Journal articles: 'Ampoule method'

1

McDowell, William H., Jonathan J. Cole, and Charles T. Driscoll. "Simplified Version of the Ampoule–Persulfate Method for Determination of Dissolved Organic Carbon." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-029.

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A simplified method for the determination of dissolved organic carbon is based upon the ampoule–persulfate wet digestion procedure. The modification proposed involves use of a continuous stream of sparging gas (technical grade oxygen) during the ampoule sealing process to minimize entry of combustion products from the sealing flame. The method provides reliable results with a minimum of training and equipment compared with other methods of sealing ampoules. Further, the proposed method is inexpensive, relatively simple, and compares favorably with costly, automated analysis of dissolved organic carbon.

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Koloskova, G. M., and V. Yu Koloskov. "Modelling of impact of temperature gradient on content of polymer ampoule during its forming." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 1, no. 100 (May 1, 2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1958.

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Purpose: The aim of the represented study was to model the impact of temperature gradient on content of polymer ampoule during its forming. Design/methodology/approach: The model of polymer ampoules forming is built in SolidWorks software on the basis of finite element method. Using the developed model the study of temperature condition changes is carried out. Numerical modelling was carried out for two types of polymer packaging materials – polypropylene and polyvinylchloride – in similar conditions. Findings: During polymer ampoule forming the highest temperature of liquid is obtained at the bottom of it. The most effective packaging method is to form the ampoule from polypropylene by means of aluminium die. Investigation results have shown that the highest obtained liquid temperature has linear dependence from initial one. Linear coefficients of heating were evaluated for polypropylene (equal to 0.72) and polyvinylchloride (equal to 0.58). Practical implications: Decrease of initial liquid temperature value gives an opportunity to expand the range of products allowed to be packed in polymer ampoules in represented method. Safe conditions for packaging of liquid products in polymer ampoules are formulated, The results of the study may be used to improve the quality of liquid products packaging in polymer ampoules. Originality/value: For the first time the model was developed for determination of liquid heating degree during its packaging in polymer ampoules. The calculations of the temperature distribution are represented for polypropylene and polyvinylchloride ampoules forming by means of aluminium and ceramic dies. The results of the study may be of interest to specialists in the field of polymer packaging manufacturing for food or pharmaceutical industry.

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Wang, Kai Bao, Qiu Xiao Yang, Guang Hao Song, Bo Wang, and Wen Kai Ma. "Design and Research on Automatic Opening Device for the Medical Ampoule." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 1912–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.1912.

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In various medical institutions, the ampoule is an essential container in daily medical operations. The automatic opening device for medical ampoule based on optimization design method and dynamics analysis is introduced in the paper. The automatic opening device can be used in the place of hospitals and clinics and fitted for different specifications of the ampoule. The necessary operational process that included nick, disinfection and break in the work of ampoule opening was integrated in the device. The work efficiency was improved greatly through the mechanisms arranged in circular. In the process of using, all ampoules kept an intermittent motion in a circulation under the control of transmission unit. The process of automatic opening will be completed in its cyclical-intermittent motion in about 30 seconds. In the research, the virtual prototype technology was used to simulate the kinematics and dynamics characteristics of the mechanical system. The feasibility of the design scheme of mechanical system was proved with the simulation analysis results. The equipment has advantages of the structure is compact, safe and reliable, easy to use. The research of the automatic opening device for the medical ampoule can be regarded as the reference of the related research.

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Hubbard, A. R. "Standardization of Protein C in Plasma: Establishment of an International Standard." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 59, no. 03 (1988): 464–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1647516.

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SummaryAn international collaborative study, involving 18 laboratories, was carried out to establish an international standard for protein C in plasma. The proposed standard, which consisted of a freeze-dried ampouled plasma preparation coded 86/622, was assayed against fresh normal plasma and the participants’ local standards. Protein C activity assays were placed in four groups, depending on the method of activation and detection of protein C. The combined potencies (units per ampoule) for the proposed international standard were: thrombin activation/clottirg assays, 0.86; thrombin activation/chromogenic assays, 0.81; snake venom activation/clotting assays, 0.81 and snake venom activation/chromogenic assays, 0.82. Measurement of protein C antigen gave potency estimates of 0.81 and 0.82 units per ampoule for the Laurell electroimmunoassay and ELISA techniques, respectively. The good agreement in potency estimates between the different methods indicates that the overall combined figure (226 assays) for the international standard of 0.82 international units per ampoule should serve for all methods. Accelerated degradation studies have indicated that the standard should be suitably stable when stored at −20° C.The freeze-dried plasma 86/622 has been established by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization as the 1st International Standard for Protein C in Plasma, with an assigned unitage of 0.82 international units per ampoule.

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Merriman, S., M. J. Paech, and A. D. Keil. "Bacterial Contamination in Solution Aspirated from Non-Sterile Packaged Fentanyl Ampoules: A Laboratory Study." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 37, no. 4 (July 2009): 608–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0903700413.

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Iatrogenic meningitis is a rare complication of spinal anaesthesia. It is mandatory to use a technique which minimises the risk of introducing bacteria into the subarachnoid space. Currently available fentanyl ampoules require a careful drawing-up technique, as the outside of the ampoule is not sterile and there is potential to contaminate the contents in the drawing-up process. We designed a pilot laboratory study to determine the extent of bacterial contamination of fentanyl solutions drawn up from non-sterile packaged glass fentanyl ampoules using three different methods: aspirating through a 5 μm filter needle only, aspirating through a 5 μm filter needle after swabbing the neck of the ampoule with isopropyl alcohol and aspirating through an antibacterial filter in addition to the 5 μm filter needle. Ten anaesthetists used each method once, in randomised order, to draw up solution from three different fentanyl ampoules. Samples underwent bacterial culture in blood agar and enrichment broth for 48 hours. No significant growth was seen in any sample. This pilot study did not identify any bacterial contamination of fentanyl solution irrespective of which of the three methods for aspiration was used.

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Takano, Naoki, Hitoshi Kohri, and Takayoshi Yagasaki. "The Synthesis of In-Se by Vapor Transport Method." Advances in Science and Technology 77 (September 2012): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.77.291.

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The α and β phases of In2Se3 are attractive thermophotovolβtaic (TPV) materials. For example, they have a direct transition and an optimal bandgap for TPV systems. We investigated about the influence of the growth conditions on the crystal forms of In-Se prepared by vapor transport. Firstly, only bulk In2Se3 was encapsulated in a quartz ampoule and crystals were grown by vapor transport. Hollow hexagonal cylinders that were approximately 10 μm in diagonal dimension were obtained. They were identified as a mixed phase of In2Se3 by XRD. Secondly, the deposition surface configuration was varied by using an ampoule with a smaller internal diameter and a silicon oxide substrate. Hollow hexagonal cylinders that were approximately 20 μm in diagonal dimension were obtained on the inner wall of the ampoule with a smaller internal diameter. Solid hexagonal crystals of approximately 10 μm in diagonal dimension grew perpendicular to the silicon oxide substrate, whereas hollow hexagonal cylinders grew on the inner wall of the ampoule. Finally, the surface energy of the deposition surface was varied for silicon substrate. Nanoparticles with diameters of approximately 50 nm were sparsely deposited on the textured silicon surface.

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Storring, P. L., and R. E. Gaines Das. "The International Standard for Recombinant DNA-derived Erythropoietin: collaborative study of four recombinant DNA-derived erythropoietins and two highly purified human urinary erythropoietins." Journal of Endocrinology 134, no. 3 (September 1992): 459–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1340459.

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ABSTRACT The International Standard (IS) for Recombinant DNA-Derived (rDNA) Erythropoietin (EPO) (in ampoules coded 87/684) and three other rDNA EPO preparations in ampoules coded 87/690, 87/696 and 88/574 respectively, were compared with two preparations of highly purified human urinary (HU) EPO and the 2nd International Reference Preparation of Human Urinary Erythropoietin for Bioassay (2nd IRP) by 26 laboratories in 11 countries using a wide range of in-vivo and in-vitro bioassays and immunoassays. These EPO preparations were also compared by electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. Estimates of EPO content in terms of the 2nd IRP by all in-vivo bioassay methods gave combined unweighted geometric means (with 95% fiducial limits) of: 86 (75–99) IU/ampoule for the IS, 81 (70–94) IU/ampoule for 87/690, 58 (48–71) IU/ampoule for 87/696 and 120 (100–143) IU/ampoule for 88/574. Mean estimates of EPO content in terms of the 2nd IRP by in-vitro bioassays (except receptor assays) were larger than, and those by immunoassays were similar to, the mean estimates by in-vivo bioassays. The use of purified rDNA or HU EPO as standards in place of the 2nd IRP reduced the inter-laboratory variability of estimates of purified EPO preparations by in-vivo and in-vitro bioassays and by immunoassays, and reduced the variability of overall mean estimates for each of these preparations between the three types of method. The inter-laboratory variability of immunoassay estimates of human serum EPO was similar whether the 2nd IRP or one of the purified EPOs was used as standard. Significant differences in in-vivo and in-vitro biological, immunological and physicochemical properties were found between these four rDNA EPO preparations and between them and the HU EPO in the two purified preparations and in the 2nd IRP. There were also differences between the immunoreactivities of the two serum EPO samples included in the study, and between them and the immunoreactivities of the purified EPOs. The differences between rDNA EPOs appeared to be related to differences between the cells used for their biosynthesis, but may also be the result of differences in purification methods and of inter-batch variations. Significant differences in assay specificity were observed within each of the three general types of method. The specificity of the in-vivo bioassays was influenced by the route of hormone administration. The specificities of the mouse spleen cell in-vitro bioassays differed from that of the mouse spleen receptor-binding assay. The specificity of one-site immunoassays differed with the type of EPO used as antigen or tracer, with most notable differences between assays using antisera to rDNA and HU EPO. Two-site immunoassays gave significantly lower estimates for serum EPO than one-site immunoassays. On the basis of these results, the World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee on Biological Standardization established the preparation in ampoules coded 87/684 as the International Standard for Recombinant DNA-Derived Erythropoietin with an activity of 86 IU Erythropoietin, rDNA-Derived, per ampoule. It also recommended that the WHO keep under consideration the establishment of separate standards for naturally occurring EPO and for rDNA EPO produced in different cell lines. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 134, 459–484

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Jin, Min, Jia Yue Xu, Qing Bo He, Yong Zheng Fang, Hui Shen, Zhan Yong Wang, and Guo Jian Jiang. "Growth of Undoped GaAs Single Crystal by Pulling-Down Method." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 1213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.1213.

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Undoped GaAs single crystal has been grown in PBN crucibles by the pulling-down method. The temperature profile of the furnace was optimized with a narrow melting zone and a small temperature gradient at the solid-liquid interface. Quartz ampoules were used to protect the evaporation of As during the growth and the deformation of the ampoule was discussed as a function of temperature, time and pressure differential. A Ø56 mm×70 mm GaAs crystal with nearly 100 % single crystalline yield was obtained. X-ray rocking curve analysis revealed the excellent crystalline quality. The average EPD and electrical properties of the crystal were tested comparable to those of the crystal produced by the VGF method. Therefore, the pulling down method was a feasible approach for GaAs crystal production.

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Storring, PL, and RE Gaines Das. "The fourth International Standard for Human Urinary FSH and LH: specificities of LH seminal vesicle weight gain assays in the collaborative study differ between laboratories." Journal of Endocrinology 171, no. 1 (October 1, 2001): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1710119.

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The fourth International Standard for Human Urinary FSH and LH (IS; in ampoules coded 98/704) was compared with the third International Standard for Urinary FSH and LH (IS 71/264) by 10 laboratories in nine countries, using FSH and LH in vivo bioassays. Estimates of the FSH content of the IS by augmented ovarian weight gain assays were homogeneous within each laboratory and over all laboratories. The combined weighted geometric mean estimate of FSH content of the IS (with 95% fiducial limits) in terms of IS 71/264 was 71.9 (69.0-74.9) IU/ampoule. Although estimates by seminal vesicle weight gain (SVW) assays of the relative LH activities of the IS and IS 71/264 were homogeneous within laboratories, estimates were heterogeneous between laboratories. This indicated differences between the spectrum of LH isoforms in the IS and IS 71/264, which were obtained from different manufacturers, and differences between the specificities of SVW assays performed in different laboratories. The differences between the specificities of SVW assays appeared to be related to interactions among mean laboratory seminal vesicle weights, age and genetic strain of rat. The finding of inter-laboratory differences in the specificities of SVW assays is of some significance, as this assay method has been generally adopted by Pharmacopoeias for the control of the LH content of therapeutic products. The combined unweighted geometric mean estimate of LH content of the IS (with 95% fiducial limits) in terms of IS 71/264 by SVW and ovarian ascorbate depletion assays was 70.2 (61.7-80.0) IU/ampoule. Estimates of the FSH and LH content of ampoules of the IS kept at increased temperatures suggested that the IS would be adequately stable under normal storage conditions. On the basis of these results, the World Health Organization Expert Committee on Biological Standardization established the preparation in ampoules coded 98/704 as the fourth International Standard for Human Urinary FSH and LH, and assigned to the contents of each ampoule an activity of 72 International Units of urinary FSH and an activity of 70 International Units of urinary LH.

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Ivanova, O. V., S. A. Zelepugin, A. S. Yunoshev, and V. V. Sil’vestrov. "Experimental and Numerical Research in Explosive Loading of Two- and Three-Component Solid Mixtures." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 16, no. 1 (December 22, 2013): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj162.

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We have conducted experimental and numerical research in two- and three-component solid mixtures placed into a cylindrical recovery ampoule under explosive loading. Behavior of the mixture is described by a mathematical model of a multicomponent medium. In the model, every component of a mixture simultaneously occupies the same volume as the mixture. Components interact with each other, exchanging momentum, energy, and mass (if the chemical reaction between the components occurs). An equality of components’ pressure is chosen as a condition for joint deformation of components. Finite element method is used for solving the problems. We considered experimentally and numerically explosive loading of the<br />aluminum-sulfur mixture, and explosive compaction of the aluminum-sulfur-carbon mixture in a cylindrical steel ampoule. The inert substance (graphite) was added to the mixture to avoid the reaction between aluminum and sulfur. Most of the focus is on simulating the action of explosion products on the ampoule.<br />In the computations the actions of the detonation products surrounding the ampoule was simulated by the action of pressure on the upper part of the ampoule in a vertical (axial) direction and on the lateral surface of the ampoule in a horizontal (radial) direction. We varied the thickness of the explosive that acts on the upper part of the ampoule in the axial direction in order to study the influence of the parameter on a final shape and size of the ampoule. We founded the essential influence of the thickness of the explosive layer on the final result of explosive compaction. Insufficient thickness of explosives, as well as the excessive thickness may be a reason for an incompletely compacted final product or lead to the formation of cracks or damage.<br /><br />

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Lee, Sergey, Mi-Ock Mun, Myoung-Kwang Bae, and Sung-Ik Lee. "Fabrication of the HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+x phase by the ampoule method." Synthetic Metals 71, no. 1-3 (April 1995): 1569–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(94)02953-v.

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Rodrigues Witkouskas, Francine, Patricia Magnabosco, Luana Gabriele Souza Alves, Simone de Godoy, and Leila Maria Marchi-Alves. "RESIDUAL VOLUME OF AMPOULE-VIALS AND UNDERDOSING OF MEDICATIONS PREPARED BY A NURSING STAFF." Cogitare Enfermagem, no. 27 (August 17, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/ce.v27i0.86908.

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Objective: Identify the residual volume in ampoule-vials after the preparation of injectables, associating the errors related to underdosing with the classes of drugs. Method: This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Data were collected between December 2020 and September 2021, in a private outpatient service located in a Brazilian municipality in the northeast of the state of São Paulo. A total of 562 ampoule-vials of medications prepared by a nursing staff were analyzed. A form was used containing the commercial name of the medication, therapeutic class/indication, reconstitution date and time, volume used to reconstitute the medication and residual volume of each vial. The data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the ANOVA test. Results: theresidual volume of 462 (82.2%) ampoule-vials varied between 0.1 ml and 1.5 ml, whereas 165 (29.4%) ampoule-vials had 0.2 ml of residual volume, with a mean loss of 4.5% of the solution. There was no difference in the loss of solution between the different classes of drugs. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for interventions to reduce failures in the medication preparation phases, with emphasis on errors associated with therapeutic underdosing.

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Ai, Qing, Peifeng Chen, Yuxiang Feng, and Yebin Xu. "Enhanced crystalline perfection and fluorescence properties of p-terphenyl single crystals grown by the vertical Bridgman technique with a novel modified growth vessel." Journal of Applied Crystallography 50, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057671700005x.

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During the growth process of organic crystals, it is easy to induce thermal defects and impurities when using the conventional Bridgman technique. In the present study, a specially designed double-wall ampoule was used to solve this problem. High-quality p-terphenyl single crystals were successfully grown by the vertical Bridgman method with the improved ampoule. Powder X-ray diffraction analyses were performed to evaluate the crystallinity of the grown single crystals. Fluorescence spectrum studies show an enhancement of fluorescence properties due to the improvement in crystalline perfection.

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KUCHERENKO, Yu A., A. P. PYLAEV, V. D. MURZAKOV, V. N. POPOV, V. E. SAVEL'EV, A. A. TYAKTEV, and O. R. KOMAROV. "Rayleigh–Taylor turbulent mixing evolution under a shock influence." Laser and Particle Beams 18, no. 2 (April 2000): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600182011.

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At the installation SOM, the experimental study of the impulse acceleration influence on the behavior of the turbulized layer obtained as a result of Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI) action on the system of two different density liquids with the density ratio n = 3, has been performed. After application of impulse acceleration the systems were moving according to inertia, and by using the light method the coordinates of penetration of the heavier liquid into the lighter one and vice versa were determined. The liquids studied were placed inside the ampoule that had internal working sizes (54 × 64 × 120) mm3. There were initial accidental perturbations like a rough solid surface at the interface and the width of the initial perturbation zone was L0 = 2.3 mm. The moving ampoule blow against metal plates created the impulse acceleration. The relative impulse acceleration was δg/g11 = 22.2–66.6 where g11 is the ampoule acceleration before the impact, the impulse duration was varied from 0.27 ms to 0.096 ms. The results concerned with the turbulized layer extension after the impulse acceleration action were obtained.

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Whitton, C. M., D. Sands, P. J. Gaffney, and A. R. Hubbard. "A Collaborative Study to Establish the 2nd International Standard for Fibrinogen, Plasma." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 84, no. 08 (2000): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1614005.

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SummaryAn International Collaborative Study involving 12 laboratories in 7 different countries was undertaken in order to replace the 1st International Standard (IS) for Fibrinogen, Plasma (89/644). The candidate replacement standard was the ampouled and freeze-dried residue of solvent/detergent treated plasma and was calibrated as coded duplicates (A and B) versus the 1st IS Fibrinogen, Plasma by automated Clauss assay and by a recommended clot collection (gravimetric) assay. This latter method had been used to calibrate the 1st IS Fibrinogen, Plasma.Comparing the ratios of the potency estimates of sample A to sample B (the coded duplicates), all of the laboratories obtained a ratio within 5% of the expected value of 1.0 by automated Clauss assay, which suggests that the laboratories were able to perform this assay well. Scrutiny of the data obtained from the gravimetric assays revealed that in almost all cases the results were invalid. The results of these assays are included in this report but clearly should be treated with caution and indeed produced significantly lower mean estimates of potency than the other assay methods. The overall geometric mean of all estimates of potency of the proposed 2nd IS Fibrinogen, Plasma (98/612) is 2.19 mg/ampoule by the automated Clauss assay. These data have been presented to the Fibrinogen Sub-Committee of the Standardisation and Scientific Committee (SSC) of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) (Washington, DC, August 1999), which recommended the establishment of 98/612 as the 2nd IS Fibrinogen, Plasma. This report has been presented to the Expert Committee on Biological Standardisation of the World Health Organisation (ECBS-WHO) at their 1999 session and 98/612 was established as the 2nd IS Fibrinogen, Plasma with a potency of 2.2 mg/ ampoule.

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Karuppasamy, P., T. Kamalesh, Muthu Senthil Pandian, P. Ramasamy, and Sunil Verma. "Immersing ampoule Sankaranarayanan–Ramasamy (ISR) method: Unidirectional high-quality single crystal growth." Journal of Crystal Growth 577 (January 2022): 126401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2021.126401.

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Yip, L. S., I. Shih, and C. H. Champness. "Method of avoiding ampoule adhesion of ingots in Bridgman growth of CuInSe2." Journal of Crystal Growth 129, no. 1-2 (March 1993): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(93)90438-3.

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Mardanly, S. G., and A. S. Avdonina. "Immune blotting as a method for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 65, no. 11 (December 4, 2020): 693–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2084-2020-65-11-693-698.

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Test kit for detection of IgG-antibodies to individual antigens of Toxoplasma gondii by immune blotting («Western blot» format) has been developed. Laboratory testing with first international WHO standard «Anti-toxoplasma serum (IgG), human, Lyophilized, 20 IU / ampoule» (NIBSC, Great Britain) demonstrated the analytical sensitivity of the new kit equal to 10 IU / ml. Study of the diagnostic efficiency of the new kit showed its high sensitivity, equal to 98.51 - 100%, and high specificity, equal to 99.5 - 100%. New test kit is intended for confirmatory testing in laboratory diagnostics of toxoplasmosis.

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Yu, Peng, Xuefeng Huang, Youping Gong, and Shengji Li. "Stress Intensity Factor and Shape Coefficient Correction of Non-Penetrating Three-Dimensional Crack for Brittle Ampoule Bottle with V-Shaped Notch." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 22, 2022): 5246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12105246.

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The automatic opening of an ampoule bottle is key to making the operation of the sterility inspection automatic. During the automatic opening, the fracture characteristics on the neck of ampoule bottle need to be deeply understood to avoid the contamination of the samples by preventing the glass fragments from dropping into the ampoule bottle. This paper presents the calculation of fracture characteristic parameters, such as the coefficient K of the stress intensity factor (SIF) and the coefficient F of shape factor (shape coefficient), based on the finite element method (FEM) for a non-penetrating three-dimensional crack. Mechanical and mesh models were built for the special structure of an ampoule bottle with a V-shaped notch, and the influence of mesh size on the coefficient K was evaluated. The mathematical expressions of stress intensity factor and shape coefficient of three types of cracks were established. The results demonstrate that the crack ellipticity (a/c) and crack relative depth (a/t) have significant effects on the KI, KII, and KIII of the SIFs. The KI plays a dominant role, which follows a symmetrical distribution at the symmetrical position on both sides of the deepest crack point, whereas the KII and KIII can be negligible. The corrected shape coefficient FI decreases with increasing ellipticity a/c and increases with increasing relative depth a/t under the combined tensile stress and bending loads. The comparison to the literature shows the calculation of the corrected shape coefficient has a high accuracy based on the FEM, which will be applicable and reliable for non-penetrating three-dimensional cracks.

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Trofimchuk, V., V. Nasonov, Y. Pesnya, K. Glyva, and Yu Matveev. "CALCULATION ESTIMATION OF THE REQUIRED HEAT GENERATION IN TESTING FUEL ELEMENTS TO ACHIEVE SUPERCRITICAL PARAMETERS OF THE COOLANT UNDER IRRADIATION IN THE RESEARCH NUCLEAR REACTOR." PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. SERIES: NUCLEAR AND REACTOR CONSTANTS 2021, no. 4 (December 26, 2021): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.55176/2414-1038-2021-4-63-71.

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The paper considers the possibility of achieving the required neutron-physical parameters during irradiation of experimental fuel elements circumfluent with a SCW parameters coolant in the RR IR-8 in order to study the behavior of fuel element cladding under the influence of reactor radiation and coolant with SCW parameters under conditions closest to real operation in nuclear power plant. The possibility of carrying out such experiments in the RR IR-8 will make it possible to contribute to the development of new generation IV nuclear power plants, one of the areas of which is a reactor with super-critical parameters coolant. This direction is promising, as the use of the SCW coolant technology will increase the efficiency of the reactors by 10-12 %. Irradiation experiments in RR IR-8 are carried out using experimental ampoule rigs. During developing the design of an ampoule rig with experimental fuel elements, it is required to provide the necessary heat transfer from the fuel element to the water of the reactor pool, and to maintain the pressure of the SCW coolant by the structure of the ampoule rig vessel. The calculations of heat release in the experimental fuel elements and the accumulation of fluence in the cladding were carried out using the MCU-PTR code with the MDBPT-50 database, which implements the Monte Carlo method. The assessment of heat release in fuel elements during irradiation of an ampoule rig in the cells of the IR-8 core and reflector was carried out. The calculation results of heat release in experimental fuel elements and fast neutron fluxes in the cladding during irradiation in the central channels of fuel assemblies and special blocks made of aluminum, stainless steel, as well as water are presented. An assessment of the contribution of heat release from gamma heating of the ampoule rig structure elements was carried out, which showed that the amount of heat release can be comparable with the energy release due to the fuel fission reaction in an experimental fuel element, which must be taken into account when calculating the temperature irradiation regimes of experimental fuel elements. Obtained results showed the principle possibility of achievement the parameters of the SCW coolant in the ampoule rig on the outer surface of the experimental fuel elements cladding in the RR IR 8.

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Liu, Jing, and Yu Zhang. "Numerical Simulations and Experimental Investigations on Lead Iodide Single Crystals Growth." Materials Science Forum 873 (September 2016): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.873.58.

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Lead iodide (PbI2) single crystal for room temperature radiation detectors are mainly produced by Vertical Bridgman (VB) method. Computer simulations of the VB method could be an effective tool to optimize the growth process and reduce the production costs. In the present study, we applied the general Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code to solute the quasi-static two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric model of the VB ampoule filled with PbI2 melt and direct the growth of high quality PbI2 single crystals with a diameter of 15 mm. The thermal conductivity and latent heat generation during the crystallization is considered in the numerical model. We focused on the crystal-melt interface deflection. The results demonstrated that the ampoule with 15 mm diameter is better than that of 30 mm. The experimental results showed that the single crystal with 15 mm diameter exhibited high electrical resistivity (109 Ωcm).

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Lan, X. K., J. M. Khodadadi, P. D. Jones, and L. Wang. "Numerical Study of Melting of Large-Diameter Crystals Using an Orbital Solar Concentrator." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 117, no. 2 (May 1, 1995): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2870868.

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The melting of large-diameter crystals using an orbital solar concentrator is studied numerically. In the proposed configuration, a parabolic dish imaging concentrator is used to focus the sun’s radiation onto an ampoule which holds the solid charge material to be processed. The charge will start melting in the vicinity of the focal height, after which it is translated in order for the melt to resolidify as a single crystal. A ray-trace method has been developed to determine the incident concentrated solar heat flux on the ampoule’s surface for both perfectly aligned and misaligned configurations. For the perfectly aligned charge, a transient two-dimensional conduction problem with phase change is formulated, whereas once the perfect alignment of the charge’s symmetry axis with the sun’s incoming ray is perturbed, the problem becomes three-dimensional due to the complex surface heat flux boundary condition. The commercial code FIDAP is used to solve the governing transport equation. By ignoring the participation of the ampoule in the heat transfer process, preliminary results highlighting the feasibility of growing GaAs, Ge, and Si crystals with diameters of the order of 20 cm using the orbital solar concentrator concept are presented. The transient temperature fields within various charge materials during the heat-up process are quantified. The resulting melting pattern within the charge due to the uncolumnated beam is observed to be uniform along the charge when compared to the idealized limiting case of columnated beams. Finally, the effect of the misalignment angle on the melting process is quantified.

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Lindsey, Adam C., Yuntao Wu, Mariya Zhuravleva, Matthew Loyd, Merry Koschan, and Charles L. Melcher. "Multi-ampoule Bridgman growth of halide scintillator crystals using the self-seeding method." Journal of Crystal Growth 470 (July 2017): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2017.03.038.

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Zhao, Xin, Ying Rong Jin, and Xing Hua Zhu. "Polycrystal Synthesis and Single Crystal Growth of PbI₂." Applied Mechanics and Materials 26-28 (June 2010): 720–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.26-28.720.

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High-pure and single-phase PbI2 polycrystal was synthesized by Pb and I elements (99.9999%) according to the stoichiometry of PbI2 with excess of 0.3% Pb through modified two-zone vapor-transporting method (MTVM). The synthesis reaction was carried in a special quartz ampoule to prevent the ampoule exploding by controlling the temperature. With presynthesized polycrystal, an integral PbI2 single crystal with 15 mm in diameter and 25 mm in length was grown by vertical Bridgman method (VBM). The as-grown crystal was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ZC36 megger and Infrared (IR) spectrophotometers. XRD analysis indicated the structure of PbI2 crystal is 2H with hexagonal space group of , the lattice constants of a and c are 0.4560 nm and 0.6979 nm, respectively. The IR transmittance of a sample of 2.5 mm thickness is about 40% in the range from 4000 to 400 cm-1. Resistivity of the crystal is about 1013 Ωcm magnitude. These results demonstrate that the quality of the as-grown crystal is high enough for applications of room temperature nuclear radiation detectors.

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Gehrke, Charles W., Larry L. Wall, Joseph S. Absheer, Floyd E. Kaiser, and Robert W. Zumwalt. "Sample Preparation for Chromatography of Amino Acids: Acid Hydrolysis of Proteins." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 68, no. 5 (September 1, 1985): 811–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/68.5.811.

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Abstract A number of variations were evaluated in the techniques and procedures of the classical 6N hydrochloric acid, 110°C, 24 h hydrolysis of protein. Variations included the use of glass tubes with Teflon-lined screw caps as the hydrolysis vessel, high-temperature short-time hydrolysis, performic acid oxidation of cystine and methionine, multiple hydrolysis times at 145°C, and interlaboratory preparation of hydrolysates. A diverse sample set used in the study included a range of protein-containing matrices, and automated ionexchange chromatography was used for the amino acid analysis. Results show that for hydrolysis in glass tubes with Teflon-lined screw caps at 110°C for 24 h, recoveries of amino acids were in good agreement with recoveries by classical hydrolysis in sealed glass ampoules at reduced pressure. Recoveries from a higher temperature hydrolysis, i.e., 145°C for 4 h and using sealed ampoules, were also in agreement with 110°C, 24 h, sealed ampoule results; the former procedure yielded increased isoleucine and valine and decreased serine and threonine values. Glass tubes with Teflon-lined screw caps for hydrolysis were found to be a practical and convenient alternative to sealed glass ampoules; the improved precision with the former was probably due to the simplicity of the method. The average recovery of cystine from a wide range of matrices without the use of performic acid was 55.5% compared with results obtained with performic acid oxidation. Similarly, methionine is preferably analyzed as methionine sulfone. Interlaboratory evaluation of 145°C, 4 h hydrolysis, in which one laboratory used sealed ampoules and the other laboratory used Teflon-lined screw-cap tubes, demonstrated excellent agreement of amino acid values.

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Rafferty, Brian, and Rose Gaines Das. "Comparison of Pituitary and Recombinant Human Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (rhTSH) in a Multicenter Collaborative Study: Establishment of the First World Health Organization Reference Reagent for rhTSH." Clinical Chemistry 45, no. 12 (December 1, 1999): 2207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/45.12.2207.

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Abstract Background: The increasing use of recombinant-DNA-derived materials in therapy and diagnosis poses a new challenge for biological standardization, that of developing reference preparations appropriate for both the native and recombinant products. Here we report the results of an international collaborative study that was carried out under the auspices of WHO to assess the suitability of a preparation of recombinant thyroid-stimulating hormone (rTSH; 94/674) to serve as a potential standard for the calibration of diagnostic immunoassays compared with the International Reference Preparation (IRP) for human TSH (80/558). Methods: Coded samples were provided to the 33 laboratories in the study, and participants were asked to perform TSH assays currently in use in their laboratories. Twenty-eight laboratories contributed 93 immunoassays in 41 different method-laboratory combinations, and an additional 5 laboratories contributed bioassay data. All data were analyzed centrally at the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control. Results: The results obtained in different laboratories and with different assay systems revealed significant variability between estimates of rTSH relative to the IRP. These ranged from 5.51 mIU (95% limits, 3.95–7.67 mIU) per ampoule by RIA to 7.15 mIU (95% limits, 6.7–7.63 mIU) per ampoule by immunofluorometric assay. However, the results showed that the assignment of a value of 6.70 mIU per ampoule of 94/674 would give reasonable continuity with the IRP in many assay systems. Conclusions: The preparation was established as the First WHO Reference Reagent for TSH, human, recombinant, to provide a means of validating assay performance and to maintain continuity with the IRP without compromising clinical data.

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Riley, Brian J., Bradley R. Johnson, Jarrod V. Crum, and Michael R. Thompson. "Tricadmium Digermanium Tetraarsenide: A New Crystalline Phase Made with a Double-Containment Ampoule Method." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 95, no. 7 (March 29, 2012): 2161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2012.05171.x.

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Kucherenko, Yu A., A. P. Pylaev, V. D. Murzakov, V. N. Popov, O. R. Komarov, V. E. Saveľev, R. Cherret, and J. F. Haas. "Experimental study into the asymptotic stage of the separation of the turbulized mixtures in gravitationally stable mode." Laser and Particle Beams 15, no. 1 (March 1997): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600010703.

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An experimental investigation into the asymptotic stage of the separation of the turbulized mixtures of two fluids with densities ratio n = 3 has been carried out. The turbulized mixtures resulted from Rayleigh–Taylor instability when the contact boundary between two fluids was moved under an acceleration. At a certain instant of time, the system changes from the gravitationally unstable mode to the gravitationally stable one by the way of changing of the acceleration sign. During the ampoule motion with the investigated fluids at the gravitationally stable mode, the depth of penetration of the heavy fluid into the light one was registered with the photographic method. The length of the ampoule way at the gravitationally stable mode has been fixed so that the final (asymptotic) stage of the separation could be registered. At the result of themeasurements, it has been determined the separation process at the asymptotic stage has the same dimensionless velocity asat the initial stage.

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Vityuk, G. A., V. A. Vityuk, A. D. Vurim, R. Y. Kelcingazina, and B. Y. Bekmagambetova. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE AMOUNT OF IMPURITATED GASES IN NUCLEAR FUEL." NNC RK Bulletin, no. 3 (January 8, 2022): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52676/1729-7885-2021-3-29-36.

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The article is devoted to an issue of estimating the impurity gas amount in nuclear fuel in the aspect of the distracting contribution from released gases to the total pressure inside ampoule of the device in the simulating a severe accident with core melting. The paper presents a method based on measuring the pressure and temperature of gas in a closed values of the fuel elements during the fuel melting. The correctness of the developed methodology is confirmed by the results of experiments on the melting of fuel in a pulsed graphite reactor IGR with the implementation of a controlled neutron pulse.

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Thompson, Michael R., Brian J. Riley, Mark E. Bowden, Matthew J. Olszta, Danny J. Edwards, Jarrod V. Crum, Bradley R. Johnson, and Saehwa Chong. "Crystal structure and chemistry of tricadmium digermanium tetraarsenide, Cd3Ge2As4." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 75, no. 9 (August 2, 2019): 1291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989019010636.

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A cadmium germanium arsenide compound, Cd3Ge2As4, was synthesized using a double-containment fused quartz ampoule method within a rocking furnace and a melt-quench technique. The crystal structure was determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopies (i.e. SEM, STEM, and TEM), and selected area diffraction (SAD) and confirmed with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The chemistry was verified with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS).

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31

Grehov, V., J. Kalnacs, A. Mishnev, and K. Kundzins. "Nitrogen Adsorption on Graphene Sponges Synthesized by Annealing a Mixture of Nickel and Carbon Powders." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 54, no. 4 (August 1, 2017): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpts-2017-0025.

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AbstractAdsorption by graphene sponge (GS) manufactured by annealing nickel-carbon powder mixture in inert atmosphere has been studied. By determining the specific surface area (SSA) for the GS sample, it has been found that Brunauer, Emmett, Teller method (BET) of approximation of experimental isotherms gives wrong results in the pressure range of 0.025–0.12 because adsorption in this pressure region is affected by walls of ampoule. Real SSA value has been found by subtracting pore effect method (SPE) or by BET approximation in a low range of relative pressure of 0.0004–0.002.

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32

Longstaff, Colin, Man-Yu Wong, and Patrick J. Gaffney. "An International Collaborative Study to Investigate Standardisation of Hirudin Potency." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 69, no. 05 (1993): 430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1651628.

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SummaryAn international collaborative study has been carried out to investigate the reproducibility of hirudin assays in 13 laboratories using four recombinant hirudins and one natural, sulphated product. A simple assay procedure was proposed involving the titration of α-thrombin with inhibitor and measurement of residual activity using a chromogenic substrate. A standard α-thrombin preparation was supplied to ensure that this reagent was of uniform quality throughout the study. The method appeared to present no difficulties and laboratories reported similar potencies for the 5 hirudin samples, in line with expected values. This gave 200–222 Thrombin Inhibitory Units/ampoule (TIU/ampoule) of lyophilised hirudin, with geometric coefficient of variation (gcv) values ranging from 10.15–15.97%. This corresponds to specific activities of approximately 14,300–15,900 TIU/mg protein. This is close to the upper limit of previously reported values of specific activity. We conclude that the precision of this determination compared with the wider range of values in the literature (8,000–16,000 thrombin inhibitory units [TIU]/mg) results from the use of good quality standard α-thrombin by all laboratories. This study has important implications for hirudin standardisation.

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LI, Hui, Jia-Hua MIN, Lin-Jun WANG, Yi-Ben XIA, Ji-Jun ZHANG, and Bang-Jiao YE. "Influence of Free-space Volume in Ampoule on Defects of CdZnTe Crystal Grown by Bridgman Method." Journal of Inorganic Materials 27, no. 8 (August 24, 2012): 790–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1077.2012.11548.

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34

Ozawa, T., Y. Hayakawa, K. Balakrishnan, and M. Kumagawa. "Numerical simulation of effect of ampoule rotation for the growth of InGaSb by rotational Bridgman method." Journal of Crystal Growth 237-239 (April 2002): 1692–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(01)02332-6.

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35

V., Roopa. "A Study on Spectral and Morphological Analysis on Unidirectional Neodymium Doped KDP Single Crystal." International Journal of ChemTech Research 13, no. 3 (2020): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/ijctr.2019.130323.

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A nonlinear optical unidirectional <101> Single crystal of Neodymium doped Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KDP) was grown by Sankaranarayanan-Ramasamy (SR) method. The <101> oriented seed crystals were mounted at the bottom of the glass ampoule and the crystal of 16mm diameter; 120mm length were grown by SR method. The laser damage threshold was measured using Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) and was found to be 5.456 Gwcm-2 respectively.The presence of functional groups was examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The surface morphology and dislocations along <101> plane was observed using Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM).

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36

Walker, A., Barbara Mulloy, Trevor Barrowcliffe, and Elaine Gray. "A Collaborative Study to Establish the 5th International Standard for Unfractionated Heparin." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 84, no. 12 (2000): 1017–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1614165.

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SummaryTwenty-four laboratories participated in a collaborative study to calibrate a replacement for the 4th International Standard for Unfractionated Heparin (82/502). Both candidate materials A and B, gave excellent intra- and inter-laboratory variations (majority of mean %gcv <10%) when assayed against the 4th International Standard. No major differences of potency estimates were found between methods, although the USP method generally gave lower potencies than the other methods and candidate B gave a greater variation between methods than A. Overall, this study showed that the differences between the candidates are marginal. Based on its narrower molecular weight profile, higher specific activity and slightly lower inter-method variation, candidate A, 97/578, was proposed and accepted in October, 1998, by the Expert Committee on Biological Standardisation of the World Health Organisation to be the 5th International Standard for Unfractionated Heparin with an assigned potency of 2031 IU/ampoule.

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37

Klimenko, Yu A., Yu P. Ladikov-Roev, N. N. Salnikov, V. A. Tkachenko, and O. K. Cheremnykh. "Study of temperature fields and hydrodynamic flows in an ampoule during crystallization according to the Bridgman method." Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 8, no. 2s (2002): 338–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/knit2002.02s.338.

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Urakami, Koji, and Anthony E. Beezer. "A method to reduce the equilibration time prior to data capture in ampoule-based isothermal microcalorimetric studies." Thermochimica Acta 410, no. 1-2 (February 2004): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6031(03)00376-9.

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39

Kim, Deok Kyu, Kyeong Min Kim, and Choon Bae Park. "Characteristics of p-type ZnO:As thin films prepared by the ampoule-tube method and ZnO p–n homojunction." Applied Physics A 98, no. 4 (November 21, 2009): 913–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-009-5476-8.

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40

Mukhtarova, Ziyafat M. "PHASE EQUILIBRIUM IN YbTe–Yb3Ge5 SYSTEM." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 60, no. 1 (January 30, 2017): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.2017601.5144.

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For citation:Mukhtarova Z.M. Phase equilibrium in Ybte–Yb3Ge5 system. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 1. P. 64-67.Study of properties of semiconductors developed in close connection with their technical applications. The present work was devoted to study of phase equilibria and character of interaction in YbTe–Yb3Ge5 system. The section of YbTe–Yb3Ge5 in ternary system Ge–Te–Yb is not only scientific, but also practical interest. The section of YbTe–Yb3Ge5 was studied by methods of physical-chemical analysis: differential-thermal (DTA), high temperature differential-thermal (HTDT), X-ray phase, microstructural analysis (MSA), as well as measurement of density and micro hardness. DTA was performed with pyrometer HTP-75 in quartz ampoule pimped off till 0.1333 Pa. HTDT was performed with HTDT-8m (Tmelt.≥1500÷2000K) by analogical method. X-ray phase analysis was performed by powder method with X-ray diffractometer DRON-2 (CuKα- radiation with Ni-filter). MSA was performed with microscope MIM 8. Micro hardness of alloys was measured with micro hardness tester PMT-3.Density of alloys was determined by pycnometer test. During investigations of the system we used germanium B–4, tellurium B–3, ytterbium Yb–1. Alloys were synthesized at 1450–1700 K temperature range and at this temperature ampoule was kept 5–6 h. Cooling was performed slowly. DTA shows that on thermograms of alloys of the system have two effects. Obtained effects are endothermic reversible.For confirming the data of DTA, microstructural analysis, as well as measurement of micro hardness were performed with X-ray analysis. As the data show, at the concentration of 15–80 mol% of Yb3Ge5 monotectic conversion occurs which is confirmed with isothermal line at 1025 K. Thus, it was established that the section of 4YbTe–Yb3Ge5 is quasibinary cross-section of ternary system Ge–Te–Yb and its diagram is related to eutectic type with monotectics.Eutectic of the system 4YbTe–Yb3Ge5 corresponds to composition of 85% mol% of Yb3Ge5 and temperature of 915 K.

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Sudo, H., M. O'driscoll, K. Nishiwaki, Y. Kawamoto, P. Gammell, G. Schramm, T. Wertli, H. Prinz, A. Mori, and K. Sako. "Development of a Nondestructive Leak Testing Method Utilizing the Head Space Analyzer for Ampoule Products Containing Ethanol-Based Solutions." PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 66, no. 5 (September 1, 2012): 434–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5731/pdajpst.2012.00882.

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42

Rani, Neelam, N. Vijayan, B. Riscob, Suraj Karan Jat, Anuj Krishna, Subhasis Das, G. Bhagavannarayana, Brijesh Rathi, and M. A. Wahab. "Single crystal growth of ninhydrin by unidirectional Sankaranarayanan–Ramasamy (SR) method by using a glass ampoule for nonlinear optical applications." CrystEngComm 15, no. 11 (2013): 2127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ce26710a.

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43

Volkov, M. Yu, O. A. Turanova, and A. N. Turanov. "The Study of the Magnetic Properties of a Fe(III) Complex Solution by the NMR Method of “Stationary Coaxial Ampoule”." Applied Magnetic Resonance 49, no. 4 (December 21, 2017): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00723-017-0970-1.

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44

Xiao, Qiang, Satheesh Kuppurao, Andrew Yeckel, and Jeffrey J. Derby. "On the effects of ampoule tilting during vertical Bridgman growth: three-dimensional computations via a massively parallel, finite element method." Journal of Crystal Growth 167, no. 1-2 (September 1996): 292–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(96)00231-x.

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45

Sosin, I., Y. Babenko, O. Sergienko, O. Honcharova, G. Mysko, and I. Lisova. "Method of relieving hypertoxic alcohol abuse states in alcohol dependence." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1501.

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IntroductionCurrently, alcohol dependence is characterized by immediate onset of dipsomania states (code F10.26, ICD-10) interpreted in clinical addictology as reliable diagnostic signs of morbid alcohol dependence. These are classified clinically by rate, severity, therapeutically resistant post alcohol comorbidities (alcohol-induced polyneuropathy, hepatic dysfunctions, etc.), and by the presence of “lucid spaces”, when patients, depleted physically and mentally by hypertoxic alcohol abuse states, periodically (after binge drinking) intake no alcohol.ObjectivesEffectiveness improvement and reducing time of treatment for hypertoxic alcohol abuse states by reasonable pathogenetic use of highly effective drugs, wide polymodality and synergistic pharmacological range, with few side effects, potential for inclusion to the conventional standard treatment patterns according to thiamine concepts.MethodsValid clinical-diagnostic, laboratory, biochemical, electrophysiological, psychological (scaling, testing), statistical methods for identification of alcohol dependence complicated by hypertoxic alcohol abuse states.ResultsA new method of alleviating the hypertoxic intoxication in alcohol dependence has been developed on representative clinical material, which involves conventional pharmacological and drug-free symptomatic remedies and methods. Along with psychotherapeutic potentiation, a therapeutically targeted pharmacological complex was prescribed: intramuscular Vitaxon № 10 per course; Sibazon 0.5% solution, 2 ml intramuscular, 3-5 injections per course; oral Phenazepam, one tablet (0.001g) twice a day for 10-14 days; Cocarnit one ampoule daily intramuscular injection, for a course of 3-10 injections.ConclusionsThe effectiveness of the proposed pharmacological complex has been proven by the statistical reliability method and illustrated by clinical examples of patient-specific research.

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Xie, Hu, Bei Jun Zhao, Shi Fu Zhu, Bao Jun Chen, Zhi Yu He, Deng Hui Yang, Wei Huang, Wei Liu, and Zhang Rui Zhao. "Characterization and Vertical Elements Distribution of ZnGeP₂ Single Crystals." Key Engineering Materials 680 (February 2016): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.680.493.

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A large, crack-free ZnGeP2 single crystal with size of Φ26 mm×70 mm was grown in a vertical three-zone tubular furnace by modified vertical Bridgman method, i.e. real-time temperature compensation technique with small temperature gradient in double-wall quartz ampoule. The as-grown single crystal was characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that there is a face of (100) and its second-order XRD peaks were observed. The vertical elements distribution of the main part of the grown crystal has a stoichiometric ratio which is close to the ideal stoichiometry of 1:1:2. The IR transmittance of a sample of 2.5 mm thickness is above 58% in the range from 3500 to 800 cm-1. All these results demonstrate that the quality of the ZnGeP2 single crystal grown by the modified method is good, and could be used in the preparation of devices.

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Баландина, И. А., А. М. Некрасова, and А. А. Баландин. "Morphological differences of the fallopian tube ampoule in young and old age." Успехи геронтологии, no. 6 (January 13, 2022): 857–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34922/ae.2021.34.6.006.

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Работа основана на морфологическом исследовании ампул маточных труб 130 рожавших женщин молодого и старческого возраста. Применены макрометрический, гистологический, иммуногистохимический и микрометрический методы исследования. Выявлены закономерности возрастной морфологической изменчивости ампулы маточной трубы, проявляющиеся в уменьшении параметров их длины, а также наружных диаметров в середине ампулы и в местах перехода перешейка в ампулу и ампулы в воронку от молодого возраста к старческому возрасту. Гистоархитектоника ампул маточных труб у женщин в старческом возрасте характеризуется уплощением эпителия слизистой оболочки, образующей обилие близлежащих утолщенных складок, формирующих неравномерное сужение просвета ампулы. Определяется истончение мышечной оболочки с разрастанием вместо нее соединительной ткани и скоплением адипоцитов в подсерозной основе. В старческом возрасте отмечается более выраженная экспрессия виментина, прослеживающаяся не только в эндотелии и субэндотелиальном слое кровеносных сосудов, включая капилляры, но и в отдельных фибробластах. Установлено, что особенности микрометрических характеристик ампул маточных труб заключаются в уменьшении внутреннего периметра эпителиальной выстилки и площади просвета, наряду с увеличением площади их стенки при срединном сечении, в старческом возрасте в сравнении с молодым. The work is based on a morphological study of ampoules of the fallopian tubes of 130 young and senile women who gave birth. Macrometric, histological, immunohistochemical and micrometric methods of investigation were applied. The regularities of age-related morphological variability of the fallopian tube ampoule are revealed, which are manifested in a decrease in the parameters of their length, as well as external diameters in the middle of the ampoule and at the places of transition of the isthmus into the ampoule and ampoule into the funnel from young age to old age. Histoarchitectonics of ampoules of the fallopian tubes in women in old age is characterized by flattening of the epithelium of the mucous membrane, which forms an abundance of nearby thickened folds that form an uneven narrowing of the lumen of the ampoule. The thinning of the muscle membrane is determined with the growth of connective tissue instead of it and the accumulation of adipocytes in the subserose base. In old age, there is a more pronounced expression of vimentin, which can be traced not only in the endothelium and subendothelial layer of blood vessels, including capillaries, but also in individual fibroblasts. It was found that the features of the micrometric characteristics of the fallopian tube ampoules consist in a decrease in the inner perimeter of the epithelial lining and the lumen area, along with an increase in the area of their wall at the median cross-section in old age compared with young age.

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Lin, Wen Tsann, Shen Tsu Wang, and Meng Hua Li. "A Study on Improving the Efficiency of the Knapp Test for Injection Ampoule Inspection by Applying the Taguchi Method, TRIZ and CBR." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 2046–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.2046.

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This study first defined two major problems in the automatic inspection of the inspection machine for injection medicines, which were the inspection results falling beyond the target range resulting in a low performance ratio and a lengthy process of machine parameter adjustments to reach the expected performance ratio. It then performed a manual inspection to determine the existing performance status. During the analysis phase of the study, TRIZ and CBR (case based reasoning) were integrated and used as the manifest tool to inspect and adjust the parameters related to the Knapp test for the purpose of utilizing their ways of systematic thinking to find the relative parameters that might affect the inspection quality, and further to confirm four major parameters through screening by TRIZ and CBR, including the magnification, the bi-qualitative alloplasm of the relative positions of different images, the maximum floating foreign particle lumps and the maximum foreign particle lumps. During the improvement phase of the study, a set of test procedures combining the Taguchi method and analysis of variance was proposed to determine the optimum parameter combination of the major parameters. The validation tests confirmed that the problem solution structure developed in this study could allow the automatic inspection to realize the expected efficiency. This structure could make a significant contribution to the application of the Knapp test in medical automatic inspection systems, and serve as a reference to industries relying on manual production or inspection.

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Heath, A. B., T. W. Barrowcliffe, and S. Raut. "A Collaborative Study to Establish the 6th International Standard for Factor VIII Concentrate." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 85, no. 06 (2001): 1071–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1615966.

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SummaryA study was carried out to replace the 5th WHO International Standard (IS) for factor VIII concentrate, because of depletion of stocks. Two candidate concentrates (X and Y) were assayed as potential replacements against the 5th IS for FVIII concentrate, in a collaborative study involving 33 laboratories. Collaborators were asked to use the ISTH/SSC recommendations, including pre-dilution of concentrates in FVIII deficient plasma in their assays. Several laboratories performed more than one assay method and altogether there were 21 sets of assays with the one-stage method, 6 with the two-stage method and 26 with the chromogenic method. There was good agreement between laboratories using each method for the comparison of concentrates X and Y against the 5th IS, but the overall potencies by one-stage and chromogenic methods each differed by approximately 5% from the overall mean, with the chromogenic potency approximately 10% higher than the one-stage. Inter-laboratory agreement was slightly better for concentrate Y than X, and stability studies indicated that Y was more stable than X. After considering all the information, together with comments from participants and from the FVIII/FIX Subcommittee of the ISTH/SSC, candidate Y (NIBSC code [97/616]), was proposed and accepted in October, 1998, by the Expert Committee on Biological Standardisation of the World Health Organisation to be the 6th International Standard for Factor VIII Concentrate with an assigned potency of 8.5 IU/ampoule.

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CHAGONDA, LAMECK S., and JASON NDIKUWERA. "Antibiotic Residues in Milk Supplies in Zimbabwe." Journal of Food Protection 52, no. 10 (October 1, 1989): 731–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-52.10.731.

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Raw milk samples from 73 individual milk producers were obtained at the three main Dairy Marketing Board (DMB) collection centers in Zimbabwe during the period of January to February, 1988. The samples were examined for the presence of antibiotics using the Delvotest-P (Gist-Brocades) ampoule test method with a sensitivity of 0.002 I.U. of penicillin per ml of milk. Four samples (5.5%) contained more than 0.005 I.U. of penicillin per ml or equivalent. Two (2.8%) samples contained antibiotics other than penicillin. An antibiotic depletion study using 23 cows treated with a multiple antibiotic intramammary infusion product, streptomycin - penicillin mixture (Dispolac RX4 B®; Coopers, South Africa), indicated a withholding period of 7–8 d was necessary to obtain milk free of detectable residues. The sensitivity of the Delvotest-P for streptomycin was determined by the manufacturers and found to be 4–6 μg/ml.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ampoule method'

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