code markovien permettant une description réaliste et aisée du système. Le système est décrit en termes de composants multiétats :pompes, vannes .
La définition d'une série de règles types permet l'introduction de dépendances entre composants. Grâce à la modélisation standardisée du système, un algorithme permettant la construction automatique de la matrice de transition est développé. L'introduction d'opérations de maintenance ou d'information est également présentée.
La seconde partie s'intéresse aux techniques de réduction de la taille de la matrice, afin de rendre possible le traitement de grosses installations. En effet, le nombre d'états croit exponentiellement avec le nombre de composants, ce qui limite habituellement les installations analysables à une dizaine de composants. Les techniques classiques de réduction sont passées en revue :
accessibilité des états,
séparation des groupes de composants indépendants,
symétrie et agrégation exacte des états (cfr Papazoglou). Il faut adapter la notion de symétrie des composants en tenant compte des dépendances pouvant exister entre composants.
Une méthode d'agrégation approchée pour le calcul de la fiabilité et de la disponibilité de groupes de composants à deux états est développée.
La troisième partie de la thèse contient une approche originale pour l'utilisation de la méthode markovienne. Il s'agit du développement d'une technique de réduction basée sur le graphe d'influence des composants. Un graphe d'influence des composants est construit à partir des dépendances existant entre composants. Sur base de ce graphe, un système markovien non homogène est construit, décrivant de manière approchée le comportement du système exact. Les résultats obtenus sur divers exemples sont très bons.
Une quatrième partie de cette thèse s'intéresse aux problèmes numériques liés à l'intégration du système différentiel du problème markovien. Ces problèmes résultent principalement du caractère stiff du système. Différentes méthodes classiques sont implantées pour l'intégration du système différentiel. Elles sont testées sur un exemple type de problème de fiabilité.
Pour finir, on trouve la présentation du code CAMERA dans lequel ont été implantées les différentes techniques présentées ci-dessus.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Guillot, Stéphane. "Optimisation de grands systèmes non linéaires en métallurgie." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10051.
Full textRavier, Béatrice. "Méthodes performantes de résolution de grands systèmes linéaires." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112215.
Full textThis work deals essentially with fast solving methods of large linear systems for an elliptic problem given in a domain included in R2, and composed with one, then several rectangles (domain having L-form or "fork"-domain). In the last chapter, the case of general domain is approached. The aim of the mathematical methods described for effecting the resolution on composite domains is to display subproblems on every component rectangle, where the fast solving algorithms, specially written for those elementary domains can be used (Fourier Analysis (FA), Cyclic Reduction (CH) and FACR(1)). The problems of association of domains are considered in two different ways: the rectangles have or have not the same mesh. For this second case, more interesting, in a first time, is the research of adapted interpolations (linear, of degree 2) required for the discretization of the equation on the in terface entered upon; then the problem is considered in an ether point of view, using the integral equations method which allows not to take care of the mesh, and which also allows to avoid difficulties of approach of the solution on the interface. The elliptic problem in general domains is solved by imbedding of this last one in a rectangle, where the situation is easy
Charvet, Quemin Françoise. "Synthèse modale des systèmes articulés en grands déplacements." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066076.
Full textAhmad, Ahmad. "Caractérisation globale et locale de l'écoulement à surface libre et en charge de systèmes liquide-liquide : application au procédé d’injection pariétale pour le transport des pétroles bruts." Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES2013.
Full textThe present dissertation reports on investigations on open-channel flows and Poiseuille flows of liquid/liquid systems. The first part of the dissertation considers the propagation of a gravity current over a denser ambient miscible liquid. A controlled flow rate of fresh water and of polymer solutions were released upon the free surface of an ambient salty water at rest in a basin, in order to characterize with te help of a method based on image analysis and the exploitation of spatio-temporal diagrams, the effect of polymer shear-thinning property on the temporal evolution of front progress and spreading of gravity current in ambient liquid and of mixing layer depth as well. A local study consisting in the development of a large scale PIV, aiming at describe to hydrodynamic fields existing in both fluids completed the previous global study. The second part of the dissertation considers a co-current water/oil flow in a duct, in order to simulate the lubricated pipelining of heavy crude oils which were being represented by oils gifted with high viscosity and a viscoplastic rheological behaviour. The effect of bed slope and flow rates ratio on global pressure drop were characterized in order to define the conditions of process optimal efficiency. A local characterization of the interfacial instabilities completed the previous global investigation
Khiat, Ali. "Capteurs à fibres optiques pour la mesure à haute résolution de déplacements linéaires et angulaires sur une grande étendue : application aux systèmes mécaniques de dimensions réduites." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1720.
Full textThe request increasing of miniature mechanical and mechatronics systems requires the miniaturization of the components to have a function of actuation or ability to measure to these systems. Miniature sensors, privileging a ratio between the limit of resolution and the range of measurement of about a 10-5 to 10-6, are then elements impossible to circumvent. This Ph. D. Presents the design and the realization of two optical fibers sens ors for measurement with high resolution in two dimensions of linear and angular displacements on great range using the same principle. After a bibliographical study relating to the optical sensors, a geometrical modelling of the measure of linear displacements on a great range by the use of two probes and a grating was carried out. First, an optical grating in aluminium alloy was obtained by High Precision Machining. Then, thanks to the micro fabrication of silicon, a second grating was carried out with the aim of improving the sensor performances. It was thus allowed to be integrated in a miniature mechanical system with a limit of resolution of 27. 4 nm on a linear range of about 9 mm. By duplicating this principle, the measurements on a plane were carried out. The second sens or developed measures the angular displacements by means of a probe, containing two detectors and a mirror not structured. A model was made and a good correlation was observed between the numerical and experimental results on a range between -23. 44° and +23. 44° with an optimal limit of resolution of 0. 48 x 10-30. Lastly, after duplication of this last principle, a miniature two-dimensional inclinometer was carried out
Acket, Sébastien. "Implication du métabolisme carboné pour une production différentielle d'huile chez les plantes oléagineuses-Lin : modélisation des systèmes." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2168/document.
Full textFlax seeds are composed oh high levels of oil (45 g oil / 100 g DM) stored as triglycerides in their embryos (Venglat et al., 2011). These highly unsatured oils have been used for many years for industrial applications (varnish, linoleum,...). However, these oils rich in omega-3 are also a great importance to human health. for this reason, the food industry is particularly interesed to develop innovative products enriched in linseed oil. To meet these requirements, it is necessary to develop linseed cultivars that accumulate more oils. In order to select such plants, it is necessary to acquire knowledge on mechanisms, accumulation and regulation of oils synthesis in oilseeds (Sharma and Chauhan, 2012). To better understand oil accumulation in flaxseed, two linseed genotypes presenting different level in oil content were selected (Astral : 44,6 ± 0,2 g oil / 100 MS ; 238 : 37,0 ± 0,7 g oil / 100 g DM). In this work, we determined the differences in accumulation between the two lines in embryos, integumen, the difference in gene expression in the embryos and the integument, and we analysed the metabolic flux in the embryos of both flax lines during the synthesis of fatty acids. These studies have shown : (i) the flax embryos Astral accumulates more oil in its embryo accumulates less protein in embryos, (ii) that the Astal flax husks accumulates less proanthocyanidins and proteins in teguments of the line 238, (iii) no link with the different oil accumumation in embryos and the difference in accumulation the integument could be demonstrated, (iv) that the glucose is the carbon precursor for the synthesis of fatty acids, (v) thet the flow of carbon to the synthesis of fatty acids predominantly through cytosolic glycolysis to PEP cytosolic, that is transported into the plastic for conversion to pruvate then acetylCoA, precursor synthesis of fatty acids, (vi) the flow for the synthesis of G3P in Astral embryos is 29 times higher than in the 238 embryos, (vii) the overexpression of the gene encoding the DHAP synthase (genolin_c54022 317) and G3PDH (genolin-c10324 594) in embryos of the Astral / 238, could induce a higher synthesis G3P necessary for the triglycerides