Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analyse de déformation'
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Gapais, Denis. "Les Orthogneiss : Structures, mécanismes de déformation et analyse cinématique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648605.
Full textVapillon, Alexis. "Mesure et analyse de la déformation : du contour à l'image." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10110.
Full textDiouta, Ngamy Gilbert. "Analyse numérique de la localisation dans les matériaux rocheux." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10199.
Full textTyrode, Victor, and Victor Tyrode. "Analyse modale d'une structure submergée à partir de jauges de déformation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38106.
Full textCe mémoire de maîtrise présente une étude préliminaire pour comprendre comment réaliser l'analyse modale d'une turbine hydraulique de type Francis. Au cours du projet Tr-Francis, il est prévue de réaliser des mesures de déformations et de réaliser une analyse modale à l'aide de jauges de déformation collées sur la turbine lors de son fonctionnement. Pour ce faire, il est nécessaire de comprendre comment installer les jauges de dé- formation sur la turbine. Tout d'abord, des expérimentations ont été réalisées afin de comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles les jauges de déformation ne fonctionnent pas sous l'eau. Différentes technologies de jauges de déformation et différents produits de protections ont également été testés. Il est également nécessaire de comprendre comment réaliser une analyse modale à partir de mesures de jauges de déformation. Sumali à développée une nouvelle méthode d'analyse modale par mesure de déformation sur une poutre. A travers ce mémoire, cette méthode est étendue pour réaliser l'analyse modale d'un anneau. La méthode est tout d'abord prouvée mathématiquement puis à l'aide d'une simulation numérique. Finalement, en excitant un anneau instrumenté de jauges de déformations avec un marteau d'impact puis avec un piézo-actionneur, la fonctionnalité de la méthode est prouvée.
This Master's thesis presents a preliminary study to understand how to perform the modal analysis of a Francis hydraulic turbine. During the Tr-Francis project, it is planned to carry out deformation measurements and perform a modal analysis using strain gauges bonded to the turbine during its operation. It is then necessary to understand how to install the strain gauges on the runner. Experiments were conducted to understand why the strain gauges have a limited lifetime underwater. Different strain gauge technologies and different protection products have also been tested. It is also necessary to understand how to perform a modal analysis from strain gauge measurements. Sumali has developed a method to perform modal analysis using deformation measurement on a beam. Through this thesis, this method is extended to perform the modal analysis of a ring. The method is first developped and then validated using numerical simulations. The method is first proven mathematically and then using a numerical simulation. Finally, by exciting an instrumented ring of strain gauges with an impact hammer and then with a piezo-actuator, the functionality of the method is proven.
This Master's thesis presents a preliminary study to understand how to perform the modal analysis of a Francis hydraulic turbine. During the Tr-Francis project, it is planned to carry out deformation measurements and perform a modal analysis using strain gauges bonded to the turbine during its operation. It is then necessary to understand how to install the strain gauges on the runner. Experiments were conducted to understand why the strain gauges have a limited lifetime underwater. Different strain gauge technologies and different protection products have also been tested. It is also necessary to understand how to perform a modal analysis from strain gauge measurements. Sumali has developed a method to perform modal analysis using deformation measurement on a beam. Through this thesis, this method is extended to perform the modal analysis of a ring. The method is first developped and then validated using numerical simulations. The method is first proven mathematically and then using a numerical simulation. Finally, by exciting an instrumented ring of strain gauges with an impact hammer and then with a piezo-actuator, the functionality of the method is proven.
Meslem, Pascal. "Analyse numérique du processus de déformation lors d'une opération de forgeage orbital." Valenciennes, 1989. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/73c8eec4-efc6-48bf-92fe-ad9066523b11.
Full textDurrenberger, Laurent. "Analyse de la pré-déformation plastique sur la tenue au crash d'une structure crash-box par approches expérimentale et numérique." Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ041S/document.
Full textTo preserve the integrity of vehicle passengers during a crash constitutes a major goal for the automotive manufacturers since many years. The aim of this Ph-D thesis is to analyze the effect of a plastic prestrain on crash properties of a crash-box structure. The loading history is composed of at least two phases. The first phase is the forming process, in general under quasi-static conditions. The subsequent loading is due to a crash event. The behavior of three steels frequently used in the automotive industry has been studied (BH260, DP600, TRIP800). The experimental characterization of the steels shows the effect of a quasi-static prestrain on subsequent dynamic tensile curves. In addition, a large experimental crushing campaign of structures revealed that the prestrain process improves the crash behavior despite a reduction of the wall thickness. Two phenomenological models are then proposed to describe the strain-hardening effects and strain-rate sensitivity of metals. The model predictions show a very good agreement with experimental results for a wide range of strain-rate. Strain-rate history effects are well accounted for by one of the models. Finally, a numerical approach is performed where the variables calculated during the stamping (residual stress, equivalent plastic deformation, final thickness) are taken into account during the crash simulation under dynamic loading
Quaouire, Lahcen. "Structuration de la déformation plastique par l'effet Portevin-Le Chatelier : une analyse dynamique." Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Quaouire.Lahcen.SMZ9727.pdf.
Full textThe Portevin Le Chatelier (plc) effect is one of the most fascinating forms of the plastic flow instabilities. This phenomenon consists in the repeated generation and propagation along a tensile specimen of sharply edged bands of localised plastic deformation. Experiments show that the plc effect is usually unperiodic and some models suggest that the instability might lead to determinist chaotic behaviour. In this work, this suggestion is investigated using a method of analysis based on the qualitative information contained in the temporal variations of the stress in loading with constant applied cross-head velocity. In this thecnic of a analysis, various implements are used : at first the method of delays is used to reconstruct phase trajectory of the dynamical system. The method use time series constututed from temporel variations of one state parameter of the system. The fractal structure of the reconstruction obtained suggest that the trajectory lie on a strange attractor which is the reflection of determinist chaotic dynamic. Indeed, confirmation of the existence of a strange attractor is done by calculating dimension of this attractor using the Grasseberger-Procaccia algorithm. The dimension obtained is lightly upper than three. Finally, sensitivity to initial conditions is prouved using the Gao-Zheng algorithm which give a positive value of the Lyapunov exponent. The above results permit to conclude that the underlying dynamic of the plc effect is determinist. Indeed, the dimension value of strange attractor suggests that a phenomenon description must take into account at least four state parameters of the system. This is compatible with some theories
Chaabani, Anis. "Analyse de la déformation récente dans le Grand Tunis par interférométrie radar SAR." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2002/document.
Full textSoil deformation phenomena of natural (tectonic) or anthropic origins (over exploitation of groundwater, embankment) can have adverse effects on the environment and on human life. A good understanding of the mechanism of deformation is essential to mitigate or eliminate risks to infrastructure and natural environments. In this study, it is proposed to apply the interferometric method to study the mobility of an urban and suburban area of Tunis City, which is the main socio-economic center of Tunisia.Seismotectonic analyzes were carried out in the study area to better understand the seismic and structural context of the North East part of Tunisia while being based on the different interpretations made from focal mechanisms and mapping epicentres in this area. This analysis made it possible to deduce the existence of an NW-SE compressive regime that fits well with the existing regime at the regional level. This mapping also allowed the detection of the different zones marked by a relatively large seismic activity with a moderate magnitude and which coincide well with the major accidents that are at the level of the study area. Subsequently, a geomorphological analysis approach of the study area was carried out, which made it possible to highlight the different existing tectonic structures and to distinguish the different morphological units. It has been shown that geomorphological analysis has limitation to interpret the morphodynamic context of the study area and therefore the interferometric technique has proven to be an effective methodology for detecting and monitoring soil displacements with millimeter precision and also improving our understanding of current deformations. Indeed, the application of differential SAR interferometry made it possible to nether identify areas with natural subsidence risks or analyze the deformations of the topographic surface associated with anthropic phenomena. To better assimilate the morphodynamic context of the study area, the interferometric method of Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) developed by Berardino et al. (2002) has been chosen. The analysis of Envisat ASAR (2003-2007, descending satellite orbit) and Sentinel-1B (2016-2018, ascending satellite orbit) SAR data allowed us to obtain soil deformation maps associated with time series of velocity of the study area. These analyzes showed the existence of a differential settlement phenomenon in the region of Tunis and the Mornag plain by quantifying it quite accurately. Therefore, by combining SBAS results with geological, hydrogeological and geotechnical information, we have been able to explore some of the links between soil subsidence and its main control factors, in particular:- a differential settlement detected around the Lake of Tunis region, which is probably due to the nature of highly compressible alluvial sediments with bedrock depths sometimes exceeding 65m;- a subsidence of the Mornag plain, whose overexploitation of groundwater and the compressibility of alluvium were the driving forces of these deformations
Perrin, Olivier. "Modèle de covariance d'un processus non-stationnaire par déformation de l'espace et statistique." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010099.
Full textJolly, Lionel. "Analyse de la microstructure du polyamide 11 par diffusion des rayons X : application à une déformation uniaxiale." Metz, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2000/Jolly.Lionel.SMZ0006.pdf.
Full textAvallone, Antonio. "Analyse de dix ans de déformation du rift de Corinthe (Grèce) par géodésie spatiale." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01576320.
Full textGPS data collected in the Corinth rift during eleven camapigns between 1990 and 2001 provide velocities of 57 points with ~1. 5mm/yr. Peloponnissos moves at 30mm/yr to the N215°E with respect to the stable Europe. Extension across the rift is accommodated in a narrow band off-shore. Its rate increases from east to west and is 16mm/yr near Aigion. Both sides of the rift behave as a rifid clockwise rotating blocks with rates of 7#0. 5°/Myr and 2. 8#0. 8°/Myr respectively for the northern and southern blocks. The strain accumulation accross the major faults located along the southern coast of the Corinth gulf is less than 1mm/yr. This implies long recurrence periods for large earthquakes on these faults. At the western and eastern ends of the rift the deformation is more diffuse. The resulting velocity field allowed us to constrain the comparison between the old triangulation coordinates and new GPS coordinates at 224 pilars of the old greek tringulation network analysis of the coseismic and interseismic vertical movements in the gulf of Corinth has been carried out with a large interferograms database. The presence of atmospheric contributions in SAR interferograms represents the main limit for the detection of ground deformations. A methodological approach is presented to reduce at both global and local scales the tropospheric contributions in the interferograms. It first requires the refined knowledge of the permanent scatterers that can only be obtained from the analysis of a large population of interferograms. The correction of global scale atmospheric contribution exploits the correlation between phase and topography and the correction of local artefacts is based oncorrelation between interferograms containing one common acquisition
Réant, Patricia. "Analyse échocardiographique des déformations myocardiques en speckle tracking." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21662/document.
Full textFor 20 years, analysis of systolic myocardial function by echocardiography is a major challenge to improve the detection and the quantification of myocardial contractility abnormalities. The principle of myocardial deformation analysis consists in evaluating the percentage of myocardial thickening or shortening during the cardiac cycle. After a big step forward with the advent of tissue Doppler imaging for 15 years, the 4 last years have seen the apparition of a new technique of bidimensional analysis, without angle dependency, based on the tracking of the acoustic markers of the myocardial wall, and called « speckle tracking echocardiography » or « 2D strain ». This thesis reports serial studies oriented on the validation of this new tool and on the experimental application of this technique in the detection of myocardial ischemia during pharmacological dobutamine stress echocardiography, in comparison with myocardial perfusion analysis by contrast echocardiography. Finally, we report some clinical experiences using the speckle tracking echocardiography which attest of some clinical potential applications of this technique in the management of the patients with different cardiomyopathies: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, lone paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and analysis of myocardial regional deformation during low doses dobutamine infusion to investigate viability in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy
Touati, Abdellaziz. "Analyse du retrait et réduction des déformations en stéréolithographie." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL041N.
Full textStephan, Gaëtan. "La déformation de la loi d'Okun au cours du cycle économique." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G043/document.
Full textThis dissertation aims at study asymmetry of elasticity of unemployment to output in United States and Europe. In the first chapter, we employ a meta-analysis to identify the ``authentic'' value of Okun's law coefficient beyond publication bias. We show that measure of Okun's coefficient depends about the choice of endogenous variable. In the second chapter, it appears that Okun's law implies a labor productivity procyclical as firm practices labor hoarding. According our estimates, Okun's law presents significative evidence of asymmetry during recessions and recoveries especially since the mid-1980s when positive correlation between real GDP and productivity has disappeared. Conversely, in France and Germany, we observe a more stable Okun's coefficient along business cycle. The nature of macroeconomic movements in Europe could potentially explain these findings. Germany supports transitory and persistent movements in real GDP and unemployment. Nevertheless, macroeconomic movements in other European countries are driven by permanents shocks. In last chapter, we investigate asymmetric cointregration in a sample of European countries (France, Germany and United Kingdom), we show that asymmetric cointegration between real GDP and unemployment seems to be linked to an asymmetric Phillip's curve
Hammedi, Hiba. "Analyse spectrale des guides d'ondes "twistés"." Thesis, Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL0001/document.
Full textIn this thesis we study the spectral properties of perturbed 3D quantum waveguides (tubes). We mainly consider two types of perturbation:The first type is a geometric perturbation. More precisely, we study the Laplace operator with Dirichlet boundary conditions defined in a twisted tube. The twist that we consider is a constant one that has been locally perturbed by a function of same sign (a repulsive twist). The second type of perturbation is done by changing locally the boundary conditions. In fact, we study the Laplacian operator with Dirichlet conditions everywhere on the boundary of the tube except on a bounded part where we consider the Neumann conditions. In one hand we study the straight tubes (with no geometric perturbations) to figure out the effect of perturbation that occurred in the boundary conditions. In the other hand we study the twisted tubes to establish a comparison between the opposite effects of these two types of perturbation (the geometric one and the change that we imposed on the boundary conditions)
Henriquet, Maxime. "Déformation active, cinématique et mécanique de l'Est de la Sicile : Analyse morphostructurale et modélisation analogique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG018.
Full textIn Central Mediterranean, Sicily is known for its intense volcanic activity (Mount Etna, Aeolian Islands) and its major historical earthquakes (Noto, 1693, M 7.4 ; Messina, 1908, M 7.1). These events reflect a particularly active geodynamic context, controlled by deformation mechanisms and interactions between deep tectonics and surface processes (erosion, sedimentation) that are still poorly understood.During the Mesozoic, the opening of the Neo-Tethys, between the future Europe and Africa plates, shaped the geometry of the surrounding continental margins, particularly in the North African domain. The Alpine Tethys, the western branch of this ancient ocean, closed during the Cenozoic through a system of fast subductions and collisions developing in a context of slow convergence between the Africa and Eurasia plates. The Calabro-Sicilian Arc, and more generally the Apennines-Maghreb system, result from the retreat of the Alpine Tethys, followed by the continental subduction of the African and Apulian margins under the AlKaPeCa continental blocks (Alboran, Kabylia, Peloritan and Calabria) with the African and Apulian margins. These micro-continental blocks, derived from the European margin, accompanied the slab rollback towards the South-East, localizing at their front the accretion of the Alpine Tethys sedimentary cover and opening in their wakes a series of back-arc basins (Algerian-Provençal and Tyrrhenian basins). From North to South, Eastern Sicily is divided into four tectono-stratigraphic domains : 1) the Peloritain-Calabria block, detached from the Corso-Sardinian micro-continent since the opening of the Tyrrhenian 15 Ma ago, 2) the pelagic sediments of the Alpine Tethys, remnants of the oceanic accretionary prism, 3) the Meso-Cenozoic cover of the African margin accreted since the Middle Miocene, and 4) the present day foreland represented by a thick carbonate platform (Hyblean Plateau), separated from the Ionian domain by the Malta Escarpment.This thesis focuses on the crustal deformation processes and their interactions with deep dynamics based on the analysis of geological, geophysical and morpho-structural data, coupled with analytical and analogue modeling. My work first led to a new interpretation of the origin of the Hyblean Plateau (SE of Sicily). This sub-circular topographic anomaly, 1000 m high and 80 km in diameter, is inherited from an uplift phase that started in the Late Miocene, simultaneously with major magmatic episodes in this region. Unlike the commonly evoked flexural model, most of the uplift is probably related to magmatic intrusions deforming the thick Meso-Cenozoic carbonate cover. Analogue models mechanically validated the hypothesis of a tectono-magmatic scenario at the origin of the present day morphology and outlined the major effect of structural inheritance in the localization of the subsurface deformation. Based on a critical review of the available geological data, I also proposed a new tectono-stratigraphic reconstruction of the Sicilian Fold-and-Thrust Belt. Once again, analogue modeling provided strong constraints on the African margin paleogeography and mechano-stratigraphy, as well as the dynamics of the deformation and the tectonic-erosion-sedimentation interactions involved in the building of the Sicilian orogenic prism. Finally, I studied the transition zone between the Sicilian Belt and the Calabrian Prism, in its four dimensions, in order to specify the current kinematics of this potentially highly seismogenic region. Based on bathymetric and seismic data, the mechanisms of the deformation at the origin of the onshore and offshore fault networks are explained by the dynamics imposed by the lower plate and those resulting from the migration of the Calabrian Arc and the oceanic accretionary prism towards the Southeast
Mancuso, Clément. "Recherche de déformation dans des noyaux riches en neutrons." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1095/document.
Full textNowadays, the atomic nucleus is used in a variety of common way. Nevertheless, this object is not fully understood yet. This is why nuclear physics research is still needed. Among the large number of nuclear physics topics, this work is interested in the study of shape changes in neutron rich Ru and Sr isotopes. The subject is figured out in the first chapter, dealing with theoretical concepts about nuclear physics. A second chapter describes the experiment permitting to produce the isotopes of interest. This gamma-ray spectroscopy experiment has been realized with a HPGe multidetector made from EXOGAM and completed by GASP and LOHENGRIN detectors. This experiment consists of the cold neutron, supplied by the reactor of the Institute Laue Langevin, induced fission of 241Pu. This experiment is a part of the EXILL measurement campaign. The second chapter also deals with the data pre-analysis of this experiment. After showing the effects of a multiplicity cut on event preselection, the obtained results concerning 108Ru to 115Ru and 92Sr to 96Sr isotopes are presented on the third chapter. Finally, the fourth chapter puts these results in a wider part of the neutron rich side of both series. These last ones are also placed in their mass region context.The region of interest is rich in shape change, whether with neutronic enrichment or with excitation energy. These changes are rather well described by certain models, but the latter still have difficulty to describe the limits. Their precise determinations by experiment is essential to constrain models
Lac, Etienne. "Déformation et convection d'une capsule dans un écoulement de Stokes tridimensionnel infini." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1461.
Full textHassani, Riad. "Modélisation numérique de la déformation des systèmes géologiques." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20055.
Full textLefebvre, Y. "Déformation et convection d'une ou plusieurs capsules en écoulement dans un tube cylindrique." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00200326.
Full textLorsque deux capsules sont en interaction, elles sont espacées de moins d'un rayon de pore. La perte de charge créée par un train de capsules est la somme de celles créées par chacune des capsules isolément.
Sauvage, Basile. "Déformation de courbes et surfaces multirésolution sous contraintes." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011444.
Full textL'objet de ce manuscrit est d'étudier l'intégration de contraintes non linéaires dans la déformation multirésolution de courbes et de surfaces lisses. Nous abordons successivement la conservation de l'aire inscrite dans une courbe B-spline plane, la conservation du volume englobé par une surface B-spline, la conservation du volume englobé par une surface de topologie arbitraire (paramétrée sur un maillage triangulaire), et la conservation de la longueur d'une courbe linéaire par morceaux. Les modèles multirésolution, basés sur des analyses en ondelettes, permettent de créer aisément des déformations à différentes échelles sur des objets complexes, tout en conservant les détails fins. Les contraintes sont calculées dans la base multirésolution, puis intégrées grâce à des optimisations sous contraintes. Les déformations gagnent ainsi en réalisme, sans que l'utilisateur n'ait à intervenir. Les méthodes que nous développons fonctionnent interactivement, et sont étudiées pour s'adapter à différents types de déformations.
Navizet, Isabelle. "Modélisation et analyse des propriétés mécaniques des protéines." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066309.
Full textLineau, Corinne. "Analyse expérimentale de la déformation plastique d'un polycristal d'acier. Comparaison avec les simulations de modèles polycristallins." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529716.
Full textGaye, Ababacar. "Analyse multiéchelle des mécanismes de déformation du sel gemme par mesures de champs surfaciques et volumiques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1053/document.
Full textWe develop in this study new experimental methodologies for the multi-scale experimental investigation of the micromechanics of polycrystalline materials. These methodologies are applied to synthetic halite (NaCl), which is a convenient model polycristal due to its viscoplastic behavior at both ambient and high temperatures (350°C). In addition, halite is used for industrial applications such as underground energy and waste storage. The ductile deformation at the scale of the microstructure operates not only through conventional intra-granular plasticity, but also through inter-granular deformation mechanisms, such as grain-boundary sliding (GBS). First, we precisely quantify the relative contribution of each of these local mechanisms to the macroscopic deformation of halite. For this purpose, we apply digital image correlation (DIC) technique to high resolution images obtained during uniaxial compression tests in the chamber of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The DIC algorithms have been modified to account for the discontinuous kinematics at grain boundries. We also propose a method to improve accuracy of GBS quantification, which consists in creating specific artificial patterns across grain-boundaries by electron beam lithography. The results show that GBS is present from the beginning of plastic deformation of the polycrystal. The 2D observations (using SEM) are complemented by 3D volume investigations using X-ray computed microtomography and Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) techniques. In order to obtain local volume markers differing in contrast (density) from NaCl and adapted to DVC, micrometric copper particles (3 % in volume) are dispersed into the material during its elaboration. Various microstructures (in terms of average grain size) are considered. New DVC protocols allow us to obtain the three-dimensional distribution of ductile deformation at the scale of the polycrystalline microstructure, with a spatial resolution finer than the average grain size. 3D and 2D local mechanical fields are compared on the same samples submitted to uniaxial compression. The strain patterns and the deformation mechanisms observed in depth of the sample are consistent with those identified by 2D observations. The results show the same organization and development of strain localization bands in relation with the loading conditions and microstructure, both at the surface and in volume. The importance of inter-granular mechanisms for the plastic deformation and diffuse damage of halite is also confirmed in 3D. Finally, in view of a further numerical model of the plasticity of the polycrystal, the three-dimensional polycrystalline microstructure is characterized by diffraction contrast tomography and compared to 2D measurements obtained by electron BackScattered diffraction
Seront, Bernard. "Déformation expérimentale à haute pression et haute température d'agrégats polycristallins de plagioclase et d'olivine." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20139.
Full textHu, Xu-Qu. "Mouvement et déformation de capsules circulant dans des canaux microfluidiques." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00857260.
Full textBen, Hassen Mehdi. "Analyse de la déformation récente dans l'Atlas méridional de la Tunisie par géomorphométrie et Interférométrie Radar (DInSAR)." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00786317.
Full textEl, Hajjar Ahmad. "Contribution à l'étude de la dessiccation des argiles : analyse simultanée des champs de déformation et de contrainte." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMLH20.
Full textRaw earth, a material that has been used in construction for thousands of years, currently provides an interesting alternative to expensive and power-consuming materials. The current climatic and economic conditions have led to a renewed interest in this material, both for its ecological characteristics and for its high-performance thermo-hygroscopic properties. Nevertheless, the "raw earth" material presents a vulnerability related to cracking due to shrinkage strains induced by desiccation. The aim of this thesis research is to contribute to a better insight into crack appearance and propagation mechanisms in clayey materials subjected to hydric solicitations. In this context, an experimental and phenomenological study of both free desiccation and retained desiccation is carried out in order to characterize the shrinkage strains and the crack initiation, related to the internal stresses state induced by desiccation in clayey soils. Therefore, a prototype experimental device adapted to the desiccation of clayey soils and called DIC-CRT (Digital Image Correlation - Clay Ring Test), is developed. It combines three experimental techniques: Digital Image Correlation (DIC), Clay Ring Test (CRT); and tensiometry to measure suction during the drying process. Several boundary conditions, geometrical (specimen shape and thickness...), mechanical (support roughness, restrained shrinkage...) and hydric (ambient humidity) are prospected. Relevant parameters to quantify the internal stresses and the cracks intensity in the materials are defined. In addition, the effect of plant-based reinforcements on deformation kinetics, crack initiation and intensity are prospected
Erieau, Philippe. "Étude expérimentale et analyse numérique de l'influence des hétérogénéités induites par la déformation à froid sur la recristallisation primaire d'un acier IF-Ti." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0879.
Full textDuclos, Mathieu. "Déformation aux frontières de plaques par analyse de l'anisotropie sismique dans le manteau supérieur de la Nouvelle Zélande." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20229.
Full textAhmad, Daniel. "Analyse et simulation de la déformation de films polymères de décoration au cours de leur mise en forme." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0122/document.
Full textThe simulation of the forming process of polymer films for thermoforming process has several objectives. It allows to determine feasibility or the conditions of this feasibility and above all it allows to know the thickness distribution of the deformed film of decoration. Simulations avoid the expensive experimental studies by test-errors. The work presented in this document relates to the two steps of the thermoforming of polymer films. The first step consists in heating the sheet using infrared lamps and the second step consists in forming the sheet into a mold. The contributions of this work are as follows: development of numerical modelling of the thermoforming process for non-isothermal viscoelastic sheet under large strains. Simulation of the heating step with taken into account the heterogeneous radiative heat transfer due to the shape of the tools. Finally, a set of simulations of forming processes was realized and the results of the simulations are compared to the results of experiments
Quey, Romain. "Suivi de microtextures dans l'aluminium en grande déformation à chaud." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00414120.
Full textL'approche expérimentale, nommée "suivi de microtextures", s'appuie sur l'utilisation d'un "échantillon tranché" déformé en compression plane à 400°C, appliquée en plusieurs passes, et de la technique EBSD pour l'analyse des orientations locales des grains sur la surface médiane de l'échantillon au cours de la déformation. 176 grains ont ainsi pu être suivis, jusqu'à une déformation de 1.2.
Les données obtenues (classiquement 3000 orientations par grain) donnent accès aux rotations moyennes des grains, lesquelles contribuent directement à la formation de la texture. Elles sont décrites en termes d'angle et d'axe de rotation, mais aussi de chemins de rotation. Les désorientations intragranulaires sont caractérisées et rattachées aux mécanismes d'accomodation des déformations. De plus, un effet d'interaction intergranulaire est mis en évidence afin d'améliorer les modèles.
Une large gamme de modèles sont étudiés, notamment le modèle de Taylor et un modèle de type Taylor (RSI). Nous montrons que le modèle de Taylor fournit un accord au premier ordre pour les rotations des grains individuels. Les désaccords peuvent être attribués en partie à l'interaction intergranulaire. Le modèle RSI permet de rendre compte de cette interaction, mais pas suffisamment. Ces données, nouvelles et originales, sont maintenant disponibles pour améliorer les modèles de plasticité cristalline.
Nguyen, Quang Thanh. "Analyse expérimentale et numérique de la compaction des renforts fibreux : Application pour la perméabilité." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00695726.
Full textTurchi, Hervé. "Etude de modèles de déformation basés sur l'analyse multirésolution : Application en Téléopération Assistée par Ordinateur." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20260.
Full textEl, Abd Absamad. "Développement d'une méthode de prédiction des déformation de surface des chaussées à assises non traitées." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13311.
Full textJia, Shuman. "Statistiques de forme, de structure et de déformation à l'échelle d'une population pour l'étude de la fibrillation auriculaire." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2019AZUR4105.
Full textAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, characterized by chaotic electrical activation and unsynchronized contraction of the atria. This epidemic and its life-threatening complications and fast progression call for diagnosis and effective treatment as early as possible. Catheter ablation, an invasive procedure that establishes lesions to block the trigger points of AF and creates a barrier to the propagation of the arrhythmia, is an effective treatment for patients refractory to anti-arrhythmic drugs. However, the success rate of the first-time ablation may range from 30% to 75%, such that multiple ablation procedures may be recommended, and atrial mechanical function may be adversely affected. With evolving imaging and digital technologies, the objective of the study is to understand the underlying physiology of AF better and to provide tools to assist clinical decision-making. We analyze the correlations between recurrent arrhythmia and patient characteristics before ablation, including the left atrial shape extracted from computed tomography images. Non-invasive extraction of the anatomical structures of the heart is a crucial prerequisite. We first developed semi-automatic methods to segment the left atrium and the left atrial wall from images. Next, we achieved good segmentation results with a neural network model. Then, we studied markers of shape related to both global and local remodeling, and the quantification of adipose tissue, deploying diffeomorphometry and statistical analysis tools. Finally, we extended the work to the statistical analysis of temporal deformation. We proposed a symmetric reformulation of the pole ladder, which improves the numerical consistency and stability
Wang, Linlin. "Analyse expérimentale et modélisation micromécanique de la déformation et de l'endommagement des argilites sous chargement hydrique et mécanique combinés." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00794900.
Full textTardif, Fabrice. "Analyse des mécanismes d'endommagement dans les composites 3D C/C : mesures optiques des champs de déformation par corrélation d'image." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10671.
Full textNaouar, Naïm. "Analyse mésoscopique par éléments finis de la déformation de renforts fibreux 2D et 3D à partir de microtomographies X." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0088/document.
Full textThe simulation at meso-scale of textile composite reinforcement deformation provides important information. In particular, it gives the direction and density of the fibres that condition the permeability of the textile reinforcement and the mechanical properties of the final composite. These meso FE analyses are highly dependent on the quality of the initial geometry of the model. Some software have been developed to describe composite reinforcement geometries. The obtained geometries imply simplification that can disrupt the reinforcement deformation computation. The present work presents a direct method using computed microtomography to determine finite element models based on the real geometry of the textile reinforcement. The FE model is obtained for any specificity or variability of the textile reinforcement, more or less complex. The yarns interpenetration problems are avoided. These models are used with two constitutive laws : a hypoelastic law and a hyperelastic one. An analysis of their properties is presented and their implementation in the software ABAQUS is detailed. Finally, an identification method is presented and the results of forming simulations are compared to experimental tests, which shows a good fit between the both
Christiaen, Benjamin. "Modélisation multi-échelle de la déformation d’alliage de zirconium sous irradiation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R008/document.
Full textZirconium alloys are used to manufacture fuel cladding as well as fuel assemblies of pressurized water nuclear reactors. Under irradiation, they show a dimensional change commonly called growth. Experimental observations have shown that above a threshold dose, these alloys are subject to accelerated growth called "breakaway". It has been well established that the irradiation formation of and dislocation loops is directly responsible for the growth of irradiated zirconium alloys and that the appearance of loops is correlated with this growth acceleration. However, the nucleation mechanisms of the loops that seem to be influenced by the presence of alloying elements are still poorly understood. In order to improve our understanding, a multi-scale modelling approach has been used to simulate the evolution of zirconium microstructure under irradiation. Atomic-scale calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) and empirical potentials are used to determine the properties of clusters of point defects (dislocation loops, cavities, pyramids of stacking faults). The results obtained are then used as input parameters of an object kinetic Monte Carlo (OKMC) code which allows us to simulate the microstructure evolution of the material under irradiation. Our results show that it is necessary to consider an anisotropic migration of the vacancies to predict the growth acceleration
Niño, Fernando. "Modélisation numérique de la déformation localisée et de l'activité tectonique des failles." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20019.
Full textDarmendrail, Xavier. "Déformation récente et actuelle des Alpes occidentales : mise en évidence, caractérisation et quantification par analyse géomorphologique et comparaison de nivellements." Phd thesis, Chambéry, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00723701.
Full textChampion, Claire. "Déformation de la Provence occidentale depuis le Miocène : étude structurale, utilisation de surfaces géomorphiques marqueurs et analyse quantitative du relief." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30080.
Full textCallahan, Michael. "Analyse de la cinétique de transformation et des instabilités de déformation dans des aciers TRIP "Moyen Manganèse" de 3ème génération." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC065/document.
Full textThis thesis studies the mechanical behavior of a 0.2C-5Mn-2.5Al Medium Mn steel that exhibits a very high degree of work hardening due to transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) during plastic deformation. During TRIP, paramagnetic retained austenite is transformed to ferromagnetic martensite with the application of plastic strain and generates a significant amount of work hardening. The rate of work hardening is seen to vary greatly depending on processing parameters—notably the intercritical annealing temperature. These steels also often deform heterogeneously through the propagation of Lüders or PLC strain bands.This research develops a method to characterize the kinetics of the TRIP effect through measurements of the samples magnetic properties. The method is novel in that it is performed in-situ with no effect on the tensile test and is able to correct for the effects of the applied stress on the magnetic properties. The results of these experiments were compared to characterizations of the strain bands to demonstrate that TRIP coincides with the passage of a Lüders or PLC band. The strain rate sensitivity of the steels is analyzed and the presence and type of PLC bands are characterized with respect to the transformation kinetics
Li, Yuet Hee Mary Lynn. "Caractérisation texturale et analyse par stéréocorrélation d'images de la déformation des fromages à pâte molle et de leurs simulants formulés." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL062N/document.
Full textVarious gels formulated from mixtures of gelatin and polysaccharides - guar, karaya gum, xanthan gum, maltodextrin and starch - were elaborated to simulate soft cheeses (Camembert and Coulommiers) texture. Comparisons between gels and cheeses were based on firmness, elasticity modulus and relaxation time constants, obtained from penetrometry and stress relaxation tests. Gels made up of gelatin, maltodextrin and starch were found to imitate best the textural properties of the soft cheeses. A three-component mixture design approach was used to determine the optimum component concentration of the simulants. Mathematical models developed showed linear dependence of the rheological parameters on composition of simulants. Enzyme Subtilisin Carlsberg (Alcalase®) successful induced gradual modifications in rheological parameters of simulants. The rate of change of textural properties occurring in Coulommiers cheese during maturation was however different from that of the simulants. Two optical three-dimensional techniques as new tools for food texture assessment were also investigated. Digital image correlation and the Breuckmann scanning systems were successful in distinguishing between gels and cheeses varying in firmness and viscoelastic properties. New parameters obtained from digital image correlation and Breuckmann scanning systems were related to the textural properties of the cheeses and their simulants. These parameters may be used to develop models predicting accurately the sensory texture of food from instrumental measurements
Goka, Edoh. "Analyse des tolérances des systèmes complexes – Modélisation des imperfections de fabrication pour une analyse réaliste et robuste du comportement des systèmes." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0019/document.
Full textTolerance analysis aims toward the verification of the impact of individual tolerances on the assembly and functional requirements of a mechanical system. The manufactured products have several types of contacts and their geometry is imperfect, which may lead to non-functioning and non-assembly. Traditional methods for tolerance analysis do not consider the form defects. This thesis aims to propose a new procedure for tolerance analysis which considers the form defects and the different types of contact in its geometrical behavior modeling. A method is firstly proposed to model the form defects to make realistic analysis. Thereafter, form defects are integrated in the geometrical behavior modeling of a mechanical system and by considering also the different types of contacts. Indeed, these different contacts behave differently once the imperfections are considered. The Monte Carlo simulation coupled with an optimization technique is chosen as the method to perform the tolerance analysis. Nonetheless, this method is subject to excessive numerical efforts. To overcome this problem, probabilistic models using the Kernel Density Estimation method are proposed
De, Almeida Olivier. "Etude des mécanismes de déformation de polypropylènes-chocs par analyse des champs de déformations tridimentionnels : évolution des matériaux de pare-chocs automobiles au cours du cycle de vie (vieillissement, pollution et recyclage)." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2336.
Full textAyadi, Khouloud. "Optimisation de la modélisation des régimes de fonctionnement des garnitures mécaniques d'étanchéité : analyse théorique et expérimentale." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2325/document.
Full textMechanical face seals are sealing components for rotating shafts. It basically consists of two annular flat surfaces lubricated with a very thin film of sealed fluid.The "Seals lubrication" group of the Pprime institute has developed different modeling tools of mechanical face seals behavior by analytical, semi analytical and numerical methods. The objective of this thesis is to define a preliminary methodology to optimize the modeling of the mechanical seal taking into account the seal design. This analysis provides a suggestion of modeling tools among the existing types. A set of indicators and criteria are developed to determine the dominating physical phenomena during the operation of the seal under given conditions. The selected modeling tools should take into account the identified phenomena. Experimental validations were performed for a mechanical seal working in different operating conditions. Studies of the evolution of the friction faces topography, the friction torque, the leakage rate and the thermal effect were carried out. Experiments have shown that the behavior of the mechanical seal strongly depends on the lubrication regime: mixed, hydrodynamic and thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic.Theoretical models were compared with experimental results. A good correlation is obtained into their range of validity defined with preliminary analysis. Larger differences are observed when the models are used in conditions where unconsidered physical phenomena occur. This comparison showed that the indicators and criteria of the proposed method of choice are relevant and allows a good identification of the physical phenomena that should be taken into account
Bridier, Florent. "Analyse expérimentale des modes de déformation et d'endommagement par fatigue à 20°C d'alliage de titane : aspects cristallographiques à différentes échelles." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2272.
Full textAn industrial piece in a duplex titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V has been entirely and precisely characterized by an ultrasonic inspection. From a specific machining of specimens, a strong scattering in fatigue life time at room temperature has been revealed. This material presents some morphological and crystallographic textures at different scales. Within this context, an experimental method has been developed in order to study the elementary deformation and damage modes of polycrystalline titanium alloys. Through EBSD (electron backscattering diffraction) measurements coupled with in-situ (SEM) monotonic tensile tests and fatigue tests, the nature of the slip systems and the crack initiation sites (prismatic, basal and pyramidal) in the Ti-6Al-4V alloy have been precisely identified and analyzed in relation with the local crystallographic orientation. Concerning this point, a particular attention has been paid to the influence of the Schmid's factor. The local microstructural conditions favoring fatigue damage have been determined at different scales : microscopic scale of crack initiation and mesoscopic of crystallographic textures. An industrial piece in a duplex titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V has been entirely and precisely characterized by an ultrasonic inspection. From a specific machining of specimens, a strong scattering in fatigue life time at room temperature has been revealed. This material presents some morphological and crystallographic textures at different scales. Within this context, an experimental method has been developed in order to study the elementary deformation and damage modes of polycrystalline titanium alloys. Through EBSD (electron backscattering diffraction) measurements coupled with in-situ (SEM) monotonic tensile tests and fatigue tests, the nature of the slip systems and the crack initiation sites (prismatic, basal and pyramidal) in the Ti-6Al-4V alloy have been precisely identified and analyzed in relation with the local crystallographic orientation. Concerning this point, a particular attention has been paid to the influence of the Schmid's factor. The local microstructural conditions favoring fatigue damage have been determined at different scales : microscopic scale of crack initiation and mesoscopic of crystallographic textures
Despringre, Nicolas. "Analyse et modélisation des mécanismes d'endommagement et de déformation en fatigue multiaxiale de matériaux composites : polyamide renforcé par des fibres courtes." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0058/document.
Full textThe current work focuses on a new micromechanical high cycle fatigue visco-damage model for short glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites, namely: PA66/GF30. This material, extensively used for automotive applications, has a specific microstructure which is induced by the injection process. The multi-scale developed approach is a modified Mori-Tanaka method that includes coated reinforcements and the evolution of micro-scale damage processes. Their description is based on the experimental investigations of damage mechanisms previously performed by the team. Damage chronologies have been proposed involving three different local degradation processes: fiber-matrix interface debonding/coating degradation, matrix microcracking and fiber breakage. Their occurrence strongly depends on the microstructure. The developed model integrates these damage kinetics and accounts for the complex matrix viscoelasticity and the reinforcement orientation distributions induced by the process. Each damage mechanism is introduced through an evolution law involving local stress fields computed at the microscale. The developed constitutive law at the representative volume element scale is implemented into a C++ scientific library, SMART+, and is designed to work with Finite Element Methods. The model identification is performed via reverse engineering, taking advantage of the multiscale experimental results: in-situ SEM tests as well as quantitative and qualitative μCT investigations