Journal articles: 'Amplification of error'

1

Greer, J. C. "Error analysis for pseudo-logarithmic amplification." Measurement Science and Technology 3, no. 10 (October 1, 1992): 939–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/3/10/001.

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Clamann, Michael, and David B. Kaber. "Augmenting Fine Motor Skill Training with Haptic Error Amplification." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 1547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621350.

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This work compared two methods to augment fine motor skill training using haptic control, including techniques that guide (e.g., virtual fixtures) and challenge the trainee (e.g., error amplification). A prototype system capable of displaying virtual fixtures or error amplification during a writing task was evaluated to determine the extent to which performance in each condition transfers to an unassisted test condition. An experiment comparing training effects was executed in which participants were trained to draw a series of letters from a foreign alphabet with the non-dominant hand. The results showed that task accuracy when training with virtual fixtures did not transfer to an unassisted test condition. Training with error amplification, in contrast, increased accuracy in unaided test trials. These findings suggest that amplifying errors may be used to accelerate fine motor training for unimpaired individuals.

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Boozer, Allen H. "Resistive wall modes and error field amplification." Physics of Plasmas 10, no. 5 (May 2003): 1458–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1568751.

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Zhang, Quan, Jianguo Zhao, Xin Shen, Qing Xiao, Jun Huang, and Yuan Wang. "Design, Modeling, and Testing of a Novel XY Piezo-Actuated Compliant Micro-Positioning Stage." Micromachines 10, no. 9 (August 31, 2019): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10090581.

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A novel decoupled XY compliant micro-positioning stage, based on a bridge-type amplification mechanism and parallelogram mechanisms, is designed in this paper. Analytical models of the bridge-type amplification mechanism and parallelogram mechanisms are developed by Castigliano’s second theorem and a Beam constrained model. The amplification ratio, input stiffness, and output stiffness of the stage are further derived, based on the proposed model. In order to verify the theoretical analysis, the finite element method (FEM) is used for simulation and modal analysis, and the simulation results indicate that the errors of the amplification ratio, input stiffness, and output stiffness of the stage between the proposed model and the FEM results are 2.34%, 3.87%, and 2.66%, respectively. Modal analysis results show that the fundamental natural frequency is 44 Hz, and the maximum error between the theoretical model and the FEM is less than 4%, which further validates the proposed modeling method. Finally, the prototype is fabricated to test the amplification ratio, cross-coupling error, and workspace. The experimental results demonstrate that the stage has a relatively large workspace, of 346.1 μm × 357.2 μm, with corresponding amplification ratios of 5.39 in the X-axis and 5.51 in the Y-axis, while the cross-coupling error is less than 1.5%.

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Lo, Hoi-Kwong. "Method for decoupling error correction from privacy amplification." New Journal of Physics 5 (April 24, 2003): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/5/1/336.

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Boozer, Allen H. "Error Field Amplification and Rotation Damping in Tokamak Plasmas." Physical Review Letters 86, no. 22 (May 28, 2001): 5059–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.86.5059.

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Bernardini, R., and R. Rinaldo. "Probabilistic Bounds on Error Amplification of Randomly Generated Frames." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 56, no. 9 (September 2008): 4286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2008.925967.

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Pienaar, E., M. Theron, M. Nelson, and H. J. Viljoen. "A quantitative model of error accumulation during PCR amplification." Computational Biology and Chemistry 30, no. 2 (April 2006): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2005.11.002.

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Milanese, Chiara, Stefano Corte, Luca Salvetti, Valentina Cavedon, and Tiziano Agostini. "Correction of a Technical Error in the Golf Swing: Error Amplification Versus Direct Instruction." Journal of Motor Behavior 48, no. 4 (May 9, 2016): 365–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2015.1102699.

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Gracia, Luis, and Josep Tornero. "Kinematic models and isotropy analysis of wheeled mobile robots." Robotica 26, no. 5 (September 2008): 587–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574708004165.

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SUMMARYThis research presents a comprehensive and useful survey of the kinematic models of wheeled mobile robots and their optimal configurations. The kinematic modeling of wheeled mobile robots with no-slip is presented, by considering four common types of wheels: fixed, orientable, castor, and Swedish. Next, the accuracy of the kinematic models is discussed considering their sensitivity or relative error amplification, giving rise to the isotropy concept. As practical application of the previous theory, all types of three-wheeled mobile robots are modeled and their optimal (isotropic) configurations for no error amplification are obtained. Finally, three practical examples of error amplification are developed for several types of wheeled mobile robots in order to illustrate the benefits and limitations of the isotropic configurations.

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Lombardo, Mary-Jane, Ildiko Aponyi, and Susan M. Rosenberg. "General Stress Response Regulator RpoS in Adaptive Mutation and Amplification in Escherichia coli." Genetics 166, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 669–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/166.2.669.

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Abstract Microbial cells under growth-limiting stress can generate mutations by mechanisms distinct from those in rapidly growing cells. These mechanisms might be specific stress responses that increase mutation rates, potentially altering rates of evolution, or might reflect non-stress-specific processes in rare growing cells. In an Escherichia coli model system, both frameshift reversion mutations and gene amplifications occur as apparent starvation-induced mutations. Whereas frameshift reversion (“point mutation”) requires recombination proteins, the SOS response, and error-prone DNA polymerase IV (DinB), amplification requires neither SOS nor pol IV. We report that both point mutation and amplification require the stationary-phase and general stress response transcription factor RpoS (σS). Growth-dependent mutation does not. Alternative interpretations are excluded. The results imply, first, that point mutation and amplification are stress responses that occur in differentiated stationary-phase (not rare growing) cells and, second, that transient genetic instability, producing both point mutation and genome rearrangement, may be a previously unrecognized component of the RpoS-dependent general stress response.

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Khan, Tarik A., Simon Friedensohn, Arthur R. Gorter de Vries, Jakub Straszewski, Hans-Joachim Ruscheweyh, and Sai T. Reddy. "Accurate and predictive antibody repertoire profiling by molecular amplification fingerprinting." Science Advances 2, no. 3 (March 2016): e1501371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501371.

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High-throughput antibody repertoire sequencing (Ig-seq) provides quantitative molecular information on humoral immunity. However, Ig-seq is compromised by biases and errors introduced during library preparation and sequencing. By using synthetic antibody spike-in genes, we determined that primer bias from multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) library preparation resulted in antibody frequencies with only 42 to 62% accuracy. Additionally, Ig-seq errors resulted in antibody diversity measurements being overestimated by up to 5000-fold. To rectify this, we developed molecular amplification fingerprinting (MAF), which uses unique molecular identifier (UID) tagging before and during multiplex PCR amplification, which enabled tagging of transcripts while accounting for PCR efficiency. Combined with a bioinformatic pipeline, MAF bias correction led to measurements of antibody frequencies with up to 99% accuracy. We also used MAF to correct PCR and sequencing errors, resulting in enhanced accuracy of full-length antibody diversity measurements, achieving 98 to 100% error correction. Using murine MAF-corrected data, we established a quantitative metric of recent clonal expansion—the intraclonal diversity index—which measures the number of unique transcripts associated with an antibody clone. We used this intraclonal diversity index along with antibody frequencies and somatic hypermutation to build a logistic regression model for prediction of the immunological status of clones. The model was able to predict clonal status with high confidence but only when using MAF error and bias corrected Ig-seq data. Improved accuracy by MAF provides the potential to greatly advance Ig-seq and its utility in immunology and biotechnology.

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Barbeau, Michel, Joaquin Garcia-Alfaro, Evangelos Kranakis, and Fillipe Santos. "GPS-Free, Error Tolerant Path Planning for Swarms of Micro Aerial Vehicles with Quality Amplification ‡." Sensors 21, no. 14 (July 10, 2021): 4731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144731.

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We present an error tolerant path planning algorithm for Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) swarms. We assume navigation without GPS-like techniques. The MAVs find their path using sensors and cameras, identifying and following a series of visual landmarks. The visual landmarks lead the MAVs towards their destination. MAVs are assumed to be unaware of the terrain and locations of the landmarks. They hold a priori information about landmarks, whose interpretation is prone to errors. Errors are of two types, recognition or advice. Recognition errors follow from misinterpretation of sensed data or a priori information, or confusion of objects, e.g., due to faulty sensors. Advice errors are consequences of outdated or wrong information about landmarks, e.g., due to weather conditions. Our path planning algorithm is cooperative. MAVs communicate and exchange information wirelessly, to minimize the number of recognition and advice errors. Hence, the quality of the navigation decision process is amplified. Our solution successfully achieves an adaptive error tolerant navigation system. Quality amplification is parameterized with respect to the number of MAVs. We validate our approach with theoretical proofs and numeric simulations.

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14

Shuster, S. "Malignant melanoma: how error amplification by screening creates spurious disease." British Journal of Dermatology 161, no. 5 (November 2009): 977–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09399.x.

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15

Fujii, Ryota, Motomitsu Kitaoka, and Kiyoshi Hayashi. "Error-prone rolling circle amplification: the simplest random mutagenesis protocol." Nature Protocols 1, no. 5 (December 2006): 2493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.403.

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Fujii, R. "One-step random mutagenesis by error-prone rolling circle amplification." Nucleic Acids Research 32, no. 19 (October 28, 2004): e145-e145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gnh147.

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17

Nagaj, D., P. Wocjan, and Y. Zhang. "Fast amplification of QMA." Quantum Information and Computation 9, no. 11&12 (November 2009): 1053–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic9.11-12-8.

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Given a verifier circuit for a problem in QMA, we show how to exponentially amplify the gap between its acceptance probabilities in the `yes' and `no' cases, with a method that is quadratically faster than the procedure given by Marriott and Watrous. Our construction is natively quantum, based on the analogy of a product of two reflections and a quantum walk. Second, in some special cases we show how to amplify the acceptance probability for good witnesses to 1, making a step towards the proof that QMA with one-sided error QMA_1 is equal to QMA. Finally, we simplify the filter-state method to search for QMA witnesses by Poulin and Wocjan.

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18

Rossouw, C. J., P. S. Turner, T. J. White, and A. J. O’Connor. "Quantitative ALCHEMI With Error Analysis." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 2 (August 12, 1990): 468–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100135940.

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The ALCHEMI technique for determining the site distribution fi of an impurity element x on host element lattice sites i is well known: Changes in x-ray emission from host atoms i and impurity x with crystal orientation ARE monitored under strong planar or axial diffraction conditions, and fi derived via a ratio method. However analysis involving count ratios (and ratios of ratios) leads to severe error amplification. Neglect of delocalization leads to further error. To overcome these inherent errors in the standard ALCHEMI method, we make the single assumption that the impurity count Nx may be written as a linear combination of the host atom counts Ni, i.e.where the coefficients αi and their errors are determined by multivariate analysis. For m separate EDX spectra and fitted parameters αi (i = 1 to v), the criterion v ≤ m must be satisfied for m - v degrees of freedom.

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Kim, Chang Sik, Sumitra Mohan, Mahmood Ayub, Dominic G. Rothwell, Caroline Dive, Ged Brady, and Crispin Miller. "In silico error correction improves cfDNA mutation calling." Bioinformatics 35, no. 14 (December 6, 2018): 2380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty1004.

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Abstract Motivation Circulating-free DNA (cfDNA) profiling by sequencing is an important minimally invasive protocol for monitoring the mutation profile of solid tumours in cancer patients. Since the concentration of available cfDNA is limited, sample library generation relies on multiple rounds of PCR amplification, during which the accumulation of errors results in reduced sensitivity and lower accuracy. Results We present PCR Error Correction (PEC), an algorithm to identify and correct errors in short read sequencing data. It exploits the redundancy that arises from multiple rounds of PCR amplification. PEC is particularly well suited to applications such as single-cell sequencing and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) analysis, in which many cycles of PCR are used to generate sufficient DNA for sequencing from small amounts of starting material. When applied to ctDNA analysis, PEC significantly improves mutation calling accuracy, achieving similar levels of performance to more complex strategies that require additional protocol steps and access to calibration DNA datasets. Availability and implementation PEC is available under the GPL-v3 Open Source licence, and is freely available from: https://github.com/CRUKMI-ComputationalBiology/PCR_Error_Correction.git. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Fu, Bo, Huanjun Jiang, and Tao Wu. "Nonlinear Error Propagation Analysis of a New Family of Model-Based Integration Algorithm for Pseudodynamic Tests." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 10, 2018): 2846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082846.

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Error propagation properties of integration algorithms are crucial in conducting pseudodynamic tests. The motivation of this study is to investigate the error propagation properties of a new family of model-based integration algorithm for pseudodynamic tests. To develop the new algorithms, two additional coefficients are introduced in the Chen-Ricles (CR) algorithm. In addition, a parameter—i.e., degree of nonlinearity—is applied to describe the change of stiffness for nonlinear structures. The error propagation equation for the new algorithms implemented in a pseudodynamic test is derived and two error amplification factors are deduced correspondingly. The error amplification factors for three structures with different degrees of nonlinearity are calculated to illustrate the error propagation effect. The numerical simulation of a pseudodynamic test for a two-story shear-type building structure is conducted to further demonstrate the error propagation characteristics of the new algorithms. It can be concluded from the theoretical analysis and numerical study that both nonlinearity and the two additional coefficients of the new algorithms have great influence on its error propagation properties.

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21

Wei, M., and J. S. Frederiksen. "Error growth and dynamical vectors during southern hemisphere blocking." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 11, no. 1 (February 25, 2004): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-11-99-2004.

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Abstract. The structural organization of initially random perturbations or "errors" evolving in a barotropic tangent linear model with time-dependent basic states taken from observations, is examined for cases of block development, maturation and decay in the Southern Hemisphere atmosphere during April, November and December 1989. We determine statistical results relating the structures of evolved errors to singular vectors (SVs), Lyapunov vectors (LVs) and finite-time normal modes (FTNMs). The statistics of 100 evolved error fields are studied for six day periods or longer and compared with the growth and structures of leading fast growing SVs, LVs and FTNMs. The SVs are studied in the kinetic energy (KE), enstrophy (EN) and streamfunction (SF) norms, while all FTNMs and the first LV are norm independent. The mean of the largest pattern correlations between the 100 error fields and dynamical vectors, taken over the five fastest growing SVs, in any of the three norms, or over the five fastest growing FTNMs, increases with increasing time interval to a value close to 0.6 after six days. Corresponding pattern correlations with the five fastest growing LVs are slightly lower. The leading dynamical vectors (SVs 1, FTNM1 or LV 1) generally, but not always, give the largest pattern correlations with the error fields. It is found that viscosity slightly increases the average correlations between the evolved errors and LV 1 and evolved SVs 1. Mean pattern correlations with fast growing dynamical vectors increase further for time intervals longer than six days. The properties of the dynamical vectors during Southern Hemisphere blocking are briefly outlined. After a few days integration, the structures of the leading evolved SVs in the KE, EN and SF norms, are in general quite similar and also similar to some of the dominant FTNMs that are norm independent. For optimization times of six days or less, the evolved SVs and FTNMs are, in general, different from the dominant LVs on the same day. Nevertheless, amplification factors of the first FTNMs and first LVs are very similar, and also similar to, but slightly larger than, the mean amplification factor of 100 initially random perturbations in the SF norm, while the amplification factors in the SF norm of KE SVs 1 and SF SV 1 are much higher. For longer optimization times, the first SVs and the first FTNM increasingly turn towards the leading LV with convergence achieved within a month.

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PAPADOPOULOS, D. F., and T. E. SIMOS. "A NEW METHODOLOGY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF OPTIMIZED RUNGE–KUTTA–NYSTRÖM METHODS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 22, no. 06 (June 2011): 623–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012918311101649x.

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In this paper, a new Runge–Kutta–Nyström method of fourth algebraic order is developed. The new method has zero phase-lag, zero amplification error and zero first integrals of the previous properties. Numerical results indicate that the new method is very efficient for solving numerically the Schrödinger equation. We note that for the first time in the literature we use the requirement of vanishing the first integrals of phase-lag and amplification error in the construction of efficient methods for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation.

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23

Meurens, Marc. "Spectral Amplification in near Infrared Spectrometry." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 6, A (January 1998): A207—A210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.195.

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“SPECTRAL AMPLIFICATION” is the significant name of a new algorithm of wavelength selection developed to improve the precision of the partial least squares (PLS) calibration of near infrared a (NIR) spectrometer for quantitative chemical analyses. This algorithm amplifies selectively some spectral data by mutiplicative coefficients so that they are predominant in the spectra and lower the prediction error of the PLS calibration. The poster presents a demonstration of “spectral amplification” in the determination of moisture on milk powders by NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.

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Zhang Junwei, 张军伟, 闫威 Yan Wei, 林东晖 Lin Donghui, 吴文龙 Wu Wenlong, 王逍 Wang Xiao, 陈良明 Chen Liangming, and 傅学军 Fu Xuejun. "Machining Error Compensation System Design of Optical Parametric Amplification Crystals Tiling." Chinese Journal of Lasers 42, no. 1 (2015): 0116003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201542.0116003.

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Wu, Qiang, Xun Li, Yongyuan Li, Zhixiong Di, and Quanyuan Feng. "Implementation of High Precision Error Amplification Scheme for AC-DC Converter." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 69, no. 3 (March 2022): 1522–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3126166.

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Prentice, J. S. C. "Amplification and suppression of round-off error in Runge–Kutta methods." International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology 42, no. 3 (April 15, 2011): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0020739x.2010.526247.

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Malagutti, Lorenzo, Francesco Mollica, and Valentina Mazzanti. "Error amplification in capillary viscometry of power law fluids with slip." Polymer Testing 91 (November 2020): 106816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106816.

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Forestieri, Enrico, and Marco Secondini. "On the Error Probability Evaluation in Lightwave Systems With Optical Amplification." Journal of Lightwave Technology 27, no. 6 (March 2009): 706–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2008.927770.

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Bernardini, R., and R. Rinaldo. "Bounds on error amplification in oversampled filter banks for robust transmission." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 54, no. 4 (April 2006): 1399–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2006.870632.

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30

Milanese, Chiara, Gabriella Facci, Paola Cesari, and Carlo Zancanaro. "“Amplification of Error”: A Rapidly Effective Method for Motor Performance Improvement." Sport Psychologist 22, no. 2 (June 2008): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.22.2.164.

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The aim of the current work was to test the effects of an innovative teaching method in improving motor skills. We evaluated the effectiveness of an error-based instruction method (Method of Amplification of Error, MAE) in increasing the performance of 13-year-old school students in the standing long jump. We compared MAE with direct verbal instruction (DI) and no instruction (Control group). The rationale for the MAE method is that giving a participant the opportunity to experience directly his or her own main movement error will trigger a positive searching strategy that will in turn help him or her to improve performance. The effectiveness of MAE is because of the type of feedback provided, namely the same motor-perceptive language used by the participant. Results showed that for the MAE and DI groups the length of jump increased from pre- to post-instruction, but postinstruction performance of the MAE group was significantly that of both of the other groups. It appears that MAE is an easy-to-use method for rapidly improving motor performance in the school teaching setting.

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Michler, C., E. H. van Brummelen, and R. de Borst. "Error-amplification analysis of subiteration-preconditioned GMRES for fluid–structure interaction." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 195, no. 17-18 (March 2006): 2124–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2005.01.018.

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D'ariano, G. M., C. Macchiavello, and L. Maccone. "Noise, Errors and Information in Quantum Amplification." International Journal of Modern Physics B 11, no. 29 (November 20, 1997): 3385–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979297001660.

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We analyze and compare the characterization of a quantum device in terms of noise, transmitted bit-error-rate (BER) and mutual information, showing how the noise description is meaningful only for Gaussian channels. After reviewing the description of a quantum communication channel, we study the insertion of an amplifier. We focus attention on the case of direct detection, where the linear amplifier has a 3 decibels noise-figure, which is usually considered an unsurpassable limit, referred to as the standard quantum limit (SQL). Both noise and BER could be reduced using an ideal amplifier, which is feasible in principle. However, just a reduction of noise beyond the SQL does not generally correspond to an improvement of the BER or of the mutual information. This is the case of a laser amplifier, where saturation can greatly reduce the noise-figure, although there is no corresponding improvement of the BER. Such mechanism is illustrated on the basis of Monte Carlo simulations.

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Chu, Wai Keung, Peter Edge, Ho Suk Lee, Vikas Bansal, Vineet Bafna, Xiaohua Huang, and Kun Zhang. "Ultraaccurate genome sequencing and haplotyping of single human cells." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 47 (October 24, 2017): 12512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707609114.

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Accurate detection of variants and long-range haplotypes in genomes of single human cells remains very challenging. Common approaches require extensive in vitro amplification of genomes of individual cells using DNA polymerases and high-throughput short-read DNA sequencing. These approaches have two notable drawbacks. First, polymerase replication errors could generate tens of thousands of false-positive calls per genome. Second, relatively short sequence reads contain little to no haplotype information. Here we report a method, which is dubbed SISSOR (single-stranded sequencing using microfluidic reactors), for accurate single-cell genome sequencing and haplotyping. A microfluidic processor is used to separate the Watson and Crick strands of the double-stranded chromosomal DNA in a single cell and to randomly partition megabase-size DNA strands into multiple nanoliter compartments for amplification and construction of barcoded libraries for sequencing. The separation and partitioning of large single-stranded DNA fragments of the homologous chromosome pairs allows for the independent sequencing of each of the complementary and homologous strands. This enables the assembly of long haplotypes and reduction of sequence errors by using the redundant sequence information and haplotype-based error removal. We demonstrated the ability to sequence single-cell genomes with error rates as low as 10−8 and average 500-kb-long DNA fragments that can be assembled into haplotype contigs with N50 greater than 7 Mb. The performance could be further improved with more uniform amplification and more accurate sequence alignment. The ability to obtain accurate genome sequences and haplotype information from single cells will enable applications of genome sequencing for diverse clinical needs.

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Huang, Weiqing, Junkai Lian, Dawei An, Mingyang Chen, and Yinfeng Lei. "Bidirectional Drive with Inhibited Hysteresis for Piezoelectric Actuators." Sensors 22, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041546.

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Piezoelectric actuators with a flexible displacement amplification structure are widely used in the fields of precision driving and positioning. The displacement curve of conventional piezoelectric actuators is asymmetrical and non-linear, which leads to large non-linear errors and reduced positioning accuracy of these piezoelectric actuators. In this paper, a bidirectional active drive piezoelectric actuator is proposed, which suppresses the hysteresis phenomenon to a certain extent and reduces the non-linear error. Based on the deformation theory of the beam, a theoretical model of the rhombus mechanism was established, and the key parameters affecting the drive performance were analyzed. Then, the static and dynamic characteristics of series piezoelectric actuators were analyzed by the finite element method. A prototype was manufactured and the output performance was tested. The results show that the actuator can achieve a bidirectional symmetric output of amplification displacement, with a maximum value of 91.45 μm and a resolution of 35 nm. In addition, compared with the hysteresis loop of the piezoelectric stack, the nonlinear error is reduced by 62.94%.

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WATANABE, SHUN, RYUTAROH MATSUMOTO, and TOMOHIKO UYEMATSU. "NOISE TOLERANCE OF THE BB84 PROTOCOL WITH RANDOM PRIVACY AMPLIFICATION." International Journal of Quantum Information 04, no. 06 (December 2006): 935–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749906002316.

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This paper shows that the random privacy amplification is secure with a higher key rate than Mayers' evaluation at the same error rate in the BB84 protocol with one-way or two-way classical communications. There exists only Mayers' evaluation on the secure key rate with random privacy amplification that is applicable to the BB84 protocol with two-way classical communications. Our result improves the secure key rate of the random privacy amplification in the BB84 protocol with two-way classical communications.

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Baumgart, Marlene, Michael Riemer, Volkmar Wirth, Franziska Teubler, and Simon T. K. Lang. "Potential Vorticity Dynamics of Forecast Errors: A Quantitative Case Study." Monthly Weather Review 146, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): 1405–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-17-0196.1.

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Abstract Synoptic-scale error growth near the tropopause is investigated from a process-based perspective. Following previous work, a potential vorticity (PV) error tendency equation is derived and partitioned into individual contributions to yield insight into the processes governing error growth near the tropopause. Importantly, we focus here on the further amplification of preexisting errors and not on the origin of errors. The individual contributions to error growth are quantified in a case study of a 6-day forecast. In this case, localized mesoscale error maxima have formed by forecast day 2. These maxima organize into a wavelike pattern and reach the Rossby wave scale around forecast day 6. Error growth occurs most prominently within the Atlantic and Pacific Rossby wave patterns. In our PV framework, the error growth is dominated by the contribution of upper-level, near-tropopause PV anomalies (near-tropopause dynamics). Significant contributions from upper-tropospheric divergent flow (prominently associated with latent heat release below) and lower-tropospheric anomalies [tropospheric-deep (i.e., baroclinic) interaction] are associated with a misrepresentation of the surface cyclone development in the forecast. These contributions are, in general, of smaller importance to error growth than near-tropopause dynamics. This result indicates that the mesoscale errors generated near the tropopause do not primarily project on differences in the subsequent baroclinic growth, but instead directly project on the tropopause evolution and amplify because of differences in the nonlinear Rossby wave dynamics.

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Piccolo, Chiara. "Growth of Forecast Errors from Covariances Modeled by 4DVAR and ETKF Methods." Monthly Weather Review 139, no. 5 (May 2011): 1505–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010mwr3182.1.

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Numerical weather forecasting errors grow with time. Error growth results from the amplification of small perturbations due to atmospheric instability or from model deficiencies during model integration. In current NWP systems, the dimension of the forecast error covariance matrices is far too large for these matrices to be represented explicitly. They must be approximated. This paper focuses on comparing the growth of forecast error from covariances modeled by the Met Office operational four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR) and ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) methods over a period of 24 h. The growth of forecast errors implied by 4DVAR is estimated by drawing a random sample of initial conditions from a Gaussian distribution with the standard deviations given by the background error covariance matrix and then evolving the sample forward in time using linearized dynamics. The growth of the forecast error modeled by the ETKF is estimated by propagating the full nonlinear model in time starting from initial conditions generated by an ETKF. This method includes model errors in two ways: by using an inflation factor and by adding model perturbations through a stochastic physics scheme. Finally, these results are compared with a benchmark of the climatological error. The forecast error predicted by the implicit evolution of 4DVAR does not grow, regardless of the dataset used to generate the static background error covariance statistics. The forecast error predicted by the ETKF grows more rapidly because the ETKF selects balanced initial perturbations, which project onto rapidly growing modes. Finally, in both cases it is not possible to disentangle the contribution of the initial condition error from the model error.

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Lv, Zhenyang, Manzhi Yang, Linyue Li, Kaiyang Wei, Xiaodong Zhang, Haochen Gui, and Liang Wang. "Design and Performance Analysis of Precision Micro-drive Amplification Mechanism." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2087, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2087/1/012042.

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Abstract At present, there are shortcomings in the research of micro-drive amplification mechanism, such as insufficient precision and additional force. In this paper, a kind of micro-drive amplification mechanism is designed and its positioning accuracy is simulated. Firstly, a kind of micro-drive amplification mechanism is designed, which can accurately transform the input displacement of piezoelectric ceramic actuator (PZT) into the output displacement of a certain number of amplification. the theoretical motion magnification ratio of the mechanism is 3:1. Secondly, the kinematics and simulation of the mechanism were studied, and the conversion performance of the mechanism was analyzed. The results showed that the micro-drive amplification mechanism has the advantage of high positioning accuracy (maximum positioning error is 4.67%). Finally, through strength analysis and modal analysis, the performance of micro-drive amplification mechanism is studied. This study has some reference value for the research and application of precision micro-drive amplification mechanism.

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Piggott, Maxine P., Eva Bellemain, Pierre Taberlet, and Andrea C. Taylor. "A Multiplex Pre-Amplification Method that Significantly Improves Microsatellite Amplification and Error Rates for Faecal DNA in Limiting Conditions." Conservation Genetics 5, no. 3 (June 2004): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:coge.0000031138.67958.44.

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Kim, Younggy, and Desmond F. Lawler. "Selectivity coefficients of cation-exchange membranes: Maximizing consistency and minimizing error amplification." Separation and Purification Technology 81, no. 3 (October 2011): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2011.08.002.

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Ye, Lidan, Hua Zhao, Zhi Li, and Jin Chuan Wu. "Improved acid tolerance of Lactobacillus pentosus by error-prone whole genome amplification." Bioresource Technology 135 (May 2013): 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.042.

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Coulombel, Jean-François, and Mark Williams. "Amplification of pulses in nonlinear geometric optics." Journal of Hyperbolic Differential Equations 11, no. 04 (December 2014): 749–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219891614500234.

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In this companion paper to our study of amplification of wavetrains J.-F. Coulombel, O. Guès and M. Williams, Semilinear geometric optics with boundary amplification, Anal. PDE7(3) (2014) 551–625, we study weakly stable semilinear hyperbolic boundary value problems with pulse data. Here weak stability means that exponentially growing modes are absent, but the so-called uniform Lopatinskii condition fails at some boundary frequency in the hyperbolic region. As a consequence of this degeneracy there is again an amplification phenomenon: outgoing pulses of amplitude O(ε2) and wavelength ε give rise to reflected pulses of amplitude O(ε), so the overall solution has amplitude O(ε). Moreover, the reflecting pulses emanate from a radiating pulse that propagates in the boundary along a characteristic of the Lopatinskii determinant. In the case of N × N systems considered here, a single outgoing pulse produces on reflection a family of incoming pulses traveling at different group velocities. Unlike wavetrains, pulses do not interact to produce resonances that affect the leading order profiles. However, pulse interactions do affect lower-order profiles and so these interactions have to be estimated carefully in the error analysis. Whereas the error analysis in the wavetrain case dealt with small divisor problems by approximating periodic profiles by trigonometric polynomials (which amounts to using a high frequency cutoff), in the pulse case we approximate decaying profiles with nonzero moments by profiles with zero moments (a low frequency cutoff). Unlike the wavetrain case, we are now able to obtain a rate of convergence in the limit describing convergence of approximate to exact solutions.

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Vialard, Jérôme, Frédéric Vitart, Magdalena A. Balmaseda, Timothy N. Stockdale, and David L. T. Anderson. "An Ensemble Generation Method for Seasonal Forecasting with an Ocean–Atmosphere Coupled Model." Monthly Weather Review 133, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 441–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-2863.1.

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Abstract Seasonal forecasts are subject to various types of errors: amplification of errors in oceanic initial conditions, errors due to the unpredictable nature of the synoptic atmospheric variability, and coupled model error. Ensemble forecasting is usually used in an attempt to sample some or all of these various sources of error. How to build an ensemble forecasting system in the seasonal range remains a largely unexplored area. In this paper, various ensemble generation methodologies for the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) seasonal forecasting system are compared. A series of experiments using wind perturbations (applied when generating the oceanic initial conditions), sea surface temperature (SST) perturbations to those initial conditions, and random perturbation to the atmosphere during the forecast, individually and collectively, is presented and compared with the more usual lagged-average approach. SST perturbations are important during the first 2 months of the forecast to ensure a spread at least equal to the uncertainty level on the SST measure. From month 3 onward, all methods give a similar spread. This spread is significantly smaller than the rms error of the forecasts. There is also no clear link between the spread of the ensemble and the ensemble mean forecast error. These two facts suggest that factors not presently sampled in the ensemble, such as model error, act to limit the forecast skill. Methods that allow sampling of model error, such as multimodel ensembles, should be beneficial to seasonal forecasting.

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Fukui, Kenji, and Seiki Kuramitsu. "Simultaneous Use of MutS and RecA for Suppression of Nonspecific Amplification during PCR." Journal of Nucleic Acids 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/823730.

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Thermus thermophilusMutS, a thermostable mismatch-recognizing protein, is utilized in PCR to suppress nonspecific amplification by preventing synthesis from mismatched primers.T. thermophilusRecA also decreases nonspecific amplification by promoting proper hybridization between the primer and template. We observed that MutS and RecA function under the same reaction conditions and that MutS and RecA do not preclude each other. Furthermore, there were some DNA sequences for which only one of the 2 proteins effectively suppressed nonspecific amplification. The simultaneous use of MutS and RecA is a more attractive error-suppressing technique than the use of either of the 2 proteins alone.

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Kofoid, Eric, Ulfar Bergthorsson, E. Susan Slechta, and John R. Roth. "Formation of an F′ Plasmid by Recombination between Imperfectly Repeated Chromosomal Rep Sequences: a Closer Look at an Old Friend (F′128pro lac)." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 2 (January 15, 2003): 660–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.2.660-663.2003.

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ABSTRACT Plasmid F′128 was formed by an exchange between chromosomal Rep sequences that placed lac near dinB between many pairs of Rep sequences. Plasmid F′128 is critical for selection-enhanced lac reversion (adaptive mutation), which requires prior lac amplification. The structure of F′128 supports the idea that amplification is initiated by Rep-Rep recombination and that general mutagenesis requires coamplification of dinB (error-prone polymerase) with lac.

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Lonsinger, Robert C., David Daniel, Jennifer R. Adams, and Lisette P. Waits. "Consideration of sample source for establishing reliable genetic microsatellite data from mammalian carnivore specimens held in natural history collections." Journal of Mammalogy 100, no. 5 (July 26, 2019): 1678–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz112.

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AbstractSpecimens from natural history collections (NHCs) are increasingly being used for genetic studies and can provide information on extinct populations, facilitate comparisons of historical and contemporary populations, produce baseline data before environmental changes, and elucidate patterns of change. Destructive sampling for DNA may be in disagreement with NHC goals of long-term care and maintenance. Differentiating quality among sample sources can direct destructive sampling to the source predicted to yield the highest quality DNA and most reliable data, potentially reducing damage to specimens, laboratory costs, and genotyping errors. We used the kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) as a model species and evaluated the quality and reliability of genetic data obtained from carnivoran specimens via three different sample sources: cranial bones, nasal bones, and toepads. We quantified variation in microsatellite amplification success and genotyping error rates and assessed the reliability of source-specific genic data. Toepads had the highest amplification success rates and lowest genotyping error rates. Shorter loci had higher amplification success and lower allelic dropout rates than longer loci. There were substantial differences in the reliability of resulting multilocus genotypes. Toepads produced the most reliable data, required the fewest replicates, and therefore, had the lowest costs to achieve reliable data. Our results demonstrate that the quality of DNA obtained from specimens varies by sample source and can inform NHCs when evaluating requests for destructive sampling. Our results suggest that prior to large-scale specimen sampling, researchers should conduct pilot studies to differentiate among source-specific data reliability, identify high performing loci, reduce costs of analyses, and minimize destructive sampling.

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Şafak, Erdal. "Models and Methods to Characterize Site Amplification from a Pair of Records." Earthquake Spectra 13, no. 1 (February 1997): 97–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585934.

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The paper presents a tutorial review of the models and methods that are used to characterize site amplification from the pairs of rock- and soil-site records, and introduces some new techniques with better theoretical foundations. The models and methods discussed include spectral and cross-spectral ratios, spectral ratios for downhole records, response spectral ratios, constant amplification factors, parametric models, physical models, and time-varying filters. An extensive analytical and numerical error analysis of spectral and cross-spectral ratios shows that probabilistically cross-spectral ratios give more reliable estimates of site amplification. Spectral ratios should not be used to determine site amplification from downhole-surface recording pairs because of the feedback in the downhole sensor. Response spectral ratios are appropriate for low frequencies, but overestimate the amplification at high frequencies. The best method to be used depends on how much precision is required in the estimates.

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Chang, S. Y. "Discretization of Dynamic Loading in Time History Analysis." Journal of Mechanics 30, no. 1 (November 14, 2013): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2013.68.

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ABSTRACTAlthough the numerical properties of a step-by-step integration method can be evaluated based on the currently available techniques, there is still lack of a technique for evaluating its capability to capture dynamic loading. In this work, the amplitude error caused by the step discretization error is identified and the correlation between the relative amplitude error and relative step discretization error is analytically established. As a result, it is thoroughly confirmed that the asymptotic constant of the discretization error amplification factor for the displacement response to a cosine loading can be considered as an indicator of the capability to capture dynamic loading for a general step-by-step integration method.

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Demba, Musa Ahmed, Higinio Ramos, Poom Kumam, and Wiboonsak Watthayu. "A Phase-Fitted and Amplification-Fitted Explicit Runge–Kutta–Nyström Pair for Oscillating Systems." Mathematical and Computational Applications 26, no. 3 (August 24, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mca26030059.

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An optimized embedded 5(3) pair of explicit Runge–Kutta–Nyström methods with four stages using phase-fitted and amplification-fitted techniques is developed in this paper. The new adapted pair can exactly integrate (except round-off errors) the common test: y″=−w2y. The local truncation error of the new method is derived, and we show that the order of convergence is maintained. The stability analysis is addressed, and we demonstrate that the developed method is absolutely stable, and thus appropriate for solving stiff problems. The numerical experiments show a better performance of the new embedded pair in comparison with other existing RKN pairs of similar characteristics.

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You, Xiong. "Limit-Cycle-Preserving Simulation of Gene Regulatory Oscillators." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2012 (2012): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/673296.

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In order to simulate gene regulatory oscillators more effectively, Runge-Kutta (RK) integrators are adapted to the limit-cycle structure of the system. Taking into account the oscillatory feature of the gene regulatory oscillators, phase-fitted and amplification-fitted Runge-Kutta (FRK) methods are designed. New FRK methods with phase-fitted and amplification-fitted updated are also considered. The error coefficients and the error constant for each of new FRK methods are obtained. In the numerical simulation of the two-gene regulatory system, the new methods are shown to be more accurate and more efficient than their prototype RK methods in the long-term integration. It is a new discovery that the best fitting frequency not only depends on the problem to be solved, but also depends on the method.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Amplification of error'

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