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1
Democrazia e talassocrazia: Saggi di analisi geopolitica. Genova: Effepi, 2014.
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2
Bŭchvarov, M. Geopoliticheski analizi. Sofii︠a︡: Izd-vo "Zakhariĭ Stoi︠a︡nov", 2001.
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3
Khristov, Todor. Makedonii︠a︡ , zapadna Trakii︠a︡ i Dobrudzha: Politikogeografski razmisli, analizi i ot︠s︡enki. Sofii︠a︡: Akademichno izd-vo na Agrarnii︠a︡ universitet, 2004.
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4
Bavone, William. Le rivolte gattopardiane: Analisi e prospettive del bacino del Mediterraneo. Cavriago (Re): Anteo edizioni, 2012.
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5
Storchak, I︠U︡riĭ. Russkiĭ razlom: Geopolitika v sistemnom analize i istoricheskoĭ retrospektive. Moskva: AO Izdatelʹskiĭ dom "Argumenty nedeli", 2018.
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6
Polska szlachecka: Analiza geopolityczna. Wrocław: Oficyna Wydawnicza Arboretum, 2008.
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7
Cuellar, Julio Mantilla. Lo militar y geopolitico en la economia: "Analisis del D.S. 21600". La Paz, Bolivia: Universidad Mayor de San Andres, 1987.
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8
Popescu, Alba Iulia Catrinel. Analize incomode. Bucureşti: Editura Militară, 2020.
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9
Balkanskii︠a︡t rebus i Makedonii︠a︡: Analizi i komentari. Sofii︠a︡: Izdatelstvo Sv. Kliment Okhridski, 2019.
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10
Anufriev, K. S. Politika Rossii i Kitaia v TSentral'noi Azii: Opyt sravnitel'no-istoricheskogo analiza. Tomsk: Izdatelʹstvo Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2011.
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11
Shinkovskiĭ, M. I︠U︡. Geopoliticheskoe razvitie Severnoĭ Pat︠s︡ifiki: Opyt sistemnogo analiza. Vladivostok: Dalʹnauka, 2007.
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12
Shinkovskiĭ, M. I︠U︡. Geopoliticheskoe razvitie Severnoĭ Pat︠s︡ifiki: Opyt sistemnogo analiza. Vladivostok: Dalʹnauka, 2007.
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13
Ri︠a︡bt︠s︡ev, V. N. Sovremennyĭ iranskiĭ krizis kak obʺekt geopoliticheskogo analiza: Regionalʹnyĭ i globalʹnyĭ kontekst. Rostov-na-Donu: I︠U︡zhnyĭ nauchnyĭ t︠s︡entr RAN, 2008.
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14
Mezhdu Zapadom i Vostokom: Opyt geopoliticheskogo i istoricheskogo analiza. Moskva: A. Solovʹev, 2003.
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15
Fu, Jen-kun. Prioritety vneshneĭ politiki Kazakhstana: Kratkiĭ obzor poslednikh desi͡a︡ti let s pozit͡s︡iĭ geopoliticheskogo analiza. Almaty: T͡s︡entr sravnitel'nogo izuchenii͡a︡ regionov g. Almaty, 2001.
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16
Romanova, E. N. (Ekaterina Nazarovna), editor, Russia (Federation). Ministerstvo obrazovanii͡a i nauki, Arkticheskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ institut kulʹtury i iskusstv, Institut gumanitarnykh issledovaniĭ i problem malochislennykh narodov Severa SO RAN, and Laboratorii͡a kompleksnykh geokulʹturnykh issledovaniĭ Arktiki, eds. Geokulʹtury Arktiki: Metodologii︠a︡ analiza i prikladnye issledovanii︠a︡ : monografii︠a︡. Moskva: Kanon+, 2017.
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17
Flussi di armamenti e politica internazionale: Ricostruire gli assi geopolitici con la network analysis. Milano: Guerini studio, 2010.
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18
La ronde des libérateurs: De Bonaparte à Hollande. Paris: Alfabarre, 2013.
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19
Ternovaya, Lyudmila. War and peace in a hybrid dimension. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1058362.
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The monograph is devoted to the analysis of the current topic of hybrid war, in which the thin red lines separating it from peaceful life can both turn into an impenetrable iron curtain, and become a bright and attractive advertisement for another country and culture, forcing you to immerse yourself in another world, and not perceive it as a rival. Neither international law, nor the tools for identifying all the figures of international relations involved in resolving issues of war and peace, nor culture can correct the mutual distortions of hybrid war and hybrid peace. And yet, it is possible to find such facts that help to remove hybrid layers and reach the true interests, goals and means of those geopolitical actors who benefit from such a complex hybrid game of war and peace.
It is intended for specialists in the field of international relations, history, culture. It will also arouse the interest of a wide range of readers.
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Mironov, A., and S. Zubarev. Interaction of law enforcement agencies to ensure national security. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1860938.
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The monograph examines the main directions of the organization and legal regulation of the interaction of law enforcement agencies in the activities to ensure the national security of the Russian state. Special attention is paid to the important characteristics of the constituent elements of national security, theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation of the mechanism of interaction of law enforcement agencies to ensure state and public security and law and order, as well as the analysis of improving the effectiveness of the practical activities of law enforcement agencies in the system of measures to protect the rights and freedoms of the individual, the priority interests of society and the state using modern models of network (digital) interaction.
The system of ensuring national security, its forces and means is characterized. Extreme threats and risks to national security within the framework of geopolitical changes in the modern world are shown.
It is of interest to specialists of various branches of knowledge interested in security issues.
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Antipina, Irina, Malika Balayeva, Elena Gulicheva, Anton Gulbis, Irina Dolinina, Vera Zabotkina, Anastasia Iver, et al. IMPROVING PROFESSIONAL SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF RUSSIAN UNIVERSITIES: NATIONAL INTERESTS AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02103-3.
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The monograph was prepared following the results of the XX All-Russian Conference and the XXX All-Russian school-seminar "Integration of Russian universities into the world educational and scientific space, taking into account regional peculiarities". The conference and the school-seminar were devoted to the discussion of: the processes of deformation of the professional personnel link in the management of the international activities of Russian universities that have occurred in recent decades, and the need to take operational measures to stabilize the professional personnel resource in order to optimally use the potential of Russian universities for the full implementation of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation and the Concept of Humanitarian Policy of the Russian Federation abroad; issues of state legal regulation of educational migration in the changed geopolitical conditions; analysis of best practices and new solutions for attracting foreign students to study at universities of the Russian Federation; analysis of the features of the development of intellectual migration processes in modern conditions, the place and role of the Russian language and culture in them.
The proposed materials can be useful to specialists of the Department of the education system of Russia and its regions, employees of federal and regional authorities and management, as well as regional associations of academic mobility.
22
Leggio, Augusto. Energia e Ambiente Ieri, Oggi e Domani una Analisi Storica, Tecnica e Geopolitica. Lulu Press, Inc., 2013.
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23
Toal, Gerard. Near Abroad. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190253301.001.0001.
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Before Russia invaded Ukraine, it invaded Georgia. Both states are part of Russia's "near abroad" - newly independent states that were once part of the Soviet Union and are now Russia's neighbors. While the Russia-Georgia war of 2008 faded from the headlines in the wake of the global recession, the geopolitical contest that created it did not. Six years later, the spectre of a revanchist Russia returned when Putin's forces invaded and annexed the Crimean peninsula, once part of Russia but an internationally recognized part of Ukraine since the Soviet collapse. Crimea's annexation and follow on conflict in eastern Ukraine have generated the greatest geopolitical crisis on the European continent since the end of the Cold War. In Near Abroad, the eminent political geographer Gerard Toal moves beyond the polemical rhetoric that surrounds Russia's interventions in Georgia and Ukraine to study the underlying territorial conflicts and geopolitical struggles. Central to understanding are legacies of the Soviet Union collapse: unresolved territorial issues, weak states and a conflicted geopolitical culture in Russia over the new territorial order. The West's desire to expand NATO contributed to a growing geopolitical contest in Russia's near abroad. This found expression in a 2008 NATO proclamation that Georgia and Ukraine will become members of NATO, a "red line" issue for Russia. The road to invasion and war in Georgia and Ukraine, thereafter, is explained in Near Abroad. Geopolitics is often thought of as a game of chess. Near Abroad provides an account of real life geopolitics, one that emphasizes changing spatial relationships, geopolitical cultures and the power of media images. Rather than being a cold game of deliberation, geopolitics is often driven by emotions and ambitions, by desires for freedom and greatness, by clashing personalities and reckless acts. Not only a penetrating analysis of Russia's relationships with its regional neighbors, Near Abroad also offers an analysis of how US geopolitical culture frequently fails to fully understand Russia and the geopolitical archipelago of dependencies in its near abroad.
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Bolt, Paul J., and Sharyl N. Cross. China, Russia, and Twenty-First Century Global Geopolitics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719519.001.0001.
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This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the Chinese–Russian bilateral relationship, grounded in a historical perspective, and discusses the implications of the partnership between these two major powers for world order and global geopolitics. The volume compares the national worldviews, priorities, and strategic visions for the Chinese and Russian leadership, examining several aspects of the relationship in detail. The energy trade is the most important component of economic ties, although both sides desire to broaden trade and investments. In the military realm, Russia sells advanced arms to China, and the two countries engage in regular joint exercises. Diplomatically, these two Eurasian powers take similar approaches to conflicts in Ukraine and Syria, and also cooperate on non-traditional security issues, including preventing colored revolutions, cyber management, and terrorism. These issue areas illustrate four themes. Russia and China have common interests that cement their partnership, including security, protecting authoritarian institutions, and reshaping aspects of the global order. They are key players challenging the United States and the Western liberal order, influencing not only regional issues, but also international norms and institutions. Nevertheless, Western nations remain important for China and Russia. Both seek better relations with the West, but on the basis of “mutual respect” and “equality.” Lastly, Russia and China have frictions in their relationship, and not all of their interests overlap. While the relationship has grown, particularly since 2014, China and Russia are partners but not allies.
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Rennkamp, Britta, and Radhika Bhuyan. The Social Shaping of Nuclear Energy Technology in South Africa. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802242.003.0014.
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This chapter analyses the question why the South African government intends to procure nuclear energy technology, despite affordable and accessible fossil and renewable energy alternatives. The authors analyse the social shaping of nuclear energy technology based on the statements of political actors in the public media. The authors combine a discourse network analysis with qualitative analysis to establish the coalitions in support and opposition of the programme. The central arguments in the debate are cost, safety, job creation, the appropriateness of nuclear energy, emissions reductions, transparency, risks for corruption, and geopolitical influences. The analysis concludes that the nuclear programme is not primarily about generating electricity, as it creates tangible benefits for the coalition of supporters.
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Dahlman, Carl T. Geographies of Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and War Crimes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.198.
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Extreme political violence, i.e., genocide, ethnic cleansing, and war crimes, can be examined within three explanatory frameworks important to geographical thought: nature and society; spatial identities; and geopolitics. Extreme violence is often closely associated with humanity’s failure to overcome human nature. These are fundamentally geographical concerns in the sense that they relate to geography’s central interest in humans and their environment. Scholarly works abound with Hobbesian images, often presenting primitive violence as a pervasive social condition in the absence of an effective ruler. The literature on state failure presumes the same contradiction between nature and the social-political order, but in reverse: without a conventional sovereign, social conflict emerges over basic resources. These theories suggest that the causes of extreme political violence can be identified at the intersection of nature and society, where human behavior cannot be extricated from its biological and environmental condition. Identity is understood primarily as cultural difference. Identities are an important element in any explanation of extreme political violence given that it stems from conflict between sociopolitical groups that are defined by some degree of cultural difference. Classical geopolitical analysis of extreme political violence has retained environmental and biological factors as ultimate causes. They assume that scarcity of resources and population growth drive culture, territorialism, and conflict. In contrast, contemporary and critical approaches focus on the language and action of politics, such as statecraft, diplomacy, and popular mobilization.
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Yang, Ling. “The World of Grand Union”. Hong Kong University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888390809.003.0004.
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Hetalia: Axis Powers (2006–) is one of the most popular Japanese comic and anime series in China in recent years. Through a critical analysis of diverse fan discourses and two canonical fanzines, this chapter examines the intersections between gender politics and geopolitics, nationalism and transnationalism, and localization and globalization in online Chinese Hetalia fandom. The Hetalia boom in China shows that BL not only can function as a tool to reshape configurations of gender and sexuality, it can also be employed by young women and others as a vehicle for political expression.
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Pattison, James. The Alternatives to War. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198755203.003.0001.
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This chapter sets the scope for the ensuing analysis. It first introduces the measures, before highlighting the political and theoretical significance of considering the alternatives and delineating the problems caused by the lack of clarity surrounding them. It highlights the need to develop the responsibility to protect (R2P) doctrine, to have a fuller understanding of Just War Theory and the requirements of last resort, and to offer appropriate guidance as geopolitical shifts render the alternatives to war increasingly significant. It also makes clear the scope of the analysis and outlines the measures that the book will focus on. These are the central international alternatives to war that are used to address ongoing or imminent mass atrocities and serious external aggression.
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Singh, Abhijit. India’s Naval Interests in the Pacific. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199479337.003.0011.
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Indian naval analyst, Abhijit Singh examines the reasons behind India’s naval engagement in Southeast Asia and Indian perspectives of China’s activities in the South China Sea. Singh argues that in recent years, there has been a discernable shift in India’s maritime posture in the Pacific. While the Indian Navy still identifies the Western Pacific as a secondary area of interest, its operational deployments to Southeast Asia have been gradually rising, signalling an enhanced appreciation of Indian strategic stakes in the region. In many ways, India’s principal drivers for security operations in the Pacific have their origins in the Indian Ocean where New Delhi has for long harboured geopolitical ambitions.
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Momani, Bessma, and Tanzeel Hakak. Syria. Edited by Alex J. Bellamy and Tim Dunne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198753841.013.48.
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This chapter examines the ongoing crisis in Syria as a critical case study for a nuanced understanding of the principle and doctrine of responsibility to protect (R2P). The chapter provides an outline of the background and timeline of the conflict, establishes the relevance and applicability of R2P in the case of the Syrian conflict, and finally, enumerates several pivotal explanations that underscore the lack of success in adopting R2P in Syria. Through this analysis, the authors highlight the complexity surrounding the application of R2P principles, especially in a case involving sensitive geopolitics and the presence of multiple actors with uniquely vested interests in the conflict.
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Mukherjee, Joia S. Social Forces and Their Impact on Health. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662455.003.0005.
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This chapter focuses on the social determinants of health. The phrase—the social determinants of health—is used to describe the factors and forces in society that cause ill health and premature death. To achieve health equity, it is important to understand the impact of social determinants and work to mitigate their adverse health effects. The practice of social medicine uses a biosocial approach that merges biomedical science with social analysis to design programs that strive for health equity. Because of the historical and geopolitical forces that have shaped global inequities, social medicine and a biosocial approach are important in global health and health equity and are addressed in this chapter.
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Haigh, Michael S. Fundamentals and Commodity Prices. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190656010.003.0006.
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Commodity markets occasionally co-move with the broader macro markets for reasons beyond their own fundamentally driven physical characteristics. This chapter focuses on two related avenues to look beyond the fundamentals of counting barrels, tonnes, bushels, or molecules. The first section uses a principal component analysis to disentangle how fundamentals versus non-fundamentals drive commodity prices and focuses on the crude oil market. The results are intuitive and allow isolating the extent to which supply and demand matter to price changes experienced in the market. Furthermore, the results enable understanding whether the diversification benefits of commodity markets exist in almost real time. Second, given the ability to segment fundamentally driven commodities from others, the chapter focuses on how much supply or demand factors attribute to the fundamental variation in prices. The analysis reveals that, in the oil market, supply concerns drive prices during geopolitical tensions, while demand concerns dominate during economic crises.
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Fiddian, Robin. Europe in the Dock. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794714.003.0006.
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The chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the title story of Brodie’s Report (1970), reading it intertextually through Gulliver’s Travels (Swift), Plain Tales from the Hills (Kipling), A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies (Bartolomé de Las Casas), and Tristes tropiques (Claude Lévi-Strauss). The main thrust is a critique of the missionary figure, David Brodie, who is read as serving the interests of nineteenth-century European imperialism as exemplified by the administration of Queen Victoria; she is the addressee of the Scottish Presbyterian’s report. The target of Borges’s criticism is Occidentalism as embodied in the emblematic figure of the missionary—also found in Kipling and elsewhere. The story is symptomatic of mid-twentieth-century geopolitical concerns, felt especially acutely at that time in the West.
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Haines, Daniel. Negotiating International Politics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190648664.003.0007.
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Continuing the book’s analysis of the Indus water negotiations in the context of Cold War development politics, this chapter identifies a shift from supposedly “technical” negotiations to talks that had an increasingly ‘political’ tenor. After 1954 the allocation of whole rivers to either India or Pakistan – equating a river’s passage through national territory with sovereign ownership of the watercourse – became the key principle of the Indus settlement. During this period, Western diplomats became more closely involved. It contends that the confluence of Cold War geopolitics and a moment of historical opportunity in South Asia was critical to bringing about the Indus Waters Treaty. It argues for the importance of understanding historical context, rather than relying on international relations models that predict the “inevitability” of conflict or cooperation on international rivers.
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Huang, Yukon. Cracking the China Conundrum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630034.001.0001.
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China is an abnormal economic power. No country has grown so rapidly for so long and in such an extreme manner. Media coverage has soared because China’s rise is now challenging the world’s balance of power. Yet one is as likely to read about a possible financial crisis as its emergence as the world’s largest economy. But much of the analysis is flawed, as are many of the policy prescriptions. China’s unbalanced growth, for example, is seen as a risk but in reality is a virtue. Its soaring debt levels are perceived as signaling a financial collapse but can also be interpreted as evidence of financial deepening. Its trade and foreign investment initiatives are blamed for exacerbating America’s economic decline, even though there is little connection between the two. The factors that have influenced broader concerns, such as corruption and political liberalization, are often misunderstood. And Beijing’s foreign policies in Asia need to be deciphered and dealt with differently if there is to be any hope of moderating geopolitical tensions with the United States and its regional allies. Explaining why there is such extreme variation in views and why the conventional wisdom is so often wrong is the theme of this book. Observers see China’s rise through multiple lenses. Geopolitical differences in values and mistrust is part of the explanation, but differing analytical frameworks, along with China’s size and complexity, are the major reasons. Understanding these differences is critical to forging more constructive relations between China and the rest of the world.
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Priestland, David. The Left and the Revolutions. Edited by Nicholas Doumanis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199695669.013.6.
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This article provides a new interpretation of Europe’s revolutionary era between 1917 and 1923, exploring the origins of the revolutionary wave and its diverse impact across Europe, focusing on the role of the Left. It seeks to revive the insights of social history and historical sociology, which have been neglected by a recent historiography, that stress the role of contingency, the impact of war, and the influence of militaristic cultures. Yet unlike older social history approaches which emphasised domestic social conflict at the expense of ethnic politics and empire, it argues that the revolutions were the result of a crisis of old geopolitical and ethnic hierarchies, as well as social ones. It develops a comparative approach, presenting a new way of incorporating the experience of eastern Europe and the Caucasus into the history of Europe’s revolutions, and a new analysis of why Russia provided such fertile ground for revolutionary politics.
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The Next Decade. Doubleday, 2011.
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Furuhata, Yuriko. Climatic Media. Duke University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478022435.
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In Climatic Media, Yuriko Furuhata traces climate engineering from the early twentieth century to the present, emphasizing the legacies of Japan’s empire building and its Cold War alliance with the United States. Furuhata boldly expands the scope of media studies to consider technologies that chemically “condition” Earth’s atmosphere and socially “condition” the conduct of people, focusing on the attempts to monitor and modify indoor and outdoor atmospheres by Japanese scientists, technicians, architects, and artists in conjunction with their American counterparts. She charts the geopolitical contexts of what she calls climatic media by examining a range of technologies such as cloud seeding and artificial snowflakes, digital computing used for weather forecasting and weather control, cybernetics for urban planning and policing, Nakaya Fujiko’s fog sculpture, and the architectural experiments of Tange Lab and the Metabolists, who sought to design climate-controlled capsule housing and domed cities. Furuhata’s transpacific analysis offers a novel take on the elemental conditions of media and climate change.
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Friedman, Jeffrey A. War and Chance. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190938024.001.0001.
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War and Chance analyzes the logic, psychology, and politics of assessing uncertainty in international affairs. It explains how the most important kinds of uncertainty in international politics are inherently subjective, and yet how scholars, practitioners, and pundits can still debate these issues in clear and structured ways. Altogether, the book shows how foreign policy analysts can assess uncertainty in a manner that is theoretically coherent, empirically meaningful, politically defensible, practically useful, and sometimes logically necessary for making sound choices. Each of these claims contradicts widespread skepticism about the value of probabilistic reasoning in international politics, and shows how placing greater emphasis on assessing uncertainty can improve nearly any kind of foreign policy analysis or decision. The book substantiates this argument by examining critical episodes in the history of U.S. national security policy, such as strategic planning in Vietnam, assessments of Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction programs, and the search for Osama bin Laden. The book also draws on a diverse range of quantitative evidence, including a database containing nearly one million geopolitical forecasts and experimental studies involving hundreds of national security professionals.
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Garner, Alice, and Diane Kirkby. Academic ambassadors, Pacific allies. Manchester University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526128973.001.0001.
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This book recounts the history of the Fulbright Program in Australia, locating academic exchange in the context of US cultural diplomacy and revealing a complex relationship between governments, publicly funded research and the integrity of academic independence. The study is the first in-depth analysis of the Fulbright exchange program in a single country. Drawing on previously unexplored archives and a new oral history, the authors investigate the educational, political and diplomatic challenges experienced by Australian and American scholars who won awards and those who managed the complex bi-national program. The book begins with the scheme’s origins, moves through its Australian establishment during the early Cold War, Vietnam War dilemmas, civil rights and gender parity struggles and the impacts of mid-to-late 20th century belt-tightening. How the program’s goal of ‘mutual understanding’ was understood and enacted across six decades lies at the heart of the book, which weaves institutional and individual experiences together with broader geopolitical issues. Bringing a complex and nuanced analysis to the Australia-US relationship, the authors offer fresh insights into the global influence of the Fulbright Program. It is a compelling account of academic exchange as cultural diplomacy. It offers a critical appraisal of Fulbright achievements and limitations in avoiding political influence, integrating gender and racial diversity, absorbing conflict and dissent, and responding to economic fluctuations and social change
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Hiro, Dilip. Cold War in the Islamic World. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190944650.001.0001.
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For four decades Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran have vied for influence in the Muslim world. At the heart of this ongoing Cold War between Riyadh and Tehran lie the Sunni-Shia divide, and the two countries’ diverse histories, socio-economic compositions, and claims to exceptionalism. Saudis present their rivalry with Iran stemming from conflict between Sunnis and Shias. But, according to Iran's ruling clerics, their republic is founded on Islamic precepts whereas Saudis’ dynastic rule lacks legitimacy in Islam. This foundational schism has played out in a geopolitical competition for dominance in the region and beyond: Iran has acquired influence in Syria, Iraq and Lebanon, while Saudi Arabia's hyperactive crown prince, Muhammad bin Salman, has intervened in the Yemeni civil war against the Tehran-backed Houthis, and tried to destabilize Lebanon and isolate neighboring Qatar.. In his lucid narrative, peppered with penetrating analysis, Dilip Hiro examines the toxic rivalry between the two nations, tracing its roots to the eighteen-century Arabia, and examines whether the current Cold War in the Islamic world is likely to end in the near future.
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Callahan, William A. Sensible Politics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190071738.001.0001.
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Visual images are everywhere in international politics. But how are we to understand them? Callahan uses his expertise in theory and filmmaking to explore not only what visuals mean, but also how visuals can viscerally move and connect us in “affective communities of sense.” Sensible Politics explores the visual geopolitics of war, peace, migration, and empire through an analysis of photographs, films, and art. It then expands the critical gaze to consider how “visual artifacts”—maps, veils, walls, gardens, and cyberspace—are sensory spaces in which international politics is performed through encounters on the local, national, and world stages. Here “sensible politics” isn’t just sensory, but looks beyond icons and ideology to the affective politics of everyday life. This approach challenges the Eurocentric understanding of international politics by exploring the meaning and impact of visuals from Asia and the Middle East. Sensible Politics thus decenters our understanding of social theory and international politics by (1) expanding from textual analysis to highlight the visual and the multisensory; (2) expanding from Eurocentric investigations of IR to a more comparative approach that looks to Asia and the Middle East; and (3) shifting from critical IR’s focus on inside/outside and self/Other distinctions. It draws on Callahan’s documentary filmmaking experience to see critique in terms of the creative processes of social-ordering and world-ordering. The goal is to make readers not only think visually, but also feel visually—and to creatively act visually for a multisensory appreciation of politics.
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Anderson, Cheryl P., and Debra L. Martin, eds. Massacres. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400691.001.0001.
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Bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology offer unique perspectives on studies of mass violence and present opportunities to interpret human skeletal remains in a broader cultural context. Massacres and other forms of large-scale violence have been documented in many different ancient and modern contexts. Moving the analysis from the victims to the broader political and cultural context necessitates using social theories about the nature of mass violence. Massacres can be seen as a process, that is, as the unfolding of nonrandom patterns or chains of events that precede the events and continue long after. Mass violence has a cultural logic of its own that is shaped by social and historical dynamics. Massacres can have varying aims, including subjugation or total eradication of a group based on status, ethnicity, or religion. The goal of this edited volume is to present case studies that integrate the evidence from human remains within the broader cultural and historical contexts through the utilization of social theory to provide a framework for interpretation. This volume highlights case studies of massacres across time and space that stress innovative theoretical models that help make sense of this unique form of violence. The primary focus will be on how massacres are used as a strategy of violence across time and cultural/geopolitical landscapes.
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Pisarenko, T. V., T. K. Kvasha, T. V. Havrys, O. F. Paladchenko, I. V. Molchanova, N. I. Shabranska, A. B. Osadcha, and O. P. Kochetkova. Analysis of world technological trends in the military sphere. State Institution “Ukrainian Institute of Scientific and Technical Expertise and Information”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35668/978-966-479-127-1.
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Today, the scientific and technological sphere has become the main arena of competition between countries in the world, and the use of new technologies, especially in the field of armaments, is considered as one of the most important levers of geopolitics. Such technologies are a key for expanding the capabilities of the state's defense capabilities and achieving national security goals, priory to military and military-economic, as well as scientific and technological security. Today, the identification of scientific and technological key areas of military development is used to determine the priorities of scientific and technological development and military-technical policy which is crucial for the process of creating promising models of armaments and military equipment. The introduction of the latest technologies in the military is difficult to imagine without the use of computer and other telecommunications equipment, artificial intelligence technology, military robotics, quantum and space technology, 3D printing and biotechnology. Although they all are already used in the military and security spheres, still monitoring innovation and new technologies in the military are important for understanding not only future wars, but also global security. This study reviews global technological trends based on the analysis of publications of foreign consulting agencies, international organizations and forecasting and analytical research conducted by the author's methodology. The data upon perspective directions of development of scientific and technological researches in the military sphere on the basis of the analysis of publishing activity of a DB of Web of Science and a DB of patents of Derwent Innovations is provided. In particular, the range of new directions of technological development of the military sphere has been expanded and clarified not only in general, but also specified by types and kinds of troops. This analysis allowed us to determine that the areas of development claimed by international organizations and consulting agencies correlate with the areas identified by the authors of the study on the basis of scientometric and patent analysis. At the same time, the forecasted promising areas of research, determined by scientometric analysis of Web of Science publications, more or less completely coincide with the forecasts of NATO, RAND Corporation.
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Flint, Colin. Geographic Perspectives on World-Systems Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.196.
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World-systems theory is a multidisciplinary, macro-scale approach to world history and social change which emphasizes the world-system as the primary (but not exclusive) unit of social analysis. “World-system” refers to the inter-regional and transnational division of labor, which divides the world into core countries, semi-periphery countries, and the periphery countries. Though intrinsically geographical, world-systems perspectives did not receive geographers’ attention until the 1980s, mostly in economic and political geography. Nevertheless, geographers have made important contributions in shaping world-systems perspectives through theoretical development and critique, particularly in the understanding of urban processes, states, and geopolitics. The world-systems theory can be considered as a sub-discipline of the study of political geography. Although sharing many of the theories, methods, and interests as human geography, political geography has a particular interest in territory, the state, power, and boundaries (including borders), across a range of scales from the body to the planet. Political geography has extended the scope of traditional political science approaches by acknowledging that the exercise of power is not restricted to states and bureaucracies, but is part of everyday life. This has resulted in the concerns of political geography increasingly overlapping with those of other sub-disciplines such as economic geography, and, particularly, with those of social and cultural geography in relation to the study of the politics of place.
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Agathangelou, Anna M., and Heather M. Turcotte. “Feminist” Theoretical Inquiries and “IR”. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.374.
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Feminist international relations (IR) theories have long provided interventions and insights into the embedded asymmetrical gender relations of global politics, particularly in areas such as security, state-nationalism, rights–citizenship, and global political economies. Yet despite the histories of struggle to increase attention to gender analysis, and women in particular, within world politics, IR knowledge and practice continues to segregate gendered and feminist analyses as if they are outside its own formation. IR as a field, discipline, and site of contestation of power has been one of the last fields to open up to gender and feminist analyses. One reason for this is the link between social science and international institutions like the United Nations, and its dominant role in the formation of foreign policy. Raising the inferior status of feminism within IR, that is, making possible the mainstreaming of gender and feminism, will require multiple centers of power and multiple marginalities. However, these institutional struggles for recognition through exclusion may themselves perpetuate similar exploitative relationships of drawing boundaries around legitimate academic and other institutional orders. In engaging, listening and writing these struggles, it is important to recognize that feminisms, feminist IR, and IR are intimately linked through disciplinary struggles and larger geopolitical struggles of world affairs and thus necessitate knowledge terrains attentive to intersectional and oppositional gendered struggles (i.e., race, sexuality, nation, class, religion, and gender itself).
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van Dijck, José, Thomas Poell, and Martijn de Waal. The Platform Society. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190889760.001.0001.
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Individuals all over the world can use Airbnb to rent an apartment in a foreign city, check Coursera to find a course on statistics, join PatientsLikeMe to exchange information about one’s disease, hail a cab using Uber, or read the news through Facebook’s Instant Articles. In The Platform Society, Van Dijck, Poell, and De Waal offer a comprehensive analysis of a connective world where platforms have penetrated the heart of societies—disrupting markets and labor relations, transforming social and civic practices, and affecting democratic processes. The Platform Society analyzes intense struggles between competing ideological systems and contesting societal actors—market, government, and civil society—asking who is or should be responsible for anchoring public values and the common good in a platform society. Public values include, of course, privacy, accuracy, safety, and security; but they also pertain to broader societal effects, such as fairness, accessibility, democratic control, and accountability. Such values are the very stakes in the struggle over the platformization of societies around the globe. The Platform Society highlights how these struggles play out in four private and public sectors: news, urban transport, health, and education. Some of these conflicts highlight local dimensions, for instance, fights over regulation between individual platforms and city councils, while others address the geopolitical level where power clashes between global markets and (supra-)national governments take place.
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Müller, Thomas. Imaginierter Westen: Das Konzept des »deutschen Westraums« Im Völkischen Diskurs Zwischen Politischer Romantik und Nationalsozialismus. Transcript Verlag, 2015.
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Avrutin, Eugene M., and Elissa Bemporad, eds. Pogroms. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190060084.001.0001.
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Pogroms: A Documentary History explores the remarkable long history of anti-Jewish violence in the Eastern European borderlands, beginning with the pogroms of 1881–1882 in the Russian Empire and concluding in Poland on the eve of World War II. The volume opens with a comprehensive introductory essay on pogroms, followed by nine chapters of case studies. Organized chronologically, each chapter includes a unique array of archival and published sources, selected and introduced by a scholar expert in the period under investigation. The documents assembled here include eyewitness testimony, oral histories, diary excerpts, literary works, trial records, and press coverage. They also contain memos and field reports authored by army officials, investigative commissions, humanitarian organizations, and government officials. Pogroms explains the origins, timing, and consequences of pogrom violence at various levels of society, as well as the lives, relationships, activities, and interactions of those groups of people that rarely appear in the historical literature. By providing a nuanced analysis of the specific geopolitical context where the violence erupted, the volume captures the specific nature of the waves of pogroms that broke out in different regions and at different times. Informed by the literature on collective violence and comparative genocide studies, the volume helps re-evaluate the complex motivations, policy directives, and reactions of the most powerful decision-makers to those officials and their accomplices operating in the provinces. The result is a balanced and accessible guide to the history of anti-Jewish violence.
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Nyman, Jonna. The Energy Security Paradox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820444.001.0001.
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The decisions we make about energy shape our present and our future. From geopolitical tension to environmental degradation and an increasingly unstable climate, these choices infiltrate the very air we breathe. Energy security politics has direct impact on the continued survival of human life as we know it, and the earth cannot survive if we continue consuming fossil energy at current rates. The low carbon transition is simply not happening fast enough, and change is unlikely without a radical change in how we approach energy security. But thinking on energy security has failed to keep up with these changing realities. Energy security is primarily considered to be about the availability of reliable and affordable energy supplies—having enough energy—and it remains closely linked to national security. The Energy Security Paradox looks at contemporary energy security politics in the United States and China, demonstrating that current energy security practices actually lead to a security paradox: they produce insecurity. Based on in-depth empirical analysis, it develops the ‘energy security paradox’ as a framework for understanding the interconnected insecurities produced by current practices. However, it also goes beyond this, examining resistance to current practices to highlight that we not only can do energy security differently: this is already happening. In the process, it demonstrates that the value of security depends on the context. Based on this, it proposes a radical reconsideration of how we approach and practice energy security.