Academic literature on the topic 'Analogue Design Processes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Analogue Design Processes"
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Stopa, Lusia, and David M. Clark. "SOCIAL PHOBIA: COMMENTS ON THE VIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF AN ANALOGUE RESEARCH STRATEGY AND BRITISH NORMS FOR THE FEAR OF NEGATIVE EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 29, no. 4 (October 2001): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465801004039.
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This paper discusses the viability of an analogue research design for studying key processes in social phobia by comparing individuals who score high and low on the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (FNE: Watson & Friend, 1969). Research indicates remarkable consistency in the processes that distinguish patients with social phobia from controls and high FNE volunteers from low FNE volunteers. Unfortunately, all existing FNE norms are based on North American populations. The present paper presents British student norms and suggests possible cut-off points for defining groups for analogue research. Advantages of the analogue strategy include rapid piloting of new paradigms and the use of more complex experimental designs that require substantial sample sizes. Limitations of analogue research are also highlighted.
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Matthews, Linda, and Samantha Donnelly. "Analogue x digital: Parallel techniques for design learning." Drawing: Research, Theory, Practice 4, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/drtp_00004_1.
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Abstract With urban space under the ubiquitous scrutiny of digital visioning technologies, the city is now imaged by means of a pixel grid containing ephemeral, qualitative data presented as colour, brightness and shape. Unlike traditional analogue pictorial representational modes, the digital image is a highly transformable mechanism with an unstable distribution of data across its pixel array. As a consequence, representation in the form of spatial abstraction demands not only a new approach to the learning and implementation of traditional disciplinary drawing practice, but a rethinking of the alignment and cooperative nature of analogue and digital drawing models when applied to effective design development. In a pedagogical context, the transition of spatial representation between analogue and digital modes has profound implications for how the student connects seminal drawing and design processes to both the sensorial realm and the physical experience of lived space. This paper therefore explores the enhancement of tertiary learning in digital and abstract literacy through new drawing techniques. Underpinned by a new relationship between representation and envisioned physical space, the techniques are applied within learning environments in parallel with existing analogue pictorial procedures. By building curriculum for foundational students that provides a framework of linked spatial experiences aligned across analogue and digital domains and coupled with tasks focused on the development of conceptual thinking, it proposes increased student success in future studios and professional practice.
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Didmanidze, Otari, Nikolay Pulyaev, Sergey Devyanin, and Dzhabir Asadov. "Digital analogue of an agricultural tractor." MATEC Web of Conferences 341 (2021): 00058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134100058.
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Today the trend in the digitalisation of all economic spheres is particularly noticeable. Agriculture is no exception here. According to forecasts, the agribusiness transition to Industry-4.0 will increase the yield by 10 %. One of the digital design and modeling technologies is the use of digital analogues of objects or processes. This technology can be applied to an agricultural tractor or other power device. Using this approach will allow you to plan the annual load of machines, taking into account their maintenance condition, efficiency of use, etc. Also such a system will allow to choose the optimal operating modes of agricultural machinery, which in turn will increase its capacity, yield and reduce losses.
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Ivanova, Tatyana N., Aleksandr I. Korshunov, Jozef Peterka, Ivan A. Ratnikov, and Peter Pokorny. "The Possibility of Modeling Parts in Production Technology." Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 3, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 359–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mape-2020-0031.
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AbstractThe object of the research is a part “Flange half of differential case”, which has complex shape of a housing. The subjects of the research are the processes of selection of analogue material, workpiece production method, and justification of the structural and technological parameters of a part, taking into account 3D-modeling of the structure, deformations, displacements, stresses, and safety factor. The selection of analogue material is connected with suspension of production of open-hearth steel grade Mst.6 GOST 380-50. The objectives of the work include juxtaposition of computer models of deformations, displacements, stresses, safety factors of the part made of different analogue materials; comparison of models according workpiece production methods with consideration of material utilization ratio, structural and technological features of resulting workpieces. For modelling we have chosen the several types of materials. Research on modelling processes was fulfilled by means of software of Kompasv17, Solid Works, Solid works simulation. Volumetric models of parts and workpieces for all studied materials have been created taking into account the deformations, displacements, stresses, and safety factor. There results of modelling of “Flange half of differential case” allowed us to make recommendations for production conditions. These recommendations include the use of steel 45 GOST 1050-2013 as analogue material, hot forging of a workpiece on a horizontal forging machine, creating of design and technological documentation for the manufacture of the part.
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Davis, Mark I., and David M. Clark. "PREDICTORS OF ANALOGUE POST-TRAUMATIC INTRUSIVE COGNITIONS." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 26, no. 4 (November 1998): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465898264022.
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Previous research on vulnerability to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been restricted by the absence of prospective studies that measure individual differences prior to traumatization. This study investigated the predictors of analogue post-traumatic intrusive cognitions using a fully prospective design. Non-patient participants completed a range of predictor measures before being exposed to a film about a traumatic fire. Film-induced changes in negative mood were also assessed. Subsequent intrusions were measured both within the experimental session and for a further seven days. The hypothesized predictors were: neuroticism, trait anxiety, extraversion, depression, a general tendency to suppress unpleasant thoughts, beliefs about being “at risk” from fire, mental imagery, self-rated proneness to intrusions and negative mood changes. The results showed that intrusions were predicted by film-induced increases in negative mood, thought suppression tendencies, beliefs about vulnerability to fire and self-rated proneness to intrusive cognitions. The findings are discussed in relation to the literature on thought suppression and cognitive processes in PTSD.
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Wang, Yujia, Chengwei Sun, Fengyuan Gan, Hongyun Li, Qihuang Gong, and Jianjun Chen. "Sharp phase variations from the plasmon mode causing the Rabi-analogue splitting." Nanophotonics 6, no. 5 (June 24, 2017): 1101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0163.
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AbstractThe Rabi-analogue splitting in nanostructures resulting from the strong coupling of different resonant modes is of importance for lasing, sensing, switching, modulating, and quantum information processes. To give a clearer physical picture, the phase analysis instead of the strong coupling is provided to explain the Rabi-analogue splitting in the Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavity, of which one end mirror is a metallic nanohole array and the other is a thin metal film. The phase analysis is based on an analytic model of the FP cavity, in which the reflectance and the reflection phase of the end mirrors are dependent on the wavelength. It is found that the Rabi-analogue splitting originates from the sharp phase variation brought by the plasmon mode in the FP cavity. In the experiment, the Rabi-analogue splitting is realized in the plasmonic-photonic coupling system, and this splitting can be continually tuned by changing the length of the FP cavity. These experimental results agree well with the analytic and simulation data, strongly verifying the phase analysis based on the analytic model. The phase analysis presents a clear picture to understand the working mechanism of the Rabi-analogue splitting; thus, it may facilitate the design of the plasmonic-photonic and plasmonic-plasmonic coupling systems.
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Sartori, Julian, Ujjwal Pal, and Amaresh Chakrabarti. "A methodology for supporting “transfer” in biomimetic design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 24, no. 4 (October 25, 2010): 483–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060410000351.
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AbstractBiomimetics involves transfer from one or more biological examples to a technical system. This study addresses four questions. What are the essential steps in a biomimetic process? What is transferred? How can the transferred knowledge be structured in a way useful for biologists and engineers? Which guidelines can be given to support transfer in biomimetic design processes? In order to identify the essential steps involved in carrying out biomimetics, several procedures found in the literature were summarized, and four essential steps that are common across these procedures were identified. For identification of mechanisms for transfer, 20 biomimetic examples were collected and modeled according to a model of causality called the SAPPhIRE model. These examples were then analyzed for identifying the underlying similarity between each biological and corresponding analogue technical system. Based on the SAPPhIRE model, four levels of abstraction at which transfer takes place were identified. Taking into account similarity, the biomimetic examples were assigned to the appropriate levels of abstraction of transfer. Based on the essential steps and the levels of transfer, guidelines for supporting transfer in biomimetic design were proposed and evaluated using design experiments. The 20 biological and analogue technical systems that were analyzed were similar in the physical effects used and at the most abstract levels of description of their functionality, but they were the least similar at the lowest levels of abstraction: the parts involved. Transfer most often was carried out at the physical effect level of abstraction. Compared to a generic set of guidelines based on the literature, the proposed guidelines improved design performance by about 60%. Further, the SAPPhIRE model turned out to be a useful representation for modeling complex biological systems and their functionality. Databases of biological systems, which are structured using the SAPPhIRE model, have the potential to aid biomimetic concept generation.
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Mirkovic, Dejan, and Predrag Petkovic. "Design automation of ΔΣ switched capacitor modulators using spice and MATLAB." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 11, no. 1 (2014): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee131017005m.
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Concerning the fact that the design of contemporary integrated circuits (IC) is practically impossible without using sophisticated Electronic Design Automation (EDA) software, this paper gives some interesting thoughts and considerations about that issue. As technology processes advances on year basis consequently EDA industry is forced to follow this trend as well. This, on the other hand, requires IC designer to frequently and efficiently accommodate to new working environments. Authors of this paper suggest a method for high level circuit analysis that is based on using common (open source or low cost) circuit simulators but precise and fast enough to meet requirements imposed by demanding mixed-signal blocks. The paper demonstrates the proposed EDA procedure on an example of second order ?? modulator design. It illustrates considerable simulation time saving which is more than welcome in a world of analogue and mixed-signal design.
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Aminah, Siti, Asep Deni Mulyadi, and Yuliadi Erdani. "The Wireless Acquisition Data System Simulator Design on Automatic Weather Monitoring Station." MOTIVECTION : Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46574/motivection.v1i3.33.
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The Wireless Acquisition Data System Simulator Design on Automatic Weather Monitoring Station is means of collecting, monitoring, and controlling some long distance subsystems. Automatic weather monitoring station is device for receiving data by a censor in use to gauge some weather parameters. In this Research we develop an automatic weather monitoring station design simulator by creating a subsystem in the form of prototype, using Digital Pin and Analog Pin from the microcontroller. Sensor characteristics are considered to measure several weather parameters. The principles of a system function are it will have to collect data from some subsystems to accommodate in a database, able to control and deliver instructions to the subsystem. The communication system makes the use of radio frequency by means of Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) method through Handy Talky (HT), picked out because advantages of lower power consumptions and long range of transmission. Additional advantages are, although catastrophes, data communication using HT allows to keep fast transmission. The transmission of data using HT media require a signal converter by which HT is operated by analogue signal (sound), while censor and microcontroller by digital signal and, therefore, Modulation and Demodulation techniques are necessary. The Modulation functions to convert digital signal into analogue, and just the opposite to the Demodulation, the Modulation and Demodulation processes is using IC TCM3105. The results of the trial suggest that system design has proper functions, the communication process in this system is two-ways communication, the process was fast working in either transmitter mode or receiver mode.
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Giannouli, Vassiliki, Nikolaos Lougiakis, Ioannis K. Kostakis, Nicole Pouli, Panagiotis Marakos, Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis, David A. Horne, Sangkil Nam, Katerina Gioti, and Roxane Tenta. "Design and Synthesis of New Substituted Pyrazolopyridines with Potent Antiproliferative Activity." Medicinal Chemistry 16, no. 2 (February 20, 2020): 176–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573406415666190222130225.
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Background: Purine isosteres are often endowed with interesting pharmacological properties, due to their involvement in cellular processes replacing the natural purines. Among these compounds, pyrazolopyridines are under active investigation for potential anticancer properties. Objective: Based on previously discovered substituted pyrazolopyridines with promising antiproliferative activity, we designed and synthesized new, suitably substituted analogues aiming to investigate their potential activity and contribute to SAR studies of this class of bioactive compounds. Methods: The new compounds were synthesized using suitably substituted 2-amino-4-picolines, which upon ring-closure provided substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c] pyridine-5-carbonitriles that served as key intermediates for the preparation of the target 3,5,7 trisubstituted derivatives. The antiproliferative activity of 31 new target derivatives was evaluated against three cancer cell lines (MIA PaCa-2, PC-3 and SCOV3), whereas cell-cycle perturbations of exponentially growing PC-3 cells, using three selected derivatives were also performed. Results: Eight compounds displayed IC50 values in the low μM range, allowing the extraction of interesting SAR’s. Two of the most potent compounds against all cell lines share a common pattern, by accumulating cells at the G0/G1 phase. From this project, a new carboxamidine-substituted hit has emerged. Conclusion: Among the new compounds, those possessing the 3-phenylpyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine scaffold, proved to be worth investigating and the majority of them showed strong cytotoxic activity against all cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 0.87-4.3 µM. A carboxamidine analogue that resulted from the synthetic procedure, proved to be highly active against the cancer cells and could be considered as a useful lead for further optimization.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Analogue Design Processes"
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Diokh, Thérèse. "Développement des technologies mémoires "back-end" résistives à base d'oxydes pour application dans des "Systems on Chip" avancés." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT048.
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Les mémoires résistives non volatiles à bases d'oxydes métalliques suscitent un intérêt croissant chez les industriels. Plus particulièrement, les mémoires non volatiles à base d'oxydes (OxRRAM) offrent des temps de programmation et d'accès très court, une faible consommation énergétique, un coût par bit très concurrentiel et une facilité de co-intégration dans le back-end avec du CMOS avancé. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif le développement d'une mémoire OxRRAM facilement intégrable dans une technologie de fabrication CMOS avancée afin de montrer les avantages en vue de leur application dans des SoC. Une première étape fut la fabrication et l'analyse des cellules mémoires OxRRAM intégrant différents oxydes métalliques afin de choisir la solution la plus adaptée à être intégrée dans une technologie CMOS 65nm et 28nm. Des techniques de mesures dédiées ont été mises en place afin d'établir l'impact du diélectrique sur le fonctionnement de la mémoire OxRRAM en termes de polarisation, de temps de programmation, de courant de programmation et de mécanismes de transition. Des études statistiques et de fiabilité des différents états du point mémoire ont été aussi réalisées. La modélisation associée a permis de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de vieillissements et prédire des lois de durée de vie sous champ et en température des état écrit et effacé de la cellule OxRRAM. Les données expérimentales obtenues sur les cellules ont ensuite permis de concevoir et d'optimiser un circuit d'évaluation statistique de 16 Kbit en technologie CMOS 28nm en tenant compte de toutes les contraintes de design analogiqueOxide-based Resistive Random Acces Memories (OxRRAM) are nowadays considered among the most promising solutions for future generation of low-cost embedded non-volatile memories. The advantages of these memories are the scalability, low power consumption, high speed, complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology (CMOS) compatibility and ease of fabrication (the memory cell consisting of a Metal–Insulator– Metal (MIM) structure integrated in the back-end-of-line, plus an addressing element, i.e. a transistor or a diode) . The potential applications range from consumer – communications to automotive – industrial. This work deals with the development of an OxRRAM demonstrator into an advanced CMOS technology for System on Chip (SoC) application. We discuss the impact of different dielectrics materials (Ta2O5, ZrO2 and HfO2) and electrodes (Pt, Ti, TiN) on the memory performances and reliability in order to choose the best couple dielectric/electrode. We focus on the understanding of the memory switching physics that is involved in the programming of OxRRAM bit-cells. The failure and transition mechanism are presented for lifetime prediction. Some methodologies are presented in this PhD thesis for the optimization of the OxRRAM bit-cell performances and sizes according to a targeted Mutliple Time Programmable (MTP) memory application. We developed analog block systems to control and address the OxRRAM bit-cell taking to account the bipolar switching characteristics of the devices. Finally, these solutions are to be validated using a 1-kb OxRRAM demonstrator yet designed and fabricated in a logic 28-nm node CMOS technology. Keywords: Oxide Resistive memory (OxRRAM), High-k, MIM, CMOS, Characterization, Reliability, Modeling, Analog Design, Simulation
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Gerstheimer, Oliver. "Service Design = Kognitives Design – Über die Gestaltung von Berührungspunkten und Perzeption in analogen und digitalen Benutzungskontexten." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-223704.
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Intro
„Sieben von zehn Euro wurden im Jahr 2015 in Deutschland mit Dienstleistung, also Serviceangeboten umgesetzt.“
(Statista, 2015)
Was zeichnet das Design einer guten, neuen Dienstleistung aus – Erlebnis, positive Emotion, Zufriedenheit und Vertrautheit, der Wunsch nach Wiederholung?
Es geht darum alltagstaugliche Dienstleistungsinnovationen ganz nah am Menschen zu entwickeln. Eine organisatorisch durchgängige, gesamtheitliche Gestaltung von Service-Produkt-Systemen ist dafür notwendig.
Gutes Service-Design hat einen markanten Unterschied zu gewohnten und vorherigen Lösungen – es bietet dem Kunden einen hohen Erlebnisfaktor, Neuheitsgrad, spürbaren Mehrwert und darüber nachhaltige Weitererzählungsfaktoren an.
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Gerstheimer, Oliver. "Service Design = Kognitives Design – Über die Gestaltung von Berührungspunkten und Perzeption in analogen und digitalen Benutzungskontexten." Technische Universität Dresden, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30286.
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Intro
„Sieben von zehn Euro wurden im Jahr 2015 in Deutschland mit Dienstleistung, also Serviceangeboten umgesetzt.“
(Statista, 2015)
Was zeichnet das Design einer guten, neuen Dienstleistung aus – Erlebnis, positive Emotion, Zufriedenheit und Vertrautheit, der Wunsch nach Wiederholung?
Es geht darum alltagstaugliche Dienstleistungsinnovationen ganz nah am Menschen zu entwickeln. Eine organisatorisch durchgängige, gesamtheitliche Gestaltung von Service-Produkt-Systemen ist dafür notwendig.
Gutes Service-Design hat einen markanten Unterschied zu gewohnten und vorherigen Lösungen – es bietet dem Kunden einen hohen Erlebnisfaktor, Neuheitsgrad, spürbaren Mehrwert und darüber nachhaltige Weitererzählungsfaktoren an.
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Pereira, Priscila Zavadil. "O pensamento criativo no processo projetual : proposta de um framework para auxiliar a criatividade em grupos de design." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/149852.
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A criatividade no design envolve um processo, que inclui tanto o processo cognitivo do indivíduo, quanto os processos de criação, de projeto e de comunicação. O pensamento criativo do indivíduo, com suas operações cognitivas e conhecimentos armazenados, permite a criação de novas conexões entre ideias. Entretanto, considerando uma perspectiva contextual e sistêmica, os pensamentos individuais serão também estimulados e influenciados por contextos sociais e trabalhos em grupos, nos quais as ideias são desenvolvidas também a partir da expressão e comunicação do pensamento do outro. Neste processo, o pensamento por analogias mostrou-se como um procedimento cognitivo fundamental para a formação de combinações e novas relações que são percebidas e então reorganizadas em uma ideia nova. Contudo, há lacunas a respeito do assunto, sobre como auxiliar esse tipo de pensamento nos indivíduos e que estratégias, métodos e estímulos podem ser utilizados em processo criativos em grupo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta tese é desenvolver um framework para auxiliar o processo criativo em design, centrando-se no pensamento por analogias, que identifique estratégias e mecanismos que apoiem esse processo em indivíduos e grupos de projeto. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura sobre criatividade, processo e pensamento criativo, bem como a respeito do pensamento por analogias e a sua ocorrência enquanto no pensamento criativo em design. A seguir, a fim de compreender o entendimento dos designers sobre o processo criativo e os facilitadores do pensamento por analogias na prática e no ensino do design, realizou-se a coleta de dados da investigação. A coleta foi realizada através de questionários virtuais para estudantes e docentes de design e de entrevistas semiestruturadas em escritórios de design. O grupo de sujeitos da pesquisa compreendeu designers brasileiros e portugueses, com diferentes níveis de experiência. Os dados obtidos foram analisados e triangulados com a análise da literatura, o que possibilitou o desenho de um modelo contendo os fatores críticos que influenciam a criatividade em grupos e indivíduos, um modelo do processo e pensamento criativo, a identificação de estratégias e mecanismos que podem auxiliar esse tipo de pensamento e, por fim, diretrizes para o desenho do framework conceitual. Com isso, foi desenvolvida uma primeira versão do framework, que foi avaliada com a realização de workshops com três grupos distintos de participantes, incluindo docentes, estudantes e profissionais de design. A partir das avaliações, aprimorou-se o framework conceitual, organizado em cinco etapas e contendo estratégias, ações, mecanismos, recomendações e sugestões de métodos, técnicas e ferramentas para auxiliar o processo criativo e o pensamento por analogias para a criação de conceitos em grupos de design. Dentre as ferramentas sugeridas, foi também desenvolvido um mapa visual, denominado canvas, a exemplo de ferramentas similares, contendo recomendações e questões-chave geradas a partir das estratégias do framework, a fim de auxiliar a sua aplicação na prática projetual.Creativity in design involves a process that includes both the individual cognitive process as the creative, design and communication processes. The individual creative thinking, with their cognitive operations and knowledge stored, allows the creation of new connections between ideas. However, considering a contextual and systemic perspective, individual thoughts will also be stimulated and influenced by social context and work in groups in which ideas are also developed from the expression and communication of thought the other. In this process, the analogical thinking proved to be a key cognitive procedure for the formation of combinations and new relationships that are perceived and then reorganized into a new idea. However, there are gaps on the subject, how about helping this kind of thinking in individuals and strategies, methods and stimuli can be used in creative group process. In this sense, the objective of this thesis is to develop a framework to assist the creative process in design, focusing on thinking by analogies, identifying strategies and mechanisms to support this process in individuals and project groups. Therefore, there was a review of literature on creativity, process and creative thinking as well as about the thinking by analogies and their occurrence as cognitive process of design creative thinking. Next, in order to identify the understanding of the designers on the creative process and the facilitators of thinking by analogies in practice and design education, held the collection of research data. Data collection was conducted through virtual questionnaires for students and teachers design and semi-structured interviews in design offices. The sample consisted of Brazilian and Portuguese designers with different levels of experience. The data were analyzed and triangulated with the analysis of the literature, which enabled the design of a model containing the critical factors that influence creativity in individuals and groups, a model of the process and creative thinking, the identification of strategies and mechanisms that can assist this kind of thinking, and finally, guidelines for the design of the conceptual framework. Thus, a first version of the framework was developed, which was evaluated by conducting workshops with three different participating groups, including teachers, students and design professionals. From the assessments, improved the conceptual framework, organized into five steps and containing strategies, actions, mechanisms, recommendations and suggestions of methods, techniques and tools to assist the creative process and the thinking analogies to create concepts in groups of design. Among the suggested tools was also developed a visual map, called the canvas, like similar tools, containing recommendations and key issues generated from the framework of the strategies in order to assist their application in design practice.
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Touzjian, Richard. "From Film to Architecture:An Extended Cinematic Design Process based on Architectural Interpretations of Narrative Film." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/151991.
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Banerjee, Aritra. "Design of digitally assisted adaptive analog and RF circuits and systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52919.
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With more and more integration of analog and RF circuits in scaled CMOS technologies, process variation is playing a critical role which makes it difficult to achieve all the performance specifications across all the process corners. Moreover, at scaled technology nodes, due to lower voltage and current handling capabilities of the devices, they suffer from reliability issues that reduce the overall lifetime of the system. Finally, traditional static style of designing analog and RF circuits does not result in optimal performance of the system. A new design paradigm is emerging toward digitally assisted analog and RF circuits and systems aiming to leverage digital correction and calibration techniques to detect and compensate for the manufacturing imperfections and improve the analog and RF performance offering a high level of integration. The objective of the proposed research is to design digital friendly and performance tunable adaptive analog/RF circuits and systems with digital enhancement techniques for higher performance, better process variation tolerance, and more reliable operation and developing strategy for testing the proposed adaptive systems. An adaptation framework is developed for process variation tolerant RF systems which has two parts – optimized test stimulus driven diagnosis of individual modules and power optimal system level tuning. Another direct tuning approach is developed and demonstrated on a carbon nanotube based analog circuit. An adaptive switched mode power amplifier is designed which is more digital-intensive in nature and has higher efficiency, improved reliability and better process resiliency. Finally, a testing strategy for adaptive RF systems is shown which reduces test time and test cost compared to traditional testing.
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Tang, Hongxia. "Study of Design for Reliability of RF and Analog Circuits." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5525.
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Due to continued device dimensions scaling, CMOS transistors in the nanometer regime have resulted in major reliability and variability challenges. Reliability issues such as channel hot electron injection, gate dielectric breakdown, and negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) need to be accounted for in the design of robust RF circuits. In addition, process variations in the nanoscale CMOS transistors are another major concern in today's circuits design.
An adaptive gate-source biasing scheme to improve the RF circuit reliability is presented in this work. The adaptive method automatically adjusts the gate-source voltage to compensate the reduction in drain current subjected to various device reliability mechanisms. A class-AB RF power amplifier shows that the use of a source resistance makes the power-added efficiency robust against threshold voltage and mobility variations, while the use of a source inductance is more reliable for the input third-order intercept point.
A RF power amplifier with adaptive gate biasing is proposed to improve the circuit device reliability degradation and process variation. The performances of the power amplifier with adaptive gate biasing are compared with those of the power amplifier without adaptive gate biasing technique. The adaptive gate biasing makes the power amplifier more resilient to process variations as well as the device aging such as mobility and threshold voltage degradation.
Injection locked voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) have been examined. The VCOs are implemented using TSMC 0.18 μm mixed-signal CMOS technology. The injection locked oscillators have improved phase noise performance than free running oscillators.
A differential Clapp-VCO has been designed and fabricated for the evaluation of hot electron reliability. The differential Clapp-VCO is formed using cross-coupled nMOS transistors, on-chip transformers/inductors, and voltage-controlled capacitors. The experimental data demonstrate that the hot carrier damage increases the oscillation frequency and degrades the phase noise of Clapp-VCO.
A p-channel transistor only VCO has been designed for low phase noise. The simulation results show that the phase noise degrades after NBTI stress at elevated temperature. This is due to increased interface states after NBTI stress. The process variability has also been evaluated.ID: 031001466; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Jiann S. Yuan.; Title from PDF title page (viewed July 10, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-111).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering
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Sobe, Udo, Karl-Heinz Rooch, and Dietmar Mörtl. "Simulation and Analysis of Analog Circuit and PCM (Process Control Monitor) Test Structures in Circuit Design." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200700919.
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PCM test structures are commonly used to check the produced wafers from the standpoint of the technologist. In general
these structures are managed inside the FAB and are focused on standard device properties. Hence their development and
analysis is not driven by analog circuit blocks, which are sensitive or often used. Especially for DFM/Y of analog circuits
the correlation between design and technology has to be defined. The knowledge of electrical behavior of test structures
helps to improve the designer's sensitivity to technological questions.
This paper presents a method to bring the PCM methodology into the analog circuit design to improve design performance,
yield estimation and technology correlation. We show how both analog circuit and PCM blocks can be simulated and
analyzed in the design phase.
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Elvira, Arregui Víctor. "Baseband Processing in Analog Combining MIMO Systems: From Theoretical Design to FPGA Implementation." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Cantabria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/32206.
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In this thesis, we consider an analog antenna combining architecture for a MIMO wireless transceiver, while pointing out its advantages with respect to the traditional MIMO architectures. In the first part of this work, we focus on the transceiver design, especially the calculation of the beamformers that must be applied at the RF. This analysis is performed in an OFDM system under different assumptions on the channel state information. As a result, several criteria and algorithms for the selection of the beamformers are proposed. In the second part, we address the FPGA design and implementation of a baseband processor for this architecture. This baseband processor is based on the standard IEEE 802.11a. Finally, some real-time tests of the implemented baseband processor are carried out both in stand-alone configuration and also with the whole physical layer setup.En esta tesis consideramos una arquitectura de combinación analógica de antenas para una estación inalámbrica MIMO, señalando las ventajas de ésta con respecto a la arquitectura tradicional MIMO. En la primera parte de este trabajo analizamos el cálculo de los pesos que se deben aplicar en RF. Este análisis es realizado para un sistema OFDM bajo diferentes suposiciones sobre el conocimiento del canal en el transmisor. Como resultado, se ofrecen varios criterios y algoritmos para el cálculo de los pesos. La segunda parte se centra en el diseño y la implementación FPGA de un procesador banda base para esta arquitectura. Este procesador está basando en el estándar IEEE 802.11a. Finalmente se llevan a cabo algunos experimentos en tiempo-real del procesador banda base. Estos experimentos se han realizado tanto con el procesador aislado como integrado en el resto de la capa física del sistema.
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Mira, Pascale. "Penser l'architecture environnementale, des idées aux formes et des formes aux idées : dans quel processus de néomorphisation sommes-nous ?" Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20147/document.
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L’architecture change parce que le monde change. L’impact des enjeux environnementaux sur la pensée de l’architecture, sur les idées et sur les formes architecturales est le sujet de cette recherche. Le secteur du bâtiment est aujourd’hui considéré comme un levier important pour résoudre la crise environnementale. Cependant, des décalages s’affirment entre des impératifs urgents et règlementaires d’atteindre des objectifs quantitatifs précis, et la nécessité pour l’architecture d’être pensée en lien avec une nouvelle culture environnementale. Transition énergétique. Transition environnementale. Transition architecturale ? Dans quel processus de néomorphisation sommes-nous ? Ce travail de recherche concerne la période de transition engagée à la fin des années 1990 et dont les scénarios se construisent à horizon 2050. L’objectif est de définir des concepts et des outils, pour caractériser de façon ouverte et pluridisciplinaire la transition architecturale vers une architecture environnementale et fournir matière à penser. Les concepts de néomorphisme architectural et de Potentiel Néomorphique (PN) sont créés, pour répondre au contexte d’une transition en cours. Par analogie avec le néologisme désignant un mot nouveau qui renouvelle et enrichit le langage, le néomorphisme architectural désigne une forme nouvelle. Il est de la même façon issu d’un processus morphologique créatif, expérimental, riche et complexe, propre aux périodes de transition. Les Potentiels Néomorphiques de l’architecture environnementale qui en découlent, désignent les nouvelles idées à l’origine des nouvelles formes architecturales. La spécificité de ce travail de recherche repose sur une approche originale de la pensée de l’architecture, des idées aux formes et des formes aux idées, et sur la création d’espaces analogiques. Les espaces analogiques sont constitués à partir de la confrontation de trois corpus : un corpus d’idées (les PN), un corpus de formes architecturales manifestes et un corpus de formes artistiques subversives. Ils sont conçus pour nourrir le débat, questionner la notion de justesse et pour stimuler la pensée de l’architecture, la soustraire au prêt-à-penser et permettre l’impensé. Ces éléments théoriques sont réinvestis dans la réalisation de la maquette d’un thésaurus. Le « Thésaurus de l’architecture environnementale, des idées aux formes et des formes aux idées » est un outil de veille et de connaissance. Il permet de découvrir, s’approprier et penser l’architecture environnementale à travers un nouveau cadre descriptif et des espaces analogiques. Proposé sur le principe d’un outil collaboratif en ligne, il invite à une approche pluriculturelle de l’architecture et permet le partage d’un savoir vivant et réactif. La maquette du Thésaurus de l’architecture environnementale ouvre la voie à des prolongements pédagogiques orientés sur l’identification de nouvelles références. Son ambition est de contribuer à la construction d’une histoire contemporaine des idées et des formes de l’architecture environnementaleArchitecture is changing because the world is changing.The impact of environmental issues on the way of thinking architecture, and also on architectural ideas and architectural forms, is the subject of this research.The building sector is now considered as an important tool in order to solve the environmental crisis. However, discrepancies are increasing between, on the one hand, urgent and regulatory requirements to achieve specific quantitative targets and, on the other, the need for architecture to be thought of in connection with a new environmental culture.Energy transition. Environmental transition. Architectural transition?How to define this neomorphisation process.This research concerns the transition period that started in the late 1990s and where the scenarios are projected up to the 2050s. The objective is to define concepts and tools, to characterize the architectural transition towards an environmental architecture, in an open and multidisciplinary manner, and to provide food for thought.The concepts of “architectural neomorphism” and “Neomorphic Potential” (PN) are created, in response to the context of a transition in progress. By analogy with the neologism which designates a new word that renews and enriches language, architectural neomorphism indicates a new form. In the same way, it results from a morphological process, creative, experimental, rich and complex, specific to transition periods. The resulting “Neomorphic Potentials” of environmental architecture describe the ideas which are behind the new architectural forms.The specific quality of this research work is based on an original approach to architectural thought, from ideas to forms and from forms to ideas, and on the creation of “analogical spaces”. They are composed as a result of the confrontation of three corpora : a corpus of ideas (PN), a corpus of manifest architectural forms and a corpus of subversive artistic forms. They are designed to active debate, to question the concept of accuracy and to stimulate our thinking about architecture, to escape standard ways of thinking and to promote outside-the-box thinking.These theoretical elements are reinvested in making a model of a thesaurus.The "Thesaurus of environmental architecture, from ideas to forms and from forms to ideas" is both a monitoring tool and a resource centre. It gives the opportunity to discover, to take on board and to think environmental architecture through a new descriptive framework using analogical spaces. Offered on the principle of an online collaborative tool, it calls for a multicultural approach to architecture so that knowledge can be shared in a lively, interactive way.The model of the Thesaurus of environmental architecture opens up the way for new teaching methods directed towards the identification of new references. Its ambition is to contribute to a contemporary history of ideas and forms of environmental architecture
Books on the topic "Analogue Design Processes"
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Tilton, Homer B. Waveforms: A modern guide to nonsinusoidal waves and nonlinear processes. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall, Business & Professional Division, 1986.
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Wellwood, Alexis, Susan J. Hespos, and Lance J. Rips. The Object : Substance :: Event : Process Analogy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815259.003.0009.
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Beginning at least with Bach (1986), semanticists have suggested that objects are formally parallel to events in the way substances are formally parallel to processes. This chapter investigates whether these parallels can be understood to reflect a shared representational format in cognition, which underlies aspects of the intuitive metaphysics of these categories. The authors of this chapter hypothesized that a way of counting (atomicity) is necessary for object and event representations, unlike for substance or process representations. Atomicity is strongly implied by plural but not mass language. The chapter investigates the language–perception interface across these domains using minimally different images and animations, designed either to encourage atomicity (‘natural’ breaks) or to discourage it (‘unnatural’ breaks). The experiments test preference for naming such stimuli with mass or count syntax. The results support Bach’s analogy in perception and highlight the formal role of atomicity in object and event representation.
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Waveforms: A modern guide to housinusoidal waves and nonlinear processes. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1986.
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Bouffard, Jeffrey A., and Nicole Niebuhr. Experimental Designs in the Study of Offender Decision Making. Edited by Wim Bernasco, Jean-Louis van Gelder, and Henk Elffers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199338801.013.22.
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Research on offender decision making has utilized experimental designs and has often coupled these strong designs with the use of hypothetical vignettes that describe specific offending circumstances for the would-be offender to consider. In some cases, these studies have experimentally manipulated situational elements of the imagined setting. In others, researchers have experimentally manipulated the context in which the participants make the decision. Other researchers have utilized randomized designs with behavioral analogues within the research setting. This research has found that various situational and individual-level factors influence the content and process of offender decision making in important ways. Future research should further explore how offenders form risk perceptions and how these influences may interact with one another, and it should continue to refine these methods to more closely approximate real-world settings.
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Smigel, Eric. Sights and Sounds of the Moving Mind. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190469894.003.0006.
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American experimental filmmaker Stan Brakhage revolutionised independent cinema by cultivating a new poetic idiom designed to document the subjective vision of the eye behind the camera. Committed to an inclusive account of the lived visual experience, he augmented the cinematic vocabulary by including components such as hallucination, dreams, closed-eye images and optical feedback, capturing these ephemeral elements using a wide variety of ‘home-made’ modifications to the filming process, including erratic hand-held camera movement, distortion of focus and changing camera speeds. Although most of his projects are silent, he corresponded with composer James Tenney to explore intersections between cinema (“moving visual thinking”) and music (“sound equivalent of the mind’s moving”). When employing a soundtrack, Brakhage gravitated towards musique concrète, which he regarded as an audio analogy for cinematic montage, and he devised a unique brand of audiovisual counterpoint based on the rhythmic interplay of the psychophysiological processes of sight and sound.
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Douglas, Gordon C. C. The Help-Yourself City. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190691332.001.0001.
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When cash-strapped local governments don’t provide adequate services, and planning policies prioritize economic development over community needs, what is a concerned citizen to do? In the help-yourself city, you do it yourself. The Help-Yourself City presents the results of nearly five years of in-depth research on people who take urban planning into their own hands with unauthorized yet functional and civic-minded “do-it-yourself urban design” projects. Examples include homemade traffic signs and public benches, guerrilla gardens and bike lanes, even citizen development “proposals,” all created in public space without permission but in forms analogous to official streetscape design elements. With research across 17 cities and more than 100 interviews with do-it-yourselfers, professional planners, and community members, the book explores who is creating these unauthorized improvements, where, and why. In doing so, it demonstrates the way uneven development processes are experienced and responded to in everyday life. Yet the democratic potential of this increasingly celebrated trend is brought into question by the privileged characteristics of typical do-it-yourself urban designers, the aesthetics and cultural values of the projects they create, and the relationship between DIY efforts and mainstream planning and economic development. Despite its many positive impacts, DIY urban design is a worryingly undemocratic practice, revealing the stubborn persistence of inequality in participatory citizenship and the design of public space. The book thus presents a needed critical analysis of an important trend, connecting it to research on informality, legitimacy, privilege, and urban political economy.
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Benavides, Gustavo. Gods. Edited by Michael Stausberg and Steven Engler. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198729570.013.40.
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Gods are agents believed to be largely free from the constraints that limit the agency of humans, and have been imagined with features that frequently collide with the theological expectations nurtured by contemporary monotheistic religions. Traditionally, gods have demanded offerings, which create a relation of interdependence between gods and humans. Divine qualities can be understood as produced by the projection of intensified human characteristics upon imaginary beings, by means of two processes: the desire to leave behind the limitations that afflict us, and the inescapable tendency to conceive the world as if it were populated by beings analogous to us. In order to understand the gods, therefore, one must focus on the unresolvable tension between the gratuitousness and the deliberateness of their deeds; between their neediness and their self-sufficiency; between their human-like nature and their otherness; between their omniscience and the realization that their minds cannot but be like ours.
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Zerubavel, Eviatar. Generally Speaking. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197519271.001.0001.
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Defying the conventional split between “theory” and “methodology,” this book introduces a yet unarticulated and thus far never systematized method of theorizing designed to reveal abstract social patterns. Insisting that such methodology can actually be taught, it tries to make the mental processes underlying the practice of a “concept-driven sociology” more explicit. Many sociologists tend to study the specific, often at the expense of also studying the generic. To correct this imbalance, the book examines the theoretico-methodological process by which we can “distill” generic social patterns from the culturally, historically, and situationally specific contexts in which we encounter them. It thus champions a “generic sociology” that is pronouncedly transcontextual (transcultural, transhistorical, transsituational, and translevel) in its scope. In order to uncover generic, transcontextual social patterns, data need to be collected in a wide range of social contexts. Such contextual diversity is manifested multi-culturally, multihistorically, multisituationally, as well as at multiple levels of social aggregation. True to its message, the book illustrates generic social patterns by drawing on numerous examples from diverse cultural contexts and historical periods and a wide range of diverse social domains, as well as by disregarding scale. Emphasizing cross-contextual commonality, generic sociology tries to reveal formal “parallels” across seemingly disparate contexts. This book features the four main types of cross-contextual analogies generic sociologists tend to use (cross-cultural, cross-historical, cross-domain, and cross-level), disregarding conventionally noted substantive differences in order to note conventionally disregarded formal equivalences.
Book chapters on the topic "Analogue Design Processes"
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Croce, G., A. Andreini, L. Cerati, G. Meneghesso, and L. Sponton. "ESD in Smart Power Processes." In Analog Circuit Design, 169–206. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48707-1_8.
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Dugoujon, Laurent. "1.2 Gb/s CML Transceiver with 1M CMOS ATM/SDH Processor in a BICMOS Monochip." In Analog Circuit Design, 219–35. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2983-2_10.
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Dang, Dung, Daniel J. Pack, and Steven F. Barrett. "Analog Peripherals." In Embedded Systems Design with the Texas Instruments MSP432 32-bit Processor, 359–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79889-4_8.
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Henker, Stephen, Stefan Getzlaff, Achim Graupner, Jörg Schreiter, Mirko Puegner, and René Schüffny. "A New Hierarchical Simulator for Highly Parallel Analog Processor Arrays." In System Design Automation, 176–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6666-0_15.
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Soma, Mani. "Analog VLSI Signal Processors: Design and Test Methodologies." In VLSI Signal Processing Technology, 185–208. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2776-3_7.
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Frickel, Jürgen, Jafaar Mejri, and Wolfram Glauert. "Teaching of Analog IC Design With Modern CAD Tools and CMOS Processes." In Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 209–13. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5651-0_32.
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Wang, Michelle Yibing, Bing J. Sheu, Theodore W. Berger, Wayne C. Young, and Austin Kwang-Bo Cho. "Architecture and Design of 1-D Enhanced Cellular Neural Network Processors for Signal Detection." In Cellular Neural Networks and Analog VLSI, 53–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4730-0_5.
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Onabajo, Marvin, and Jose Silva-Martinez. "Mismatch Reduction for Transistors in High-Frequency Differential Analog Signal Paths." In Analog Circuit Design for Process Variation-Resilient Systems-on-a-Chip, 113–49. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2296-9_6.
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Jaminet, Jean, Gabriel Esquivel, and Shane Bugni. "Serlio and Artificial Intelligence: Problematizing the Image-to-Object Workflow." In Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES, 3–12. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_1.
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AbstractVirtual design production demands that information be increasingly encoded and decoded with image compression technologies. Since the Renaissance, the discourses of language and drawing and their actuation by the classical disciplinary treatise have been fundamental to the production of knowledge within the building arts. These early forms of data compression provoke reflection on theory and technology as critical counterparts to perception and imagination unique to the discipline of architecture. This research examines the illustrated expositions of Sebastiano Serlio through the lens of artificial intelligence (AI). The mimetic powers of technological data storage and retrieval and Serlio’s coded operations of orthographic projection drawing disclose other aesthetic and formal logics for architecture and its image that exist outside human perception. Examination of aesthetic communication theory provides a conceptual dimension of how architecture and artificial intelligent systems integrate both analog and digital modes of information processing. Tools and methods are reconsidered to propose alternative AI workflows that complicate normative and predictable linear design processes. The operative model presented demonstrates how augmenting and interpreting layered generative adversarial networks drive an integrated parametric process of three-dimensionalization. Concluding remarks contemplate the role of human design agency within these emerging modes of creative digital production.
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Onabajo, Marvin, and Jose Silva-Martinez. "Introduction." In Analog Circuit Design for Process Variation-Resilient Systems-on-a-Chip, 1–7. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2296-9_1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Analogue Design Processes"
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Pearce, Steve. "Digital and Analogue interactions: Process Chain Networks for the Design of Service Processes." In 2020 9th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/meco49872.2020.9134153.
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Ngo, Peter, Vimal Viswanathan, Cameron J. Turner, and Julie Linsey. "Initial Steps Toward an Analogy Retrieval Tool Based on Performance Specification." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13242.
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In design-by-analogy, inventors draw inspiration from natural and man-made systems to create new, often innovative engineering products. Though methods exist to aid concept generation through design-by-analogy, they are not built on fundamental knowledge of how inventors inherently use analogies. Such a foundation is critical for developing effective analogy-finding tools and methods. In this research, we pursue an empirical product study to guide the creation of a computational tool that presents relevant analogies based on designers’ objectives. Using an inductive approach, we studied 57 design-by-analogy products and their inspiring analogs to identify how analogies entered the design process. We developed classification schemes that characterize the analogies and their design contexts, which includes the inventors’ field of work and design objectives. Findings emerged from identifying patterns in the classification results. When comparing academic and commercial inventors, we found differences in how they use analogies to find new product functions or gain better performance. We gained insight into how knowledge-driven and problem-driven analogy usage cases differ. Most intriguingly, we found that products commonly borrow critical functions directly from analog systems, but we also discovered instances of critical function inversion, where the sense of the critical function is reversed between the analog and the product. For example, this occurred with the ECO-Auger Tidal Turbine (critical function: “Convert fluid flow into rotation”) which was inspired by screw conveyors (“Convert rotation into material flow”). This discovery implies that a computational search for analogs should expand from a designers’ function specification to include analogs with inverted critical functions, thus widening the space of possible inspiration sources.
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Helms, Michael, and Ashok K. Goel. "The Four-Box Method of Problem Specification and Analogy Evaluation in Biologically Inspired Design." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35672.
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The process of biologically inspired design is fundamentally analogical; given a design problem, the process retrieves potentially multiple biological analogues as potential sources of inspiration. The selection of a specific analogue for idea generation naturally has a strong influence on the final design. But what makes one biological analogue better than another for a given design problem? In the context of a classroom on biologically inspired design, we found that interdisciplinary design teams often struggle with this question. In this paper, we describe a Four-Box method that identifies function, operating environment, constraints, and performance criteria as dimensions for matching biological analogues with the design problem. We also present some initial results from a classroom implementation of the Four-Box method of analogy evaluation: The results suggest that the student designers found the Four-Box method both useful and usable.
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Ngo, Peter, Cameron J. Turner, and Julie Linsey. "Identifying Trends in Analogy Usage for Innovation: A Cross-Sectional Product Study." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35164.
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Design-by-analogy, including bio-inspired design, is a powerful tool for innovation and engineers need better tools to enhance ideation. To support tool creation, an exploratory cross-sectional empirical product study of 70 analogy-inspired products is conducted to report trends and associations among factors in the analogy-inspired design process, giving a general account of real-world practices. Products are randomly sampled from three technology magazines and a bioinspired design database. Seven variables are developed and used to classify each example according to design team composition, analogy mapping approach, analogies used, and design outcomes. Results suggest few differences between problem-driven approaches, which start from a design problem and find solutions in analogous domains, and solution-driven approaches, which begin with knowledge in an analog domain and find design problems to solve. For instance, results suggest that both approaches yield products at about the same frequency, and both yield products with improved performance at statistically-indistinguishable rates — thus, neither approach can be presently concluded to be advantageous over the other for improving product performance. Overall, few associations are detected between design outcome variables and other variables, thus precluding recommendations for how to compose design teams, what approaches to promote, and what number and source of analogies to support in order to achieve the outcomes measured in this study.
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Linsey, J. S., K. L. Wood, and A. B. Markman. "Increasing Innovation: Presentation and Evaluation of the Wordtree Design-by-Analogy Method." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49317.
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Numerous examples of innovation through analogy are found throughout current trade journals, magazines and product offerings. Design-by-analogy is a powerful tool in creative design, but generally relies on unproven, ad-hoc approaches. Although a few notable computational knowledge bases have been created to support analogous design, very few methods provide suitable guidance on how to identify analogies and analogous domains. This paper presents a novel approach, referred to as the WordTree Design-by-Analogy Method, for identifying analogies as part of the ideation process. The WordTree Method derives its effectiveness through a design team’s knowledge and readily available information sources but does not require specialized computational knowledge bases. A controlled experiment and an evaluation of the method with redesign projects illustrate the method’s influence in assisting engineers in design-by-analogy. Unexpected and unique solutions are identified using the method. The experimental results also highlight potential improvements for the method and areas for future research in engineering design theory.
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Marshall, K. Scott, Richard Crawford, and Daniel Jensen. "Analogy Seeded Mind-Maps: A Comparison of Verbal and Pictorial Representation of Analogies in the Concept Generation Process." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60100.
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Recent research has investigated methods based on design-by-analogy meant to enhance concept generation. While these analogies can be developed in different ways and can come from many different areas, one of the most common methods is to use key customer needs or key functions as the starting point. One approach uses these key terms to seed a search for grammatically similar words. While these methods are promising, they can be cumbersome and difficult to apply in engineering classrooms or industrial product development settings. This paper presents further evaluation of the Analogy Seeded Mind-Maps method, a new method to prompt generation of analogous solution principles drawn from multiple analogical domains. We randomly select a set of 10–15 words from a graph of grammatically analogical synonyms of a functional design requirement “seed” and populate the first-level nodes of a mind-map with the selected textual analogies. This mind-map then serves as a visual tool that is utilized during the concept generation process. The effectiveness of the tool in generating concepts has been evaluated in previous studies. In the current study, we evaluate the effect of substituting pictures for the verbal analogies in the Analogy Seeded Mind-Maps method. The study involved student volunteers who were recruited from a senior-level design methodology course. The students were asked to complete a simple concept generation task (in teams) using either a purely verbal version of the Analogy Seeded Mind-Maps method or the alternative version that relied on pictorial analogies. The results were evaluated for quantity, quality and novelty of the concepts generated using the two methods. Analysis of the results shows that there is a statistically significant difference in the novelty of ideas generated by the two methods, with the pictorial version producing a larger number of novel ideas than the purely verbal version. While the differences in quantity and quality are not statistically significant at the P-Value < 0.05 level, there are differences that approach this level of statistical significance. Further studies are needed to determine if there is any benefit to a method that combines both verbal and pictorial analogies.
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Brillowski, Florian, Luisa Vervier, Thomas Schemmer, Philipp Brauner, Martina Ziefle, and Thomas Gries. "User Centered Design and Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence based Process Recommender System in Textile Engineering." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001709.
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Despite digitization and automation in everyday life and at the workplace, traditional craftsmanship continues to be primarily analogue and manual. This specifically applies to decision-making processes that are predominantly influenced by experience and intuition. As a result, established best-practice solutions are commonly used and promising alternatives are overlooked. AI-based decision support tools are a viable option to automate and objectify the decision-making process. Additionally, these tools can help stimulate decision makers to break with common best-practice solutions and consider novel, promising alternatives. However, using AI may lead to lower social acceptance among users, due to scepticism about effectiveness, workers’ fear of being eventually substituted, and missing comprehensibility of the suggestions due to the black box-models of many AI systems. Currently, there is a lack of grounded guideline for designing and implementing user-oriented AI-based decision support systems in traditional craftsmanship.This contribution investigates how a user-centred design of AI-based decision support influences user acceptance and usage intention. For this purpose, two AI-based process recommender systems for planning textile reinforced composite processes are designed with varying focus (user-centred and purely functional). Both applications are then benchmarked in a mixed-method user study with qualitative (think aloud) and quantitative (survey) parts and 17 domain experts. We used an Excel-based decision support system as a reference, since it realistically represents the currently prevailing planning support in manufacturing companies. In the user study we evaluate the planning efficiency, objectivity, and user orientation by measuring the duration of the planning process, the result quality, consistency, and reproducibility of the designed process chains and the usability of the system. Additionally, trust in automation, the performance expectation, as well as the intention to use are measured based on the acceptance models of Körber and Venkatesh et al. and are supplemented by additional items (e.g., comprehensibility). The results of the study suggest that an AI-based support system can increase the speed and objectivity of the decision-making process. However, it is also important to design the system in a user-centric way to ensure usability, trust, and acceptance. Further, we found that it is reasonable to leave the final decision-making authority with the decision maker, since our participants tended to less frequently question a completely automated result. Based on the results of our study, we derive actionable guidelines for the design of AI-based support systems in manufacturing.
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Linsey, J. S., J. P. Laux, E. Clauss, K. L. Wood, and A. B. Markman. "Increasing Innovation: A Trilogy of Experiments Towards a Design-by-Analogy Method." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34948.
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Design by analogy is a noted approach for conceptual design. This paper seeks to develop a robust design-by-analogy method. This endeavor is sought through a series of three experiments focusing on understanding the influence of representation on the design-by-analogy process. The first two experiments evaluate the effects of analogous product description—presented in either domain-general or domain-specific language—on a designer’s ability to later use the product to solve a novel design problem. Six different design problems with corresponding analogous products are evaluated. The third experiment in the series uses a factorial design to explore the effects of the representation (domain specific or general sentinel descriptions) for both the design problem and the analogous product on the designer’s ability to develop solutions to novel design problems. Results show that a more general representation of the analogous products facilitates later use for a novel design problem. The highest rates of success occur when design problems are presented in domain specific representations and the analogous product is in a domain general representation. Other insights for the development of design by analogy methods and tools are also discussed.
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Arlitt, Ryan, Anthony Nix, Robert Stone, and Chiradeep Sen. "Discovery of Mental Metadata Used for Analogy Formation in Function-Based Design." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46963.
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Applying previous solutions to solve new problems is a core aspect of design. In this context, analogies provide a mechanism to reapply previous solutions in new ways, but analogy formation is limited by a designer’s knowledge. One approach toward improving a designer’s analogy-forming capabilities is to provide an easy-to-use computational means of retrieving a wide breadth of relevant analogies. This work aims to answer what types of similarity are commonly used to draw design analogies, and whether some types of similarity are used more frequently in compound analogy versus single analogy. In this study, an experiment was performed to observe and document the types of information that designers found useful when forming analogies during conceptual design. A categorization of this information is sought in order to inform (1) the types of similarity data to store in an intuitive design-by-analogy database and (2) the form that a search query should take. The experiment consists of a design task and a follow up interview. Ten mechanical engineering graduate students specializing in design participated. These participants were interviewed, and their internal knowledge queries were encoded to reflect their objectives, thought process detail, direction of reasoning, and subject behavior type. Each conceptual design is cataloged according to whether it represents a compound analogy, a single analogy, or no analogy. The results show little difference between the types of information used in compound versus single analogy. Function, flow, and form information were all observed during analogy formation, indicating that all three types of information should play a role in a design-by-analogy database, regardless of generative goal. Notably, flow behavior was a commonly observed type of abstract similarity across domains. This points to the value of capturing flow behavior abstraction in engineering analogy databases.
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Song, Hyeonik, and Katherine Fu. "Approaches for Supporting Exploration for Analogical Inspiration With Behavior, Material and Component Based Structural Representations of Patent Databases." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85591.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents an explorative-based computational methodology to aid the analogical retrieval process in design-by-analogy practice. The computational methodology, driven by Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF), iteratively builds a hierarchical repositories of design solutions within which clusters of design analogies can be explored by designers. In the work, the methodology has been applied on a large repository of mechanical design related patents, processed to contain only component-, behavior-, or material-based content, to demonstrate that unique and valuable attribute-based analogical inspiration can be discovered from different representations of patent data. For explorative purposes, the hierarchical repositories have been visualized with a three-dimensional hierarchical structure and two-dimensional bar graph structure, which can be used interchangeably for retrieving analogies. This paper demonstrates that the explorative-based computational methodology provides designers an enhanced control over design repositories, empowering them to retrieve analogical inspiration for design-by-analogy practice.
Reports on the topic "Analogue Design Processes"
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Patel, Yusef. File to Factory: A case study of automated prefabrication house-building methods for small-to-medium enterprises. Unitec ePress, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.0823.
Full textAbstract:
The Eco-Digital Fabrication (EDFAB) research project aimed to investigate how automated prefabrication technologies and off-the-shelf construction products can be employed to disrupt building industry norms. The aim of this research – conducted at the University of Auckland and Unitec Institute of Technology from 2014 onward – was to provide small-to-medium enterprises in the construction industry with a pathway to upskill and increase construction productivity through the use of these processes. The availability of automated machines and easy-to-use fabrication software is increasing dramatically and this can be paired with readily available construction products to produce novel mass-customised housing solutions. The application of basic automated technologies – such as CNC (Computer Numerical Control) routers – allowed researchers to create ‘recipes’ that can be adopted and adapted relatively easily. By no means did the research favour digital manufacture or assembly processes over traditional analogue construction techniques – the goal was to provide logical, productive and accessible blended solutions for greater affordability and flexibility in design. For example, the designed experiments were required to be built from readily available products, and used simple readymade screw fixings rather than digitally produced custom fixings or joining mechanisms. The research project aimed to generate discussion and provide recommendations on how the construction industry might support the adoption of automated prefabrication technology in small-to-medium enterprise (SME).
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Desiderati, Christopher. Carli Creek Regional Water Quality Project: Assessing Water Quality Improvement at an Urban Stormwater Constructed Wetland. Portland State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.78.
Full textAbstract:
Stormwater management is an ongoing challenge in the United States and the world at-large. As state and municipal agencies grapple with conflicting interests like encouraging land development, complying with permits to control stormwater discharges, “urban stream syndrome” effects, and charges to steward natural resources for the long-term, some agencies may turn to constructed wetlands (CWs) as aesthetically pleasing and functional natural analogs for attenuating pollution delivered by stormwater runoff to rivers and streams. Constructed wetlands retain pollutants via common physical, physicochemical, and biological principles such as settling, adsorption, or plant and algae uptake. The efficacy of constructed wetlands for pollutant attenuation varies depending on many factors such as flow rate, pollutant loading, maintenance practices, and design features. In 2018, the culmination of efforts by Clackamas Water Environment Services and others led to the opening of the Carli Creek Water Quality Project, a 15-acre constructed wetland adjacent to Carli Creek, a small, 3500-ft tributary of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, OR. The combined creek and constructed wetland drain an industrialized, 438-acre, impervious catchment. The wetland consists of a linear series of a detention pond and three bioretention treatment cells, contributing a combined 1.8 acres of treatment area (a 1:243 ratio with the catchment) and 3.3 acre-feet of total runoff storage. In this study, raw pollutant concentrations in runoff were evaluated against International Stormwater BMP database benchmarks and Oregon Water Quality Criteria. Concentration and mass-based reductions were calculated for 10 specific pollutants and compared to daily precipitation totals from a nearby precipitation station. Mass-based reductions were generally higher for all pollutants, largely due to runoff volume reduction on the treatment terrace. Concentration-based reductions were highly variable, and suggested export of certain pollutants (e.g., ammonia), even when reporting on a mass-basis. Mass load reductions on the terrace for total dissolved solids, nitrate+nitrite, dissolved lead, and dissolved copper were 43.3 ± 10%, 41.9 ± 10%, 36.6 ± 13%, and 43.2 ± 16%, respectively. E. coli saw log-reductions ranging from -1.3 — 3.0 on the terrace, and -1.0 — 1.8 in the creek. Oregon Water Quality Criteria were consistently met at the two in-stream sites on Carli Creek for E. coli with one exception, and for dissolved cadmium, lead, zinc, and copper (with one exception for copper). However, dissolved total solids at the downstream Carli Creek site was above the Willamette River guidance value 100 mg/L roughly 71% of the time. The precipitation record during the study was useful for explaining certain pollutant reductions, as several mechanisms are driven by physical processes, however it was not definitive. The historic rain/snow/ice event in mid-February 2021 appeared to impact mass-based reductions for all metals. Qualitatively, precipitation seemed to have the largest effect on nutrient dynamics, specifically ammonia-nitrogen. Determining exact mechanisms of pollutant removals was outside the scope of this study. An improved flow record, more targeted storm sampling, or more comprehensive nutrient profiles could aid in answering important questions on dominant mechanisms of this new constructed wetland. This study is useful in establishing a framework and baseline for understanding this one-of-a-kind regional stormwater treatment project and pursuing further questions in the future.