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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Anabolic Agents/pharmacology

Academic literature on the topic 'Anabolic Agents/pharmacology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Anabolic Agents/pharmacology"

1

Adami, Silvano, O. Viapiana, and D. Gatti. "Bone Anabolic Agents: The Unanswered Queries." Pharmacology and Toxicology 94, no. 6 (June 2004): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2004.pto940601.x.

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2

Zdanowicz, Martin M. "Use of Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 for Treatment of Tissue Wasting in Catabolic Conditions." Hospital Pharmacy 35, no. 2 (February 2000): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001857870003500219.

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Trauma, surgery, burn injury, sepsis, prolonged bed rest, cancer, and AIDS are examples of catabolic states that can lead to a significant loss of lean body tissues and skeletal muscle. The physiologic stresses associated with these catabolic conditions can impair immune function, alter drug response, and delay the recovery process. Although enhanced nutritional supplementation is a mainstay for treating tissue wasting in these conditions, it is of limited effectiveness in reversing skeletal muscle protein loss or enhancing anabolism in lean body tissues. The use of anabolic hormones such as Growth Hormone (GH) or Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) to limit lean body wasting and preserve muscle mass in these conditions has been widely investigated. This article was designed to give pharmacists and patient care professionals an overview of recent literature involving anabolic hormone treatment of tissue wasting. The use of these agents in the clinical setting may undergo significant expansion in the near future.

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3

Beotra, A., S. Jain, T. Kaur, Ranjit Lal, and MadhusudhanaI Reddy. "Purification of urine samples to improve detection limit of anabolic agents." Indian Journal of Pharmacology 39, no. 1 (2007): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.30762.

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4

Smith, Daniel A., and Paul J. Perry. "The Efficacy of Ergogenic Agents in Athletic Competition Part I: Androgenic-Anabolic Steroids." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 26, no. 4 (April 1992): 520–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809202600414.

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OBJECTIVE: To summarize the literature describing the epidemiology, pharmacology, efficacy, and adverse effects associated with androgenic-anabolic steroid (AAS) use among athletes. DATA SOURCES: Relevant articles were identified from a MEDLINE search using the search terms “Doping in Sports,” “Anabolic Steroids (exploded),” and “Androgens (exploded).” Additional references were found in the bibliographies of these articles. STUDY SELECTION/DATA EXTRACTION: We reviewed studies of AAS use among professional athletes. Interpretation of these studies is difficult because of poor research design. The efficacy studies lacked adequate placebo control. Much of the literature describing adverse effects consists of anecdotal reports. All of this literature was considered for review. DATA SYNTHESIS: Of all ergogenic drugs, AASs are the most widely abused. Abuse of AASs among high school students is estimated at five to ten percent. AASs are hypothesized to produce ergogenic effects during periods of concomitant positive nitrogen balance via antagonism of the catabolic effect of glucocorticoids released during intense exercise. Despite years of study, the extent of the ergogenic effects associated with AASs remains unclear. This may be because most studies have failed to approximate athletes' AAS usage patterns. The primary toxic effects of AASs are divided into four areas: hepatic, reproductive, cardiovascular, and psychiatric. Athletes do not consider these effects severe enough to refrain from using these drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Athletes view AASs as an essential component for success. Without adequate intervention measures, AAS abuse is likely to continue unchecked.

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5

Lynch, Gordon S., Jonathan D. Schertzer, and James G. Ryall. "ANABOLIC AGENTS FOR IMPROVING MUSCLE REGENERATION AND FUNCTION AFTER INJURY." Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 35, no. 7 (July 2008): 852–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04955.x.

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6

Wos, John A., and Mark W. Lundy. "Patent developments in anabolic agents for treatment of bone diseases." Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents 13, no. 8 (August 2003): 1141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/13543776.13.8.1141.

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7

Fleming, Angeleen, Masahiko Sato, and Paul Goldsmith. "High-Throughput In Vivo Screening for Bone Anabolic Compounds with Zebrafish." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 10, no. 8 (October 18, 2005): 823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057105279952.

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Osteoporosis and diseases of bone loss are a major public health problem for the present and the future since longevity and prevalence of the disease are increasing in all parts of the world. The bisphosphonates, widely used in the treatment of osteoporosis, act by inhibiting bone resorption. However, there are few agents that promote or increase bone formation in patients who have suffered substantial bone loss. To facilitate the identification of novel anabolic therapies, the authors have developed a rapid, high-throughput in vivo screen using larval zebrafish ( Danio rerio) inwhich they are able to identify agentswith anabolic effects in the skeletonwithin a 6-day time period. Vitamin D 3 analogs and intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) result in dose-dependent increases in the formation of mineralized bone, whereas continuous exposure to PTH results in net bone loss. Because this model is fast, economical, and genetically tractable, it provides a powerful adjunct to mammalian models for the identification of new anabolic bone agents and offers the potential for genetic elucidation of pathways important in osteoblastic activity.

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8

Ip, Eric J., Karen Trinh, Michael J. Tenerowicz, Jai Pal, Tristan A. Lindfelt, and Paul J. Perry. "Characteristics and Behaviors of Older Male Anabolic Steroid Users." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 28, no. 5 (March 18, 2014): 450–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190014527319.

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Objective: To compare and contrast the characteristics of 2 groups of men ≥40 years old: reported anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) users and nonusers. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Thirty-eight online fitness, weight lifting, bodybuilding, and steroid Web sites. Participants: A total of 67 male AAS users and 76 male nonusers ≥40 years old. Main Outcomes Measured: Demographics, utilization of AAS and other performance-enhancing agents (PEAs), exercise patterns, history of illicit drugs and alcohol use, and psychiatric traits/diagnoses. Results: The majority of AAS users ≥40 years old were caucasian (92.5%), heterosexual (97.0%), and classified themselves as recreational exercisers (79.1%). AAS users took more PEAs (11.5 ± 5.6 vs 4.6 ± 2.7; P < .001), were more likely to binge drink (47.8% vs 29.0%; P = .025), report heavy alcohol use (21.0% vs 7.9%; P = .031), meet criteria for substance dependence disorder (27.4% vs 4.0%; P < .001), and report an anxiety disorder diagnosis (12.0% vs 2.6%; P = .046) than nonusers. Conclusions: AAS misuse is prevalent among older men and is associated with polypharmacy, more aggressive alcohol use, and a higher incidence of substance dependence and anxiety disorders compared to nonusers. This information may help clinicians and researchers identify and develop appropriate intervention strategies for AAS abuse among older men.

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9

Reiter, M., M. W. Pfaffl, M. Schönfelder, and H. H. D. Meyer. "Gene Expression in Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells after Treatment with Stanozolol." Biomarker Insights 4 (December 23, 2008): BMI.S1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bmi.s1173.

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Doping with anabolic agents is a topic in sports where strength is crucial, e.g. sprinting, weight lifting and many more. Testosterone and its functional analogs are the drugs of choice taken as pills, creams, tape or injections to increase muscle mass and body performance, and to reduce body fat. Stanozolol (17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-5α-androst-2-eno[3,2c]pyrazol) is a testosterone analogue with the same anabolic effect like testosterone but its ring structure makes it possible to take it orally. Therefore, stanozolol is one of the most frequently used anabolic steroids. Common verification methods for anabolic drugs exist, identifying the chemicals in tissues, like hair or blood samples. The idea of this feasibility study was to search for specific gene expression regulations induced by stanozolol to identify the possible influence of the synthetically hormone on different metabolic pathways. Finding biomarkers for anabolic drugs could be supportive of the existing methods and an additional proof for illegal drug abuse. In two separate cell cultures, human HFDPC (hair follicle dermal papilla cells) from a female and a male donor were treated with stanozolol. In the female cell culture treatment concentrations of 0 nM (control), 1 nM, 10 nM and 100 nM were chosen. Cells were taken 0 h, 6 h, 24 h and 48 h after stimulation and totalRNA was extracted. Learning from the results of the pilot experiment, the male cell culture was treated in 10 nM and 100 nM concentrations and taken after 0 h, 6 h, 24 h and 72 h. Using quantitative real-time RT-PCR expression of characteristics of different target genes were analysed. Totally 13 genes were selected according to their functionality by screening the actual literature and composed to functional groups: factors of apoptosis regulation were Fas Ligand (FasL), its receptor (FasR), Caspase 8 and Bcl-2. Androgen receptor (AR) and both estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ) were summarized in the steroid receptor group. The growth factor group included the insulin like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) and growth hormone receptor (GHR). Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and keratinocyte growth factor (FGF7) were summarized in the hair cycle factor group. 5α-Steroidreductases (SRD5A1, SRD5A2) represented the enzyme group. Three reference genes were taken for relative quantification: ubiquitin (UBQ), glycerinaldehyde-3-phsophate-dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and β-actin (ACTB). In cell culture 1 AR, FasR, FGF2 showed significant regulations within one treatment time, significant gene expressions over time were analysed for Caspase 8. In cell culture 2 AR, FasR and SRD5A2 were significantly regulated within one treatment time. In this feasibility study first biomarker for a screening pattern of anabolic agents could be identified providing the rationality to investigate modified, metabolic pathways in the whole hair follicle.

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10

M. Taher, Al-Muhannad, May S. Al-Sabbagh, and Dawser K. Al-Khashali. "Effects of Abuse of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids on Iraqi Athletes." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 17, no. 2 (March 30, 2017): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol17iss2pp9-17.

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Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are man-made derivatives of the male sex hormone testosterone, originally designed for therapeutic uses to provide higher anabolic potency with lower androgenic effects. Increasing numbers of young athletes are using these agents illicitly to enhance physical fitness, appearance, and performance despite their numerous side effects and worldwide banning. Today, their use remains one of the main health problems in sports because of their availability and low price. The present study focuses on investigating the adverse effects of anabolic androgenic steroid abuse on sex hormones, liver and renal function tests, fasting glucose levels and lipid metabolism in Iraqi male recreational bodybuilders. We have recruited fifteen male bodybuilders (age 19-32 years) and an equal number of healthy non-obese, non-AAS-using sedentary controls. Serum hormones (luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone, and prolactin), liver function indices (serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), total and direct bilirubin), renal function parameters (serum creatinine and urea), lipid profile and serum glucose levels were measured. Abuse of AAS was associated with significant decreases (p< 0.005) in serum levels of LH (66.9%), FSH (49.8 %) and testosterone (63.7%) together with significant increases (p< 0.05) in prolactin concentrations (49.8%) in AAS-using bodybuilders compared to sedentary controls. Anabolic androgenic steroids-using athletes had significantly higher (p< 0.05) circulating levels of total bilirubin (116.3%), direct bilirubin (127.6%), aspartate (1752.9%) and alanine (263.1 %) transaminases than those of sedentary control subjects. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels were not significantly different (p> 0.05) between the two groups. Concerning renal function, AAS-using athletes had significantly higher serum concentrations of creatinine (28.6%) and urea (21.3%) than sedentary controls. Meanwhile, AAS abuse was accompanied by atherogenic lipid profile. Anabolic androgenic steroids -using athletes had significantly higher (p< 0.05) serum levels of triglycerides (TG) (45.6%), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (26.0%) and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(VLDL-C) (45.6%) together with significantly lower serum concentrations of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (31.3%) than sedentary controls. Serum total cholesterol (TC) and fasting glucose concentrations were not significantly different (p> 0.05) between the two groups. The results presented in the study confirm that abuse of AAS induces unfavorable body functions and undesirable side effects. Therefore, efforts should be sought against use of these compounds outside the therapeutic frame. Key words: anabolic steroids, athletes, bodybuilding, exercise.

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Books on the topic "Anabolic Agents/pharmacology"

1

Fourcroy, Jean L. Pharmacology, Doping and Sports: A Scientific Guide for Athletes, Coaches, Physicians, Scientists and Administrators. Taylor & Francis Group, 2008.

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2

L, Fourcroy Jean, ed. Pharmacology, doping and sports: A scientific guide for athletes, coaches, physicians, scientists and administrators. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Anabolic Agents/pharmacology"

1

Thevis, Mario, and Wilhelm Schänzer. "Synthetic Anabolic Agents: Steroids and Nonsteroidal Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators." In Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 99–126. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79088-4_5.

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2

"Testing for anabolic agents." In Pharmacology, Doping and Sports, 57–74. Routledge, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203891049-13.

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