Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Anaerobiosis'
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Gajardo, Alarcón Ninoska Loreto. "Estudio de la producción de biogás en función de la temperatura en un biodigestor tipo chino." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/114944.
Full textLa temperatura es un parámetro importante para el desarrollo de la digestión anaeróbica, que es la base de la producción de biogás; puede limitar sectores para aplicar la tecnología, regular la eficiencia, ayudar en la eliminación de patógenos, afectar el tiempo de retención de la materia e incrementar la producción de biogás. Este trabajo se desarrolló para evaluar la dinámica de producción de biogás en función del régimen térmico, estableciendo la relación entre las temperaturas que afectan a un biodigestor tipo chino y proponer zonas en Chile que posean mayor aptitud para aplicar esta tecnología. El biodigestor utilizado con capacidad de 10 m3, se alimentó tres veces por semana con una mezcla de relación 3:1 agua/estiércol (v/v). Se realizaron monitoreos en dos periodos, febrero a julio (2011) y enero a agosto (2012); en este último se instalaron sensores de registro continuo (temperatura y humedad) y se realizaron análisis de la composición del biogás generado cada semana. En el primer periodo se aplicaron correlaciones lineales a las variables, obteniendo que la temperatura del aire afectó en mayor proporción a la temperatura de descarga, estanque y la del biodigestor. Para el segundo periodo se analizaron las tendencias de las variables, se aplicaron análisis de anomalías para series de tiempo, promedios móviles y ajustes funcionales de las variables más relevantes en el estudio. De los resultados se obtuvo, que la temperatura interna del biodigestor mantuvo una temperatura promedio de 22°C y la temperatura media del suelo se ajustó mejor a la temperatura media máxima del aire. Los análisis de composición fluctuaron de 55 a 85% de CH4 (metano) y de 16 a 35% de CO2 (dióxido de carbono). La zonificación se realizó aplicando el “índice térmico” propuesto en un estudio previo, pero esta vez con información térmica actualizada para todo el país; obteniendo que a partir de la región de Los Lagos y a lo largo de la cordillera de Los Andes, no es apta la aplicación de esta tecnología. Así es posible afirmar que estos biodigestores favorecen la estabilidad térmica interna y que Chile posee un importante potencial para su implementación.
Temperature is an important parameter for the development of anaerobic digestion, base of biogas production. Limit sectors to apply technology, regulate efficiency, assist in the elimination of pathogens, affect the retention time and increase the biogas production. This work was developed to assess, the dynamics of biogas production based on the thermal regime, linking between temperatures affecting a chinese digester and propose areas in Chile that have greater ability to apply this technology. A digester with 10 m3 of capacity was fed three times a week with a 3:1 mixture of water/manure. Monitorings were applied in two periods, february to july (2011) and january to august (2012); installing continuously recording sensors and analyzes compositional of biogas generated weekly. In the first period were applied linear correlations to the variables, it was found that the air temperature affects mainly the discharge, the pond and the digester temperature. In the second period was performed trend analysis, anomalies, moving averages and functional adjustements, it was found that temperature inside of digester was 22°C average and the soil average temperature is more similar with the air average temperature. In the analysis of composition, methane ranged from 55 to 85% and 16 to 35% of carbon dioxide. The zoning was performed by “thermal index”, it was found that since the region of Los Lagos and Andes mountain, range is not suitable the application of this technology. So it can be said that these digesters favor internal thermal stability and that Chile has significant potential for implementation.
Kelson, Noel. "The effect of dc cardioversion on anaerobic threshold." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2001. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/165020.
Full textBrandão, Andrea Dias. "Papel da redutase do nitrato em soja [Glycine max(L.) Merr. Cv IAC-17] sob condições de hipoxia do sistema radicular." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315242.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T22:11:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Brandao_AndreaDias_M.pdf: 910878 bytes, checksum: 3dfc539bfdad7f8ba8ddf4be823bb6b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: A soja [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.] tem sido um dos modelos mais usados entre as plantas cultivadas para estudar os efeitos de tolerância à hipóxia, já que é tida como uma planta com certo grau de tolerância ao estresse de oxigênio e sua importância também tem um caráter econômico bastante relevante. Condições de hipóxia são comuns na natureza, por exemplo em campos alagados onde a difusão de oxigênio para o sistema radicular fica bastante prejudicada. Quando o estresse ocorre em tempo prolongado as conseqüências se tornam irreversíveis, levando as plantas à morte, uma vez que são tantos os prejuízos em função da injúria por carência de O2 que acarretam mudanças estruturais em organelas, por exemplo. Nesses casos, mesmo que a disponibilidade de O2 seja restabelecida, a planta não consegue se recuperar. Sabe-se, no entanto, que a presença do nitrato no meio contribui de forma a diminuir e/ou retardar as conseqüências desse processo, aumentando assim a tolerância das plantas a esta condição. Não é conhecido, entretanto, como o nitrato exerce seu efeito benéfico na tolerância à hipóxia. Alguns trabalhos vêm mostrando a ativação da enzima RN (redutase do nitrato) sob este tipo de estresse, um fenômeno que torna interessante a sua participação na tolerância induzida pelo nitrato. Por essa razão esse estudo teve os objetivos de: 1) otimizar método para extração da enzima RN em plantas de soja; 2) avaliar o papel da enzima RN em condições de hipóxia do sistema radicular e 3) Avaliar a utilização e metabolismo do nitrato em condições de hipóxia do sistema radicular. As plantas [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv IAC-17] foram cultivadas em sistema hidropônico e após atingirem o estádio de desenvolvimento adequado (V4) foram submetidas à hipóxia (pela interrupção do fornecimento de ar comprimido e adição de uma camada de óleo mineral na solução nutritiva do vaso). O período de acompanhamento dos experimentos foi de 4 dias, tempo necessário para que o sistema radicular atingisse a hipóxia. Após esse período também foi estudada a recuperação das plantas do estresse, após a remoção da camada de óleo e restabelecimento da aeração. Foi observado que, independente do pH inicial, o pH da solução nutritiva das plantas em normóxia ficou estável em torno de 7,7 e o das plantas hipóxicas próximos a 6,6. O consumo de nitrato na solução nutritiva das plantas normóxicas e das hipóxicas foi praticamente o mesmo, também foi detectada a presença de nitrito na solução nutritiva dos tratamentos sob hipóxia. Durante o período de recuperação à normóxia, o nitrito acumulado na solução foi gradativamente utilizado. Quanto às raízes, observou-se que em normóxia ocorreu acúmulo de nitrato, enquanto que em hipóxia ocorreu a utilização do nitrato endógeno. Também foi observado nessas condições (hipóxia) o aumento na concentração de aminoácidos livres totais e proteínas em relação às plantas em normóxia. Na seiva do xilema de plantas sob hipóxia foi observada diminuição no teor de nitrato transportado, variação na composição dos aminoácidos livres presentes (aumentando significativamente a proporção de Ala e Gaba e diminuindo principalmente Asn) e aumento do teor de aminoácidos livres totais, em relação às plantas em normóxia. Nas plantas recuperadas, apenas o teor de proteínas da raiz e a composição de aminoácidos livres da seiva do xilema retornaram aos valores encontrados nas plantas normóxicas. Não foi detectada a presença de nitrito no sistema radicular e/ou seiva do xilema das plantas. A atividade da enzima RN foi bastante modificada durante o período de hipóxia diminuindo a valores bem baixos, assim como não houve sua ativação durante o estresse. Em apenas 1 dia de recuperação (retorno à normóxia), sua atividade atingiu os valores das plantas normóxicas. Chegou-se à conclusão de que embora o grau de utilização do nitrato pela planta seja semelhante em normóxia e hipóxia, o seu metabolismo é bastante alterado na hipóxia. Ao contrário do que foi relatado na literatura, a atividade da RN caiu bruscamente durante a hipóxia sem que houvesse evidência de ativação. No entanto, esta alteração na atividade da enzima pode explicar as diferenças no metabolismo do nitrato entre normóxia e hipóxia
Abstract: Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.] has been frequently used as a model system among cultivated plants in order to study the effects of tolerance to hypoxia, in view of its certain tolerance to oxygen deficiency and its relevant economic importance. Hypoxic conditions are common in nature, for example in flooded fields where the diffusion of oxygen to the root system suffers serious restrictions. When the stress occurs over a long period the consequences can become irreversible leading to the death of the plant in view of the many prejudicial factors arising from oxygen deficiency. These can result in structural changes in organelles, for example, from which the plant is unable to recover on return to normal oxygen availability. It is known, however, that the presence of nitrate in the surrounding medium can diminish or retard the consequences of oxygen deficiency, thereby increasing the tolerance of plants this stress. It is not known, however, what underlies the beneficial effect of nitrate in plant tolerance of hypoxia. Some investigations have shown that nitrate reductase is activated under oxygen stress, a phenomenon that might be related to the tolerance effect of nitrate. Therefore, this study had the objective of: 1) to optmize method for extraction of the RN enzyme in soybean plants; 2)evaluating the role of nitrate reductase during hypoxic stress of the root system and 3) evaluating the utilization and metabolism of nitrate under these stress conditions. Soybean plants [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv IAC-17] were cultivated in a hydroponic system and after reaching the V4 stage of development were subjected to hypoxia by suspending aeration and applying a layer of mineral oil to the surface of the nutrient solution. The treatment was carried out for 4 days, time enough for the system to undergo hypoxia. Recovery from stress was also studied following hypoxia where the layer of mineral oil was removed from the surface and aeration of the solution restarted. The results showed that independent of the initial pH, the pH of the nutrient solution of normoxic plants stabilized at around 7.7 while that of the plants under hypoxia stabilized at 6.6. The consumption of nitrate in the nutrient solution of the normoxic and hypoxic treatments was practically the same, and nitrite was also detected in the nutrient solution of the plants under hypoxia. During recovery to normoxia, the accumulated nitrite was gradually used. As for the roots, it was observed that under normoxia, nitrate accumulated, while under hypoxia endogenous nitrate was consumed. Besides, under hypoxia, there was an increase in total free amino acids and proteins compared to the controls. In the xylem sap a decline in nitrate was found under hypoxia together with changes in the amino acid composition (where alanine and Gaba increased markedly while Asn diminished) and increases in the total amino acid levels. On return to normóxia only the levels of protein in the root and amino acid composition of the xylem sap returned to values found in the normoxic plants. No nitrite could be detected in the root tissue or xylem sap. Large changes in nitrate reductase activity were found during hypoxia, being reduced to low values. Nor was there any evidence for the activation of the enzyme during the stress. In less than one day on returning to normoxia activity returned tonormoxic plants levels. It was concluded that despite the similarity in the amounts of nitrate utilized comparing plants under normoxia and hypoxia, it was evident that its metabolism was quite different under these two conditions. Contrary to that reported in the literature, nitrate reductase activity falls drastically during hypoxia without any evidence for activation of the enzyme. Nevertheless, the alteration in activity could explain the differences in nitrate metabolism observed between for normóxia and hypoxia
Mestrado
Mestre em Biologia Vegetal
Carystinos, George D. "Induction of vacuolar H+-translocating pyrophosphatase during anoxia." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55483.
Full textLawrence, Stephen James. "Brewing yeast cell wall gene expression and function during CO2 induced anaerobiosis." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444331.
Full textMcCracken, Andrew. "Metabolic Support of Anaerobiosis in Embryos of the Annual Killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/600.
Full textLoat, Christopher Eino Russell. "Comparison of the lactate and ventilatory thresholds during prolonged work." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30153.
Full textEducation, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
Bulow, Joseph A. "Reliability of ventilatory threshold using the computerized V- slope method." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/902486.
Full textSchool of Physical Education
Robertson, Colin Daniel. "Anerobic catabolism of glycerol by Klebsiellae." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330032.
Full textWang, Chao. "Gene regulation and metabolic flux reorganization in aerobic/Anaerobic switch of E. coli." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2007. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/783.
Full textDehart, Mehgan. "Relationship between the talk test and ventilatory threshold." Connect to Internet resource, 1999. http://murphylibrary.uwlax.edu/digital/thesis/1999/dehart.pdf.
Full textDigitized and made available by the University of Wisconsin--La Crosse, Murphy Library. Includes bibliographical references. Online version of print edition.
Velásquez, Salinas Felipe Ignacio. "Efecto de la disponibilidad de oxígeno sobre las modificaciones covalentes del lipopolisacárido de Salmonella enteritidis : participación de los reguladores globales ArcA y Fnr." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/142664.
Full textThe genus Salmonella belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family and comprises two species: S. bongori and S. enterica. Both species include more than 2500 serovars. Within S. enterica serovars, the most studied are S. Typhi, S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, the latter being the main causative agent of salmonellosis worldwide. During its infective cycle, Salmonella needs to adapt to variations in different environmental conditions, such as changes in pH, osmolarity and oxygen availability. In addition, these conditions serve as environmental signals that modulate the expression of virulence factors. One of these factors is the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the main component of the envelope of Gram negative bacteria. The LPS presents three structural domains: the O antigen (AgO), the core region and lipid A, also called endotoxin. The latter anchors the LPS to the outer membrane, and is a known virulence factor responsible for the induction of the immune response. The lipid A domain is capable of undergoing covalent modifications, which modulate its toxicity and helps bacteria to evade antimicrobial agents and the immune system of the host. One of the main environmental cues faced by Salmonella during its infectious cycle is the oxygen availability. During the aerobic-anaerobic transition participates the global regulators ArcA and Fnr. Results from our laboratory show that changes in the polymerization degree of the AgO in response to oxygen availability is modulated by these regulators. This observation led us to examine whether global regulators Fnr and ArcA are involved in the control of probable oxygen-dependent modifications of lipid A in response to oxygen availability. The main goal of this study was to determine the effect of oxygen availability on covalent modifications of lipid A in S. Enteritidis and the participation of transcriptional factors ArcA and Fnr in this process. First, we mounted a method for LPS extraction followed by a hydrolysis step to obtain a highly-purified lipid A that can be used to study the composition of this molecule by MALDI-TOF. Thus, in aerobiosis we observed four major signals corresponding to hexa-acylated and hepta-acylated lipid A molecules and their corresponding hydroxylated species. Under this environmental condition, hydroxylated species were more abundant than non-hydroxylated species. In the case of anaerobic cultures we detected the same four signal, but this relationship is reversed, being more abundant the nonhydroxylated species. To determine the participation of ArcA and Fnr in the modulation of covalent modifications of lipid A, we generated ΔarcA and Δfnr mutant strains and a strain overproducing ArcA (parcA). Our results indicate that both regulators are involved in controlling structural changes of lipid A in response to oxygen availability. Additionally, we observed that these regulators control the incorporation of other covalent modifications into lipid A. LpxO enzyme (encoded by lpxO gene) is responsible of the hydroxylation of lipid A in Salmonella. Therefore, we studied the relative expression (anaerobic/aerobic) of this gene in wild-type S. Enteritidis and their Δfnr and parcA derivatives via qRT-PCR. Our results indicate that the expression of lpxO depends on oxygen availability, an observation that is consistent with changes in the levels of lipid A hydroxylation described herein. Furthermore, ArcA and Fnr participate in the modulation of the expression of this gene. The results of this study reveal a change in the hydroxylation degree of S. Enteritidis lipid A in response to oxygen availability, in which global regulators ArcA and Fnr are involved. These findings contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms of adaptation to the environment used by Salmonella during infection
Fondecyt
Chong, Yin-kei Doris. "Anaerobic recovery and physical activity in normal and obese children /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23435872.
Full textSilva, Alessandra Aparecida. "Efeito da condição sexual, tempo de confinamento, atmosfera modificada, metabolismo celular e regiões anatômicas do músculo sobre a oxidação e outras características de qualidade da carne bovina maturada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74132/tde-01042015-105020/.
Full textThe objective of this work was to investigate the effect of the castration, time on confinement, cellular metabolism and muscle region on the protein and lipid oxidation, and other traits of beef quality. Eight-four Nellore cattle (steers and bulls), confined for different periods, were used to conduct studies in Longissimus dorsi and Biceps femoris muscles. The latter muscle was divided in two portions: origin (OP) and insertion (IP). In the study of L. dorsi muscle, steaks were packaged under aerobiosis (PVC) and anaerobiosis (vacuum) conditions and aged for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9, and 1, 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively. For this muscle, no differences in oxidative stability [thiols, carbonyls and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS)] and color between the meat from bulls and steers were found. This could be explained by the lack of differences in initial oxidative status, measured through the activity of the antioxidants enzymes, content of total glutathione and composition of fatty acids, between the sexual conditions. The results also indicated that the oxidation of the steaks vacuum-packaged took about twice more days to start than the steaks under aerobiosis. In the study of Biceps femoris muscle, the animals were slaughtered after 59 and 129 days on confinement and the steaks from OP and IP were aged for 1, 30, 60 and 100 days. The results of the lactate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase enzymes activity showed that the OP has a more oxidative metabolism and the IP has a more glycolytic metabolism. The meat from bulls had lower TBARS and higher lightness (L*), cooking loss (CL) and shear force (SF) in comparison with steers. The OP was more susceptible to protein oxidation (lower thiols) than the IP. Animals confined for 129 days had meat with higher CL when compared to those ones confined for 59 days. The meat from animals confined for 129 days had higher CL and protein oxidation (lower thiols) in regard to the meat from animals confined for 59 days. Differences in oxidative stability between the meat from steers and bulls confined for shorter period disappeared when the animals were confined for larger period. Values of pH and thiols in meat from steers and bulls were affected by the time of aging. Both the sexual conditions had meat with higher pH values at the day 30 of aging and this was kept across the time. The OP had higher values of TBARS at the day 60, CL at the day 100 and SF at the days 30 and 60 of aging when compared to the IP. It was observed an interaction between confinement time and aging time for thiols, TBARS, metmyoglobin, pH, L* and SF. When compared to the animals confined for 59 days, the animals confined for 129 days had: higher oxidation (higher TBARS and lower thiols) at the days 60 and 100 of aging; oxidation of myoglobin (metmyoglobin) slower, since the higher value was obtained at the day 100; lower lightness (L*) in all the times of aging; tender meat (lower SF) at 100 days of aging. The animals confined for 59 days had: higher protein oxidation (lower thiols) and tender meat (lower SF) at 30 days of aging. Overall, all the effects tested such as castration, time on confinement, cellular metabolism and muscle region seemed to influence on the protein and lipid oxidation and other traits of beef quality.
Johnson, Peter Christian. "Comparison of a four 40-yard sprint test for anaerobic capacity in males vs. the Wingate Anaerobic Test." Click here to access thesis, 2007. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/spring2006/peter_c_johnson/johnson_peter_c_200701_ms.pdf.
Full text"A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science." Under the direction of Jim McMillan. ETD. Electronic version approved: May 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 32-33) and appendices.
Ferrari, Elena [Verfasser], Siegfried [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Scherer, and Dirk [Gutachter] Haller. "Adaptation of Listeria weihenstephanensis and Listeria monocytogenes to anaerobiosis / Elena Ferrari ; Gutachter: Dirk Haller, Siegfried Scherer ; Betreuer: Siegfried Scherer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1141904586/34.
Full textThaipisuttikul, Lyarit. "Identification of genes required for anaerobic growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using a comprehensive transposon mutant library /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10281.
Full text莊硯琦 and Yin-kei Doris Chong. "Anaerobic recovery and physical activity in normal and obese children." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257173.
Full textAunola, Sirkka. "Aerobic and anaerobic thresholds as tools for estimating submaximal endurance capacity." Turku : Rehabilitation Research Centre, Social Insurance Institution, 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/27816770.html.
Full textLange, Julian [Verfasser], and Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Takors. "Valorization of biorefinery side streams and systemic analysis of the adaptation towards anaerobiosis - studies with Corynebacterium glutamicum / Julian Lange ; Betreuer: Ralf Takors." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1172315558/34.
Full textAbbas, Amina Aicha. "Effet de l’absence d’oxygène sur la capacité de sporulation et les propriétés des spores de Bacillus cereus." Thesis, Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG0330/document.
Full textThe effect of temperature and nutrient composition of the medium on B. cereus spore properties (resistance and germination) has been extensively studied unlike to the effect of anaerobiosis. Nevertheless, B. cereus vegetative cells can be found in a large variety of natural environments with low oxygen level (intestine, soil, food processing line) where sporulation take place. Spores produced in these anaerobic environments could have particular properties. In this work, a panel of B. cereus strains belonging to phylogenetic groups II to VII was studied for their capacity to sporulate in anaerobiosis in an appropriate sporulation medium we developed (MODS). In anaerobiosis, sporulation ability was lower and more heterogeneous than in aerobiosis. The B. cereus AH187 strain produced the highest level of spores in anaerobiosis, it was therefore chosen to study spore properties. Spores produced in anaerobiosis were more resistant to wet heat from 90°C to 100 °C, 1M NaOH, 1M nitrous acid and pulsed light. No difference in resistance to 5 % hydrogen peroxide or 0.25 mM formaldehyde or UV-C was observed between these two conditions. In the presence of L-alanine, spores produced in anaerobiosis germinated more efficiently than spore produced in aerobiosis. No difference in germination was observed with inosine. No difference in the spores size produced in the two conditions was observed by transmission electron microscopy. However, spores obtained under anaerobic conditions had a damaged exosporium, or in some cases a completely detached exosporium, unlike spores produced under aerobic conditions. To understand differences in sporulation ability between both conditions, Real-time reverse transcription-PCR was used to study the expression the expression of sporulation initiation genes spo0A, spo0B, spo0F, kinA and kinB. The kinetics of gene expression spo0A, spo0B, spo0F and kinA had the same trend. They were characterized by a higher expression in anaerobiosis compared to aerobiosis at the beginning and the end of exponential growth phase. Furthermore, kinB gene expression was characterized by an increase in anaerobiosis compared to aerobiosis to achieve a peak between 4 (middle exponential phase) and 6 (early stationary phase) hours of growth. The spo0A, spo0B, spo0F, kinA and kinB genes are differentially expressed between aerobiosis and anaerobiosis. These data may help to understand the difference in B. cereus sporulation capacity between aerobic and anaerobic condition
Tucker, Kenneth D. "Use of nitrous oxide as the terminal electron acceptor during growth and respiration of Bradyrhizobium Japonicum USDA 143." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80111.
Full textMaster of Science
Walsh, Denis. "Gauchissement de la tige et croissance de semis de conifère traités à l'éthylène et soumis à l'anaérobiose racinaire /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1993. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textLamontagne, Manuel. "Influence du gauchissement de la tige de l'épinette noire (Picea mariana (mill.) BSP) sur le redressement de la tige et la croissance des plants de plus d'un an /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1993. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textDéchariaux, Huguette. "Biodegradation anaerobie des xenobiotiques dans les sediments." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077047.
Full textBatista, Fabiane de Mesquita. "Produção de biossurfactante por Bacillus subtilis com elevada eficiência na mobilização de óleo pesado." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2008. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5309.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The heavy oil (10 20ºAPI) is more than half of world oil reserves, there are predictions that in 2025 are the main source of oil in the world. The difficulties in exploration this kind of oil are associated with unfavorable characteristics such as density and viscosity (100 to 10.000 cP). With the need to improve the utilization of reservoir - in view of the relatively low levels of efficiency of traditional techniques - it has expanded the research to develop new techniques for recovery, especially Microbialy Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR). In the recovery of oil contained in sand-pack columns, two dimensionless variables are reported as important: the capillary number and ratio of viscosity. As the increases capillary number, the residual oil decreases. This can be achieved by reducing the interfacial tension between the fluid of residual oil. Several authors have reported the tensions interfaciais ultra between biosurfactant and hydrocarbons, including heavy oil. In the present work, tested the hypothesis that the biosurfactant produced on condition of reservoir, by two isolates of Bacillus subtilis from the collection of culture of the Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade para o Meio Ambiente (LBBMA / DMB / UFV), are capable to remove heavy oil in sand-pack columns. Initially, the isolates of Bacillus subtilis LBBMA 155 and Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii LBBMA 258 were evaluated as to the growth and biosurfactant production in response to temperature and salinity. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used, with temperature and salinity being independent variable. The results were analyzed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and showed that the those isolates were able of growth and biosurfactant production of under anaerobic conditions. The growth was influenced by temperature and biosurfactant production was influenced by temperature and salinity. After that, the biosurfactant produced by those isolates, alone or mixed, were analyzed as the ability to remove heavy oil trapped in sand-pack columms. The injection of three volumes of porous extract biossurfactante (EB) produced by Bacillus subtilis LBBMA 155 and Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii LBBMA 258 removed 13.55% and 17.42%, respectively, from residual oil (14 ºAPI). The mixed of extracts from biosurfactant produced by those two isolates showed intermediate values of DMC and recovery of residual oil reported for each. Summarize, the extracts from biosurfactant (EB) produced under anaerobic conditions by Bacillus subtilis LBBMA 155 e Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii LBBM 258 are effective in recovery heavy oil nuclei of the sand-pack columms and have potencial for use Microbialy Enhanced Oil Recovery.
Os óleos pesados (10-20 ºAPI) constituem mais da metade das reservas mundiais de petróleo, havendo previsões de que em 2025 sejam a principal fonte de petróleo no mundo. As dificuldades na exploração desse tipo de óleo estão associadas a características desfavoráveis, como densidade e viscosidade (100 a 10000 cP). Com a necessidade de melhorar o aproveitamento dos reservatórios tendo em vista os níveis relativamente baixos de eficiência das técnicas tradicionais tem-se ampliado as pesquisas para o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas de recuperação, destacando-se a recuperação avançada de petróleo melhorada por microrganismos (Microbially enhanced oil recovery MEOR). Na recuperação de óleos contidos em meios porosos, duas variáveis adimensionais são relatadas como importantes: o número capilar e a razão de viscosidade. À medida que o número capilar aumenta, o óleo residual decresce. Isso pode ser obtido por meio da redução da tensão interfacial entre o fluido de arraste e o óleo residual. Diversos autores têm reportado a obtenção de tensões interfaciais ultrabaixas entre biossurfactantes e hidrocarbonetos, incluindo o óleo pesado. Neste trabalho, testou-se a hipótese de que os biossurfactantes produzidos, em condição de reservatório, por dois isolados de Bacillus subtilis pertencentes à Coleção de Culturas do Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade para o Meio Ambiente (LBBMA/DMB/UFV), são capazes de mobilizar óleo pesado em sistemas porosos de areia. Inicialmente, os isolados de Bacillus subtilis LBBMA 155 e BacilIus subtilis spizizenii LBBMA 258 foram avaliados quanto ao crescimento e produção de biossurfactante em resposta a variações de temperatura e salinidade. Para tanto, foi empregada a Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta (MSR) através do delineamento experimental Composto Central Rotacional (DCCR), e observou-se que esses isolados foram capazes de produzir biossurfactantes em anaerobiose, sendo o crescimento influenciado pela temperatura e a produção de biossurfactante influenciada pela temperatura e pela salinidade. Posteriormente, os biossurfactantes produzidos por esses isolados, sozinhos ou em misturas, foram avaliados quanto à capacidade de mobilização de óleo pesado retido em núcleos porosos de areia. A injeção de três volumes porosos do extrato de biossurfactante (EB) produzidos por Bacillus subtilis LBBMA 155 e Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii LBBMA 258 removeram 13,55% e 17,42%, respectivamente, de petróleo residual (14 ºAPI). A mistura dos extratos de biossurfactantes produzidos por esses dois isolados mostrou valores intermediários de DMC e recuperação de petróleo residual reportados para cada um. Sinteticamente, os extratos de biossurfactantes (EB) produzidos em anaerobiose por B. subtilis LBBMA 155 e B. subtilis subsp. spizizenii LBBMA 258 são efetivos na mobilização de óleo pesado em núcleos porosos de areia e possuem potencial de utilização na recuperação avançada de petróleo melhorada por microrganismos.
Carrasco, Emmanuel. "Codigestión anaerobia de guano de gallina con residuos orgánicos generados por la fábrica de aceite de oliva de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, 2019. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/11576.
Full textFil: Carrasco, Emmanuel. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias.
Diawara, Bréhima. "Conservation de riz-paddy sous atmospheres controlees : aspects microbiologiques et consequences technologiques." Nantes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NANT2016.
Full textConchou, Odile. "Dynamique et fonctionnement d'une population pionniere de phalaris arundinacea l. , a l'interface terre-eau dans la moyenne vallee de la garonne." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30057.
Full textKaboré, Abdoul Karim. "Étude de l’influence de l’aération sur la mise en œuvre d’un procédé de production d’acide succinique par Corynebacterium glutamicum 2262." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0026/document.
Full textSuccinic acid is a linear and bi-functional molecule that has several practical applications including food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Thanks to increased knowledge on metabolism and pathway regulation of industrially relevant organisms, to the development of performant genetic tools and process engineering, recombinants strains (Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium glutamicum etc.) have been reported to be able to produce up to 100 g.L-1 with interesting yields (> 1.5 mole per mole glucose). C. glutamicum is well known as one of the best industrial producers of numerous amino acids (glutamate, lysine etc.). However, recent studies of C. glutamicum revealed its capability to produce several organic acids (succinate, lactate, acetate, etc.). In this work, we have deleted the ldhA gene of C. glutamicum by using a plasmid vector pk19mobsacBΔldhA. We demonstrated that the mutant and the wild type presented similar growth kinetics with maximal growth rate of about 0.7 h-1. We studied also the effects of oxygenation on C. glutamicum 2262 ΔldhA through cultures at different kLa and it appeared that lower kLa (<33 h-1) favored organic acids production wile higher favored bacterial growth. Furthermore, we designed a tri-phasic process with transition phase by regulation of dissolved oxygen concentration which resulted in the production of 327 mM of succinic acid with a yield of 0.94 mole per mole glucose. The application of the designed process to C. glutamicum 2262 wild type that normally produces lactate with a lactate to succinate production ratio up to 13.3 mol.mol-1, resulted in succinate concentration up to 793 mM (94 g.L-1) and 785 mM (71 g.L-1) of lactate. The succinate production yield was 1.1 mole per mole glucose and acetate production was negligible. These results underlined the importance of aerobic to anaerobic transition in succinate production processes of facultative aerobes and the necessity to engineer not only the microorganism but also the process. Finally, scale-down study have demonstrated the robustness of C. glutamicum against the oxygen gradients in bioreactor
Pigneret, Mathilde. "Réponses écophysiologiques à une pollution d’origine anthropique chez un organisme sentinelle et conséquences sur le fonctionnement des bassins d’infiltration." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1031/document.
Full textHuman populations are exposed to numerous pollutants. It is now necessary to evaluate the toxicity of urban contaminants in receptor ecosystems. In anthropized areas, many pollutants (mainly hydrocarbons and heavy metals) accumulate on the impervious surfaces (roads, parks, buildings, rooftops…). During a rainfall event, these compounds are re-suspended and drained up to stormwater infiltration basins. These structures were built to detoxify and to infiltrate runoff water to underlying groundwater. Toxic compounds are captured and accumulated in the fine sediment layer of the infiltration basins, where their concentrations may achieve important concentrations. Despite this harsh constraint, a few invertebrates inhabit stormwater basin sediments and have developed specific metabolic, physiological and/or behavioural adaptations. One of the most spread is the oligochaeta Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri. This tubificid worm burrows galleries (bioturbation activity) in sediments where it enhances the organic matter mineralization and the nutrients recycling. This species has an essential role in the infiltration basin functioning and on groundwater quality. L. hoffmeisteri is considered both as a sentinel species of ecosystem health and an engineer species. The first aim of this work was to highlight the ecophysiological responses that allow L. hoffmeisteri to survive in these harsh conditions. We exposed this organism during 1, 3 or 6 months to polluted sediments (from 3 infiltration basins), under laboratory conditions. Then, we measured the survival, the oxygen consumption, the energy body stores, the oxidative stress induced by urban pollutants (through the lipid peroxidation level), and the antioxidant defence mechanisms (the activity of the antioxidant enzymes) in L. hoffmeisteri. The same analyses were realized on worms incubated 1 to 6 months in a sediment from a non-urbanized environment (considered as a low-polluted/control sediment). The second objective of the present work was to determine the impact of urban pollutants on aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms in L. hoffmeisteri. We measured several mitochondrial parameters (the mitochondrial respiratory chain activity and the ATP production rate) and anaerobic end product concentrations in worms exposed to the 4 same sediments (polluted or not). This study demonstrated that urban pollutants induced a shift from aerobic to the anaerobic metabolism, linked to a mitochondrial dysfunctioning. Moreover, this study also showed that two anaerobic end products (succinate and propionate) constitute relevant biomarkers of urban pollution. Lastly, the third goal of this thesis was to evaluate the impact of an anthropic pollution on the engineering activity of L. hoffmeisteri (i.e. its role in the infiltration basin functioning). To this end, we measured during 1 month the burrowing activity of this tubificid worm using X-ray tomography, in microcosms containing slightly or highly polluted sediments. We measured nutrients fluxes, dissolved oxygen, CO2 and CH4 concentrations during the experiment to determine the influence of the pollution rate on nutrients recycling. These measurements were also realized in microcosms with or without worms, to quantify the functional role of engineer organisms
Rios, Nadhine de Assis. "Regulação pós-traducional da nitrogenase por anaerobiose em Azospirillum brasilense." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/48896.
Full textCoorientador : Prof. Dr. Vivian Rotuno Moure
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências : Bioquímica. Defesa: Curitiba, 25/05/2017
Inclui referências : f. 86-97
Resumo: A fixação biológica de nitrogênio é catalisada pelo complexo enzimático nitrogenase. Este complexo contém duas metaloproteínas: as proteínas Fe e MoFe. Em Azospirillum brasilense, objeto deste estudo, a regulação pós-traducional envolve a modificação covalente de uma das subunidades da proteína Fe por ADP-ribosilação. Esta ADPribosilação inativa reversivelmente a proteína Fe e é catalisada pela dinitrogenase redutase ADP-ribosiltransferase (DraT) em resposta ao aumento de íons amônio ou depleção da energia celular. O grupo ADP-ribosil é removido pela dinitrogenase redutase glicohidrolase (DraG), promovendo reativação da proteína Fe e consequentemente, da nitrogenase. Em resposta ao aumento de íons amônio, as proteínas PII, assim como a proteína de membrana AmtB, estão envolvidas no sistema de regulação atuando principalmente por interação direta com proteínas alvo. No caso de A. brasilense, as proteínas PII são denominadas de GlnB e GlnZ e interagem com DraT e DraG, respectivamente, regulando suas atividades. Porém o mecanismo pelo qual estas enzimas são reguladas pelos níveis energéticos celulares não é totalmente conhecido. O objetivo deste trabalho foi contribuir para elucidação do mecanismo da regulação póstraducional da nitrogenase em condições de anaerobiose. Vários aspectos da regulação do metabolismo energético nesta bactéria foram estudados. Para avaliar o envolvimento de AmtB e GlnZ de A. brasilense na regulação da nitrogenase, foi realizado um ensaio de desligamento / religamento da nitrogenase por anaerobiose em mutantes nos respectivos genes. Os resultados mostraram que as proteínas GlnZ e AmtB não participam diretamente da regulação por ADP-ribosilação da nitrogenase. Análises de LC-MS dos níveis de ATP e ADP indicaram redução substancial quando a cultura foi exposta à anaerobiose. Além disso, a adição do desacoplador CCCP, que diminui o ATP intracelular, causou desligamento e ADP-ribosilação da nitrogenase. Portanto, razão ATP/ADP pode estar relacionada ao mecanismo de regulação da atividade da nitrogenase nessas condições. Análise das frações celulares mostrou que, diferentemente da regulação por íons amônio, as proteínas PII não vão para a membrana durante a ADP-ribosilação da nitrogenase. O mesmo ocorre com DraG que permanece no citoplasma. Os resultados sugerem a existência de diferentes vias para o controle da atividade da nitrogenase, que depende do estímulo ao qual as células são submetidas. Palavras-chave: Azospirillum brasilense, regulação pós-traducional, ADP-ribosilação da proteína Fe, sistema DraT/DraG, anaerobiose.
Abstract: The biological nitrogen fixation is catalyzed by a nitrogenase enzymatic complex. This complex contains two metalloproteins: the Fe and MoFe proteins and undergoes to post-translational modification. In Azospirillum brasilense, object of this study, this posttranslational regulation involves the covalent modification in one of the subunits of Fe protein by ADP-ribosylation. This ADP-ribosylation reversibly inactivates the Fe protein and is catalyzed by dinitrogenase reductase ADP-ribosyltransferase (DraT) in response to an increase of ammonium concentration or decrease of cellular energy. The ADP-ribosyl group is removed by dinitrogenase reductase glycohydrolase (DraG), promoting Fe protein and, consequently, nitrogenase re-activation. In response to increased ammonium ions, the PII proteins, as well as the NH3 - channel AmtB, are involved in the regulatory system acting primarily by direct interaction with the target proteins. In A. brasilense, the PII proteins are denominated GlnB and GlnZ and interact with DraT and DraG, respectively, regulating DraT and DraG activities. However, the mechanism by which these enzymes are regulated by cellular energy levels is not fully known. The goal of this study was to contribute to the elucidation of the mechanism of post-translational nitrogenase regulation under anaerobic conditions. Several aspects of energy metabolism regulation in this bacterium were studied. To evaluate the involvement of A. brasilense AmtB and GlnZ in the regulation system, switch-off / on assays of nitrogenase by anaerobiosis were performed. The results confirmed that GlnZ and AmtB proteins do not directly participate in ADP- ribosylation of nitrogenase. LC-MS analysis of ATP and ADP levels showed a marked reduction when the culture was exposed to anaerobic conditions. Furthermore, addition of CCCP, which decreases intracellular ATP, caused switch-off and ADP-ribosylation of nitrogenase. Therefore, the ATP / ADP ratio, lead nitrogenase switch-off. Analysis of the cellular fractions, showed that, unlike the regulation by ammonium ions, the PII proteins did not migrate to the membrane during nitrogenase switch-off, and DraG also remained in the cytoplasm. The results suggest distinct pathway for the control of nitrogenase activity depending on which stimulus the cells are submitted to. Key words: Azospirillum brasilense, post-translational regulation, ADP-ribosylation, DraT / DraG system, anaerobiosis.
Barascud, Marie-Claude. "Intégration d'un réacteur anaérobie dans les circuits d'eaux d'une machine à papier." Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0074.
Full textBarakat, Rana. "Etude des propriétés biologiques et antimicrobiennes de la pyocyanine, pigment redox-actif produit par Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825873.
Full textThomas, Andre Luis. "Modificações morfologicas e assimilação de nitrogenio em plantas de soja (Glycine max) com sistemas radiculares sob deficiencia de O2." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315245.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Doutorado
Muñante, Cárdenas José Luis. "Identificación de microorganismos anaerobios estrictos y facultativos frecuentes en necrosis pulpares." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2005. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1732.
Full textIn this study, we identified strict and facultative anaerobic bacteria in asyntomatic patients with septic necrosis dental pulp. Bacterial samples were taked from 18 root canals of asintomatic patientes with clinical and radiographic diagnosis of septic necrosis dental pulp with ages between 18 to 60 years which have initiated their treatment in the Division of Stomatology of the Central Military Hospital - Endodontic Department. The samples were transported and cultivated under anaerobiosis and then were subcultivated for obtaining pure cultures that were appropriate for the bacterial identification. We used the anaerobe system API 20A for identification of bacteria. The results showed that frequently isolated bacterial were: Actinomyces Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, Veillonella and Lactobacillus, and the more frequent bacterial species were: Fusobacterium nucleatum, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Veillonella parvula. We concluded that the predominant infections in the root canals are mixed type, existing an high percentage of strict anaerobic microorganisms involved in the pulpar and periapical pathology.
Tesis
Pozzi, Luis Gustavo. "Comparação de diferentes métodos para determinação do limiar de anaerobiose de idosos saudáveis." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5195.
Full textSome studies have been conducted with the objective of applying mathematical models to the data of HR, CO2 and RMS of myoelectric signal to determine a shift point on their behaviors during exercise and characterize metabolic changes which occur at the anaerobic threshold level (AT), saving time and optimizing the conventional analysis process which, by financial reasons, has become restricted to few research centers. The objective of the present study was to determine the anaerobic threshold applying two mathematical models, Heteroscedastic and Hinkley, to a set of HR, RMS and CO2 data. Methods: 9 active elderly subjects were studied (61,4 ±1,8years) during continuous physical ramp load test on cycle ergometer, with power ranging from 10 to 15 Watts/min. FC data was collected beat to beat and ventilatory variables breath to breath. After the application of mathematical models to these variables and the identification of the behavior shift points, the power levels, HR and O2 were registered, compared and co-related to those obtained by the graphic visual model. Statistic methodology: The Friedman test was used to make multiple comparisons and the Spearman co-relation test (5%) to verify the adjustment of the models to the variables. Results: no significant differences were found (p>0,05) in relation to the gold standard, between the power levels, O2 and HR during the LA shift identified by the different models. Significant correlated data were found between the HR values identified by the mathematical models applied to the HR and O2 data, between the values of O2 when identified by the HR, and between power rates only when identified by the Hinkley model applied to data of RMS of the myoeletric signal. Conclusion: in the sample study, the mathematical models appeared adequate in determining noninvasive AT. Both models adjusted better to the HR data, followed by CO2 and RMS.
Alguns estudos têm sido conduzidos com o objetivo de aplicar modelos matemáticos aos dados de FC, CO2 e RMS do sinal mioelétrico para determinar um ponto de mudança nos seus comportamentos frente ao exercício e caracterizar alterações metabólicas que ocorrem no nível do limiar de anaerobiose (LA), poupando tempo e otimizando todo o processo de análise convencional, que por motivos financeiros, torna-se restrita a poucos centros de pesquisa. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar o limiar de anaerobiose aplicando dois modelos matemáticos, Heteroscedático e Hinkley, ao conjunto de dados de FC, RMS e CO2. Metodologia: foram estudados 9 idosos ativos (61,4±1,8 anos) durante teste de exercício físico dinâmico contínuo do tipo rampa, em cicloergômetro, com incrementos de potência variando de 10 a 15 Watts/min. Foram coletados os dados de FC batimento a batimento, eletromiografia de superfície do músculo vasto lateral e variáveis ventilatórias respiração a respiração. Após a aplicação dos modelos matemáticos e identificados os pontos de quebra de comportamento, foram registrados neste momento os valores de potência, O2 e FC, comparados e correlacionados aos obtidos pelo modelo visual gráfico. Metodologia estatística: foi utilizado o teste de Friedman para comparações múltiplas e o teste de correlação de Spearman (nível de significância de 5%). Resultados: não foram encontradas diferenças significantes, em relação ao padrão ouro, entre os valores de potência, O2 e FC no momento do LA identificado pelos diferentes modelos. Foram encontradas correlações significantes entre os valores de FC identificados pelos modelos matemáticos aplicados aos dados de FC e CO2, entre os valores de O2 quando identificados pela freqüência cardíaca e de potência somente quando identificada pelo modelo de Hinkley aplicado aos dados de RMS do sinal mioelétrico. Conclusões: no grupo estudado, os modelos matemáticos mostraramse eficientes na determinação não-invasiva do LA. Ambos os modelos ajustaramse melhor aos dados de FC, seguido pela CO2 e RMS.
Soler, Alonso Mazini. "O modelo de regressão linear bi-segmentado na estimação do limiar de anaerobiose." [s.n.], 1988. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/305880.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Ciencia da Computação
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Resumo: Não informado.
Abastract: Not informed.
Mestrado
Mestre em Estatística
Fievet, Anouchka. "Le système multiprotéique ORP spécifique de l'anaérobiose : mécanisme de régulation et fonction chez Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4759.
Full textUp to now, approximately 30% of the predicted CDS in genomes encode for hypothetical or unknown function proteins. Understanding the role and the function of these proteins is now a major challenge for the scientific community.The main objective of this thesis is to determine the function of six proteins of unknown function specific of anaerobiosis and able to forming a multiprotein complex in Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough (DvH), named the ORP complex. This system is widely found in many anaerobic microorganisms, and some proteins of this system have significant homologies with proteins involved in cell division.Tools for microscopy in anaerobiosis have been developed during this thesis and have allowed observation, for the first time, of a complete DvH cell cycle. The study of oxygen effect on DvH at a single cell level has showed a reversible inhibition of cell division during oxygen exposure revealing a new strategy involved in DvH aerotolerance.In DvH, the ORP complex is encoding by genes organized in two divergent operons, orp1 and orp2, whose transcription is governed by sigma 54 RNA polymerase, the transcription factor IHF and the transcriptional regulator DVU2106. The decreased in the amount of ORP complex leads to heterogeneity of the cell size in accordance with a potential role of this complex in the spatio-temporal control of DvH cell division. While the absence of the majority of ORP proteins doesn't significantly affect DvH division in anaerobic conditions, the protein DVU2109 has a dynamic location during cell cycle and appears to be essential in the cell
Natalin, Junior Osvaldo. "Avaliação das valas de filtração como metodo de pos-tratamento de efluentes anaerobios." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258379.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil
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Resumo: No presente trabalho de pesquisa foram estudadas três valas de filtração com 15 m de comprimento e 0,5 m de largura, revestidas com lona de PVC com 1,00 mm, com alturas da camada filtrante de areia igual a 0,25, 0,50 e 0,75 m, utilizando-se tubo de drenagem em PEAD - polietileno de alta densidade, com 0,10 m de diâmetro e instalados com inclinação de 1 :300. Estas receberam efluente de quatro filtros anaeróbios de fluxo ascendente com recheio em anéis de bambu e operando com TDH igual a 3 horas. As valas de filtração estavam localizadas na ETE-Graminha na cidade de Limeira, SP e foram operadas durante um período de 497 dias, dividido em cinco períodos que corresponderam a aplicação das seguintes taxas hidráulicas: 20, 25, 30, 35 e 40 Um2.dia. Os valores de pH no efluente dos filtros anaeróbios e na saída das três valas ficaram no intervalo entre 6,00 e 8,00 na média. Os melhores valores de remoção de DBOrotal foram obtidos na vala 0,75 m na taxa 20 Um2.dia (90,19%); para DQOtotal e fósforo a vala 0,50 m na taxa 40 Um2.dia foi a mais eficiente (95,35 e 94,71% respectivamente). A remoção de NTotal foi mais eficiente na vala 0,25 m na taxa 40 Um2.dia (70,17%). A vala 0,50 m na taxa 20 Um2.dia foi a mais eficiente na remoção de Coliforme Fecal (99,9955%) e a vala 0,75 m na taxa 30 Um2.dia foi a com melhor desempenho na remoção de e. coli (99,9959%). A remoção de Sólidos Suspensos Totais foi sempre superior a 80,72% nas valas. De uma maneira geral, o desempenho das valas de filtração como pós-tratamento de efluente anaeróbio foi eficiente na remoção de C, N e P com concentrações finais média, para todas as taxas, de 19,03, 25,68 e 1,92 mg/l respectivamente. Seu uso é uma alternativa viável como póstratamento de efluentes anaeróbios, compatível com as exigências da legislação brasileira e demonstrou durante todo a pesquisa ser de fácil operação
Abstract: For the research work herein were analyzed three filtration ditches with 15 m length and 0,5 m width, coated with PVC cloth 1,00 mm thickness, filtering sand layer with heights equal to 0,25, 0,50 and 0,75m using a PEAD draining pipe with 0,10 m diameter and installed with a slant of 1 :300. Those four anaerobic filters received uphill flow effluents filled with bamboo rings and working with 3 hours HDT. The filtration ditches were located at wastewater treatment works - Graminha in LimeiralSP/Brazil and operated for 497 days, split in five periods according to the following hydraulic rates: 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 Um2.day. The pH values of the anaerobic filters effluents and the three filtration ditches exits were between 6,00 and 8,00, as an average. The best BOD Total removal values were found in the filtration ditch 0,75m and the rate was 20 Um2.day (90,19%); for CDO total and phosphorus, the most efficient filtration ditch was the 0,50 m with a 40 Um2.day rate (95,35 and 94,71% respectively). The NTotal removal was more efficient in filtration ditch 0,25 m with a rate of 40Um2.dia (70, 17%). The filtration ditch 0,50 m with a rate of 20 Um2.dia was more effective in Total Coliform removal (99,9955%) and the filtration ditch 0,75 m with a rate of 30 Um2.day had the best performance in e. coli removal (99,9959%). The Total Suspended Solids removal rate have always been above 80,72% for the three filtration ditches analyzed. Generally speaking, the filtration ditch performance as anaerobic post treatment, was effective in C, N and P removal with medium final concentration for all rates applied (19,03, 25,68 and 1,92 mg/l respectively). Its use is a feasible alternative as anaerobic post treatment in accordance with Brazilian legislation and demonstrated an easy operation during the whole research period
Mestrado
Saneamento e Ambiente
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Moraes, Luciana de Mattos. "Avaliação da biodegradabilidade anaerobia de lodos de esgoto provenientes de reatores anaerobios sequenciais." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257154.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Resumo: O potencial de aplicabilidade do processo anaeróbio pode ser avaliado a partir do conhecimento de poucas características dos resíduos a serem tratados. Uma avaliação preliminar dessas características pode auxiliar na escolha do sistema de tratamento mais adequado, permitindo, dessa forma, estimativas de produção de sólidos biológicos, de requisitos de nutrientes, de produção de metano, etc. A caracterização dos resíduos, por meio de testes de biodegradabilidade, é de fundamental importância, uma vez que os resíduos apresentam grande variabilidade quanto à qualidade, quantidade, Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO) e presença de compostos orgânicos refratários. Acrescentam-se ainda outras características importantes ao tratamento anaeróbio, notadamente pH, alcalinidade, nutrientes inorgânicos, temperatura e a eventual presença de compostos potencialmente tóxicos. Durante esse trabalho foi desenvolvida uma metodologia para avaliação da biodegradabilidade anaeróbia de lodos de esgoto estabilizados por reatores anaeróbios, utilizando testes simplificados de bancada, visando promover um maior conhecimento sobre a cinética de biodegradação dos lodos. De forma a agregar informações complementares sobre os lodos estudados realizou-se também a identificação morfológica dos diferentes grupos de microrganismos responsáveis pelo processo de digestão anaeróbia. A metodologia desenvolvida propõe a determinação da ¿biodegradabilidade anaeróbia intrínseca¿ dos lodos de esgoto por meio do monitoramento da produção e da composição do biogás (quanto às concentrações de CH4 e CO2). Os testes foram realizados em frascos de 280mL de volume preenchidos com 50% do seu volume com proporções de lodo e água de forma a garantir uma concentração de Sólidos Voláteis em torno de 10mg.L-1; os outros 50% constituíram o ¿headspace¿ que, após os frascos terem sido vedados, foi preenchido com N2. Os ensaios foram realizados em mesa agitadora (150rpm), sob temperatura controlada (35°C) e tiveram a duração de 15 dias, monitorando-se a cada 2 dias, a pressão interna do frasco e a composição do biogás. A avaliação da ¿biodegradabilidade anaeróbia intrínseca¿ das amostras de lodo foi quantificada por meio da determinação da taxa específica máxima de produção de CH4 (KCH4) e da taxa específica máxima de produção de CO2 (KCO2), as quais representam os ¿coeficientes de biodegradabilidade intrínseca¿ e foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de modelos matemáticos ajustados aos perfis de concentração molar de CH4 e CO2 em função do tempo. Os resultados obtidos nos testes de biodegradabilidade refletiram, de maneira geral, o comportamento dos reatores anaeróbios seqüenciais (Sistema B) operados em escala real com TDHs de 30, 20 e 10 dias, indicando que a metodologia desenvolvida permitiu a estimativa de ¿coeficientes de biodegradabilidade anaeróbia intrínseca¿ de lodos de esgoto por meio de testes simplificados de bancada com boa reprodutibilidade
Abstract: The potential of applicability of an anaerobic process can be evaluated from the knowledge of some characteristics of the residues to be treated. A preliminary evaluation of these characteristics can assist in the choice of a more suitable treatment system, what allows to estimate the production of biological solids, requirements for nutrients, methane production, etc. The characterization of the residues, through biodegradability tests, is of fundamental importance, once that the residues present a great variability for the quality, amount, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and the presence of refractory organics. There are other important characteristics for the anaerobic treatment of sewage sludge, like pH, alkalinity, inorganic nutrients, temperature and the presence or not of very toxic compounds. During this work, a methodology for the evaluation of the anaerobic biodegradability of sewage sludge, stabilized by anaerobic reactors was developed using simplified bench tests, aiming to know more about the kinetics of biodegradation of sludge. With the intention to add complementary information about the studied sludge, it was also achieved the morphologic identification of the different groups of microorganisms that are responsible for the anaerobic digestion process. The developed methodology considers the determination of the ¿intrinsic anaerobic biodegradability¿ of sewage sludge through the monitoring of the production and of the composition of biogas (concentrations of CH4 and CO2). The tests had been carried out in bottles of 280mL filled with 50% of its volume with sludge and water ratios to guarantee a volatile solids concentration about 10mg.L-1; the other 50% constituted the ¿headspace¿ that, after the bottles had been hinted, were filled with N2. The assays had been carried through in a shaker (150rpm), under controlled temperature (35°C) and had the duration of 15 days, monitoring the pressure inside the flask and the composition of the biogas in every 2 days. The evaluation of the ¿intrinsic anaerobic biodegradability¿ of the sludge was quantified through the determination of the maximum specific tax of production of CH4 (KCH4) and of the maximum specific rate of CO2 production (KCO2), which represent the intrinsic biodegradability coefficients¿ and had been achieved through the application of mathematical models adjusted to the profiles of molar concentration of CH4 and CO2 in function of the time. The results obtained in the biodegradability tests had reflected, in a general way, the behavior of the sequential anaerobic reactors (System B) operated in real scale with HDTs (Hydraulic Detention Time) of 30, 20 and 10 days, indicating that the developed methodology allowed to estimate the ¿intrinsic biodegradability coefficients¿ of sewage sludge through simplified bench tests with good reproducibility
Doutorado
Agua e Solo
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
Roseira, João Paulo Santos. "Casca de café tratada com óxido de cálcio em condição de aerobiose ou anaerobiose." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2015. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/6665.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Um experimento foi conduzido no Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, UFV, no campus de Viçosa, gerando informações apresentadas em dois capítulos. Avaliou-se, qualitativamente, a eficiência do óxido de cálcio no tratamento da casca de café em condição de aerobiose ou anaerobiose, em diferentes períodos de tratamento. No primeiro capítulo, apresentou-se os resultados do valor nutritivo,temperatura, pH edesenvolvimento de fungos na casca de café tratada com óxido de cálcio (CaO) em condição de aerobiose ou anaerobiose, em diferentes períodos de tratamento.Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 4, sendo duas doses de CaO (0 e 5%, base da matéria seca), duas condições de ambiente para reação (aerobiose ou anaerobiose) e quatro períodos detratamento (1; 2; 3 e 4semanas), no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Cada unidade experimental foi constituída de 3 kg de casca de café. Verificou-se temperatura inicial mais elevada na casca de café tratada, na qual a maior temperatura, 43,36 oC, foi registrada em condição de anaerobiose. Observou-se que as variáveis extrato etéreo (EE), fibra em detergente neutro corrigida para cinzas e proteína (FDNcp), hemicelulose (HEM), lignina (LIG), digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS), nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), pH, mofos e leveduras foram afetadas (P<0,05) pela interação CaO × condição de ambiente × período. Nas semanas 1, 2, 3 e 4, foi verificado para a casca de café tratada menores teores de FDNcp e HEM, quando comparado com a casca de café não tratada, em aerobiose e anaerobiose. Para a casca de café tratada em aerobiose, foi constatado aumento do valor da DIVMS até 1,32 semanas, atingindo valor máximo de 55,76%. O óxido de cálcio promove redução dos constituintes da parede celular e aumenta a digestibilidade da matéria seca da casca de café. Uma semana é considerada o período apropriado para o tratamento da casca. No segundo capítulo, descreveu-se a cinética de degradação ruminal da matéria seca e fibra em detergente neutro da casca de café tratada com óxido de cálcio (CaO), em condição de aerobiose ou anaerobiose. A casca de café foi submetida a duas doses de CaO (0 e 5% base da MS) e duas condições de ambiente para reação (aerobiose ou anaerobiose),no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Após sete dias de tratamento, foi realizado coletas das amostras, as quais foram pré-secas a 55oC e moídas. Amostras de 5,0 g foram incubadas no rúmen de dois bovinos machos, nos intervalos de tempo 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas. Os parâmetros cinéticos de degradação da matéria seca, à exceção da fração b, a degradabilidade potencial e a degradabilidade efetiva foram afetados (P<0,05) pela interação CaO× condição de ambiente. Quanto aos parâmetros estimados da degradação da fibra, a fração potencialmente degradável apresentou efeito (P<0,05) para condição de ambiente e CaO. A utilização do CaO promoveu aumento dessa fração em 4,08 pontos percentuais quando comparada à casca não tratada e redução de 4,37 pontos percentuais da fração indegradável.A utilização do CaO no tratamento da casca de café promove aumento da degradabilidade efetiva e potencial da matéria seca e redução da fração indegradável da fibra. A condição de anaerobiose constitui-se no melhor ambiente para o tratamento da casca de café com CaO.
One experiment was conducted in the Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, UFV, campus de Viçosa, generating informations presented in two chapters. It was evaluated qualitatively the efficiency of the calcium oxide in the treatment of coffee hulls in aerobic or anaerobic conditions. In the first chapter, are presented the results of nutritive value, temperature, pH, and dynamics of fungus growth in the coffee hulls treated with CaO were evaluated. A factorial experiment 2 x 2 x 4 (two levels of CaO; two ambient conditions for reaction, aerobic and anaerobic; and four periods of treatment, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks) was conducted under a completed randomized design with 3 replicates. Each experimental unit was constituted by 3 kg of coffee hulls. Higher temperature, 43.36 oC was registered immediately the coffee hulls be treated. It was observed that EE, NDFap, HEM, LIG, IVDMD, TDN, pH, fungus and yeast were affected (P<0.05) by interaction of CaO × ambient condition × period. In all weeks 1, 2, 4 and 4 were verified lower contents of NDFap and HEM for treated coffee hulls compared to untreated coffee hulls in aerobic and anaerobic condition. The IVDMD of treated coffee hulls reached the maximum value of 55.76% by 1.32 weeks of treatment. The calcium oxide promotes a reduction of cell wall components and increase the dry matter digestibility of coffee hulls. One week period is considered appropriate for hydroliseof coffee hulls. In the second chapter, ruminal kinetic degradation of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber of coffee hulls treated with 0 and 5% (dry matter basis) levels of calcium oxide under aerobic and anaerobic conditions was described. Samples of 5.0 g of treated coffee hulls were incubated in the rumens of steers during 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours. It were observed to kinetic parameters of dry matter degradation, exception fraction b, that potential and effective degradabilities were affected (P<0.05) by the CaO× ambient conditions interaction. Related to estimated parameters of fiber degradation, the potentially degraded fraction showed effect (P<0.05) to ambient condition and CaO. The use of CaO promoted increase this fraction in 4.08 percentage points compared to the untreated hulls and reduction of 4.37 percentage points of undegradable fraction. The utilization of CaO to treat coffee hulls promotes an increase in the effective degradability and potential of the dry matter and reduction of undegradable fiber fraction. The anaerobic condition provide a better ambient to treat coffee hulls with CaO.
Derache, Philippe. "Influence de la reduction des xenobiotiques organo-nitres sur la peroxydation des phospholipides." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30062.
Full textPescador, Fernanda Santos. "Tratamento de esgoto doméstico em reatores sequenciais em batelada anaeróbios (RSBAn)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/2484.
Full textSilva, Isis Serrano 1976. "Fungos degradadores de compostos organicos recalcitrantes sob condições microaerobia e anaerobia." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254731.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: As atividades industriais da sociedade moderna vêm produzindo grande quantidade de compostos poluentes tóxicos e persistentes nas águas e solos, acarretando desequilíbrio dos ecossistemas. A degradação de xenobióticos recalcitrantes por fungos, principalmente os de degradação branca, tem sido uma alternativa viável de biorremediação ambiental devido à produção de um sistema enzimático extracelular e não-específico por estes fungos. As enzimas ligninolíticas são capazes de atuarem na degradação da lignina e de vários compostos orgânicos xenobióticos poliaromáticos e com estruturas similares à molécula da lignina. Para uma eficiência na biotransformação e conseqüente mineralização dos compostos poluentes, os microrganismos podem produzir biosurfactantes responsáveis pela maior solubilização de moléculas recalcitrantes no meio, aumentando a superfície de contato entre poluentes e microrganismos, facilitando assim a disponibilidade a biodegradação. Neste trabalho, várias linhagens fúngicas foram capazes de crescer em hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs), ácido lignosulfônico e ácido tânico como fontes de carbono e produzirem enzimas ligninolíticas e biosurfactantes sob condições microaeróbia e anaeróbia. Tais compostos de difícil mineralização e resistentes as biotransformações foram degradados, parcialmente, pelos fungos estudados e a porcentagem de degradação apresentou variação de acordo com a linhagem, fonte de carbono utilizada e a condição de oxigenação. Em condição microaeróbia, os fungos 984, 1040, Q10 e 710 destacaram-se na degradação de compostos poliaromáticos. As melhores degradações foram apresentadas para decacicleno (10 anéis - 20-40%) e perileno (5 anéis - 11-40%)em relação aos HAPs de maiores massas molares. A degradação do naftaleno (2 anéis) foi maior do que fenantreno (3 anéis). Na condição anaeróbia, verificaram-se degradações para todas as fontes de carbono estudadas, exceto ácido tânico. Nesta condição, os fungos Q10, H2 e 710 apresentaram maior capacidade de degradação para a maioria das fontes de carbono estudadas. Em ambas as condições, a linhagem 984 apresentou maior produção de biosurfactante na presença de todos os HAPs testados. Os hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos e outros compostos orgânicos recalcitrantes podem ser degradados sob condições microaeróbia e anaeróbia por fungos, auxiliando assim na biorremediação de locais contaminados de difícil despoluição pela ausência de oxigênio.
Abstract: The industrial activities of modern society produce great amounts of toxic compounds, which persist in rivers, soils and oceans, causing disturbance to ecosystems. Owing to an extracellular and non-specificenzymatic system produced by whiterot fungi, degradation of these xenobióticos became a viable alternative for environmental bioremediation. Such ligninolytic enzymes are able to degrade lignin and most organic and xenobiotic polyaromatic compounds and macromolecules with complex links similar to those found in lignin. For the efficient biotransformation and consequent mineralization of pollutant compounds, microorganisms can produce biosurfactants, which are responsible for solubilization of the recalcitrant molecules, increasing surface contact between pollutant and microorganism,and thus increasing proneness to biodegradation. In this work, non-basidiomycete fungi were grown on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), lignosulphonic acid and tannic acid as carbon sources and were able to produce ligninolytic enzymes, and bíosurfactants, under microaerobic and anaerobic conditions.These compounds were partially degraded by the fungi and the percentage of degradation varied depending on the fungal strain, carbon source and oxigenation condition. Under mícroaerobic conditions,the fungal strains 984, 1040,Q10 and 710 were the best degraders of PAHs, were decacyclene (ten rings) was degraded from 20 to 40% and perylene (five rings) 11 to 40%. Under anaerobic conditions, there was degradation of ali the carbon sources except tannic acid. FungiQ10, H2 e 710 showed the best degradations for the majority of carbon sources. Under both conditions, strain 984 showed great production of bíosurfactant emulsions when grownin PAHs. Polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons and others recalcitrant organic pollutants can be degraded by fungi under microaerobic and anaerobic conditions,and thereby aid in the bioremediation of anoxic environments.
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos
Peytavin, Cécile. "Réduction des nitrates et nitrites en azote par Pseudomonas stutzeri : études cinétiques modélisation et simulation d'un système dénitrifiant." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL042N.
Full textLagos, Susaeta Francisco Manuel. "Análisis de factibilidad técnica y económica de la generación de biogás a partir de purines mediante biodigestores anaerobios." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/131621.
Full textLos sistemas productivos del mundo viven un desafío importante de sustentabilidad y giro hacia tecnologías más limpias. La digestión anaerobia es una tecnología que puede atenuar el impacto que producen los sistemas pecuarios en el medio, además de generar un nuevo recurso, el biogás, junto con otros beneficios ambientales, económicos y sociales. Por tales razones se desarrolló el presente trabajo, que tuvo por objetivo describir la situación actual del uso de purines para la generación de biogás mediante digestión anaeróbica, y generar modelos de biodigestores anaerobios aplicables a lecherías en Chile. En base a revisión bibliográfica y visita de experiencias, se recabaron aspectos teórico-prácticos de generación de purines lecheros; digestión anaerobia de purines con el biogás como principal producto; biodigestores anaerobios; y sobre proyectos de biodigestores anaerobios en lecherías chilenas y en un sistema de bovinos de engorda. La biodigestión anaerobia es un proceso bacteriano que logra rescatar cerca del 65% de la energía contenida en los purines, siempre que los parámetros sean manejados adecuadamente, especialmente la temperatura y el pH, además de limitantes como el sulfuro de hidrógeno, oxígeno, fibra y espuma. El principal producto de la digestión anaerobia es el biogás, el que tiene una constitución similar al gas natural. Comúnmente se establecen 4 tipos de biodigestores anaerobios: lagunas cubiertas, mezcla completa, flujo continuo y película fija. Para la elección del modelo de biodigestor se deben considerar los volúmenes de purín producidos, la cantidad de sólidos contenida y el volumen de biogás a generar. Además, los distintos modelos tienen distintas eficiencias y demandas externas de mezcla, temperatura, etc. En Chile existen alrededor de 6 plantas de biogás funcionando en base a purines, lo que denota una baja implementación nacional de estos sistemas, atribuido principalmente a: la falta de información en cuanto a los beneficios potenciales, escasos elementos de fomento, alta inversión requerida, dificultades técnicas y falta de profesionales especialistas. En base a recopilación bibliográfica y entrevistas a profesionales, se identificaron posibles beneficiarios de sistemas de digestión anaerobia de purines en relación a los volúmenes y capacidad energética de los purines producidos, y tecnologías posibles de implementar gracias a la generación del biogás, usado como sustrato energético para las lecherías. Mediante la combustión del biogás es posible generar calor, frio, energía mecánica y electricidad. La industria lechera presenta un gran potencial en este aspecto, ya que por la energía contenida y los grandes volúmenes de purines producidos, se puede suplir hasta el 100% de requerimientos energéticos como la ordeña mecánica 2 y la refrigeración de la leche. El producto más interesante del biogás es la electricidad, para la cual es necesario analizar la factibilidad de generación dadas las posibilidades de inversión, y los volúmenes de purín generados. Toda la información y experiencia sirvió como sustrato para la generación de dos modelos teóricos de biodigestores anaerobios para lecherías en Chile; uno para pequeñas lecherías y otro para lecherías de tamaño mediano, especificando sus características y requerimientos, así como los modelos de biodigestores a usar, productos generados e inversión aproximada
Pithon, Karla Rocha. "Caracterização das respostas cardiorrespiratórias e eletromiográficas para exercícios de carga constante em intensidades próximas ao limiar de anaerobiose ventilatório." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5197.
Full textUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais
This research aimed to identify the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) in a ramp continuous test and to apply mathematical and statistical methods to study the stability of the variables during the exercise performed in discontinuous steps near the VAT intensity. Eight young men (22,75 ± 2,25 years) were submitted to a ramp continuous ergoespirometric test (protocol I), with 20 to 25 W.min-1 power increments, on an electromagnetic braked cycle ergometer and to 3 discontinuous steps (protocol II), each one lasting 15 minutes, with 70% of VAT (step 1), 100% of VAT (step 2) and 130% of VAT (step 3). The metabolic and ventilatory variables ( O2, CO2, E, PetO2, PetCO2) were collected on a breath-by-breath basis, heart rate (HR) was collected on a beat-to-beat basis, and RMS was calculated for the myoelectrical signal of vastus lateralis muscle. In protocol I, VAT was determined by the loss of parallelism between O2 and CO2; in protocol II data a semi-parametric mathematical and statistical model was applied. For statistical analysis the median confidence interval was applied, α= 5% and descriptive analysis. HR was statistically different between VAT and step 3 and among steps 1, 2 and 3. For O2, CO2 and E data the results were similar, with significant statistical differences between VAT and steps 2 and 3 and among the three steps. For PetO2 the statistical difference was observed between VAT and step 3; PetCO2 and RMS did not show statistical differences. The analysis of the 3o to 9o minute (T1) and of the 9o to 15o minute (T2) of the steps, showed for step 1: for HR 7 stables (S) and 1 crescent (C) and O2 and CO2 8S in T1 and T2; PetCO2 7S and 1 decreasing (D) in T1 and 7S and 1C in T2; PetO2 5S and 3C in T1 and 7S and 1D in T2; RMS 4S, 3D and 1C in T1 and 7S and 1D in T2. For step 2: HR 3S and 5C in T1 and 5S and 3C in T2; O2 and CO2 8S in T1 and T2; PetCO2 4S and 4D in T1 and 5S and 3D in T2; PetO2 5S and 3C in T1 and 8S in T2; RMS 4S, 2D and 2C. For step 3: HR 8C in T1 and 5S and 3C in T2, CO2 8S and O2 7S and 1C in T1 and O2 and CO2 8S in T2; PetCO2 1S and 7C in T1 and 5S, 1C and 2D in T2; PetO2 4S and 4C in T1 and 5S, 2D and 1C in T2; RMS 4S, 2D and 2C in T1 and 4S, 3D and 1C in T2. Conclusions: for young volunteers, on a step protocol, it is necessary to decrease the power intensity around 30% to reach similar cardiorrespiratory values of VAT. PetCO2 and HR showed more sensitive responses to power intensities above VAT and can be used as first signaling of exercise above VAT.
Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo identificar o limiar de anaerobiose ventilatório (LAV) num teste contínuo em rampa e aplicar ferramentas matemáticas e estatísticas para estudar a estabilidade das variáveis durante o exercício em degrau descontínuo nas intensidades próximas ao LAV. Oito homens jovens (22,75 ± 2,25 anos) foram submetidos a teste ergoespirométrico num protocolo contínuo tipo rampa (protocolo I), com incremento de 20 a 25 W.min-1 em cicloergômetro de frenagem eletromagnética e a 3 degraus descontínuos (protocolo II) de 15 minutos cada, em 70% do LAV (degrau1), 100% LAV (degrau 2) e 130% LAV (degrau 3), com coleta das variáveis metabólicas e ventilatórias ( O2, CO2, E, PetO2, PetCO2) respiração-a-respiração, freqüência cardíaca (FC) batimento-a-batimento e do RMS pela eletromiografia do músculo vasto lateral. No protocolo I, o LAV foi determinado pela perda do paralelismo entre O2 e CO2, nos dados do protocolo II foi aplicado o modelo matemático e estatístico semiparamétrico. Para a análise estatística foi aplicado o intervalo de confiança da mediana, α= 5% e análise descritiva. Nos resultados, a FC foi estatisticamente diferente entre o LAV e degrau 3 e entre os degraus 1, 2 e 3. Para O2, CO2 e E os resultados foram similares, com diferença estatisticamente significante entre o LAV e degraus 2 e 3, entre os 3 degraus houve diferença estatisticamente significante. Já no PetO2 a diferença estatística foi entre o LAV e degrau 3, o PetCO2 e o RMS não mostraram diferenças. Ao analisar o trecho do 3o ao 9o minuto (T1) e do 9o ao 15o (T2) dos degraus, foram observados no degrau 1: para FC 7 estáveis (E) e 1 crescente (C) e O2 e CO2 8E em T1 e T2; PetCO2 7E e 1 decrescente (D) em T1 e 7E e 1C em T2; PetO2 5E e 3C em T1 e 7E e 1D em T2; no RMS 4E,3D e 1C em T1 e 7E e 1D em T2. No degrau 2: FC 3E e 5C em T1 e 5E e 3C em T2; O2 e CO2 8E em T1 e T2; PetCO2 4E e 4D emT1 e 5E e3D em T2; PetO2 5E e 3C emT1 e 8E em T2; RMS 4E, 2D e 2C. No degrau 3: FC 8C em T1 e 5E e 3C em T2, CO2 8E e O2 7E e 1C em T1 e O2 e CO2 8E em T2; PetCO2 1E e 7C em T1 e 5E, 1C e 2D em T2; PetO2 4E e 4C em T1 e 5E, 2D e 1C em T2; RMS 4E, 2D e 2C em T1 e 4E, 3D e 1C em T2. Conclusões: Ao realizar um protocolo em degrau é necessário diminuir em torno de 30% a intensidade de trabalho para alcançar valores cardiorrespiratórios similares aos encontrados no LAV, em voluntários jovens. O PetCO2 e a FC apresentaram respostas mais sensíveis a intensidades de trabalho acima do LAV e podem ser utilizados como primeiros sinalizadores do trabalho acima do LAV.
Neves, Valeria Ferreira Camargo. "A influência da idade e da reposição hormonal sobre a modulação autonômica do coração e o limiar de anaerobiose." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/82/82131/tde-20082003-111437/.
Full textThe objectives of the present study were to assess the autonomic modulation of the heart rate (HR) at rest, in the supine and sitting position, and during a step type discontinuous dynamic physical effort (STDDPE) in young and postmenopausal women not receiving (PMWtHR) and receiving hormonal replacement treatment (PMWHR); to determine the anaerobiosis threshold (AT) based on the analysis of HR response and the RMSSD indices (square root of the mean squared differences of successive R-R intervals), in milliseconds (ms), and to compare the degree of correlation between these two analysis methodologies. The study was conducted on 11 young women (24 ± 2.77 years), 13 PMWtHR (57 ± 5.28) and 9 PMWHR (55 ± 5.40 years). The STDDPE was performed on a bicycle ergometer at an initial power of 15 W, followed by power increments of 5 W. HR (bpm) and R-R intervals (ms) were obtained in real time over a period of 360 s under resting conditions in each position, during 60 s in the sitting rest position on the bicycle ergometer, 240 s during exercise and 60 s during recuperation at each STDDPE power. Mean HR (bpm) and RMSSD indices of the R-R intervals (ms) were calculated for the resting condition and during 180 s of exercise in the powers studied; the HR variation (bpm) and its time (s) were also calculated in the beginning of exercise. AT was determined by the semiparametric mathematical and statistical model (PMS) and by the RMSSD indices of the R-R intervals (ms). Data were analyzed statistically by the Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, Dunn and Spearman correlation tests, with the level of significance set at 5%. During rest, young women presented significantly higher RMSSD indices (p<0.05) than the other 2 groups. The HR variations in young women in the beginning of the exercise were higher than the ones from the PMWtHR and PMWHR groups, whereas HR variations time was similar for the 3 groups. During the transition from rest to exercise HR increased progressively and HRV decreased. Intergroup comparison of RMSSD indices, obtained in each level of power, showed a significant difference (p<0.05) only at 35 W power. On both PMS model and RMSSD indices analysis, young women reached AT at a higher power compared to PMWtHR and PMWHR groups. The PMWtHR and PMWHR groups presented similar results. No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed when the methods were compared. The Spearman correlation test showed a significant association (p<0.05) between methods. These data suggest that after menopause there is a decrease in vagal modulation of the heart both at rest and during physical exercise due to the aging process and the reduction in physical capacity. Hormonal replacement therapy had no effect on the results. Both methodologies of AT analysis were similar, suggesting that the change in the HR response occurs in levels of effort in which the HRV is significantly reduced.
Crescencio, Julio César. "Quantificação do limiar de anaerobiose ventilatório no exercício físico dinâmico em cardiopatas chagásicos utilizando-se métodos visuais e computacionais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17138/tde-06082007-201626/.
Full textWith the advance of digital computers it was possible to develop high quality equipments and specific software for the acquisition, processing and storage of a great number of cardio respiratory variables. In this context, exercise physiology has shown a substantial progress, particularly with the use of ergospirometric systems that allow a simultaneous recording of respiratory and metabolic variables during dynamic exercise. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of a special kind of mathematical models, the so called bisegmentar models, linear-linear (L-L) and linear-quadratic (L-Q), applied to the ventilatory variables during dynamic exercise for identification of the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) in chagasic patients. In this study 51 volunteers were included: 24 chagasic patients (mean ± age= 33.77 ± 7.86 years) and 27 healthy men (35.91 ± 9.84 years), paired for sex, age and aerobic capacity. The chagasic patients presented the undetermined and the cardiac form of the disease; in this last condition the patients did not show any increase of heart dimension on echocardiography. All subjects studied were submitted to two different types of exercise protocols, undertaken in cycle ergometer in seated position: 1- a continuous ramp type test; 2- a progressive step type test, interrupted in each exercise level for the return of variables to basal values. An electronic braked cycle ergometer (CORIVAL 400 Quinton) was used in both cases. A computerized ergospirometric system (MedGraphics CPX/D) was used to apply the exercise tests. This system allowed the recording and processing of all ventilatory variables for application of the mathematical models: oxygen uptake (VO2), CO2 production (VCO2), minute respiratory ventilation (VE), respiratory equivalents (VE/VCO2,VE/VO2), power (Watts), rotation speed, and others. The ramp was calculated considering sex, age, weight and aerobic capacity, evaluated on the basis of a questioner of physical activity. The VAT was measured by visual manner (mean values obtained from 3 different observers), and also by the automatic method supplied by the MedGraphics equipment (AuT), based on the VCO2-VO2 inclination changes of the straight lines, and the ones obtained by the bisegmentar methods adjusted to the response of VO2 related to time (L-L VCO2, L-Q VCO2) and of VCO2 in relation to VO2 (L-L VCO2/VO2, L-Q VCO2/VO2). The bisegmentar models were based on the measure of the square sum of residual values related to fitting of two functions, linear-linear and linear-quadratic applying the least square method. After a qualitative and quantitative analysis of data, it was possible to reach to the following conclusions: 1- all four bisegmentar models applied to ramp type tests could be used in 64% of cases (16 chagasics an 17 healthy), and the calculated VAT values were not statistically different from the ones obtained by VM and AuT methods ? also, the VAT values were not different comparing the two groups; 2- the AuT method could be used in all volunteers studied, including the chagasic (n=24) and the control (n=27) groups; 3- the intercepts and inclination coefficients that relate power and of VAT values obtained by all 6 methods were not statistically significant in both groups studied; 4- the inclination changes of linear fitting obtained from step tests were coincident with the VAT values calculated from ramp tests in a small percentage of cases, what makes this method questionable, at least in protocols with 6 minute duration; 4- all bisegmentar models and AuT method using the ramp protocols have shown an adequate tool to quantify the VAT; 6- the use of appropriate windows to analyze the data during ramp exercise protocols is of uppermost importance to achieve a good performance of the mathematical models and the automatic method for quantifying the VAT.