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Journal articles on the topic 'Amygdaloid body'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

King, Bruce M., Bethany L. Rollins, Samuel G. Stines, Sofia A. Cassis, Holland B. McGuire, and Michelle L. Lagarde. "Sex differences in body weight gains following amygdaloid lesions in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 277, no. 4 (October 1, 1999): R975—R980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.4.r975.

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Lesions of the most posterodorsal aspects of the amygdala resulted in equal weight gains (mean = 58 g) in male and female rats during a 22-day observation period. However, the absolute weight gains in the first 5 days after lesions were greater in females (+41.4 g) than in males (+18.8 g), as were the longer-term gains relative to their respective control groups. In a second study with female rats, it was found that amygdaloid lesions had little effect on the estrous cycle and that ovariectomy resulted in additional excessive weight gains in both rats with sham lesions and those with amygdaloid lesions. The weight gains produced by amygdaloid lesions and ovariectomy were additive. It is concluded that there is a sex difference in weight gains after amygdaloid lesions, but that the lesion-induced obesity is independent of estrogen levels. Similarities to lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus are noted, and an amygdaloid-ventromedial hypothalamic pathway for the regulation of feeding behavior is proposed.

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2

Manolova, A., and S. Manolov. "Ultrastructural study on the development of rat amygdaloid body." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (August 12, 1990): 432–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100159709.

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Relatively few data on the development of the amygdaloid complex are available only at the light microscopic level (1-3). The existence of just general morphological criteria requires the performance of other investigations in particular ultrastructural in order to obtain new and more detailed information about the changes in the amygdaloid complex during development.The prenatal and postnatal development of rat amygdaloid complex beginning from the 12th embrionic day (ED) till the 33rd postnatal day (PD) has been studied. During the early stages of neurogenesis (12ED), the nerve cells were observed to be closely packed, small-sized, with oval shape. A thin ring of cytoplasm surrounded their large nuclei, their nucleoli being very active with various size and form (Fig.1). Some cells possessed more abundant cytoplasm. The perikarya were extremely rich in free ribosomes. Single sacs of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria were observed among them. The mitochondria were with light matrix and possessed few cristae. Neural processes were viewed to sprout from some nerve cells (Fig.2). Later the nuclei were still comparatively large and with various shape.

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3

Kosmal, Anna, Monika Malinowska, and Danuta Kowalska. "Thalamic and amygdaloid connections of the auditory association cortex of the superior temporal gyrus in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 57, no. 3 (September 30, 1997): 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-1997-1224.

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Thalamic and amygdaloid connections of three association auditory areas (AA1, AA2, AA3) of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) were investigated. In order to define the projections of the particular areas, injections of fluorescent tracers were made in three monkeys. Distribution of labeling indicates that area AA1 differs from areas AA2 and AA3 in patterns of both thalamo-cortical and amygdalo-cortical connections. Area AA1 receives its predominant inputs from the ventral and dorsal nuclei of the medial geniculate body (MGB). The amygdaloid projection to the area AA1 originates from the basal nuclei, whereas input from the lateral nucleus was not found. The characteristic thalamic projections to areas AA2 and AA3 originate from the dorsal MGB nucleus and the polymodal nuclei of the posterior thalamus. The density of projections from the dorsal nucleus gradually decreases from area AA1 to area AA3 while projections from the Plm, Sg and Lim nuclei increase in the same direction. Areas AA2 and AA3 are the source of strong connections with the lateral nucleus of amygdala, which density increases progressively when injections shift from area AA2 to AA3. The basal and accessory basal nuclei are the source of a less significant amygdalofugal projections to both cortical areas. Thus, our experimental data indicate that influence of the polymodal thalamic nuclei increases substantially in the direction of the higher order association areas. The strong relation of the same cortical areas with the lateral amygdaloid nucleus might suggest that areas AA2 and AA3, in addition to auditory input are the site of transfer of complex sensory information to the amygdala.

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Grundmann, Scott J., Edward A. Pankey, Misty M. Cook, Aimee L. Wood, Bethany L. Rollins, and Bruce M. King. "Combination unilateral amygdaloid and ventromedial hypothalamic lesions: evidence for a feeding pathway." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 288, no. 3 (March 2005): R702—R707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00460.2004.

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Previous studies have reported hyperphagia and obesity in female rats with bilateral lesions of the most posterodorsal part of the amygdala. In rats with unilateral posterodorsal amygdaloid lesions, a dense pattern of anterograde degeneration appears in the ipsilateral ventromedial hypothalamus, but not the contralateral nucleus. In the present study, female rats with unilateral ventromedial hypothalamic lesions or sham lesions were given either sham lesions or unilateral lesions of the posterodorsal amygdala (PDA) 20 days later. Unilateral lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus resulted in hyperphagia and excessive weight gain. Subsequent amygdaloid lesions that were contralateral to the initial hypothalamic lesions resulted in hyperphagia and additional excessive weight gains, but amygdaloid lesions ipsilateral to the initial hypothalamic lesions did not. It is concluded that the effects of the two lesions on body weight are not additive and that the PDA and ventromedial hypothalamus are part of the same ipsilateral pathway regulating feeding behavior and body weight regulation.

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5

Mohandas Rao, K. G., S. Muddanna Rao, and S. Gurumadhva Rao. "Enhancement of Amygdaloid Neuronal Dendritic Arborization by Fresh Leaf Juice ofCentella asiatica(Linn) during Growth Spurt Period in Rats." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 6, no. 2 (2009): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nem079.

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Centella asiatica(CeA) is a creeping herb, growing in moist places in India and other Asian Countries. Ayurvedic system of medicine, an alternate system of medicine in India, uses leaves of CeA for memory enhancement. Here, we have investigated the role of CeA fresh leaf juice treatment during growth spurt period of rats on dendritic morphology of amygdaloid neurons, one of the regions concerned with learning and memory. The present study was conducted on neonatal rat pups. The rat pups (7-days-old) were fed with 2, 4 and 6 ml/kg body of fresh leaf juice of CeA for 2, 4 and 6 weeks. After the treatment period, the rats were killed, brains removed and amygdaloid neurons impregnated with Silver nitrate (Golgi staining). Amygdaloid neurons were traced using camera lucida and dendritic branching points (a measure of dendritic arborization) and intersections (a measure dendritic length) quantified. These data were compared with those of age-matched control rats. The results showed a significant increase in dendritic length (intersections) and dendritic branching points along the length of dendrites of the amygdaloid neurons of rats treated with 4 and 6 ml/kg body weight/day of CeA for longer periods of time (i.e. 4 and 6 weeks). We conclude that constituents/active principles present in CeA fresh leaf juice has neuronal dendritic growth stimulating property; hence it can be used for enhancing neuronal dendrites in stress and other neurodegenerative and memory disorders.

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6

Kandror, V. I., I. G. Akmayev, and L. B. Kalimullina. "The cerebral amygdaloid body: Functional morphology and neuroendocrinology." Problems of Endocrinology 41, no. 2 (April 15, 1995): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11376.

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Due to the fact that endocrine functions are inherent in almost all areas of the brain, the hypothalamus ceases to be an exclusive object of research by neuroendocrinologists. An increasing number of brain regions are being drawn into the orbit of neuroendocrine research. Among them, the limbic region of the brain attracts the most attention, an important link of which, participating in the regulation of reproductive functions, is the amygdala complex (MC). Latest fundamental analysis, including structural, concerning histophysiologic and neuroendocrinological approaches are presented in the reviewed book. It must be admitted that the publication of this book is timely. Drawing on many years of experience of their own research and extensive literature, the authors analyze in detail the features of the structural organization of this region of the brain and the mechanisms of its interaction with the centers of the brain that control reproductive function. The book consists of a brief introduction, three main chapters and a conclusion. In addition to a large summary of the cited literature, attracts the attention of a rich and very illustrative material. The latter includes a volumetric reconstruction of the entire MC of the brain and its individual components, the reconstruction of the MC on a series of histological sections, each of which is further reproduced in the form of a schematic diagram, and finally, a series of the most informative sections of the MC, reflecting the main structures of this brain region on the frontal sections. Due to its uniqueness, the illustrative material can be used as an atlas of the structural organization of the MC, and therefore it is of independent value.

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7

Weiss, Alessandro, Davide Tiziano Di Carlo, Paolo Di Russo, Francesco Weiss, Maura Castagna, Mirco Cosottini, and Paolo Perrini. "Microsurgical anatomy of the amygdaloid body and its connections." Brain Structure and Function 226, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 861–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-020-02214-3.

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8

Qu, Yuan, Bichen Ren, Xiaoyu Chang, Jinnan Zhang, Youqiong Li, Haobo Duan, Kailiang Cheng, and Jincheng Wang. "Morphologic Study of Superior Temporal Sulcus–Amygdaloid Body and Lateral Fissure–Amygdaloid Body Surgical Approach by Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volume Rendering." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 27, no. 1 (January 2016): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000002340.

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9

Malis, Milos, Valentina Nikolic, Vuk Djulejic, Dejan Opric, Lukas Rasulic, and Laslo Puskas. "Morphometric characteristics of Neuropeptide Y immunoreactive neurons of human cortical amygdaloid nucleus." Medical review 61, no. 5-6 (2008): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0806235m.

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Introduction Cortical amygdaloid nucleus belongs to the corticomedial part of the amygdaloid complex. In this nucleus there are neurons that produce neuropetide Y. This peptide has important roles in sleeping, learning, memory, gastrointestinal regulation, anxiety, epilepsy, alcoholism and depression. Material and methods We investigated morphometric characteristics (numbers of primary dendrites, longer and shorter diameters of cell bodies and maximal radius of dendritic arborization) of NPY immunoreactive neurons of human cortical amygdaloid nucleus on 6 male adult human brains, aged 46 to 77 years, by immunohistochemical avidin-biotin technique. Results Our investigation has shown that in this nucleus there is a moderate number of NPY immunoreactive neurons. 67% of found neurons were nonpyramidal, while 33% were pyramidal. Among the nonpyramidal neurons the dominant groups were multipolar neurons (41% - of which 25% were multipolar irregular, and 16% multipolar oval). Among the pyramidal neurons the dominant groups were the neurons with triangular shape of cell body (21%). All found NPY immunoreactive neurons (pyramidal and nonpyramidal altogether) had intervals of values of numbers of primary dendrites 2 to 6, longer diameters of cell bodies 13 to 38 ?m, shorter diameters of cell bodies 9 to 20 ?m and maximal radius of dendritic arborization 50 to 340 ?m. More than a half of investigated neurons (57%) had 3 primary dendrites. Discussion and conclusion The other researchers did not find such percentage of pyramidal immunoreactive neurons in this amygdaloid nucleus. If we compare our results with the results of the ather researchers we can conclude that all pyramidal NPY immunoreactive neurons found in this human amygdaloid nucleus belong to the class I of neurons, and that all nonpyramidal NPY immunoreactive neurons belong to the class II of neurons described by other researchers. We suppose that all found pyramidal neurons were projectional.

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10

SAH, P., E. S. L. FABER, M. LOPEZ DE ARMENTIA, and J. POWER. "The Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology." Physiological Reviews 83, no. 3 (July 2003): 803–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00002.2003.

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Sah, P., E. S. L. Faber, M. Lopez de Armentia, and J. Power. The Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology. Physiol Rev 83: 803–834, 2003; 10.1152/physrev.00002.2003.—A converging body of literature over the last 50 years has implicated the amygdala in assigning emotional significance or value to sensory information. In particular, the amygdala has been shown to be an essential component of the circuitry underlying fear-related responses. Disorders in the processing of fear-related information are likely to be the underlying cause of some anxiety disorders in humans such as posttraumatic stress. The amygdaloid complex is a group of more than 10 nuclei that are located in the midtemporal lobe. These nuclei can be distinguished both on cytoarchitectonic and connectional grounds. Anatomical tract tracing studies have shown that these nuclei have extensive intranuclear and internuclear connections. The afferent and efferent connections of the amygdala have also been mapped in detail, showing that the amygdaloid complex has extensive connections with cortical and subcortical regions. Analysis of fear conditioning in rats has suggested that long-term synaptic plasticity of inputs to the amygdala underlies the acquisition and perhaps storage of the fear memory. In agreement with this proposal, synaptic plasticity has been demonstrated at synapses in the amygdala in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In this review, we examine the anatomical and physiological substrates proposed to underlie amygdala function.

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11

Yücel, Kaan, Bahattin Hakyemez, and İbrahim Bora. "Forniceal and hippocampal atrophy in temporal lobe epilepsy patients with a history of complex febrile convulsion." Anatomy 15, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2399/ana.21.909951.

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Objectives: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common seizure type in adults. Recent studies showed that 28–58% of TLE patients had a previous history of complex febrile convulsions (CFC). We compared the hippocampal volumes and volumes of amygdaloid body and widths of fornix and mammillary bodies on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of TLE patients with and without history of CFC. Methods: MRI scans of 42 subjects retrospectively examined. The amount of atrophy in hippocampus, amygdaloid body, fornix and mammillary bodies were determined by two formulas depending on the mean values of the controls. Results: We found no difference between TLE patients with a history of CFC and TLE patients without such a history in terms of all the quantitative measurements results (p>0.05) except the absolute right-left hippocampus volume and fornix % difference rate (p<0.01, p<0.05 respectively). Conclusion: Forniceal atrophy was more prominent in the TLE group of patients with previous CFC history when compared to those patients without a CFC history. The CFCs should not be underestimated in the childhood, as they are associated with more atrophy in the particular brain structures in patients with TLE.

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12

Duan, Haobo, Pei Shang, Peng Bai, Zilu Li, Youqiong Li, Kailiang Cheng, and Meiying Xin. "Research and Clinical Application of Three-Dimensional Location of Amygdaloid Body." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 28, no. 6 (September 2017): e582-e587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000003909.

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13

KING, BRUCE M., JACK T. COOK, KIRK N. ROSSITER, LYNNE M. THEOBOLD, and HOAN SAM. "Posterodorsal Amygdaloid Lesions in Rats: Long-Term Effects on Body Weight." Physiology & Behavior 60, no. 6 (December 1996): 1569–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9384(96)00318-6.

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14

Wojcik, Slawomir, Anna Luczynska, Jerzy Dziewiatkowski, Edyta Spodnik, Beata Ludkiewicz, and Janusz Morys. "Expression of the calcium-binding proteins in the central, medial and cortical nuclei of the rabbit amygdaloid complex during postnatal development." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 73, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 260–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-2013-1935.

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Calbindin-D28k (CB), parvalbumin (PV) and calretinin (CR) are calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) considered to be markers for certain subpopulations of neurons in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of distribution of CB-, PV- and CR-immunoreactive elements in the rabbit corticomedial amygdaloid complex during the postnatal period. The time course of changes in CaBPs expression during maturation of the selected nuclei indicates their diversity. During the first month after birth, CaBPs expression stabilizes earliest in the anterior cortical and then in the medial nuclei. Later, during the second month of postnatal life, the posteromedial and posterolateral cortical nuclei maturate. The central nucleus requires a considerably longer time to reach maturity – about three months are needed to stabilize CaBPs expression in all its subdivisions. This nucleus also shows the most differentiated, time-dependent distribution of CaBPs immunoreactivity (especially CB), distinct in its divisions. The differences in the CaBPs immunoreactivity confirm previous reports concerning dissimilar origin and development, and also reflect the diversity of connectivity of the amygdaloid body – the collection of nuclei, considered as one functional integrity.

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15

Akmaev, I. G., L. B. Kalimullina, and L. A. Sharipova. "The Central Nucleus of the Amygdaloid Body of the Brain: Cytoarchitectonics, Neuronal Organization, Connections." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 34, no. 6 (July 2004): 603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:neab.0000028292.14402.ad.

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16

Kalimullina, L. B., A. V. Akhmadeev, and D. V. Nagaeva. "Electron microscopic characteristics of the dorsomedial nucleus of the amygdaloid body of the Brain." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 30, no. 5 (September 2000): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02462606.

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Puskas, Laslo, Nela Puskas, Slobodan Malobabic, Dragan Krivokuca, Gordana Stankovic, and Vidosava Radonjic. "Characteristics of galanin and vasoactive intestinal peptide immunoreactivity in the rat amygdala complex." Medical review 60, no. 1-2 (2007): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0702019p.

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Introduction Morphological features and morphometric parameters of galanin (GAL) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) immunoreactive neurons and neuronal fibres were studied in all nuclei of adult male rat amygdala. Material and methods After perfusion and fixation, rat brains were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against GAL and VIP and then visualized by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex. Results and Discussion The greatest number of galanin-immunoreactive neurons were identified in the medial part of the central nucleus and in the dorsal part of the medial nucleus. In the first case, most neurons were bipolar (37%), and in the second, they were ovoid (45%). GAL-immunoreactive fibers were identified in the medial nucleus, "bed nucleus" of the accessory olfactory tract, frontal cortical nucleus, amygdalo-hippocampal area and basolateral nucleus. VIP-immunoreactive neurons were diffusely distributed in more nuclei than the previous, mostly in the lateral, basolateral, and basomedial nucleus. They were mostly ovoid (40%). VIP-immunoreactive fibers were observed in the lateral part of the central nucleus, while long and radially oriented fibers were present in the frontal and dorsal cortical nucleus. Conclusion By distribution analysis of GAL and VIP immunoreactive neurons and fibers, and according to literature data, it can be assumed that the medial part of the central nucleus receives VIP fibers from other parts of the amygdaloid body, and then sends GAL fibers to the medial nucleus.

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18

Carlsen, J�rn, and Lennart Heimer. "A correlated light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical study of cholinergic terminals and neurons in the rat amygdaloid body with special emphasis on the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus." Journal of Comparative Neurology 244, no. 1 (February 1, 1986): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.902440110.

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19

Mutalova, L. R., and L. B. Kalimullina. "Neuronal organization of structures in the central part of the amygdaloid body of the brain." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 35, no. 2 (February 2005): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11055-005-0048-7.

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20

Akhmadeev, A. V., and L. B. Kalimullina. "Structural-Functional Organization of Cart Peptide-Expressing Neurons in the Amygdaloid Body of the Brain." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 45, no. 6 (June 16, 2015): 701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11055-015-0131-7.

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Lee, Ho-Joon, and Eung Yeop Kim. "T2 Relaxation Times of the Cingulate Cortex, Amygdaloid Body, Hippocampal Body, and Insular Cortex: Comparison of 1.5 T and 3.0 T." Journal of the Korean Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 15, no. 1 (2011): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.13104/jksmrm.2011.15.1.67.

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22

Akhmadeev, A. V., L. F. Galieva, and L. B. Kalimullina. "The Basolateral Nucleus in the System of Reproductive Centers in the Amygdaloid Body of the Brain." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 46, no. 6 (May 26, 2016): 652–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11055-016-0292-z.

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23

Pillay, Sashrika, Adhil Bhagwandin, Mads F. Bertelsen, Nina Patzke, Gerhard Engler, Andreas K. Engel, and Paul R. Manger. "The amygdaloid body of two carnivore species: The feliform banded mongoose and the caniform domestic ferret." Journal of Comparative Neurology 529, no. 1 (October 20, 2020): 28–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.25046.

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24

Minibaeva, Z. R., and L. B. Kalimullina. "Electron Microscopic Characterization of Neurons in the Anterior Part of the Amygdaloid Body of the Rat Brain." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 34, no. 1 (January 2004): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:neab.0000003248.72011.17.

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Płaznik, Adam, Wojciech Danysz, and Wojciech Kostowski. "Some behavioral effects of microinjections of noradrenaline and serotonin into the amygdaloid body of the rat brain." Physiology & Behavior 34, no. 4 (April 1985): 481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(85)90037-x.

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Gorbachevskaya, A. I. "Projections of the amygdaloid body and dopaminergic mesencephalic formations in the entopeduncular nucleus of the cat brain." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 27, no. 2 (March 1997): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02461953.

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Akhmadeev, A. V., A. M. Fedorova, and L. B. Kalimullina. "Quantitative Structural Characteristics of the Amygdaloid Body and Primary Somatosensory Cortex in Rats with Different Alcohol Preferences." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 45, no. 1 (December 14, 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11055-014-0031-2.

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JACOBS, C., W. VANDENBROECK, and P. SIMOENS. "Increased volume and neuronal number of the basolateral nuclear group of the amygdaloid body in aggressive dogs." Behavioural Brain Research 170, no. 1 (June 3, 2006): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2006.02.011.

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Anderson, Adam K., and Elizabeth A. Phelps. "Expression Without Recognition: Contributions of the Human Amygdala to Emotional Communication." Psychological Science 11, no. 2 (March 2000): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00224.

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A growing body of evidence from humans and other animals suggests the amygdala may be a critical neural substrate for emotional processing. In particular, recent studies have shown that damage to the human amygdala impairs the normal appraisal of social signals of emotion, primarily those of fear. However, effective social communication depends on both the ability to receive (emotional appraisal) and the ability to send (emotional expression) signals of emotional state. Although the role of the amygdala in the appraisal of emotion is well established, its importance for the production of emotional expressions is unknown. We report a case study of a patient with bilateral amygdaloid damage who, despite a severe deficit in interpreting facial expressions of emotion including fear, exhibits an intact ability to express this and other basic emotions. This dissociation suggests that a single neural module does not support all aspects of the social communication of emotional state.

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Berdel, B. "Acetylcholinesterase activity as a marker of maturation of the basolateral complex of the amygdaloid body in the rat." International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience 14, no. 5 (October 25, 1996): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0736-5748(96)00060-3.

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Gorbachevskaya, A. I. "Projections of the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and amygdaloid body to the pallidum in the dog brain." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 30, no. 1 (January 2000): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02461399.

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Berdel, Bożena, Janusz Moryś, Beata Maciejewska, and Olgierd Narkiewicz. "Acetylcholinesterase activity as a marker of maturation of the basolateral complex of the amygdaloid body in the rat." International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience 14, no. 5 (August 1996): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0736-5748(96)00060-3.

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33

Shibata, Kazuhiko, Yasufumi Kataoka, Kimihiro Yamashita, and Showa Ueki. "An important role of the central amygdaloid nucleus and mammillary body in the mediation of conflict behavior in rats." Brain Research 372, no. 1 (April 1986): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(86)91470-8.

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Gorbachevskaya, A. I. "Afferent connections of the nucleus accumbens with the amygdaloid body and the dopaminergic mesencephalic formations of the cat brain." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 21, no. 6 (November 1991): 540–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01185947.

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Jacobs, C., W. Van Den Broeck, and P. Simoens. "Quantification of neurons expressing androgen receptor and volume estimation of the basolateral nuclear group of the canine amygdaloid body." Brain Research Protocols 15, no. 2 (July 2005): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.04.004.

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Lyubashina, O. A., A. A. Dorofeeva, E. B. Pluzhnichenko, and S. S. Panteleev. "Location of Neurons in the Central Nucleus of the Amygdaloid Body Projecting to the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 40, no. 1 (December 11, 2009): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11055-009-9218-3.

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37

Iwata, Jiro, Joseph E. LeDoux, Mary P. Meeley, Stephen Arneric, and Donald J. Reis. "Intrinsic neurons in the amygdaloid field projected to by the medial geniculate body mediate emotional responses conditioned to acoustic stimuli." Brain Research 383, no. 1-2 (September 1986): 195–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(86)90020-x.

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Akhmadeev, A. V. "Localization of CART-Positive Neurons in the Amygdaloid Body and the Relationship between Their Immunoreactivity and the Sex Steroid Level." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 40, no. 4 (March 26, 2010): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11055-010-9275-7.

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Anderzhanova, E. E., V. S. Kudrin, and S. T. Wotjak. "Effects of the Endocannabinoid Anandamide on the Efficiency of Noradrenergic Neurotransmission in the Amygdaloid Body in Acute Stress in Mice." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 50, no. 6 (July 2020): 787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11055-020-00966-3.

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Akhmadeev, A. V., and L. B. Kalimullina. "Structural and Quantitative Characteristics of the Dendrites of Neurons in the Posterior Zone of the Amygdaloid Body in the Rat Brain." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 34, no. 7 (September 2004): 683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:neab.0000036007.67406.28.

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Gorbachevskaya, A. I. "The projections of the amygdaloid body and the dopaminergic mesencephalic formations to the dorsal and ventral pallidum of the cat brain." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 23, no. 2 (March 1993): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01189108.

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Nagai, M., K. Kishi, and S. Kato. "Insular cortex and neuropsychiatric disorders: A review of recent literature." European Psychiatry 22, no. 6 (April 9, 2007): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.02.006.

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AbstractThe insular cortex is located in the centre of the cerebral hemisphere, having connections with the primary and secondary somatosensory areas, anterior cingulate cortex, amygdaloid body, prefrontal cortex, superior temporal gyrus, temporal pole, orbitofrontal cortex, frontal and parietal opercula, primary and association auditory cortices, visual association cortex, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and motor cortex. Accordingly, dense connections exist among insular cortex neurons. The insular cortex is involved in the processing of visceral sensory, visceral motor, vestibular, attention, pain, emotion, verbal, motor information, inputs related to music and eating, in addition to gustatory, olfactory, visual, auditory, and tactile data. In this article, the literature on the relationship between the insular cortex and neuropsychiatric disorders was summarized following a computer search of the Pub-Med database. Recent neuroimaging data, including voxel based morphometry, PET and fMRI, revealed that the insular cortex was involved in various neuropsychiatric diseases such as mood disorders, panic disorders, PTSD, obsessive-compulsive disorders, eating disorders, and schizophrenia. Investigations of functions and connections of the insular cortex suggest that sensory information including gustatory, olfactory, visual, auditory, and tactile inputs converge on the insular cortex, and that these multimodal sensory information may be integrated there.

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Flegontova, V. V. "Structural organization of the thoracic nucleus of the spinal cord of the cat after destruction of the amygdaloid body of the brain." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 29, no. 4 (July 1999): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02461081.

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Gorbachevskaya, A. I. "Projections of the amygdaloid body, ventral tegmental area, and substantia nigra to various segments of the nucleus accumbens in the dog brain." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 28, no. 6 (November 1998): 715–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02462995.

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Akhmadeev, A. V., and L. B. Kalimullina. "Cytoarchitectonics and Neuronal Organization of the Basolateral Nucleus of the Amygdaloid Body of the Brain in Rats Preferring and Not Preferring Alcohol." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 47, no. 6 (June 20, 2017): 617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11055-017-0443-x.

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Kryzhanovskii, G. N., and V. I. Rodina. "Emotional-behavioral disorders in rats on creation of a generator of pathologically enhanced excitation in the basomedial nuclei of the amygdaloid body." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 104, no. 3 (September 1987): 1192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00841988.

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Akhmadeev, A. V., and L. B. Kalimullina. "Dendroarchitectonics of neurons in the posterior cortical nucleus of the amygdaloid body of the rat brain as influenced by gender and neonatal androgenization." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 35, no. 4 (May 2005): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11055-005-0039-8.

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Akhmadeev, A. V., L. B. Kalimullina, L. B. Kalimullina, and A. V. Akhmadeyev. "ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NEUROENDOCRINE NEURONSOF THE AMYGDALOID BODY OF THE BRAININ MALE AND FEMALE RATS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF ESTROUS CYCLE." Morphology 130, no. 6 (December 15, 2006): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/morph.402441.

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Ultrastructural characteristics of neuroendocrine neurons were studied in amygdala dorsomedial nucleus (DMN), which is one of main zones of sexual dimorphism, in 12 Wistar rats with the body mass of 250-300 g, 3 males and 9 females at different stages of the estrous cycle. In each animal, an average of 50 DMN neurons were examined and their functional state was analyzed on the basis of their ultrastructural characteristics. Morpho-functional classification is proposed, that reflects hormone-dependent variations in neuronal activity. It was established that DMN neurons could be found in different structural and functional states, that may be classified as the state of rest, moderate activity, increased activity, stress (peak activity), decrease in activity (two types), return to an initial state and apoptosis. At the stage of estrus, the neurons in the state of increased activity (40% of the total population) and peak activity (26%) were found to prevail. In metestrus, most of the neurons were in the state of type I decrease in activity (with an increase in nuclear heterochromatin content - 30% of the cells); peak activity and increased activity were found in 25% and 20% of neurons, respectively. In diestrus, the neurons in the state of rest, moderate and increased activity, peak activity and type I decrease in activity were represented in approximately equal proportions (18%, 21%, 18%, 20% and 16%, respectively). In males, 35% and 22% of neurons, respectively, were found in the state of increased activity and peak activity. Neuronal death was detected only in males.

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Korolev, A. G., A. V. Novoseletskaya, and N. M. Kiseleva. "STUDY OF Na/K-ATPhase α-SUBUNIT DISTRIBUTION IN RAT CEREBRAL STRUCTURES IN PARKINSON-LIKE SYNDROME MODEL AND AFTER THYMUS HORMONE CORRECTION." Russian Journal of Immunology 23, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-004-son.

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Here we examined distribution of Na/K-ATPhase α-subunit in rat cerebral structures, which activity changes in Parkinson-like syndrome. The study was aimed at analyzing quantitative change in diverse different isoforms of Na/K-ATPhase α-subunit in model of Parkinson-like syndrome as well as after refining it by using thymus hormone thymulin. The study was performed on 42 sixweek-old Wistar rats males by dividing animals into 3 groups: 2 experimental and 1 control group. To simulate Parkinson-like syndrome, a solution of 1-methyl 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was administered intranasally. 10 days after MPTP inoculation, thymus hormone thymulin was abdominally administered to animals in one experimental group for 5 days. It was demonstrated that level of tissue-specific isoforms of Na/K-ATPhase α-subunit was peaked in hypothalamus, amygdaloid body and striatum, the minimal level was observed in medial prefrontal and prefrontal cortex. It was estimated that in MPTP-stimulated model of Parkinson’s disease, the level of Na/K-ATPhase α1-subunit was significantly higher in striatum, amount of α2-subunits was decreased in the hippocampus, whereas the level of α3-subunit was elevated in the cerebellum compared to control group. Administration of thymus hormone thymulin corrected changes in level of α1, α2 and α3-subunits observed after exposure to neurotoxin.

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Akhmadeev, A. V. "Effects of the gender factor and neonatal androgenization on the dendroarchitectonics of neurons in the dorsomedial nucleus of the amygdaloid body of the brain." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 37, no. 5 (June 2007): 531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11055-007-0048-x.

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