To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Analgesics.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Analgesics'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Analgesics.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Almeida, Maria Raquel de [UNESP]. "Efeitos analgésicos pós-operatórios de cetamina e/ou morfina em cadelas submetidas à OSH eletiva." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95068.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2012-02-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:56:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
almeida_mr_me_botfm.pdf: 222592 bytes, checksum: 05b672385b2d5a4637d5ffd83bfcfbc3 (MD5)Avaliaram-se os efeitos analgésicos de morfina e/ou cetamina em 24 cadelas hígidas com peso de 11,01± 8,69 kg e idade de 27±17 meses, submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia (OSH) eletiva. Os animais foram tratados imediatamente após a indução anestésica com: morfina (GM, n=8, 0,5 mg/kg IM), cetamina (GC, n=8, 2,5 mg/kg IM) ou morfina associada à cetamina nas mesmas doses anteriores. Avaliou-se o escore de sedação e a dor de forma encoberta (cega) por meio de escala analógica visual (EAV) e Escala de Glasgow Modificada (EGM), às duas horas antes do procedimento cirúrgico e 1, 2, 4, 8,12 e 24 horas após a extubação. Os resgates analgésicos foram realizados com morfina 1 mg/kg e caso não suficiente, no momento seguinte, com meloxicam 0,2 mg/kg, ambos IM, quando a pontuação da EGM atingisse 33% do valor total. Para as variáveis nãoparamétricas utilizou-se o teste de Friedman seguido de Dunn, para avaliar as diferenças de cada grupo ao longo do tempo, o teste de Kruskal-Wallis seguido de Dunn para avaliar as diferenças entre os grupos em cada momento e o número de resgates analgésicos. Para as variáveis paramétricas, utilizou-se o ANOVA seguido do teste de Tukey, todos com 5% de significância. Exceto para EGM onde os valores em GM foram superiores à GCM à 1h, não houve outras diferenças entre os grupos. O número de resgates analgésicos foi superior em GM, já que todos animais necessitaram resgate em 11 ocasiões. Apenas um animal do GC e dois do GCM necessitaram de dois e três resgates respectivamente. A analgesia oferecida pela administração pré-incisional de cetamina foi mais efetiva do que a oferecida pela morfina e este fármaco pode ser utilizado para analgesia preemptiva em cadelas submetidas à OSH
The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of morphine and/or ketamine in 24 healthy bitches, weighing 11.01± 8.69 kg and aging 27±17 months, submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy. The animals were submitted one of the three treatments after the anaesthetic induction: morphine (GM, n=8, 0,5 mg/kg IM), ketamine (GC, n=8, 2.5 mg/kg IM) or ketamine combined to morphine using the same doses described previously. Sedation score and pain assessment was performed blindly before surgery and at 1, 2, 4, 8,12 and 24 hours after extubation, using the visual analogue scale and Glasgow modified pain scale (GMPS). Rescue analgesia was performed with morphine 1 mg/kg and of not sufficient followed by meloxicam 0.2 mg/kg, both IM, when the GMPS reached 33% of the total score. Parametric data were analysed using Friedman´s test followed by Dunn´s test for differences in time. Kruskal-Wallis´ followed by Dunn´s test were performed to investigate differences in number of analgesic rescues and between groups at each time. Paramentric data were evaluated by ANOVA followed by Tukeys´s test, with 5% of statistical significance. Except for GMPS, where the values of GM were greater than for GCM at 1h post-operatively, there wrere no other differences between groups. The number of rescue analgesia was greater in GM, as all animals needed rescue analgesia in 11 occasions, while only one dog from GC and two from GCM needed two and three analgesic rescues respectively. Analgesia provided by pre-incisional ketamine was more effective when compared to morphine. According to that ketamine alone may be used as a preemptive analgesic in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy
2
Almeida, Maria Raquel de. "Efeitos analgésicos pós-operatórios de cetamina e/ou morfina em cadelas submetidas à OSH eletiva /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95068.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Stelio Pacca Loureiro LunaBanca: Juliana Tabarelli Brondani
Banca: Silvia Renata Gaido Cortopassi
Resumo: Avaliaram-se os efeitos analgésicos de morfina e/ou cetamina em 24 cadelas hígidas com peso de 11,01± 8,69 kg e idade de 27±17 meses, submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia (OSH) eletiva. Os animais foram tratados imediatamente após a indução anestésica com: morfina (GM, n=8, 0,5 mg/kg IM), cetamina (GC, n=8, 2,5 mg/kg IM) ou morfina associada à cetamina nas mesmas doses anteriores. Avaliou-se o escore de sedação e a dor de forma encoberta (cega) por meio de escala analógica visual (EAV) e Escala de Glasgow Modificada (EGM), às duas horas antes do procedimento cirúrgico e 1, 2, 4, 8,12 e 24 horas após a extubação. Os resgates analgésicos foram realizados com morfina 1 mg/kg e caso não suficiente, no momento seguinte, com meloxicam 0,2 mg/kg, ambos IM, quando a pontuação da EGM atingisse 33% do valor total. Para as variáveis nãoparamétricas utilizou-se o teste de Friedman seguido de Dunn, para avaliar as diferenças de cada grupo ao longo do tempo, o teste de Kruskal-Wallis seguido de Dunn para avaliar as diferenças entre os grupos em cada momento e o número de resgates analgésicos. Para as variáveis paramétricas, utilizou-se o ANOVA seguido do teste de Tukey, todos com 5% de significância. Exceto para EGM onde os valores em GM foram superiores à GCM à 1h, não houve outras diferenças entre os grupos. O número de resgates analgésicos foi superior em GM, já que todos animais necessitaram resgate em 11 ocasiões. Apenas um animal do GC e dois do GCM necessitaram de dois e três resgates respectivamente. A analgesia oferecida pela administração pré-incisional de cetamina foi mais efetiva do que a oferecida pela morfina e este fármaco pode ser utilizado para analgesia preemptiva em cadelas submetidas à OSH
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of morphine and/or ketamine in 24 healthy bitches, weighing 11.01± 8.69 kg and aging 27±17 months, submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy. The animals were submitted one of the three treatments after the anaesthetic induction: morphine (GM, n=8, 0,5 mg/kg IM), ketamine (GC, n=8, 2.5 mg/kg IM) or ketamine combined to morphine using the same doses described previously. Sedation score and pain assessment was performed blindly before surgery and at 1, 2, 4, 8,12 and 24 hours after extubation, using the visual analogue scale and Glasgow modified pain scale (GMPS). Rescue analgesia was performed with morphine 1 mg/kg and of not sufficient followed by meloxicam 0.2 mg/kg, both IM, when the GMPS reached 33% of the total score. Parametric data were analysed using Friedman's test followed by Dunn's test for differences in time. Kruskal-Wallis' followed by Dunn's test were performed to investigate differences in number of analgesic rescues and between groups at each time. Paramentric data were evaluated by ANOVA followed by Tukeys's test, with 5% of statistical significance. Except for GMPS, where the values of GM were greater than for GCM at 1h post-operatively, there wrere no other differences between groups. The number of rescue analgesia was greater in GM, as all animals needed rescue analgesia in 11 occasions, while only one dog from GC and two from GCM needed two and three analgesic rescues respectively. Analgesia provided by pre-incisional ketamine was more effective when compared to morphine. According to that ketamine alone may be used as a preemptive analgesic in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy
Mestre
3
Humble, Stephen R. "Neurosteroids : endogenous analgesics?" Thesis, University of Dundee, 2013. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/c4659466-cd41-494d-aec6-edcf50e5274b.
Full textAbstract:
Peripheral sensitisation and central sensitisation are implicated in the development of neuropathic pain with neuroplasticity occurring at multiple levels of the pain pathway. Hypersensitivity of the spinothalamic tract has been described in neuropathic animal models of diabetes. Spinal dorsal horn neurones of diabetic rats exhibit abnormally high spontaneous firing, suggesting an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory signals converging within this structure. GABAergic neurones within the spinal cord and thalamus are crucial for the transmission of painful stimuli to higher centres of the brain that are involved in pain perception. GABAA receptors (GABAARs) are an important target for many clinical drugs, and certain endogenous neurosteroids act as potent allosteric modulators of these receptors. A developmental change in the rate of exponential decay of GABAergic synaptic events has been observed in other types of neurones and this may be related in part to fluctuations in endogenous neurosteroid tone. The objective of this study was to investigate changes to inhibitory neurotransmission with development in three levels of the pain pathway and to explore potential mechanisms underlying diabetic neuropathy. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used on slices of neural tissue. Electrophysiological recordings were obtained from wild type mice between the ages of 6 and 80 days in lamina II of the spinal cord, the nucleus reticularis (nRT) of the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. Recordings were also obtained from mice with diabetic neuropathy (ob/ob and db/db) between the ages of 60 and 80 days. Neurosteroids and their precursors were employed along with compounds that prevented their activity at the GABAAR such as ?-cyclodextrin, which is a barrel-shaped cyclic oligosaccharide with a lipophilic interior that sequesters neurosteroids. Behavioural experiments were also performed using von Frey filaments and the tail flick test to examine mechanical and thermal nociception. Recordings from the spinal cord, the thalamus and the cerebral cortex revealed that the decay time of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents are significantly reduced with development. The neurosteroids allopregnanolone and ganaxolone were significantly more effective in neurones from the older mice. In contrast, ?-cyclodextrin had significantly less effect in neurones from the older mice. In mature diabetic mice (ob/ob mice), the endogenous neurosteroid tone is reduced compared to control mice, but certain neurosteroid compounds have a greater effect on the GABAARs of these diabetic mice. In addition, the diabetic mice exhibit mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia, which is responsive to exogenously applied neurosteroids. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a dramatic reduction in endogenous neurosteroid tone occurs as development progresses and that this impacts on the exponential decay time of GABAergic mIPSCs within neurones of the pain pathway. The higher neurosteroid tone in the youngest mice may confer a degree of neural protection over the nervous system as it develops. The reduction of endogenous neurosteroid tone in diabetic mice may be associated with their hypersensitivity. It is possible that pregnane-derived neurosteroids may exert analgesic effects in pathological pain states by attempting to restore the physiological GABAergic inhibitory tone that is observed in immature animals.
4
Bradley, Catherine Mary. "Central effects of analgesics." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316620.
Full text
5
Lorena, Sílvia Elaine Rodolfo de Sá [UNESP]. "Estudo demográfico sobre as condutas de avaliação e tratamento da dor dos médicos veterinários brasileiros no período perioperatório de grandes e pequenos animais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101036.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2010-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:02:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
lorena_sers_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 632999 bytes, checksum: 35174e377fd65ef6483f2f8509b96974 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O uso de analgésicos em animais é justificado moral e cientificamente. Para tal, é necessário que os profissionais saibam reconhecer e tratar a dor de forma adequada em animais. Objetivou-se correlacionar diversos dados demográficos para obter o perfil do médico veterinário brasileiro de grandes e pequenos animais. O questionário da pesquisa foi composto por: dados pessoais, utilização de fármacos analgésicos, analgesia, conduta no alívio da dor, uso de analgésicos em diversos procedimentos de grandes e pequenos animais, avaliação da dor e atualizações. A estatística foi realizada pelo programa SAS for Windows versão 9.1.3 com estatística descritiva com análise de frequência. Para as comparações simples foi utilizado o teste de qui-quadrado (x2). Foram obtidos 1.298 questionários de pequenos animais e 713 de grandes. Mulheres e profissionais graduados havia menos de dez anos conferiram maiores escores de dor que homens e profissionais formados havia mais de dez anos, porém a duração do tratamento não diferiu entre os gêneros. Os opioides mais utilizados para a analgesia foram tramadol (79%) e morfina (50,5%), em cães e gatos, e butorfanol (43,4%) e tramadol (39%) em grandes animais. Os efeitos adversos mais reportados dos opioides em gatos foram depressão respiratória e excitação. Em cães os principais efeitos adversos assinalados foram depressão respiratória e êmese. Para grandes animais, as preocupações com o uso desses fármacos foram: risco de excitação e síndrome cólica equina. Mais de 50% dos veterinários não utilizava opioides em bovinos. Os anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINEs) mais escolhidos para pequenos animais foram meloxicam (81%) e cetoprofeno (70,4%), e flunixin meglumine (83,2%) e cetoprofeno (67,6%) em grandes animais. Os efeitos...
The use of analgesics in animals is morally and scientifically justified. According to that, the professionals should know how to recognize and treat pain in animals. The aim of this study was to correlate the demographic data of the Brazilian veterinarians, with the use of analgesics, the factors that affected the decision on the use of analgesia, attitudes, knowledge and methods of obtaining information on the evaluation and treatment of pain in animals. The questionnaire was composed of demographics, personal data, use of analgesics in general and specific procedures, analgesia, attitudes in the assessment and relief of pain and types of information in the area. The descriptive statistics with frequency analysis was performed using SAS for Windows 9.1.3. Chi-square (x2) for simple comparisons test was used. Questionnaires were obtained from 1298 small and 713 large animal veterinarians. Women and veterinarians graduated for less than ten years attributed higher pain scores than men, and veterinarians graduated for over ten years, but the frequency and duration of analgesic treatment did not differ between gender. The most commonly used opioid for analgesia of small animals were tramadol (79%) and morphine (50.5%) for dogs and cats, and butorphanol (43.4%) and tramadol (39%) for large animals. The most important side effects of opioids in small animals were respiratory depression and excitement, for cats and emesis in dogs and excitement and colic syndrome in 4 horses. NSAIDs of choice for small animals were meloxicam (81%) and ketoprofen (70.4%) and for large animals, flunixin meglumine (83.2%) and ketoprofen (67.6%). Side effects of NSAIDs most frequently reported for all species were gastric changes and nephrotoxicity. The most important limiting factors for the use of NSAIDs and opiods were the side effects for horses and the cost for cattles. The cats received lower pain... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
6
Yat, P. N. "Synthesis and reactions of 2,6-methano-3-benzazocines and arylbicyclo[4.n.1]enones as potential analgesics." Thesis, University of Salford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376863.
Full text
7
Al-Obaidy, Saad S. "Metabolism and pharmokinetics of minor analgesics." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238999.
Full text
8
Zhang, Wei Ya. "Risk-benefit assessment of minor analgesics." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390515.
Full text
9
Dong, Xiao-Wei. "Analgesics, anaesthetics and spinal sensory responsiveness." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303783.
Full text
10
Arends, Rosalinda Helena Gerardus Petronella. "Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of opioid analgesics /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7955.
Full text
11
Lorena, Sílvia Elaine Rodolfo de Sá. "Estudo demográfico sobre as condutas de avaliação e tratamento da dor dos médicos veterinários brasileiros no período perioperatório de grandes e pequenos animais /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101036.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Stélio Pacca Loureiro LunaBanca: Antonio José de Araújo Aguiar
Banca: Carlos Augusto Araújo Valadão
Banca: Suzane Lilian Beier
Banca: Juliana Tabarelli Brondani
Resumo: O uso de analgésicos em animais é justificado moral e cientificamente. Para tal, é necessário que os profissionais saibam reconhecer e tratar a dor de forma adequada em animais. Objetivou-se correlacionar diversos dados demográficos para obter o perfil do médico veterinário brasileiro de grandes e pequenos animais. O questionário da pesquisa foi composto por: dados pessoais, utilização de fármacos analgésicos, analgesia, conduta no alívio da dor, uso de analgésicos em diversos procedimentos de grandes e pequenos animais, avaliação da dor e atualizações. A estatística foi realizada pelo programa SAS for Windows versão 9.1.3 com estatística descritiva com análise de frequência. Para as comparações simples foi utilizado o teste de qui-quadrado (x2). Foram obtidos 1.298 questionários de pequenos animais e 713 de grandes. Mulheres e profissionais graduados havia menos de dez anos conferiram maiores escores de dor que homens e profissionais formados havia mais de dez anos, porém a duração do tratamento não diferiu entre os gêneros. Os opioides mais utilizados para a analgesia foram tramadol (79%) e morfina (50,5%), em cães e gatos, e butorfanol (43,4%) e tramadol (39%) em grandes animais. Os efeitos adversos mais reportados dos opioides em gatos foram depressão respiratória e excitação. Em cães os principais efeitos adversos assinalados foram depressão respiratória e êmese. Para grandes animais, as preocupações com o uso desses fármacos foram: risco de excitação e síndrome cólica equina. Mais de 50% dos veterinários não utilizava opioides em bovinos. Os anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINEs) mais escolhidos para pequenos animais foram meloxicam (81%) e cetoprofeno (70,4%), e flunixin meglumine (83,2%) e cetoprofeno (67,6%) em grandes animais. Os efeitos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The use of analgesics in animals is morally and scientifically justified. According to that, the professionals should know how to recognize and treat pain in animals. The aim of this study was to correlate the demographic data of the Brazilian veterinarians, with the use of analgesics, the factors that affected the decision on the use of analgesia, attitudes, knowledge and methods of obtaining information on the evaluation and treatment of pain in animals. The questionnaire was composed of demographics, personal data, use of analgesics in general and specific procedures, analgesia, attitudes in the assessment and relief of pain and types of information in the area. The descriptive statistics with frequency analysis was performed using SAS for Windows 9.1.3. Chi-square (x2) for simple comparisons test was used. Questionnaires were obtained from 1298 small and 713 large animal veterinarians. Women and veterinarians graduated for less than ten years attributed higher pain scores than men, and veterinarians graduated for over ten years, but the frequency and duration of analgesic treatment did not differ between gender. The most commonly used opioid for analgesia of small animals were tramadol (79%) and morphine (50.5%) for dogs and cats, and butorphanol (43.4%) and tramadol (39%) for large animals. The most important side effects of opioids in small animals were respiratory depression and excitement, for cats and emesis in dogs and excitement and colic syndrome in 4 horses. NSAIDs of choice for small animals were meloxicam (81%) and ketoprofen (70.4%) and for large animals, flunixin meglumine (83.2%) and ketoprofen (67.6%). Side effects of NSAIDs most frequently reported for all species were gastric changes and nephrotoxicity. The most important limiting factors for the use of NSAIDs and opiods were the side effects for horses and the cost for cattles. The cats received lower pain... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
12
Ledin, Eriksson Susanne. "Central-block techniques for relief of labour pain /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-911-0/.
Full text
13
Lane, Roy James. "Pain, disease and analgesics in ancient Egypt." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410278.
Full text
14
Williams, P. S. "Studies on neuropeptidase inhibitors as potential analgesics." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378579.
Full text
15
Masuda, Quamrun N. "The stability and formulation of topical analgesics." Thesis, Aston University, 1985. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12476/.
Full textAbstract:
High-performance liquid chromatographic methods are developed for the simultaneous determination of various salicylates, their p-hydroxy isomers and nicotinic acid esters. The method is sensitive enough to detect trace amounts (~µM/L)of the product generated from cross reactivity between the drugs and the vehicle. The developed method also allows analysis of various topical products containing salicylate and nicotinate esters in their formulations. Applying this method, the degradation profiles of salicylates, nicotinates, p-hydroxy benzoate, o-methoxy benzoate and aspirin prodrugs in alkaline media are determined. The profile for alkyl salicylate degradation is found to be first order (A---? B) When the alcoholic radical is similar to that of the ester. In alcohol having a radical different from that of the ester function, the degradation is found to proceed through competitive transesterification and hydrolysis. The intermediates are identified following synthesis and isolation. The rate and extent of transesterification depends on the proportion of alcohol present in the system. Equations are presented to model the time profiles of reactant and product concentration. The reactions are base catalysed and the predominant pathway involves a concerted solvent attack upon the salicylate anion. Competitive hydrolysis of both ester components also follows this mechanism at moderate pH values but rates increase under strongly alkaline conditions as direct hydroxide attack becomes significant. In contrast, transesterification is independent of base concentration once full ionization is accomplished. The competitive hydrolysis is modelled using equations involving the dielectric constant of the medium. A range of other esters are also shown to undergo base-catalysed transesterification. In non-alcoholic solution phenyl salicylate undergoes a concentration-dependent oligomerisation which yields salsalate among the products. Competitive transesterification and hydrolysis also occur in products for topical use which have vehicles based upon alcohol, glycol or glycol polymers. Such reactions may compromise stability assessments, pharmaceutical integrity and delivery profiles.
16
Zuhl, Stephanie. "Survey of Patient’s Knowledge of OTC Analgesics." The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624416.
Full textAbstract:
Class of 2007 AbstractObjectives: The main objective of this study was to determine if there was a link between the amount of OTC medications consumed and the knowledge of these products. With approximately 100,000 OTC products are available to the consumer this study focused on the most common class sold over the counter, analgesics. This study also determined if there was a correlation between the elderly and their frequency and knowledge of these products. Specific demographic characteristics including gender and education level were also evaluated to determine if these factors had an impact. Methods: A 21 question survey on OTC analgesics was distributed to retail pharmacy customers. It consisted of questions on amount of OTC analgesics regularly consumed, general knowledge of these products, and basic demographic questions. The initial questions assessed the amount of OTC analgesic regularly consumed by the participant. The remaining questions were designed to determine the participant’s knowledge of these products. They were either multiple choice or true false questions covering basic information on OTC analgesics Results: It was found there was no correlation between the amount of OTC analgesics consumed and the knowledge of these products. A person who consumed analgesics on a regular basis was not significantly more knowledgable about these products then a person who had never taken them. There was also no link between age and amount of OTC analgesics taken or knowledge of these products. It was found that women have more knowledge of OTC analgesics then men. Females answered an average 63.6% of the survey questions correct, compared to males who answered 51.8% correct. This project also demonstrated there was a correlation between the amount of the participant’s education level and their knowledge of OTC analgesics. Participants who had a high school education or less, answered 53.6% of the questions correct, and those who had a college degree or post graduate answered 73.5% correct. Conclusions: Although OTC analgesics don’t require a prescription, it is still important to counsel patients taking these medications. This should be considered a necessary part of the job of a pharmacist to ensure the general population has adequate knowledge of these products and is taking them safely. These products can offer a significant benefit and improve a person’s quality of life when utilized correctly. Providing patient education can ensure this can be done.
17
Doleman, Brett. "A meta-analysis of gabapentin and multimodal analgesics." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43385/.
Full textAbstract:
Multimodal analgesia has been proposed as a useful strategy to reduce postoperative pain while decreasing opioid consumption and thus opioid adverse events. Gabapentin is one such agent although previous results have been heterogeneous. This thesis aimed to review randomised controlled trials of gabapentin for reducing pain, opioid adverse effects and the haemodynamic response to intubation while attempted to predict clinical effectiveness from these trials using meta-regression. Extending this principle, we evaluated other multimodal analgesic agents to identify whether heterogeneity could be explained by various clinical and methodological covariates. Our gabapentin review included 133 randomised controlled trials and demonstrated its efficacy in reducing pain scores, opioid consumption and opioid adverse events such as nausea, vomiting and pruritus. However, gabapentin increased the risk of sedation. Gabapentin was effective at reducing the haemodynamic response to intubation in 29 randomised controlled trials although trials failed to report on clinically relevant outcomes. Gabapentin exhibited no pre-emptive analgesic effect in 4 randomised controlled trials. There was evidence of considerable statistical heterogeneity on meta-analysis of gabapentin for pain scores and 24-hour morphine consumption. Meta-regression analysis showed however that baseline risk predicted the majority of the heterogeneity between studies. Extending this approach to other multimodal analgesics from 344 randomised controlled trials; we demonstrated this was true for analgesic agents in general. In addition to baseline risk, methodological limitations, especially inadequate allocation concealment, explained some of the residual heterogeneity. There was evidence of funnel plot asymmetry for most analgesic agents, suggesting publication bias. However, this may be a product of trials with higher baseline risk having larger standard errors, rather than true publication bias. Indeed, when we simulated meta-analyses with no publication bias, with both effect size and standard deviations dependent on baseline risk, funnel plot asymmetry was still evident (p < 0.001). Therefore, conventional funnel plots may be an unsuitable method of detecting publication bias where baseline risk predicts between-study heterogeneity. We present an alternative method using meta-regression residuals that corrects funnel plot asymmetry in the presence of no publication bias. Finally, due to concerns that methodological limitations exaggerated effect estimates, we used trial sequential analysis to determine whether sufficient low risk of bias evidence exists to reject type I and type II errors in the analyses of analgesic adjuncts. We demonstrated there is currently insufficient evidence from low risk of bias trials to be confident of the efficacy of the majority of analgesic adjuncts.
18
Torres, Perez Jose Vicente. "Emerging targets for analgesics to control inflammatory pain." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/55115.
Full textAbstract:
Burn injury is followed by one of the most severe inflammatory conditions and associated with one of the most excruciating persistent pain. Current therapeutics for burn injury-associated pain are limited and produce undesired side effects. The development and particularly the maintenance of persistent pain depend on plastic changes in neurons involved in the processing of noxious stimulation-evoked (nociceptive) information including nociceptive primary sensory neurons and spinal dorsal horn neurons. Those plastic changes include changes in gene expression that are regulated largely by epigenetic mechanisms including post-translational modification of histones. Here, I show inflammatory conditions including that following burn injury significantly and specifically up-regulates, both in a group of primary sensory neurons and spinal dorsal horn neurons, the expression of phosphorylated serine 10 in histone H3 (pS10H3), a transcriptionally permissive histone mark. This up-regulation is associated, in superficial spinal cord neurons, with up-regulation in the expression of cFos a known marker for nociceptive processing. In superficial spinal cord neurons, these up-regulations depend on the activation of the N-methyl-D aspartate receptor, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 and mitogen and stress-activated kinase 1 and 2 (MSK1/2). Importantly, deletion of MSK1/2 blocks the development of inflammatory heat hyperalgesia. Further, blocking the voltage-gated sodium channel type 1.7 significantly reduces pS10H3 up-regulation both in primary sensory neurons and superficial spinal dorsal horn neurons. I conclude that pS10H3 represents a novel marker for nociceptive processing both in primary sensory and superficial spinal dorsal horn neurons, and transcriptional changes downstream of S10H3 phosphorylation are pivotal in the development of inflammatory heat hyperalgesia. I further conclude that Nav1.7 is a promising target for the control of heat hyperalgesia in burn injury.
19
Gregg, Elizabeth Dowing. "The relationship between analgesics administration and postoperative independence /." Staten Island, N.Y. : [s.n.], 1990. http://library.wagner.edu/theses/nursing/1990/thesis_nur_1990_gregg_relat.pdf.
Full text
20
Tucker, Adam Paul 1965. "An evaluation of the spinal and supraspinal actions of analgesic drugs." Monash University, Dept. of Anaesthesia, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8492.
Full text
21
Rane, Lindgren Kerstin. "Intrathecal adenosine for treatment of acute pain : safety assessments and evaluation in experimental, surgical and labour pain /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-750-9.
Full text
22
Campbell, William I. "Pain suppression using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335935.
Full text
23
Hannah, Matthew James. "Studies on the expression and processing of proenkephalin A." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336056.
Full text
24
Pawula, Maria. "Studies on the analysis and metabolism of opiate analgesics." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241009.
Full text
25
Thorn, Simon Alexander. "Investigations into the peripheral and central actions of analgesics." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238850.
Full text
26
Reidel, Kristen. "Trends in dispensed opioid analgesics in Quebec, Canada 1994-2007." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95189.
Full textAbstract:
To identify patient sub-groups with changes in opioid analgesic use in Quebec between 1994 and 2007, a cohort of 2 698 624 adult patients with public drug insurance was assembled. Time series analysis was used to examine both the proportion of patients each day with an opioid prescription and mean daily dose of opioid prescriptions. Analyses were stratified by patient and opioid characteristics. Daily prevalence of opioid use rose from 0.6% to 1.6% in non-cancer patients and 1.5% to 3.7% in cancer patients between 1994 and 2007. Mean daily opioid dose more than tripled in non-cancer patients, due to increasing simultaneous use of both long and short-acting opioids. Patients 80 and older showed the greatest relative increase in opioid use, with fentanyl patch adopted more rapidly in this age group than any other. Further research should evaluate beneficial and adverse effects associated with the increasing use of opioids in non-cancer patients.Pour déterminer les sous-groupes de patients pour lesquels l'utilisation d'analgésiques opioïdes a changé au Québec entre 1994 et 2007, une cohorte de 2 698 624 patients adultes couverts par le régime public d'assurance médicaments a été créée. Un analyse de séries chronologiques a été utilisée pour calculer la proportion quotidienne de patients sous opio ïdes et la dose quotidienne moyenne d'opioïdes. Toutes les analyses ont été stratifiées selon les caractéristiques des patients et les caractéristiques des opioïdes. Entre 1994 et 2007, la fréquence quotidienne de consommation d'opioïdes est passée de 0,6% à 1,6% chez les patients non cancéreux et de 1,5% à 3,7% chez les patients cancéreux. La dose quotidienne moyenne d'opioïdes a plus que triplé chez les non cancéreux, en raison de l'augmentation de l'utilisation des opioïdes à longue durée d'action associée aux opioïdes à courte durée d'action. Les patients âgés de plus de 80 ans ont montré la plus forte augmentation relative de consommation d'opioïdes, et le fentanyl a été adopté plus rapidement dans cette tranche d'âge que dans les autres. D'autres recherches devraient permettre d'évaluer les impacts positifs et négatifs de cette augmentation de l'utilisation d'opioïdes chez les patients non cancéreux.
27
Briggs, Andrea. "Analgesics in community practice with a focus on elderly people." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337642.
Full text
28
Liu, Max. "The synthesis of novel analgesics based on the morphine prototype." Thesis, University of Bath, 1998. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760716.
Full text
29
Di, Pretoro Anna M. A. "The synthesis of morphine-6-glucuronide analogues as potential analgesics." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1996. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/32407.
Full textAbstract:
It is known that morphine-6-glucuronide is more potent than morphine, but it is difficult and expensive to produce. Our aim was to synthesise an analogue(s) of morphine-6-glucuronide which would have similar or enhanced properties, but that could be obtained via a simple synthetic route. It is hoped that such a compound could be used to treat terminally ill cancer patients. Due to the enhanced potency a smaller dose of the drug would be required to effect the same analgesic effect as morphine, and this may help to reduce the effect of morphine tolerance.
30
Hurtado, Gonzalez Pablo Ignacio. "The consequences of fetal exposure to analgesics for germ cells." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29631.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the general advice of avoiding medication during pregnancy, the majority of pregnant woman use one or more ‘over the counter’ analgesics. During the last few years there has been growing evidence that analgesic exposure, such as paracetamol, ibuprofen or indomethacin, during pregnancy can have detrimental effects on rodent and human fetal gonads. The majority of previous studies have focused in alterations in testosterone production and male reproductive disorders. However, few studies have analysed the effect of these analgesics on fetal germ cells and possible consequences on fertility. During my thesis, I first focused on the effect of paracetamol and indomethacin exposure during pregnancy on rat fetal gonads. These showed that both paracetamol and indomethacin are able to alter the expression of genes important for fetal gonad and germ cell development. Previous studies on germ cells and analgesics have focused on rat models, but there is a lack of similar studies performed in human models. Therefore, I investigated the consequences of exposure of therapeutically relevant doses of paracetamol and ibuprofen on human gonads, with a special attention to the germ cells. Fetal gonads from the 1st and 2nd trimester were used in two different models: hanging drop cultures for 1st trimester testes and ovaries and a xenograft system for 2nd trimester fetal testes. Fetal gonad culture in the presence of paracetamol or ibuprofen reduced AP2γ+ (gonocyte) GC number in both 1st trimester fetal testes (22-28% reduction) and ovaries (43-49% reduction). 2nd trimester fetal testes were exposed to three different regimes, 1 or 7 days paracetamol and 7 days ibuprofen, which led to reductions of 17% and 30%, respectively in AP2γ+ GC number for paracetamol and a 53% reduction in total germ cell number for ibuprofen.
31
Phillips, Helen Elizabeth. "Synthetic applications of the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of Furan (IMDAF) / radical cyclisation strategy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335865.
Full text
32
Coop, Andrew. "Ring constrained analogues of buprenorphine." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238956.
Full text
33
Kouya, Poli François. "The analgesic mechanisms of Buprenorphine /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-608-5/.
Full text
34
Volmanen, P. (Petri). "Intravenous patient controlled analgesia with remifentanil in early labour." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2010. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514261176.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
In four prospective clinical trials, 114 parturients used intravenous patient-controlled remifentanil analgesia during the 1st stage of labour. The median effective dose per bolus was ascertained to be 0.4 μg/kg and the pain scores were reduced with this by a median of 2 on a numerical scale (0–10). Compared with nitrous oxide, 15 parturients included in a cross-over study reported a larger reduction in pain scores during remifentanil analgesia (1.5 vs. 0.5, p = 0.001) and better pain relief scores (2.5 vs. 0.5 on a ranked five point scale 0–4, p < 0.001). In a parallel study including 45 parturients, epidural analgesia (EDA, 20 ml bupivacaine 0.625 mg/ml and fentanyl 2 μg/ml) was associated with lower pain scores (5.2 vs. 7.3 with remifentanil, p = 0.004) but variables related to satisfaction with analgesia (pain relief score, proportion of mothers with desire to continue with the given medication and termination of the study due to inadequate pain relief) were similar. A comparison of two methods for timing the remifentanil bolus during the uterine contraction cycle suggested that delaying the bolus does not improve analgesia. A period effect was noted in the cross-over trial with higher pain scores and increased drug consumption during the second study period suggesting acute hyperalgesia.
Side effects of remifentanil analgesia included respiratory depression warranting oxygen supplementation in 33% of parturients. Sedation was experienced by the parturients using remifentanil and this was scored as stronger than sedation during nitrous oxide and EDA. The number of parturients with nausea did not increase during remifentanil analgesia. Other maternal side effects included dizziness, a difficulty in visual focusing and itching. Foetal heart rate tracing abnormalities were noted. The incidence of abnormal tracings and decreased UapH were not different, however, from that observed during nitrous oxide or EDA. Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minute indicated no neonatal depression.
35
Murison, Pamela Jane. "Non-traditional analgesics and the assessment of their efficacy in cats." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.573135.
Full textAbstract:
Pain assessment in cats is difficult and although nociceptive testing is useful to compare analgesic drugs in a research setting, results may not equate to clinical efficacy. In addition, some traditional analgesic drugs may not be suitable for all animals. A new hand-held thermal nociceptive testing device was developed, tested in the laboratory and on human volunteers before preliminary developmental testing in cats. The use of the device was compared to an existing commercially available thermal nociceptive testing device in cats. Both devices were able to detect analgesia produced by buprenorphine. Using the new device, two doses of tramadol were compared to buprenorphine (as a positive control) and saline (a negative control) in a crossover designed study. Both doses of tramadol and buprenorphine produced anti-nociception with significant differences to the saline group. The two doses of tramadol were then used in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy, where they were compared to pethidine. Assessments included thermal and mechanical nociceptive threshold testing at two sites as well as clinical assessments. Cats receiving tramadol 2 mg/kg were significantly less likely to require rescue analgesia than those in the pethidine group. Maropitant, an NK-l antagonist, was studied in healthy cats using mechanical and thermal nociceptive thresholds. Of the ten cats studied, five showed elevations of thermal threshold compared to baseline, indicative of an analgesic effect, although there was no statistical difference between groups in threshold values obtained. Maropitant, two doses of buprenorphine and a combination maropitantlbuprenorphine treatment were also studied in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Thermal nociceptive thresholds at the wound edge were significantly higher in the group receiving maropitant, indicating the drug partially obtunds the development of thermal hypersensitivity. In conclusion, the new device performed effectively and enabled detection of differences in thermal hyperalgesia after surgery. Tramadol and maropitant may have utility as analgesics in cats.
36
Craig, Jason A. "Delayed onset muscle soreness : management by electrotherapeutic modalities and oral analgesics." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339335.
Full text
37
Cittern, P. "On the synthesis and characterisation of some novel potential narcotic analgesics." Thesis, University of Bath, 1989. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329285.
Full text
38
Everett, Bronwyn L. "The impact of linguistic diversity on postoperative opioid consumption /." View thesis, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031118.123321/index.html.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc (Hons.)Health) -- University of Western Sydney, Macarthur, 2000."March 2000" "A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney Macarthur in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (Hons) Health" Bibliography: leaves 90-101.
39
Habib, Mohdhar Jeilan. "The analgesic efficacy and therapeutic onset of analgesia of intravenous and intramuscular ketorolac (15 mg and 30 mg), and oral ibuprofen 800 mg in the emergency room : a comparative study." Scholarly Commons, 1998. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2335.
Full textAbstract:
A randomized, prospective, parallel, double-blind, double-dummy clinical trial was conducted to determine the analgesic efficacy and time to onset of analgesia following intravenous and intramuscular administration of ketorolac (15 and 30 mg), and oral ibuprofen 800 mg. A random sample of 100 patients aged 18 to 65, with acute musculoskeletal pain, were enrolled from the University of California Davis Medical Center, Emergency Department.
Patients were categorized into five equal groups and received, either ketorolac 30 mg (IV or IM), ketorolac 15 mg (IV or IM) or ibuprofen 800 mg (PO) tablet as medication medication. Pain intensity was evaluated with a 100-mm visual analog scale at baseline and 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after dosing. A verbal rating scale, consisting of five rankings was also used to evaluate pain intensity and pain relief.
The time to onset of analgesia was defined as the time at which pain intensity score reached 25% and 50% of the baseline score in 25% and 50% of the patients. The prevalence of side effects was elicited in each patient.
Patients who received ketorolac (30 mg IV) showed a greater decrease in pain intensity compared with patients in all other groups (p < 0.005). Ketorolac (30 mg IV) provided greater pain relief compared with patients receiving ketorolac (15 mg IV), ketorolac (15 mg IM) or ibuprofen 800 mg (p < 0.011). Fifty percent pain relief before the end of the study was achieved by 50% of patients in one group only- ketorolac (30 rng IV). Ketorolac (30 mg IV) was found to have a quicker time to onset of action compared to ibuprofen 800 mg (p = 0.025) and ketorolac (15 mg IV) (p < 0.001). When the criterion of 25% pain relief for 25% of the patients was used, ketorolac (30 mg IV) was found to have a quicker time to onset of action compared with all other groups (p < 0.025).
Thus, ketorolac (30 mg IV) provided a greater degree of pain relief and a quicker time to onset of analgesia than all other groups, presenting with acute musculoskeletal pain. Ketorolac (30 mg IM), ketorolac (15 mg IM), ketorolac (15 mg IV) and ibuprofen 800 mg provided comparable analgesia.
40
Everett, Bronwyn L., University of Western Sydney, and of Nursing Family and Community Health School. "The impact of linguistic diversity on postoperative opioid consumption." THESIS_CSHS_NFC_Everett_B.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/465.
Full textAbstract:
Pain management is a critical part of the care of the surgical patient. This study sought to investigate the impact of cultural and linguistic diversity on analgesic administration practices and opioid consumption during postoperative period. A retrospective medical record audit of 278 English-speaking and non-English speaking surgical patients was carried out at four hospitals in Sydney's South West. No differences were found in the type of analgesia prescribed, the mode of analgesia, or the commencement of oral analgesia between the two groups. However, non-English speaking patients consumed less analgesia during the initial postoperative period than their English speaking counterparts. The importance of this difference was further examined within the context of a range of factors known to influence analgesia consumption. A model including sociodemographic and clinical factors - mode of administration of analgesia, gender, and language spoken -predicted 37% of total opioid consumption. Although mode of administration was the most important factor, being of non-English speaking background also contributed substantially. Pain assessment, inclusive of gender and cultural nuances is recommended. The need for further research into pain interpretation in specific linguistic and cultural groups is highlightedMaster of Science (Hons) (Health)
41
Persson, Jan. "Low dose ketamine : analgesia and side-effects in patients and volunteers /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3641-2/.
Full text
42
Mashimbye, Mahlori Jeffrey. "Isolation and identification of possible analgesics and antihypertensive agents from antidesma venosum." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001616.
Full textAbstract:
This investigation originated from a suggestion by Noristan Laboratories, Pretoria, that because Black people were using the roots of A. venosum E. MEY. ex. TUL for treating headache, the plant might contain analgesics. No previous chemical investigation has been carried out on this plant but from previous work done on other species antihypertensive agents were expected to be present
43
Almeida, Neto Abílio César de. "Training community pharmacists in cognitive-behavioural intervention strategies for optimising the monitoring of non-prescription combination analgesic products." Connect to full text, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/833.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2000.Includes tables. Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 23, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Psychology, Faculty of Science. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
44
Everett, Bronwyn L. "The impact of linguistic diversity on postoperative opioid consumption." Thesis, View thesis, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/465.
Full textAbstract:
Pain management is a critical part of the care of the surgical patient. This study sought to investigate the impact of cultural and linguistic diversity on analgesic administration practices and opioid consumption during postoperative period. A retrospective medical record audit of 278 English-speaking and non-English speaking surgical patients was carried out at four hospitals in Sydney's South West. No differences were found in the type of analgesia prescribed, the mode of analgesia, or the commencement of oral analgesia between the two groups. However, non-English speaking patients consumed less analgesia during the initial postoperative period than their English speaking counterparts. The importance of this difference was further examined within the context of a range of factors known to influence analgesia consumption. A model including sociodemographic and clinical factors - mode of administration of analgesia, gender, and language spoken -predicted 37% of total opioid consumption. Although mode of administration was the most important factor, being of non-English speaking background also contributed substantially. Pain assessment, inclusive of gender and cultural nuances is recommended. The need for further research into pain interpretation in specific linguistic and cultural groups is highlighted
45
Brady, Shamus M. "The effect of post-operative analgesics on ovarian medullary angiogenesis and vasculogenesis." Thesis, San Jose State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1592870.
Full textAbstract:
A critical factor for successful ovarian transplantation is the expeditious establishment of sufficient blood supply. Recommendations intended to improve recovery, reduce the effects of stress, and decrease the amount of pain for laboratory animals undergoing surgical procedures include post-operative analgesia. The two main types of drugs that are recommended for pain management are opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Buprenorphine, an opioid, and meloxicam, an NSAID, are both widely used and have been shown to affect angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. This study was designed to examine the influence meloxicam and buprenorphine had on new blood vessel formation in the ovarian medullary region of aged female recipient CBA/J mice, transplanted with young ovaries from CBA/J donor females. Medullary vessel analysis was performed by viewing 40 µm thick sections fluorescently labelled with the cell marker CD31/PECAM-1 via confocal microscopy. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed between treatment groups to analyze how the independent variables of analgesic administration affected multiple dependent variables of deep microvessel quantities. Results demonstrated no significant endothelial microvessel growth or reduction among the meloxicam or buprenorphine-treated mice as compared to saline-treated mice. Results further suggested that neither type of analgesic drugs affected medullary ovarian angiogenesis and vasculogenesis after ovarian transplantation of young ovaries into aged females.
46
Ringman, Lina. "Effekten av sockerlösning i smärtlindrande syfte till nyfödda : En litteratudstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21151.
Full textAbstract:
Nyfödda barn som är kroniskt eller tillfälligt sjuka upplever multipla invasiva och vävnadsskadande procedurer på akutmottagningar och intensivvårdsavdelningar. Smärtsamma procedurer är en risk för hjärnskador hos den nyfödde. Den här litteraturstudien hade som syfte att beskriva den smärtlindrande effekten av sockerlösning i samband med smärtsamma procedurer hos nyfödda samt att beskriva möjliga komplement till administrering av sockerlösning. Vidare var syftet att beskriva de valda artiklarnas design. Artiklarna hämtades från databasen PubMed genom sökord i olika kombinationer. Undersökningsgruppen var tillfälligt sjuka samt friska nyfödda barn. Artiklarna bearbetades noggrant genom att läsas igenom med fokus på resultatdelen. Resultatet av de granskade artiklarna visar att sockerlösningen har en god effekt på smärta hos nyfödda när den jämförs med placebo eller sterilt vatten. I studier som jämfört sockerlösningen med metoder som att den nyfödda fick suga, fick värme eller hud mot hud så har sockerlösningen en sämre effekt på smärta hos nyfödda. Ett resultat talade helt emot att använda sig av sockerlösning till nyfödda i smärtlindrande syfte. Komplement till sockerlösning i smärtlindrande syfte, som t ex att den nyfödda fick värme, hud mot hud eller fick suga tillsammans med sockerlösning gav bättre effekter än att ge endast sockerlösning. Resultatet visade även att bröstmjölk (inte genom amning) har en sämre effekt jämfört med sockerlösning avseende smärta, men när den nyfödda fick amma visades det motsatta. Författarens tredje frågeställning beskriver ett resultat där de flesta studier har en liknande design, dock ser strukturen för hur man presenterat sin design olika ut mellan de olika studierna.Newborn babies who are chronically or temporarily ill are experiencing multiple invasive and noxious procedures in emergency rooms and intensive care units. Painful procedures are a risk of brain damage in newborn. This literature review aims to describe the analgesic effect of the sugar solution during painful procedures in neonates and to describe possible complement to the administration of sugar solution. A further aim was to describe the selected articles design. Studies retrieved from the database PubMed by keywords in various combinations. The study group was temporarily ill and healthy babies. Articles were processed carefully by being read with a focus on results section. The results of the reviewed articles show that the sugar solution has a good effect on pain in newborns when compared with placebo or sterile water. In studies that compared the sugar solution with methods that newborn babies were sucking, got heat or skin to skin so the sugar has a worse effect on pain in neonates. One result speaks totally against the use of sugar solution to newborn for pain-relieving. Complement to the sugar solution in purpose of pain relief, such as the newborn got warmth, skin to skin or got sucking in combination with sugar solution provides better effects than giving only the sugar solution. A result also show that breast milk (not through breastfeeding) has a worse effect than sugar solution in pain, but when the newborn babies were breast-feeds the opposite was shown. The author`s third question describes a performance were most studies has a similar design, but the structure of how it has been presented differs between the different studies.
47
Sing, Troy William. "The physiology of pain : analgesic mechanisms of acupuncture and laser treatment /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14039035.
Full text
48
Walker, Suellen Monica. "Inhibitory modulation of spinal pain pathways by alpha2-adrenergic agonists: effect of developmental age." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27911.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding developmental changes in nociceptive processing and
pharmacodynamic responses to analgesics is crucial for advances in paediatric pain
management. This thesis investigates primary and secondary hyperalgesia induced
by C-fibre stimuli and the analgesic efficacy of the alphaz-adrenergic agonist
dexmedetomidine, at different postnatal ages in the rat pup.
In anaesthetised rat pups, the effect of capsaicin or mustard oil on the
hindlimb withdrawal reflex was quantified by electromyography (EMG) responses to
hindpaw mechanical stimuli. In postnatal day (P) 10 and P21 pups, direct EMG
activity was evoked by capsaicin or mustard oil, but there was minimal response at
P3. Mustard oil increased the reflex response to mechanical stimuli in the area of
application (i.e. primary hyperalgesia) at all ages. Secondary mechanical
hyperalgesia (assessed following capsaicin injection in the medial hindpaw and
mustard oil application on the lateral hindlimb) was evident in P10 and P21 pups, but
not in P3 pups. This suggests that nociceptive pathways are capable of being
sensitised by an exogenous stimulus in early development, but the transmission of Cfibre
information to second order neurons is inadequate or the central mechanisms
required for the development of secondary hyperalgesia are immature in P3 pups.
The degree but not the time course of responses to capsaicin and mustard oil were
influenced by postnatal age.
Epidural dexmedetomidine produced dose-dependent effects on carrageenan—
induced inflammatory hyperalgesia and mustard oil-induced primary hyperalgesia at
all postnatal ages. Antihyperalgesic effects were achieved at lower doses than
antinociceptive effects. Dexmedetomidine doses that were effective following
epidural administration had no effect systemically. The response to epidural
dexmedetomidine is developmentally regulated, as reversal of hyperalgesia and side
effects occur at lower doses in the youngest pups. The spinal cord mechanisms for
alphaz-adrenergic analgesia are functional in early development, but dose
requirements are low and the therapeutic window is narrow.
49
Schulte, Helène. "Human experimental pain models : methodological & analgesic studies /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-336-1/.
Full text
50
Froelich, Michael Arnold. "The effects of propofol on pain intensity and unpleasantness." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004790.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2004.Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 43 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.