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1
Valerio, Cutini, ed. Centralità e uso del suolo urbano: Analisi configurazionale del centro storico di Volterra. Pisa: ETS, 2001.
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2
Paola, Desideri, ed. La Centralità del testo nelle pratiche didattiche. Scandicci, Firenze: La Nuova Italia, 1991.
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3
Martella, Luigi. La centralità di Cristo nella vita cristiana: Analisi del magistero CEI negli anni '80. Roma: Edizioni dehoniane, 1999.
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4
Linguistic emotivity: Centrality of place, the topic-comment dynamic, and an ideology of pathos in Japanese discourse. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Co., 2002.
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5
(Italy), Istituto superiore di sanità. Indicazioni per gli studi di impatto ambientale relativamente alla componente "salute pubblica": Centrali termoelettriche e turbogas. Roma: Istituto superiore di sanità, 1994.
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6
Maynard, Senko K. Linguistic emotivity: Centralitiy of place, the topic-comment dynamic, and an ideology of 'pathos' in Japanese discourse. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2002.
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7
Mescheryakova, Natalia, F. T. Aleskerov, and Sergey Shvydun. New Centrality Measures in Networks. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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8
Meghanathan, Natarajan. Centrality Metrics for Complex Network Analysis: Emerging Research and Opportunities. IGI Global, 2018.
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9
Aleskerov, Fuad, Sergey Shvydun, and Natalia Meshcheryakova. New Centrality Measures in Networks: How to Take into Account the Parameters of the Nodes and Group Influence of Nodes to Nodes. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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10
Aleskerov, Fuad, Sergey Shvydun, and Natalia Meshcheryakova. New Centrality Measures in Networks: How to Take into Account the Parameters of the Nodes and Group Influence of Nodes to Nodes. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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11
New Centrality Measures in Networks: How to Take into Account the Parameters of the Nodes and Group Influence of Nodes to Nodes. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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12
Democracy in Centralist and Federalist States.: A Comparative Analysis of the Federal Republic of Germany and France. Bonn: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Bonn, 1991.
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13
Peari, Sagi. Further Development and Implications. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190622305.003.0006.
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This chapter provides further observations, elaboration, demarcation, and application of CEF analysis (and its two foundational pillars of Choice and Equality) as to several key issues and topics of choice-of-law process. In particular, it offers discussion of CEF’s treatment and analysis in the following contexts: (1) CEF’s analysis of the tort law category, including discussion of the centrality of the parties’ reasonable expectations concept, the “conduct regulating”/“loss distribution” distinction, and the experience of the New York Court of Appeal; (2) CEF’s analysis of the lex fori solution to choice of law, including evaluation of Savigny’s rejection of lex-fori and its centrality within choice-of-law practice; (3) CEF’s analysis of so-called “mandatory rules”, including discussion of their origin, popularity, and relation to the party autonomy principle; and (4) CEF’s analysis of the substance-procedure distinction, including discussion of its nature, practice and future direction.
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Shaw, Mae, and Marjorie Mayo, eds. Class, Inequality and Community Development. Bristol University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.46692/9781447322481.
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This book, the second title in the Rethinking Community Development series, argues for the centrality of class analysis and its associated divisions of power to any discussion of the potential benefits of community development.
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Young, Alford A. Rethinking the Relationship of African American Men to the Street. Edited by Jeffrey C. Alexander, Ronald N. Jacobs, and Philip Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195377767.013.13.
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This article examines how the street has become a point of reference in scholarly and public discussions of the behavior of low-income African American men living in urban communities. It begins with a discussion of how the street has attained such an overriding centrality in the cultural analyses of low-income, urban-based African American men in public space, especially in the formation of images and understandings about them. It then considers how and why African American men have come to be viewed as a frighteningly disturbing presence on the street because of the social power they are assumed to have in affecting the actions and lives of others who make use of the streets. It also looks at various frameworks for the cultural analysis of African American men and concludes by arguing that the street has been both overdetermined and incompletely theorized in terms of its significance for cultural analysis.
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Auffarth, Christoph. Gift and Sacrifice. Edited by Michael Stausberg and Steven Engler. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198729570.013.39.
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This chapter discusses sacrifice and gift exchange as perspectives on ritual relations between gods and humans. It begins by noting the role of Protestant theology in emphasizing the centrality of sacrifice to religion and the contributions of Victorian evolutionist scholars as well as twentieth-century thinkers to the conceptualization of sacrifice. Problems with these analyses—and with interpretations of mythic narratives of sacrifice more generally—suggest the value of a comprehensive religio-historical analysis of sacrifice. This suggests the value of considering sacrifice within a more general framework: as communicative gift in a gift economy. Sacrificial ritual establishes ritual commensality, thus constituting a performance of social order and power. Anthropological concepts and typologies of gifting facilitate comparing and contrasting exchange relations between humans with those between humans and gods. More generally, it allows us to characterize the roles of exchange relations in society, thus adding to our understanding of religion’s social roles.
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Hurst, Steven. The United States and the Iranian Nuclear Programme. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748682638.001.0001.
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The United States, Iran and the Bomb provides the first comprehensive analysis of the US-Iranian nuclear relationship from its origins through to the signing of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in 2015. Starting with the Nixon administration in the 1970s, it analyses the policies of successive US administrations toward the Iranian nuclear programme. Emphasizing the centrality of domestic politics to decision-making on both sides, it offers both an explanation of the evolution of the relationship and a critique of successive US administrations' efforts to halt the Iranian nuclear programme, with neither coercive measures nor inducements effectively applied. The book further argues that factional politics inside Iran played a crucial role in Iranian nuclear decision-making and that American policy tended to reinforce the position of Iranian hardliners and undermine that of those who were prepared to compromise on the nuclear issue. In the final chapter it demonstrates how President Obama's alterations to American strategy, accompanied by shifts in Iranian domestic politics, finally brought about the signing of the JCPOA in 2015.
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Alexander, Gregory S. The Right to Exclude. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190860745.003.0006.
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The right to exclude others has been a controversial topic in property scholarship in recent years. Legal scholars have debated both the centrality of the right to exclude in the concept of ownership and the goods that the right seeks to gain for owners. Right-to-exclude disputes provide an opportunity to consider the method by which legal analysts would approach property disputes generally under the human flourishing theory. This chapter uses the controversy over public access to private beaches as the vehicle for considering the method by which legal analysts would approach property disputes generally under the human flourishing theory. This chapter provides methodological guidance for applying the pluralist human flourishing theory.
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D’Alessio, Giambattista. Fiction and Pragmatics in Ancient Greek Lyric. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805823.003.0002.
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This chapter offers an analysis of the ways in which the language of Sappho’s poems makes use of pragmatic elements that evoke a link to an extratextual world. Through this analysis, the dominant interpretative paradigm is questioned that sees Sappho’s poetry as primarily embedded within a ritual performance context, as well as the alternative reading that explains some of its most salient features as due to strategies enabled by the adoption of writing as a medium of communication. While emphasizing the centrality of performance as a theme and a concern in Sappho’s poems, the chapter shows how the texts often locate themselves outside a proper performative frame, providing a look at ritual from a marginal, personal, and yet powerfully exemplary perspective.
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Nyman, Jonna. ‘Common Sense’ Energy Security in the United States. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820444.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 examines ‘common sense’ energy security practices in the US. It discusses the role and history of energy and energy policy-making, before looking directly at how energy security has been practised in US policy since 2004. It then analyses how energy security was constructed in official discourse in the same time period, drawing out four key themes and the centrality of continued and increased domestic fossil fuel production to these themes. Together, it suggests, these practices create a ‘common sense’ understanding of energy security which has become accepted and difficult to challenge. The chapter concludes by showing some of the implications of this ‘common sense’, demonstrating that it produces an energy security paradox.
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Schwain, Kristin. The Bible and Art. Edited by Paul C. Gutjahr. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190258849.013.35.
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An artwork picturing biblical subject matter is never a straightforward depiction of a scriptural text. It is a visual translation of it, shaped by available models of interpretation, the aesthetic styles and visual cultures of the era, and the cultural contexts of its production, display, circulation, and reception. This chapter analyzes specific examples of American art to showcase the four primary functions performed by biblical subject matter throughout the nation’s history: to deliver moral instruction, engage sociopolitical concerns, assert communal identity, and render cultural criticism. The expansive and varied visual landscape that results testifies to the bible’s centrality in American art history.
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Nickel, James W. Assigning Functions to Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198713258.003.0009.
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Theorists who assign functions to human rights often simply announce them as if they were obvious. Assigning a defining or typical function to a concept, artefact, or practice is not a straightforward empirical matter. It requires observation of uses and products, but also requires judgements of centrality and importance and uses selection criteria that can conflict. The first section of this chapter analyses the assignment of functions to artefacts, concepts, and practices and identifies some key methodological issues. The two following sections explore those methodological issues in the works of three philosophers who assign functions to human rights—James Griffin, John Rawls, and Charles Beitz. The conclusion suggests some ways in which the debate between proponents of “orthodox” and “political” conceptions of human rights can be improved.
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Lazonick, William. The Functions of the Stock Market and the Fallacies of Shareholder Value. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805274.003.0006.
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This chapter analyses the evolution of US stock markets in terms of five functions: ‘control’, ‘cash’, ‘creation’, ‘combination’, and ‘compensation’. I argue for the centrality of the control function in supporting innovative enterprise in the rise of US managerial capitalism. I then consider how each of the five functions can encourage value creation or, alternatively, empower value extraction, and trace the evolving roles of the five functions of the stock market in major US business corporations over the past century. Drawing upon this history, I conclude by critiquing the dominant ideology that, for the sake of superior economic performance, a company should be run to ‘maximize shareholder value’ (MSV). I indicate how MSV undermines the social conditions of innovative enterprise: strategic control, organizational integration, and financial commitment.
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Finck, Michèle. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810896.003.0005.
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The conclusion briefly recalls the formal and functional narratives of the outsider and the insider that have been introduced to make sense of the status of local and regional authorities in EU law and then moves on to a brief analysis of the reasons for their coexistence. It reflects on the divergence between the law on the books and the law in action in this domain and illustrates the complexity of maintaining subnational diversity and identities in an age of interconnection. The centrality of polycentricity and interconnection and the weakening of formal paradigms of independence and autonomy hint at a currently occurring paradigm shift.
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Disch, Lisa. Representation. Edited by Lisa Disch and Mary Hawkesworth. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328581.013.51.
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The concept of representation may be second only to gender in its centrality to mid-twentieth-century feminist theory and practice. This chapter provides an overview of feminist explorations of the relationship between political representation and aesthetic/semiotic/cultural representation. It analyzes three approaches, comparing feminist discussions of “Vamps” (cultural representation), with “Visibility” (historical representation) and “Voice” (political representation) to emphasize the interdisciplinarity of feminist explorations of representation. Running through all three sections are concerns about the interplay between how representations picture women and who speaks for them, and how acts of representation work to constitute that for which they purport merely to stand.
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Patty, John W., and Elizabeth Maggie Penn. Network Theory and Political Science. Edited by Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery, and Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.12.
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This chapter considers the role of network theory in the study of political phenomena, the analytical theoretical basis of network analysis as applied in political science. Using the concepts of centrality, community, and connectivity, it discusses the relationship between the primitives of network theory and their relationship to empirical measurement of political networks. The chapter then discusses one of the most active areas of work on network theory in political science, models of network formation, and offers some concluding thoughts about future directions of network theory in political science. We argue that the deeper theorizing about political networks will complement and improve empirical scholarship on the role of networks in politics.
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Ali, Muna. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190664435.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter presents three vignettes that illustrate the four narratives that frame this book: the notion of an identity crisis among young Muslims, the purported conflict between a “pure or true” Islam and a “cultural” Islam, an alleged “Islamization of America,” and the imperative for creating an American Muslim community and culture. It also sketches the methodology employed in the book, detailing the centrality of a narrative framework from the inception of this project to its methods, the challenges encountered, the analysis, and ultimately to the production of this ethnographic narrative. This beginning chapter argues that narrative is a particularly useful way to examine identity.
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Buckingham, Jane. Disability and Work in South Asia and the United Kingdom. Edited by Michael Rembis, Catherine Kudlick, and Kim E. Nielsen. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190234959.013.12.
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Historical analyses, as well as more contemporary examples of disability and work, show that the experience of disability is always culturally and historically mediated, but that class—in the sense of economic status—plays a major role in the way impairment is experienced as disabling. Although there is little published on disability history in India, the history of the Indian experience of caste disability demonstrates the centrality of work in the social and economic expression of stigma and marginalization. An Indian perspective supports the challenge to the dominant Western view that modern concepts of disability have their origins in the Industrial Revolution. Linkage between disability, incapacity to work, and low socioeconomic status are evident in India, which did not undergo the workplace changes associated with industrialization in the West.
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Levinson, Stephen C. Speech Acts. Edited by Yan Huang. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697960.013.22.
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The essential insight of speech act theory was that when we use language, we perform actions—in a more modern parlance, core language use in interaction is a form of joint action. Over the last thirty years, speech acts have been relatively neglected in linguistic pragmatics, although important work has been done especially in conversation analysis. Here we review the core issues—the identifying characteristics, the degree of universality, the problem of multiple functions, and the puzzle of speech act recognition. Special attention is drawn to the role of conversation structure, probabilistic linguistic cues, and plan or sequence inference in speech act recognition, and to the centrality of deep recursive structures in sequences of speech acts in conversation.
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Jorio, Rosa De. The Heritagization of Islamic and Secular Architecture. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040276.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses the challenges encountered by state and quasi-state organizations in transforming some of the Djenné-based sacred sites into public heritage sites. It analyzes the centrality of Sudanese architecture in colonial and postcolonial representations of Mali, including the construction of models of the Great Mosque of Djenné in the context of worldwide expositions featuring Mali's artistic and artisanal products. It highlights some of the additional challenges (and possibilities) opened up by the inscription of the towns of Djenné on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list and Djennenkés' critical perspectives on the criteria and objectives overseeing the management of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Through an analysis grounded in a postcolonial revision of Bennett's exhibitionary complex, the chapter also addresses state and quasi-state attempts to diversify the selection of the cultural patrimony to be restored. It examines the reinvention of the youth house of the Saho, which is being reconceived in bureaucratic reports and the media as an example of Mal's secular patrimony. Such transformations in state narratives of the Saho represent an effort to mitigate opposition by religious leaders—whose perspectives are shaped not merely by religious concerns but also by an array of other considerations (including economic and political ones).
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Murray, Christopher. O’Casey and the City. Edited by Nicholas Grene and Chris Morash. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198706137.013.13.
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Seán O’Casey’s first three produced plays are often referred to as the ‘Dublin Trilogy’. They were not conceived as a trilogy but they are centrally concerned with representing the city, a relatively new departure in Irish theatre at the time. This chapter draws on theories of the city to analyse some of the ways in which tenement life and the urban society around it are dramatized in the first Dublin plays, before moving on to consider how O’Casey treated the city in later non-naturalistic works such asWithin the GatesandRed Roses for Me. This consideration of O’Casey’s urban theatre underlines both the social radicalism of his work and, in particular, the centrality of the 1913 Lockout to his understanding of the Irish urban working classes. Ultimately, this focus on the city as the main player in O’Casey’s work provides a fresh focus for one of the most important Irish writers of the past century .
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Chang, Jason Oliver. Introduction Finding Mexico’s Chinese, Encountering the Mestizo State. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040863.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces the subject of the Chinese presence in Mexico through their distorted representation in a state museum. The history of Chinese Mexicans provides new ways to analyze the formation of mestizo national identity in Revolutionary Mexico. This chapter introduces the significance of the 1917 constitution by linking its legal definition of the government’s obligation to protect the population with the historical development of racial domination. The methodological approach of an Asian Americanist critique is explored to show why attention to the discursive and ideological construction of racialized Asian difference is important to conceptions of the Mexican national state. In showing the centrality of race in the Mexican governance, the chapter lays out a comparative racial formation approach that examines the role of anti-Chinese politics in the reformulation of citizenship, state power, and national identity after the 1910 revolution.
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Pentland, Gordon. Parliamentary Reform. Edited by David Brown, Gordon Pentland, and Robert Crowcroft. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198714897.013.29.
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This chapter evaluates the large volume of creative scholarship that has reinterpreted and recast our understanding of the ‘heroic age’ of parliamentary reform before the early twentieth century. In doing so, it argues that this varied body of work in itself highlights the value of parliamentary reform as an area for historical research, not least because it has acted as a fertile source of new questions and approaches for political history more generally. Its centrality to accounts of Britain’s political past makes the conspicuous absence of historical accounts of parliamentary reform over the longue durée puzzling. The chapter ends by discussing whether a long-term analysis of parliamentary reform is desirable or possible and examining the potential for historical research into parliamentary reform after 1945.
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González, José M. Hesiod’s Rhetoric of Exhortation. Edited by Alexander C. Loney and Stephen Scully. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190209032.013.36.
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This chapter examines Hesiod’s rhetoric of exhortation under the ancient discourse modality of the ainos. As a mode of discourse focused on audience construction and reception, attention to the Panhellenic shape of Hesiod’s ainetic speech reaffirms the conventionality of the biographical frame narrative. The rhetorical aim of this exhortation is to encourage the audience to join the performer in his praise and censure. After establishing the interpretative centrality of reception and introducing the pragmatic function of the ainos, I consider in turn the role of the two Erides, the basilēes (“magistrates”), Perses, and Hesiod. From this analysis the Works and Days comes clearly into view as inspired and authoritative Panhellenic exhortation, a performance of justice that aims squarely at the external polis audience.
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Stratigakos, Despina, Andrew Wallace-Hadrill, Katherine L. French, Amanda Flather, Clive Edwards, Jane Hamlett, Despina Stratigakos, and Joanne Berry, eds. A Cultural History of the Home in the Modern Age. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474207188.
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In the last century, our understandings of home have changed profoundly in the wake of revolutionary new technologies and communications, medical advances, global wars and migration, celebrity and consumer cultures, liberation movements, and redefinitions of marriage and family. The rapidity of social transformation in this era has evoked feelings of possibility in the disruption of norms, but also of unease in the dissolution of traditions. These changes have also challenged dominant ideologies of private and public spheres and revealed the porous boundaries between home and the world beyond. The essays in this volume explore the home’s centrality in debates since the end of the First World War about our identities, resources, hopes, and anxieties as individuals and communities. In their analyses of the complexity and elusiveness of meanings of home, the physical materiality of the home – its objects, spaces, and layout – comes under close scrutiny.
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Omorogbe, Yinka. Universal Access to Modern Energy Services. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819837.003.0002.
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This chapter examines the role that law plays in the enablement and empowerment of the world’s energy poor, with a particular focus on Africa, and in doing so, provides the rationale for the research. Against the background of contemporary measures to promote universal access to modern energy services, it critically analyses key concepts such as energy poverty, sustainable development and access to energy. The role of the law as a critical component for achieving this goal and the need for its centrality to be recognized as a necessary ingredient for success is ultimately reinforced. Further, the chapter discusses key concepts such as energy poverty, sustainable development, and access to energy, which underpin most of the contributions, and then highlights the indispensability of modern energy as an essential component of sustainable development. It highlights the need for complementary pro-energy-poor policies and critical success factors of energy planning and finance.
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Mahmood, Zaad. Partisan Government and Interest Groups. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199475278.003.0005.
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The chapter further elaborates the theme of partisanship by analysing the role of business groups and trade unions in shaping labour market reforms. The chapter evaluates business and trade unions as contending interests in shaping labour reforms across the states to explain variations in labour market. Disaggregated analysis of relative strength and organization of the interest groups shows that the influence of interest groups depends more on their proximity to the government than material resources or their organizational capacity. This is most evident in Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh where relative strength of business groups and trade unions do not corroborate labour market outcomes. The finding reaffirms the centrality of governments and political parties due to the historical weakness of civil society organizations and legacy of state intervention in India.
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Shepherd, Laura J. Women in UN Peacebuilding Discourse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199982721.003.0004.
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This chapter explores the representation of women in UN peacebuilding discourse that the author has curated and outlines the various ways in which women are associated with, and determined as subjects by, peace and security practices. The chapter develops an analysis of women as victims of violence and the representation of women as “agents of change,” with particular reference to the constitution of women’s economic agency, and the construction of women as rights-bearing subjects upon whom various expectations are placed in the peacebuilding context. The author argues, ultimately, that the association of women with civil society, and the depoliticization of their roles as economic actors, even as great emphasis is placed on the centrality of women’s empowerment to peacebuilding success, function to heavily circumscribe women’s meaningful participation in peacebuilding.
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Ricketts, Mónica. Toward a New Imperial Elite. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190494889.003.0002.
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This chapter analyzes the commitment of the Bourbon Crown to create a new power elite in which they could trust. This project was first implemented in Spain and then in America. While the new Bourbon monarchy’s main goals were to centralize and curtail local power, it cared deeply about forging strong bonds of loyalty with its subjects, especially after the outbreak of revolutions and violence in the Atlantic world. Hence, the Crown also tried to bring elites from the Spanish Peninsula and Spanish America. These policies laid the ground for the rise of a common and parallel political history of Peninsular and American elites in the late Spanish Empire.
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Lincoln, James R., and Matthew Sargent. Business Groups as Networks. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717973.003.0004.
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This chapter explores how business groups can be viewed as networks; whether and how some groups are more “network-like” than others; and how formal network concepts and analytic methods may facilitate the study of a number of salient problems in business-group research. Much of the business-group literature treats a firm’s affiliation with a group as an “all or nothing” dichotomy. The network lens, however, forces the analyst to unpack the coarse dichotomy of “group” and “stand-alone” into an array of constituent relations, equivalences, and complementarities, which can in turn be mapped to outcomes such as strategy, operations, and performance. We first consider how attention to such formal network properties as density, connectivity, centrality, and clustering may advance business-group research. We then examine the degree to which a number of group configurations approximate the ideal type “network form”—a leading-edge mode of economic organization in the global economy.
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Luttrell, Wendy. Children Framing Childhoods. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447352853.001.0001.
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Urban educational research, practice, and policy is preoccupied with problems, brokenness, stigma, and blame. As a result, too many people are unable to recognize the capacities and desires of children and youth growing up in working-class communities. This book offers an alternative angle of vision—animated by young people's own photographs, videos, and perspectives over time. It shows how a racially, ethnically, and linguistically diverse community of young people in Worcester, Massachusetts, used cameras at different ages to capture and value the centrality of care in their lives, homes, and classrooms. The book's layered analysis of the young people's images and narratives boldly refutes biased assumptions about working-class childhoods and re-envisions schools as inclusive, imaginative, and “careful” spaces. The book challenges us to see differently and, thus, set our sights on a better future.
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Dourish, Paul. Protocols, Packets, and Proximity. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039362.003.0008.
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This chapter analyzes the materialities of Internet protocols, focusing on the relationship between content and conduit, which involves both the compression and modulation of signals. Network protocols are shaped by material constraints. Similarly, the centrality of routing to the Internet can be understood materially in terms of the arrangement of network nodes, the cost of routing, the structure of networks, the size of routing tables, and the dynamics of connectivity. Critically, this materiality cuts across apparently different domains of concern—from the practice of network operations to the rhetoric of democratic access. The chapter then contrasts two different protocols, the Routing Information Protocol and the Exterior Gateway Protocol, which emerged in different historical moments and cultural conditions. Examining the social construction of these network protocols can help differentiate the actual Internet from a possible or imagined Internet.
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Chesebrough, David B. Frederick Douglass. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400653704.
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Frederick Douglass, once a slave, was one of the great 19th century American orators and the most important African American voice of his era. This book traces the development of his rhetorical skills, discusses the effect of his oratory on his contemporaries, and analyzes the specific oratorical techniques he employed. The first part is a biographical sketch of Douglass's life, dealing with his years of slavery (1818-1837), his prewar years of freedom (1837-1861), the Civil War (1861-1865), and postwar years (1865-1895). Chesebrough emphasizes the centrality of oratory to Douglass's life, even during the years in slavery. The second part looks at his oratorical techniques and concludes with three speeches from different periods. Students and scholars of communications, U.S. history, slavery, the Civil War and Reconstruction, and African American studies will be interested in this book.
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Gerstle, Gary. The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197519646.001.0001.
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The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order analyses the history of a political order that emerged in the United States in the 1970s and 1980s, dominated American politics in the 1990s and 2000s, and fractured during the 2010s when Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders rose to prominence. Its power was built on an array of donors, policy entrepreneurs, and politicians that coalesced under Reagan. That coalition overturned the regulatory regime and ideological hegemony of New Deal order that had dominated American politics for forty years and made neoliberalism America’s dominant creed of political economy. The book argues that neoliberalism is a better term than conservatism for understanding the politics of this era. At the same time, it reworks the meaning and significance of neoliberalism. First, it insists that neoliberalism was much closer in character to the ideology of 19th century classical liberalism than is commonly acknowledged. Second, it argues that an elite-driven model for understanding neoliberalism is not sufficient to understand this ideology’s broad appeal; one must also reckon with how its promise of individual freedom drew both working-class Americans and erstwhile New Leftists to its banner. Third, the book identifies the collapse of the Soviet Union and of its legitimating ideology—communism—as critical factors in the neoliberal order’s triumph and restores the centrality of the Cold War to an understanding of our time. The book concludes with an analysis about how the problems left unsolved by the neoliberal order paved the way for Donald Trump’s rise and triumph.
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Short, Courtney A. Uniquely Okinawan. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823288380.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores the planning considerations of the United States military in formulating and implementing policy for the occupation of Okinawa from April 1945 to July 1946. American soldiers, Marines, and sailors on Okinawa encountered not only a Japanese enemy, but a large local population. The Okinawans were ethically different from the Japanese, yet Okinawa shared politics with Japan as a legal prefecture. When devising occupation policies, the United States military analyzed practical military considerations such as resources, weapons capability and terrain, as well as attempted to ascertain a conclusive definition of Okinawa’s relation to Japan through conscious, open, rational analysis of racial and ethnic identity. While the Marines held steadfast to the image of the enemy civilian, soldiers’ ideas about the race, ethnicity, and identity of the Okinawans evolved through their interactions with the civilians on the battlefield. As the population exhibited obedience and cooperation, the Army expressed feelings of kinship toward the civilians and reshaped its military government policies toward leniency. With the exception of the Marines, the U.S. military recognized the Okinawans as competent and civilized: a group that formed a distinct, separate, unique ethnic community that was neither American nor Japanese in its likeness. Considerations of race, ethnicity, and identity by the Americans deeply influenced the conduct of the occupation beyond practical concerns of resources and battlefield conditions. The mercurial nature of the identity of the Okinawans displays both the malleability of race and ethnicity and its centrality in occupation planning.
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Ellison, Nicole B., and Danah M. Boyd. Sociality Through Social Network Sites. Edited by William H. Dutton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589074.013.0008.
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This chapter reports authoritative insights into one of the most significant developments related to social interaction – social network sites – and offers an analytic framework for exploring these new sites, while underscoring the centrality of social interaction since the Internet's earliest days, such as through email. Social network sites (SNSs) presented several characteristics that made it possible for individuals to easily update their profiles. The implicit role of communication and information sharing has become the driving motivator for participation. The concept of ‘Web 2.0’ was an industry-driven phenomenon, hyped by the news media and by business analysts alike. Social network sites emerged out of the Web 2.0 and social media phenomena, mixing new technologies and older computer-mediated communication practices infused by tech industry ideals. Server-level data offer a unique opportunity to access elaborated behavioural data about what people are doing on SNSs.
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Boyd, Barbara Weiden. Seeing Double: Ovid’s Diomedes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190680046.003.0003.
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Chapter 2 focuses on the Homeric character Diomedes and his appearances in Ovid’s poetry. It begins with a detailed discussion of the scene in Iliad Book 4 in which Agamemnon chastises Diomedes for not being quicker to join the fighting, comparing him to his detriment with his father, Tydeus. The discussion focuses on a small but significant ambiguity in this episode regarding Diomedes’s response to Agamemnon, and then proceeds to a more general consideration of the centrality of paternity to Homeric values. A reading informed by the poetics of metatextuality suggests the relevance of this scene to Ovid’s relationship with Homer. The remainder of the chapter offers a detailed analysis of two episodes in the Ovidian corpus featuring Diomedes, Amores 1.7 and an episode in Metamorphoses Book 14, and suggests how Ovid uses them as opportunities to position himself as the poetic “son” of Homer.
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Jassen, Alex P. The Prophets in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Edited by Carolyn J. Sharp. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859559.013.20.
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This chapter examines the reception of the prophets in the Dead Sea Scrolls. It begins by outlining what books of the sectarian communities of the Dead Sea Scrolls would have been considered in the corpus of ancient prophets. The chapter then analyzes growing centrality of the interpretation of prophetic texts for Jews in the Second Temple period. The Pesharim interpret the words of the ancient prophets as literary ciphers that when properly decoded reveal the origins, unfolding history, and eschatological future of the sectarian communities. Expanded prophetic narratives appropriate the voice of the ancient prophets to create new compositions that either rewrote the words of the ancient prophet or recast the prophetic identity in a new literary setting. The chapter further explores the ways in which the sectarians regarded themselves as recipients of ongoing revelation and therefore saw themselves in continuity with the prophets of old.
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Austin, Michael W. Philosophy, Theology, and Christian Virtue. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830221.003.0001.
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This chapter contains a preliminary discussion of the importance and centrality of humility for the Christian moral life, and examines some initial ways of understanding the nature of this virtue, including a discussion of the biblical term tapeinophrosune. This word can be translated as humility or lowliness of mind. There are different ways of understanding the nature of humility, i.e., there is controversy over what it is and what it requires of those who seek to exemplify this trait. The main focus of the chapter is an explanation and defense of analytic moral theology, the methodological approach the book takes in its analysis of the moral virtue of humility. This chapter argues that analytic moral theology can help to clarify the nature of humility in a way that is conducive to moral and spiritual formation, if it is done with these ends in mind.
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Smeets, Roel. Character Constellations. Leuven University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11116/9789461664129.
Full textAbstract:
Fiction has a major social impact, not least because it co-shapes the image that society has of various social groups. Drawing on a collection of 170 contemporary Dutch-language novels, Character Constellations presents a range of data-driven, statistical models to study depictions of characters in terms of gender, race, ethnicity, class, age, sexuality, and other identity categories. Incorporating the tools of network analysis, each chapter highlights an aspect of fictional social networks that affects the representation of social groups: their centrality, their communities, and their conflicts. While reading individual novels in light of emerging statistical patterns, combining the formal methods of social network analysis with the interpretive tools of narratology, this study shows how central societal themes such as (in)equality and emancipation, integration and segregation, and social mobility and class struggle are foregrounded, replicated, or distorted in the Dutch novel. Showcasing what character-based critiques of literary representation gain by integrating data-driven methods into the practice of critical close reading, Character Constellations contributes to societal debates on cultural representation and identity and the role fiction and art have in those debates.