Journal articles on the topic 'Amphipods'
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1
Mayer, C. M., L. G. Rudstam, E. L. Mills, S. G. Cardiff, and C. A. Bloom. "Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), habitat alteration, and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) foraging: system-wide effects and behavioural mechanisms." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, no. 12 (December 1, 2001): 2459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f01-176.
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The aggregate impact of an exotic species introduction, such as the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), may involve a large number of biotic and abiotic interactions within the recipient ecosystem. We used laboratory experiments and field data to assess effects of zebra mussels on both foraging success of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and activity of the amphipod Gammarus fasciatus. In two laboratory experiments zebra mussel clusters reduced the rate at which yellow perch captured amphipods. Yellow perch captured fewer amphipods when zebra mussels were present at two light levels (<2.1 and >214 lx) and across a range of prey densities (761500 amphipods·m2). The effect of zebra mussels on amphipod activity depended on light level. Yellow perch captured fewer amphipods in the presence of mussel clusters than when plants were present. The frequency of amphipods in the diets of adult yellow perch in Oneida Lake increased after zebra mussel introduction, but the increase was greater in low mussel density habitats. Our laboratory results and field observations suggest that zebra mussels affect yellow perch foraging on amphipods through increased structural complexity (negative) and increased light penetration ( positive), but not through increased prey density.
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Vonk, Ronald, and Frederick R. Schram. "Three new tanaid species (Crustacea, Peracarida, Tanaidacea) from the Lower Cretaceous Álava amber in northern Spain." Journal of Paleontology 81, no. 6 (November 2007): 1502–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/05-020.1.
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Marine crustaceans were not known as inclusions in amber from upper Aptian–middle Albian deposits in Northern Spain. The publication of a photograph of a purported fossil amphipod (Alonso et al., 2000) among many other arthropods promised to be of high interest because the fossil record of the amphipoda does not extend further than Upper Eocene (Schram, 1986; Coleman and Myers, 2000). The Museum of Natural Sciences of Álava in Vitoria-Gasteiz (AMNS), northern Spain, kindly sent us the material with the presumed amphipods, as our intention was to investigate its affinities to other fossil amphipods. The fossil crustaceans of this assemblage were found among 15 orders of insects, spiders, and mites—i.e., mainly terrestrial arthropods.
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González, María J., and Amy Downing. "Mechanisms underlying amphipod responses to zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) invasion and implications for fish-amphipod interactions." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): 679–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f98-211.
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We examined mechanisms underlying increased amphipod abundance after zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) invaded Lake Erie. We conducted field substrate preference experiments to test the hypotheses that amphipods prefer (i) high-complexity substrates over low-complexity substrates and (or) (ii) substrates with high mussel feces and pseudofeces deposition over substrates with low deposition. We measured amphipod preference for bare rock, live mussels, and dead mussels in spring (May 1996) and summer (July and August 1995, June and August 1996). Habitat complexity affected amphipod habitat preference, and preference varied seasonally. In spring, amphipod density was highest on dead mussels, but the response was highly variable. In midsummer (June and July), amphipods showed no substrate preference. In late summer (August), amphipods consistently preferred high-complexity mussel substrates. Amphipods never preferred low-complexity substrates. We also evaluated effects of zebra mussel presence on fish-amphipod interactions in laboratory feeding trials. We tested the hypothesis that mussel presence decreases bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) predation on amphipods. Predation by bluegill but not yellow perch was significantly lowered by mussel presence. Our results support the hypothesis that the increase in amphipods upon zebra mussel invasion is due to increased habitat complexity, possibly by reducing predation risk. However, the effects of zebra mussel on fish-amphipod interactions depended on predator species.
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Paidere, Jana, Aija Brakovska, Linda Bankovska, and Dāvis Gruberts. "Changes in the distribution of amphipods in the Daugava River, Latvia." Zoology and Ecology 29, no. 2 (July 30, 2019): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.35513/21658005.2019.2.4.
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Scientific information on amphipods and other peracaridan crustaceans in Latvian inland waters is insufficient. Therefore investigations of these animals are indispensable, especially because of the ongoing biological invasions of Ponto-Caspian amphipods causing changes in macroinvertebrate assemblages. Our recent investigation revealed that the alien amphipod Gammarus varsoviensis dominates amphipods in the upper courses of the Daugava River, whereas the other alien amphipod Pontogammarus robustoides prevails in the lower reaches of the river. Both these Ponto-Caspian amphipods were found co-occurring with the indigenous Gammarus pulex in the middle course of the Daugava River upstream from the Pļaviņas Reservoir. We predict that in the future the indigenous G. pulex will be fully exterminated by alien amphipods in the Latvian part of the Daugava River.
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Amsler, Margaret O., James B. Mcclintock, Charles D. Amsler, Robert A. Angus, and Bill J. Baker. "An evaluation of sponge-associated amphipods from the Antarctic Peninsula." Antarctic Science 21, no. 6 (September 2, 2009): 579–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102009990356.
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AbstractNearshore marine benthic algal communities along the western Antarctic Peninsula harbour extremely high densities of amphipods that probably play important roles in nutrient and energy flow. This study extends our evaluation of the importance of amphipods in the nearshore Antarctic Peninsular benthic communities and focuses on sponge associations. We found a mean density of 542 amphipods per litre (L) sponge for twelve species of ecologically dominant sponges. The highest mean density (1295 amphipods per L sponge) occurred withDendrilla membranosaPallas. The amphipod community associated with the 12 sponges was diverse (38 species), with mean species richness values ranging from two to eight species. Mean Shannon diversity indices (H’) ranged from 0.52 to 1.49. Amphipods did not appear to have obligate host relationships. Qualitative gut content analyses indicated that 12 of the 38 amphipod species were found with sponge spicules in their guts. However, only one of the amphipods,Echiniphimedia hodgsoniWalker, had considerable amounts of spicules in the gut. Organic lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts of the twelve sponges were presented in alginate food disks to a sympatric omnivorous amphipod in feeding bioassays and extracts of only two sponges deterred feeding.
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Dimova, Mariya, Ekaterina Madyarova, Anton Gurkov, Polina Drozdova, Yulia Lubyaga, Elizaveta Kondrateva, Renat Adelshin, and Maxim Timofeyev. "Genetic diversity of Microsporidia in the circulatory system of endemic amphipods from different locations and depths of ancient Lake Baikal." PeerJ 6 (August 2, 2018): e5329. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5329.
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Endemic amphipods (Amphipoda, Crustacea) of the most ancient and large freshwater Lake Baikal (Siberia, Russia) are a highly diverse group comprising >15% of all known species of continental amphipods. The extensive endemic biodiversity of Baikal amphipods provides the unique opportunity to study interactions and possible coevolution of this group and their parasites, such as Microsporidia. In this study, we investigated microsporidian diversity in the circulatory system of 22 endemic species of amphipods inhabiting littoral, sublittoral and deep-water zones in all three basins of Lake Baikal. Using molecular genetic techniques, we found microsporidian DNA in two littoral (Eulimnogammarus verrucosus,Eulimnogammarus cyaneus), two littoral/sublittoral (Pallasea cancellus,Eulimnogammarus marituji) and two sublittoral/deep-water (Acanthogammarus lappaceus longispinus,Acanthogammarus victorii maculosus) endemic species. Twenty sequences of the small subunit ribosomal (SSU) rDNA were obtained from the haemolymph of the six endemic amphipod species sampled from 0–60 m depths at the Southern Lake Baikal’s basin (only the Western shore) and at the Central Baikal. They form clusters with similarity toEnterocytospora,Cucumispora,Dictyocoela, and several unassigned Microsporidia sequences, respectively. Our sequence data show similarity to previously identified microsporidian DNA from inhabitants of both Lake Baikal and other water reservoirs. The results of our study suggest that the genetic diversity of Microsporidia in haemolymph of endemic amphipods from Lake Baikal does not correlate with host species, geographic location or depth factors but is homogeneously diverse.
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LOWRY, J. K., and A. A. MYERS. "Foreword." Zootaxa 2260, no. 1 (October 8, 2009): 17–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.3.
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With the publication of the ABRS Zoological Catalogue to Australian amphipods (Lowry & Stoddart 2003) it became apparent that nearly all of the effort to document the Australian amphipod fauna was concentrated in the temperate southern parts of the country. In tropical Australia, only the monograph of Zeidler (1978) on the pelagic hyperiidean amphipods of Queensland and several short papers on benthic amphipods (K.H. Barnard 1931; Lowry 1981; Berents 1983; Stock 1984; Thomas & Barnard 1990, 1991a, b) specifically targeted the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Other workers included GBR species within broader Australian studies on benthic amphipods (Myers 1988; Lowry & Stoddart 1990, 1992). Since the publication of the catalogue (Lowry & Stoddart 2003), several important monographs: Guerra-Garcia 2006 on the caprellids of Queensland; Peart 2007a, b on the ampithoid genera Ampithoe and Cymadusa and several short papers: Lowry & Azman 2008; and Yerman & Krapp-Schickel 2008 have recorded tropical species. Prior to the beginning of this project there were about 1000 benthic amphipods known from temperate Australia, but less than 90 species known from tropical Australia. This book is therefore the foundation study on the tropical benthic amphipods of Australia. Although it describes many of the amphipods of the Great Barrier Reef, it indicates the richness of species only on the GBR and certainly not the richness of amphipod species in tropical Australian waters. A checklist of the amphipod species known from tropical Australia is given below.
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Arfianti, Tri, Simon Wilson, and Mark John Costello. "Progress in the discovery of amphipod crustaceans." PeerJ 6 (July 11, 2018): e5187. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5187.
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At present, amphipod crustaceans comprise 9,980 species, 1,664 genera, 444 subfamilies, and 221 families. Of these, 1,940 species (almost 20%) have been discovered within the last decade, including 18 fossil records for amphipods, which mostly occurred in Miocene amber and are probably all freshwater species. There have been more authors describing species since the 1950s and fewer species described per author since the 1860s, implying greater taxonomic effort and that it might be harder to find new amphipod species, respectively. There was no evidence of any change in papers per author or publication life-times of taxonomists over time that might have biased apparent effort. Using a nonhomogeneous renewal process model, we predicted that by the year 2100, 5,600 to 6,600 new amphipod species will be discovered. This indicates that about two-thirds of amphipods remain to be discovered which is twice the proportion than for species overall. Amphipods thus rank amongst the least well described taxa. To increase the prospect of discovering new amphipod species, studying undersampled areas and benthic microhabitats are recommended.
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Vader, Wim, and Anne Helene S. Tandberg. "Amphipods and sea anemones, an update." Journal of Crustacean Biology 40, no. 6 (September 2, 2020): 872–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa061.
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Abstract We present an updated survey of the Amphipoda that live in association with sea anemones. These amphipods can be divided into four groups: 1) symbiotic amphipods using sea anemones mainly for protection, but feeding largely independently; 2) amphipods feeding on sea anemones, but not permanently associated; 3) symbiotic amphipods living permanently among the tentacles of the sea anemones; and 4) symbiotic amphipods living permanently in the gastrovascular cavity of the sea anemones. Contrary to previous speculations, it appears that the amphipods in groups 3 and 4 mainly feed on host tissue, and the anemone-eating amphipods can therefore generally be classified as micropredators (group 2), ectoparasites (group 3), and almost endoparasites (especially those species in group 4 that spend their entire life cycle inside their hosts). Although the associates in the latter two groups show various minor morphological, reproductive, and physiological adaptations to the symbiosis, these associations evolved many times independently. We provide new information on feeding ecology and a discussion of the evolution of these associations.
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Christiansen, Bernd. "Bait-Attending Amphipods in the Deep Sea: A Comparison of Three Localities in the North-Eastern Atlantic." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 76, no. 2 (May 1996): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400030599.
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Scavenging amphipods were studied at three locations along the 20°W meridian in the north-eastern Atlantic using vertical arrays of baited traps. The sampling sites had several features in common. All amphipods captured belonged to the superfamily Lysianassoidea. Generally, highest densities of amphipods were found in the bottom traps. Abundances as well as species diversity were strongly reduced in traps exposed from 8–500 m above bottom. However, differences between stations occurred in standing stocks, decreasing from north to south, in the taxonomic composition of the bait-attending amphipods and in the vertical distribution and size structure of the giant amphipod Eurythenes giyllus.. Possible reasons for the differences between the locations are discussed and the establishment of at least two provinces in terms of bait-attending amphipods in the eastern North Atlantic is suggested.
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MARIN, IVAN, and DMITRY PALATOV. "An occasional record of the amplexus in epigean Niphargus (Amphipoda: Niphargidae) from the Russian Western Caucasus." Zootaxa 4701, no. 1 (November 26, 2019): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4701.1.8.
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The precopulatory mate guarding (amplexus) was observed in epigean Niphargus cf. magnus Birštein, 1940 collected near Tuapse in the Western Caucasus of Russia. The records of amplexing representatives of the subterranean genus Niphargus Schiödte, 1849 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) are extremely rare, and there are no publications describing the amplexus in this amphipod genus. The presented report shows that Niphargus have a chemically stimulated short-time amplexus immediately after the molt of the female, similar to the representatives of relative epigean and subterranean gammaridean amphipods. It is relatively short in time, possibly, because of adaptation to inhabit narrows spaces in underground habitats.
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Poulin, R., and A. D. M. Latham. "Inequalities in size and intensity-dependent growth in a mermithid nematode parasitic in beach hoppers." Journal of Helminthology 76, no. 1 (March 2002): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh200195.
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AbstractInequality in body sizes is a common feature in populations of helminth parasites, with potential consequences for egg production and population genetics. Inequalities in body lengths and the effects of intraspecific competition on worm length were studied in a species of mermithid nematode parasitic in the crustacean Talorchestia quoyana (Amphipoda: Talitridae). The majority of the 753 worms recovered were relatively small, and an analysis using a Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient suggested that there were no marked inequalities in body lengths among the worms. Total worm length in the 356 infected amphipods (i.e. the sum of the lengths of all the worms in a host) increased steadily as a function of the number of worms per amphipod, whereas the length of the longest worm per amphipod peaked in amphipods harbouring intermediate numbers of worms. This last result was not significantly accounted for by the observed increase in host size with increasing intensity of infection, but resulted from a correlation between worm length and host size. As the number of worms per amphipod increased, the relative sizes of the second-, third-, and fourth-longest worms per host increased markedly. This means that relative inequalities in sizes become less pronounced, i.e. subordinate worms get closer in size to the longest worm, as the number of worms per host increases. The main consequence of this phenomenon is that worm sizes in the mermithid population are more homogeneous than they would be if intraspecific competition had stronger effects on worm growth.
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Dvoretsky, Alexander G., Mariana P. Plaksina, and Vladimir G. Dvoretsky. "First Record of Nematode Larvae in the Amphipod Ischyrocerus commensalis Colonizing Red King Crabs in the Barents Sea." Diversity 15, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15010040.
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In this study, nematodes were first reported in the amphipods, Ischyrocerus commensalis, collected from the introduced and commercially important red king crabs, Paralithodes camtschaticus, in the coastal Barents Sea in July 2022. Commensal amphipods were registered on all red king crabs captured (n = 70, prevalence 100%). Further laboratory analysis revealed that 11 out of 467 amphipod individuals (prevalence 2.4%) harbored single third-stage larvae of Hysterothylacium sp. l. (Nematoda: Anisakidae). The nematode larvae ranged from 0.63 to 6.10 mm in body length. Due to the low prevalence of nematodes and lower vulnerability of the host amphipods to fish predators, negative effects on the Barents Sea ecosystem through the range expansion of crab-associated amphipods and their parasites are unlikely.
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MYERS, A. A., and J. K. LOWRY. "The biogeography of Indo-West Pacific tropical amphipods with particular reference to Australia." Zootaxa 2260, no. 1 (October 8, 2009): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.4.
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The extant distribution of amphipods in the tropical Indo-Pacific can be understood only by reference to the positions of shallow seas during the past two hundred million years. Amphipods attributable to extant families, even genera, were in existence in Mesozoic times. A number of amphipod families can be recognized as Gondwanan in origin, but Laurasian families, except in fresh waters, are more difficult to identify. The tropical amphipod fauna of Australia/New Guinea is thought to have evolved in situ until at least 15 Ma, when the continent reached proximity with Asia. Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity of Indo-Pacific amphipod families supports this hypothesis.
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Jeffery, Nicholas W., Lev Yampolsky, and T. Ryan Gregory. "Nuclear DNA content correlates with depth, body size, and diversification rate in amphipod crustaceans from ancient Lake Baikal, Russia." Genome 60, no. 4 (April 2017): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2016-0128.
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Lake Baikal in Russia is a large, ancient lake that has been the site of a major radiation of amphipod crustaceans. Nearly 400 named species are known in this single lake, and it is thought that many more await description. The size and depth of Lake Baikal, in particular, may have contributed to the radiation of endemic amphipods by providing a large number of microhabitats for species to invade and subsequently experience reproductive isolation. Here we investigate the possibility that large-scale genomic changes have also accompanied diversification in these crustaceans. Specifically, we report genome size estimates for 36 species of Baikal amphipods, and examine the relationship between genome size, body size, and the maximum depths at which the amphipods are found in the lake. Genome sizes ranged nearly 8-fold in this sample of amphipod species, from 2.15 to 16.63 pg, and there were significant, positive, phylogenetically corrected relationships between genome size, body size, maximum depth, and diversification rate among these species. Our results suggest that major genomic changes, including transposable element proliferation, have accompanied speciation that was driven by selection for differences in body size and habitat preference in Lake Baikal amphipods.
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Jażdżewski, Krzysztof, and Alicja Konopacka. "Necrophagous lysianassoid Amphipoda in the diet of Antarctic tern at King George Island, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 11, no. 3 (September 1999): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102099000401.
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Amphipod crustaceans constituted 30% of the food biomass from the stomachs of Antarctic tern (Sterna vittata) captured at King George Island in three consecutive seasons. Five species of lysianassoid amphipods occurred in the material: Abyssorchomene plebs, Cheirimedon femoratus, Hippomedon kergueleni, Waldeckia obesa and Orchomenella rotundifrons. All these amphipods are known as necrophages inhabiting the upper and middle sublittoral of western Antarctic. They are commonly caught in masses in baited traps, but never occur in the littoral zone or in tidal pools. It is suggested that the source of the amphipod diet of S. vittata are seal or penguin carcasses and dead fish brought by waves to the tidal zone, serving as a bait for necrophagous amphipod crustaceans when submerged in water before stranding on the beach.
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Beare, D. J., and P. G. Moore. "The Contribution of Amphipoda to the Diet of Certain Inshore Fish Species in Kames Bay, Millport." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 77, no. 3 (August 1997): 907–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400036274.
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Thirteen species of Amphipoda have been recorded from the stomachs of plaice and 11 species from dabs, with Perioculodes longimanus the most notable prey oedicerotid in both flatfish species sampled from the shallow sublittoral zone (<-6 m depth) at Kames Bay, Millport. Plaice took mostly bivalve siphon tips (Angulus sp.). Polychaetes were more numerous in larger plaice. Sand gobies specialized on small crustaceans, taking 13 amphipod species inter alia (with P. longimanus again the most notable oedicerotid). Amphipod numbers in sand goby stomachs increased with the length of the fish. Neither dabs nor sand gobies consumed bivalve siphon tips and only rarely consumed polychaetes. Although amphipods formed only a minor part of the diet of plaice, at the population density known for this species in this bay, its depredations would still constitute an important selective agency governing patterns of activity in epibenthic oedicerotids.
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Arfianti, Tri, Hendra F. Sihaloho, Triyoni Purbonegoro, Suratno, and Zainal Arifin. "AMPHIPOD DISTRIBUTION IN THE SOFT-BOTTOM SUBTIDAL ZONES OF JAVA ISLAND IN RELATION TO SEDIMENT TYPES." Marine Research in Indonesia 40, no. 1 (December 31, 2015): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v40i1.68.
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Amphipods inhabit many marine benthic habitats and have an important ecological role. However, there is a lack of information about Indonesian amphipod diversity and distribution, especially in the shallow subtidal sediments of Probolinggo and Tangerang. During the transition to the monsoon season in September 2014, eight subtidal stations were sampled in Bayeman (Probolinggo) on East Java and seven subtidal stations were sampled in Kramat Kebo (Tangerang) in West Java. A total of 7346 amphipods individuals were collected, comprising five genera. Genus Photis was the most abundant group, followed by Grandidierella and Synchelidium. Multivariate analyses of these data indicated that sampling location and sediment granulometry were major determinants of distribution and composition of amphipods in Probolinggo and Tangerang.
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Spicer, John I., and David Morritt. "Oxygen Carriage By the Haemolymph of Hyperiid Amphipods." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 75, no. 4 (November 1995): 997–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400038339.
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The oxygen content of air-equilibrated haemolymph from three species of hyperiid amphipods, Hyperoche medusarum, Parathemisto sp. and Hyperia galba was similar to that of air-equilibrated sea-water. The concentration of haemolymph protein was low in each case. Both features, taken together with the fact that we were unable to detect the presence of copper in the haemolymph in any of the species examined, suggests that hyperiids, unlike gammaridean amphipods, do not possess the respiratory pigment haemocyanin.All the information available on the O2-binding properties of amphipod haemolymph has been derived from members of the amphipod sub-order Gammaridea. In common with many other crustaceans (Truchot, 1992), O2 carriage in gammarid haemolymph is facilitated by the presence of the copper-containing respiratory protein, haemocyanin (Spicer, 1994). Unfortunately no comparable data exist for the other major amphipod sub-orders, the Hyperiidea, the Caprellidea and the Ingolfiellidea. Consequently we have examined haemolymph from three species of hyperiid amphipod, Hyperoche medusarum (Miiller, 1777) and Parathemisto sp., from the west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada, and Hyperia galba (Montagu, 1813) from the Clyde Sea area, Scotland.
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Strode, Evita, and Maija Balode. "Toxico-resistance of Baltic amphipod species to heavy metals." Crustaceana 86, no. 7-8 (2013): 1007–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003208.
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Benthic organisms are important components of aquatic ecosystems and have been widely used to assess environmental pollution. Being very sensitive to a wide range of toxicants amphipods are often used as test objects in eco-toxicological studies. The aim of this study was to compare toxico-resistance of various Baltic amphipod species to exposure of heavy metals. The acute toxicity (48-h LC50 and 96-h LC50) of cadmium (CdCl2), copper (CuSO4) and zinc (ZnSO4 ⋅ 7H2O) was detected experimentally, using juveniles and adults of brackish water amphipods, Monoporeia affinis, Bathyporeia pilosa, Gammarus tigrinus, Pontogammarus robustoides and the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex as test objects. Amphipods were collected in Latvian territorial waters of the Open Baltic Sea, the Gulf of Riga and in a freshwater body (Kalkugrava canal). Sensitivity of native amphipod species was compared to Hyalella azteca (a species widespread in North America; a strain obtained from the Chesapeake Culture Collection, Hayes, VA, U.S.A.). High sensitivity of all tested amphipod species, except M. affinis, to heavy metals was observed. A two-way ANOVA analysis showed significant differences in toxico-resistance of selected test objects (). The highest toxico-resistance was shown by the brackish water amphipod M. affinis (96-h LC50: Cd 5.16 mg/l; Cu 5.68 mg/l; Zn 11.31 mg/l), but the lowest by the freshwater species G. pulex and H. azteca (96-h LC50 for Cd 0.005 and 0.007 mg/l, accordingly). Cadmium was the most toxic from the tested heavy metals, followed by copper and zinc.
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GRAENING, G. O., D. CHRISTOPHER ROGERS, JOHN R. HOLSINGER, CHERYL BARR, and RICHARD BOTTORFF. "Checklist of Inland Aquatic Amphipoda (Crustacea: Malacostraca) of California." Zootaxa 3544, no. 1 (November 8, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3544.1.1.
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We present the first comprehensive checklist of Amphipoda in Californian inland waters. Amphipod distributionrecords were based upon a thorough literature review and unpublished data of colleagues, as well as the collectionsof the authors. We report 62 species in 24 genera and 14 families, including 7 new taxa awaiting formal description.Sixteen species are exotic and at least 20 species are subterranean obligates. Endemicity is high: 40% of the nativefauna are limited to a single locale, typically a spring or cave stream, and another 3 species are known from just 2locales each. Conservation status rank revisions are offered in order to update the California Natural Diversity Da-tabase and IUCN Red List. Threats from invasive species are briefly discussed, as well as the use of amphipods as bioindicators.
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Myers, A. A. "Species and Generic Gamma-Scale Diversity in Shallow-Water Marine Amphipoda with Particular Reference to the Mediterranean." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 76, no. 1 (February 1996): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540002912x.
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Major hotspots of amphipod species richness and of species and generic endemicity can be recognized in shallow seas. Recognition of ‘hotspots’ for amphipods must take account of the species-area relationship but not of latitude. The richness and endemicity of amphipods in the Mediterranean Sea is shown to be high when compared with other shallow seas This indicates a long in situ evolutionary history and is therefore not compatible with the hypothesis that the Mediterranean fauna was extirpated in the late Miocene.
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Ali, Mohammad, Aws Al-Ghunaim, M. N. V. Subrahmanyam, Yousef Al-Enezi, Turki Al-Said, Walid Al-Zakri, Hanan Al-Adila, and Vladimir A. Grintsov. "On the diversity of amphipods inhabiting Sargassum as well as clear areas in Kuwait coastal waters, with an assessment of the effect of turbidity and notes on their abundance, composition, and distribution: a preliminary study." Crustaceana 91, no. 7 (2018): 767–819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003799.
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Abstract The distribution and abundance patterns of amphipods associated with Sargassum species were studied on a spatial scale along Kuwait’s coastal waters. Macroalgae, in particular Sargassum spp., are known to host a high biodiversity of marine fauna, particularly amphipods, when compared to non-Sargassum (“clear”) areas. Amphipods are an important component in the food web, being consumed by different stages of fish. Sargassum was sampled from four different stations in Kuwait’s waters to determine the amphipod species composition and density. Physicochemical parameters were measured at the time of sampling at each station, focusing on turbidity, as this can promote variation in the faunal distribution between areas, and it was the only non-biological factor showing a distinctive pattern between stations in this study. The objectives of this study thus were to describe the amphipod biodiversity in Sargassum communities and to measure the difference in diversity between Sargassum and clear areas, while concurrently taking into account the effect of turbidity. The most abundant amphipods represented were Pontocrates sp. (cf. arenarius (Spence Bate, 1858)), Ericthonius sp. (cf. forbesii Hughes & Lowry, 2006), Maxillipius rectitelson Ledoyer, 1973, and Podocerus mamlahensis Myers & Nithyanandan, 2016. Among the measured physicochemical parameters, only turbidity had a significant effect on the biodiversity of amphipods (, ) with a negative relationship based on the general linear model test. The effect of Sargassum and non-Sargassum areas on amphipod diversity was statistically not significant (, ). Also, there was no interaction between turbidity and Sargassum/clear areas (, ). However, the diversity was observed to be higher in Sargassum areas of all stations as compared to their clear counterparts, except in Khairan during January 2016, where the situation was the opposite. The abundance was highest in low turbidity, particularly at Salmyia station, compared to the high turbidity conditions at the stations at Failaka and Green Island. The species composition differed as well, the number of species found being the highest in the Sargassum area of Salmyia Station and the lowest at Failaka Island (highest turbidity). Only Salmyia Station (low turbidity) contained 27 species in its Sargassum area, of which only few were present at other stations in both areas. Turbidity affected the diversity of amphipods, and diversity was higher in Sargassum areas at all stations except Khairan in January 2016, but that difference was not significant.
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Romanova, Elena V., Yurij S. Bukin, Kirill V. Mikhailov, Maria D. Logacheva, Vladimir V. Aleoshin, and Dmitry Y. Sherbakov. "The Mitochondrial Genome of a Freshwater Pelagic Amphipod Macrohectopus branickii Is among the Longest in Metazoa." Genes 12, no. 12 (December 20, 2021): 2030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12122030.
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There are more than 350 species of amphipods (Crustacea) in Lake Baikal, which have emerged predominantly through the course of endemic radiation. This group represents a remarkable model for studying various aspects of evolution, one of which is the evolution of mitochondrial (mt) genome architectures. We sequenced and assembled the mt genome of a pelagic Baikalian amphipod species Macrohectopus branickii. The mt genome is revealed to have an extraordinary length (42,256 bp), deviating significantly from the genomes of other amphipod species and the majority of animals. The mt genome of M. branickii has a unique gene order within amphipods, duplications of the four tRNA genes and Cox2, and a long non-coding region, that makes up about two thirds of the genome’s size. The extension of the mt genome was most likely caused by multiple duplications and inversions of regions harboring ribosomal RNA genes. In this study, we analyzed the patterns of mt genome length changes in amphipods and other animal phyla. Through a statistical analysis, we demonstrated that the variability in the mt genome length may be a characteristic of certain phyla and is primarily conferred by expansions of non-coding regions.
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Wilhelm, Frank M., Juliane Hamann, and Carolyn W. Burns. "Mysid predation on amphipods and Daphnia in a shallow coastal lake: prey selection and effects of macrophytes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 12 (December 1, 2002): 1901–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-161.
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Interactions between mysids and invertebrates other than pelagic zooplankton have not been well studied. We tested the hypothesis that the mysid Tenagomysis chiltoni preys on the co-occurring amphipod Paracalliope fluviatilis in laboratory experiments. In prey size preference experiments with single prey species, male and female T. chiltoni consumed more small than large amphipods in the absence of the macrophyte Elodea canadensis, but were not selective when macrophytes were present. When offered small and large Daphnia, T. chiltoni males consumed more small than large Daphnia, whereas female T. chiltoni did not show any preference. When amphipods and Daphnia of similar size were presented together, male T. chiltoni strongly selected Daphnia in the presence and absence of E. canadensis, whereas female mysids did so only in the presence of macrophytes. The total number of prey consumed by each sex did not differ between macrophyte treatments. However, female T. chiltoni, which are larger than males, consumed more prey than males. These data suggest that mysids may be an important source of mortality to the amphipod P. fluviatilis. Mysids may also prey on amphipods in other aquatic systems where they co-occur.
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Marsden, Islay D., and Carol H. T. Wong. "Effects of sediment copper on a tube-dwelling estuarine amphipod, Paracorophium excavatum." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 7 (2001): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf00139.
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Amphipods, Paracorophium excavatum, were exposed for 10 days to copper-spiked sediments in the concentration range 3–84 µg g –1 dry wt of sediment. Percent emergence was low, ranging from 0.18% to 2.1%, but increased with exposure time and with copper concentration. Amphipod mortality increased with exposure time and sediment copper concentration, following a linear relationship; the Cu 10-day LC 50 value was 55 µg g –1 . Mortality was <5% in the control (natural) sediment containing 3µg g–1 copper. >85% of surviving amphipods reburied themselves within 1 h, and therefore this behaviour was not a good discriminator for potentially toxic sediments. The concentration of copper within the whole-body tissues of P. excavatum (µg Cu g –1 ) was mostly independent of dry body weight within the range 0.12–0.37 mg. Average copper concentrations within the tissues ranged from 169 to 490 µg Cu g –1 , with higher variability in amphipods exposed to sediment copper concentrations of 16 and 32 µg g –1 . Amphipod tissue copper concentration increased with sediment copper concentration. It was concluded that P. excavatum is a suitable indicator species for use in ecotoxicological tests for potentially toxic marine and estuarine sediments.
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Schram, Julie B., Margaret O. Amsler, Aaron W. E. Galloway, Charles D. Amsler, and James B. McClintock. "Fatty acid trophic transfer of Antarctic algae to a sympatric amphipod consumer." Antarctic Science 31, no. 6 (October 22, 2019): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102019000397.
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The shallow benthos along the western Antarctic Peninsula supports brown macroalgal forests with dense amphipod assemblages, commonly including Gondogeneia antarctica (Amsler et al. 2014). Gondogeneia antarctica and most other amphipods are chemically deterred from consuming the macroalgae (Amsler et al. 2014). They primarily consume diatoms, other microalgae, filamentous macroalgae and a few undefended macroalgal species, including Palmaria decipiens (Aumack et al. 2017). Although unpalatable when alive, G. antarctica and other amphipods will consume the chemically defended brown algae Himantothallus grandifolius and Desmarestia anceps within a few weeks of death (Amsler et al. 2014).
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ROUSOU, MARIA, WANDA PLAITI, JIM LOWRY, STEPHANOS CHARALAMBOUS, and CHARITON CHARLES CHINTIROGLOU. "Amphipoda species (Suborders: Amphilochidea and Senticaudata) from Vasiliko Bay, Cyprus: New records, information on their biogeography and an annotated checklist from the coasts of Cyprus." Zootaxa 4896, no. 3 (December 22, 2020): 373–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4896.3.3.
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Current information on soft-bottom benthic amphipod species of the south coasts of Cyprus is scarce. In the summer of 2013, a research survey was carried out, targeting the Vasiliko Bay and the nearby coastal area which is influenced by multiple human-induced stressors. Analysis of 126 samples revealed the presence of 2,122 individual amphipods (Amphilochidea and Senticaudata) belonging to 25 families and 52 species. Twenty-four species are new records for Cyprus increasing the number of amphipods to 141 species. In Vasiliko Bay, two amphipod species presented the highest abundances and were found to be constant (Microdeutopus periergos, Perioculodes longimanus), while seven are common species (Ampelisca brevicornis, Ampelisca typica, Apherusa chiereghinii, Dexamine spinosa, Harpinia crenulata, Leptocheirus pectinatus, Leucothoe incisa) and the remaining 43 species are rare. The highest amphipod total abundances and number of species were recorded in stations with dense Posidonia oceanica meadows and aquaculture units in the vicinity. Brief distributional and ecological characteristics of the identified amphipod species are given and an annotated checklist for the coasts of Cyprus is provided.
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GAPPA, JUAN LÓPEZ, GLORIA M. ALONSO, and NÉSTOR A. LANDONI. "Biodiversity of benthic Amphipoda (Crustacea: Peracarida) in the Southwest Atlantic between 35ºS and 56ºS." Zootaxa 1342, no. 1 (October 26, 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1342.1.1.
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The aim of this study is to provide a synthesis of the present knowledge of the benthic Amphipoda in the Southwest Atlantic between 35ºS and 56ºS, and between the coast of Argentina and 50ºW. The analysis of 107 taxonomic and ecological papers published between 1852 and 2005 produced a list of 227 oceanographic stations/coastal localities with records of benthic amphipods. Forty-three families, 118 genera and 212 species and subspecies were recorded. The sampling effort has been more intense around the Malvinas/Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego and Buenos Aires Provinces. Relatively fewer stations occurred between 41ºS and 47ºS, where vast areas of the continental shelf lacked any published records of amphipods. Species richness is closely related to the sampling effort, but also increases significantly with latitude. Cluster analysis classified the amphipod fauna in 2 assemblages. The Argentine Biogeographic Province is represented by 35 species, ranging from 36ºS to 43ºS and encompassing coastal or relatively shallow shelf areas off Buenos Aires, Río Negro and Chubut. The Magellanic Biogeographic Province is represented by 157 species, ranging from 36ºS to 56ºS and including the coasts of Tierra del Fuego, Santa Cruz and the Malvinas/Falkland Islands. The coastal transition between both faunistic assemblages occurs around 43ºS– 44ºS. On the continental shelf it follows a SW-NE direction around 70–100 m depth. Only 21 species (15.3%) of marine benthic amphipods known to Brazil have also been found in Argentina, suggesting that the Río de la Plata estuary may act as a biogeographic barrier for many warm-temperate species, but most Magellanic species present in southern Chile extend their distribution to the Southwest Atlantic. An up-to-date catalogue of species recorded from the study area is included.
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Kamaltynov, Ravil Masalimovich. "ON THE HIGHER CLASSIFICATION OF LAKE BAIKAL AMPHIPODS." Crustaceana 72, no. 8 (1999): 933–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854099503834.
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AbstractA new system of higher taxa of Baikalian amphipods is proposed. This fauna forms a monophyletic part of the superfamily Gammaroidea Leach, 1814 (sensu Bousfield, 1977) and now comprises: Acanthogammaridae Garjajeff, 1901 (with the subfamilies: Acanthogammarinae Garjajeff, 1901, Abyssogammarinae n. subfam., Eulimnogammarinae n. subfam., Hyalellopsinae n. subfam., Odontogammarinae n. subfam., Plesiogammarinae n. subfam., Parapallaseinae n. subfam., and Poekilogammarinae n. subfam.), Macrohectopidae Sowinsky, 1915, Micruropidae n. fam., and Pachyschesidae n. fam. The amphipod fauna of Lake Baikal consists of 50 genera, 261 species, and 73 subspecies. One genus, 4 species, and 8 subspecies of Baikalian origin are endemic to the Angara River and one species is endemic to the Yenisey River delta. The total number of taxa of Baikalian amphipods is now 4 families, 8 subfamilies, 51 genera, 265 species, and 81 subspecies. Un nouveau systeme de taxa superieurs est propose pour les amphipodes du lac Baikal. Cette faune constitue une partie monophyletique de la super-famille Gammaroidea Leach, 1814 (sensu Bousfield, 1977) et comprend maintenant: Acanthogammaridae Garjajeff, 1901 (avec les sousfamilles: Acanthogammarinae Garjajeff, 1901, Abyssogammarinae n. sous-fam., Eulimnogammarinae n. sous-fam., Hyalellopsinae n. sous-fam., Odontogammarinae n. sous-fam., Plesiogammarinae n. sous-fam., Parapallaseinae n. sous-fam., Poekilogammarinae n. sous-fam.), Macrohectopidae Sowinsky, 1915, Micruropidae n. fam. et Pachyschesidae n. fam. La faune d'amphipodes du lac Baikal comprend 50 genres, 261 especes et 73 sous-especes. Un genre, 4 especes et 8 sous-especes d'origine baikalienne sont endemiques du fleuve Angara et une espece est endemique du delta du fleuve Yenisey. Le nombre total des taxa d'amphipodes du Baikal est maintenant de 4 familles, 8 sous-familles, 51 genres, 265 especes et 81 sous-especes.
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France, R. L., and P. M. Stokes. "Life Stage and Population Variation in Resistance and Tolerance of Hyalella azteca (Amphipoda) to Low pH." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 1102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-133.
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Lethality experiments revealed that resistance of Hyalella azteca (Amphipoda) to low pH was directly related to size and developmental stage. Exposure of adults to water below pH 5.0 during pulses of acid snowmelt, or of juveniles to below pH 5.5 through gradual lake acidification, could result in population decline. Hyalella azteca from moderately acidic Ontario lakes (pH 5.6–5.7) survived longer at lethal pH than did amphipods from circumneutral lakes (pH 6.4–7.2) where spring pH depressions do not occur. Resistance and tolerance to low pH was neither readily lost by tolerant amphipods exposed to neutral water for 10 d nor readily gained by nontolerant amphipods exposed to sublethal low pH for a similar duration. This absence of physiological plasticity of individual H. azteca suggests that population differences in acid tolerance may result from processes of selective mortality with or without a genetic basis.
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Giari, Luisa, Elisa Anna Fano, Giuseppe Castaldelli, Daniel Grabner, and Bernd Sures. "The Ecological Importance of Amphipod–Parasite Associations for Aquatic Ecosystems." Water 12, no. 9 (August 29, 2020): 2429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092429.
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Amphipods are a key component of aquatic ecosystems due to their distribution, abundance and ecological role. They also serve as hosts for many micro- and macro-parasites. The importance of parasites and the necessity to include them in ecological studies has been increasingly recognized in the last two decades by ecologists and conservation biologists. Parasites are able to alter survival, growth, feeding, mobility, mating, fecundity and stressors’ response of their amphipod hosts. In addition to their modulating effects on host population size and dynamics, parasites affect community structure and food webs in different ways: by increasing the susceptibility of amphipods to predation, by quantitatively and qualitatively changing the host diet, and by modifying competitive interactions. Human-induced stressors such as climate change, pollution and species introduction that affect host–parasite equilibrium, may enhance or reduce the infection effects on hosts and ecosystems. The present review illustrates the importance of parasites for ecosystem processes using examples from aquatic environments and amphipods as a host group. As seen from the literature, amphipod–parasite systems are likely a key component of ecological processes, but more quantitative data from natural populations and field evidence are necessary to support the results obtained by experimental research.
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Kobak, Jarosław, Michał Rachalewski, and Karolina Bącela-Spychalska. "What doesn’t kill you doesn’t make you stronger: Parasites modify interference competition between two invasive amphipods." NeoBiota 69 (October 13, 2021): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.69.73734.
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We used a freshwater amphipod-microsporidian model (Ponto-Caspian hosts: Dikerogammarus villosus and D. haemobaphes, parasite: Cucumispora dikerogammari) to check whether parasites affect biological invasions by modulating behaviour and intra- and interspecific interactions between the invaders. We tested competition for shelter in conspecific and heterospecific male pairs (one or both individuals infected or non-infected). In general, amphipods of both species increased their shelter occupancy time when accompanied by infected rather than non-infected conspecifics and heterospecifics. Infected amphipods faced lower aggression from non-infected conspecifics. Moreover, D. villosus was more aggressive than D. haemobaphes and more aggressive towards conspecifics vs. heterospecifics. In summary, infection reduced the intra- and interspecific competitivity of amphipods, which became less capable of defending their shelters, despite their unchanged need for shelter occupancy. Dikerogammarus haemobaphes, commonly considered as a weaker competitor, displaced by D. villosus from co-occupied locations, was able to compete efficiently for the shelter with D. villosus when microsporidian infections appeared on the scene. This suggests that parasites may be important mediators of biological invasions, facilitating the existence of large intra- and interspecific assemblages of invasive alien amphipods.
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Karnaukhov, Dmitry, Maria Teplykh, Еkaterina Dolinskaya, Sofya Biritskaya, Yana Ermolaeva, Viktoria Pushnica, Iya Kuznetsova, Anastasia Okholina, Lidia Bukhaeva, and Еugene Silow. "Light pollution affects the coastal zone of Lake Baikal." Limnological Review 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/limre-2021-0015.
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Abstract The role of light pollution in aquatic ecosystems functioning has increased in recent times. In addition, the effect of such pollution has mostly been studied in coastal marine ecosystems, leaving freshwater ecosystems much less studied. In the p resent work, we investigated the effect of light pollution on the coastal zone of the ancient Lake Baikal ecosystem. Both a laboratory experiment and field research were conducted. The results of the experiment showed the presence of statistically significant differences (р =0.009) between fish feeding on amphipods with and without daylight conditions, while there were no such differences between daylight and artificial light conditions. At the same time, video recordings revealed both a low number of specimens and a low species diversity of amphipods near to the village with a developed system of street lights, while in the village with a nearly nonexistent light system, the species diversity and a number of amphipods were much higher. One plausible explanation for such influence of light pollution on the quality and quantity of Baikal amphipod fauna might be the sum of several factors such as high water transparency and daily vertical migrations of amphipods.
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Desiderato, Andrea, Tomasz Mamos, Tomasz Rewicz, Artur Burzynski, and Serena Mucciolo. "First Glimpse at the Diverse Aquaporins of Amphipod Crustaceans." Cells 10, no. 12 (December 4, 2021): 3417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10123417.
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The importance of aquaporins (AQPs) in the transport of water and solutes through cell membranes is well recognized despite being relatively new. To date, despite their abundance, diversity, and presence in disparate environments, amphipods have only been mentioned in studies about the AQPs of other animals and have never been further investigated. In this work, we aimed to recover from public data available AQPs of these crustaceans and reconstruct phylogenetic affinities. We first performed BLAST searches with several queries of diverse taxa against different NCBI databases. Then, we selected the clades of AQPs retrieving the amphipod superfamily Gammaroidea as monophyletic and ran phylogenetic analyses to assess their performances. Our results show how most of the AQPs of amphipods are similar to those of other crustaceans, despite the Prip-like displayed different paralogs, and report for the first time a putative Aqp8-like for arthropods. We also found that the candidate genes of Prip-like, Bib-like, Aqp12-like, and Glp-like help solve deeper relationships in phylogenies of amphipods while leaving uncertainties in shallower parts. With our findings, we hope to increase attention to the study of amphipods as models for AQP functioning and evolution.
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Valencia, Bellineth, Laura Sampson, and Alan Giraldo. "New record of Hyachelia tortugae Barnard, 1967, an amphipod epibiont on green turtles Chelonia mydas (LINNAEUS, 1758) from Gorgona island (colombian pacific)." Boletín Científico Centro de Museos Museo de Historia Natural 22, no. 2 (July 3, 2018): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2018.22.2.7.
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Objectives: Characterize the amphipods collected in esophageal lavages of the green turtle Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758). Scope: Increase the characterization of diversity of a poorly known group, but of great importance in benthic environments, in Colombia. Methodology: Amphipods were collected from esophageal lavages carried out on 77 green turtles between February and December 2012 at Gorgona Island, Colombian Pacific. Main results: We report the occurrence of the amphipod Hyachelia tortugae Barnard, 1967, a species that lives exclusively as an epibiont of sea turtles, for the first time for the Colombian Pacific. Three H. tortugae individuals occurred in two of the analyzed turtles. The hyperiid amphipods Paralycaea gracilis Claus, 1879, Schizoscelus ornatus Claus, 1879, and Parascelus sp. were also collected in the esophageal contents of the turtles. Conclusions: This study highlights that systematic studies should be carried out to characterize the associated fauna in sea turtles in the Colombian Pacific.
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Kudrenko, S. A. "Amphipod (Crustacea, Amphipoda) Communities in the North-Western Part of the Black Sea." Vestnik Zoologii 50, no. 5 (October 1, 2016): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/vzoo-2016-0045.
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Abstract The data about the community composition, number and biomass of amphipods in three gulfs of the North-Western Black Sea are presented. The amphipod communities of the gulfs of Yahorlyk, Karkinit, and Tendra were studied and the species composition was compared with the previously published data. For each particular gulf, the list of amphipod species was composed. The quantitative parameters of the amphipod communities in the studied localities in different years were described.
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STUDER, A., M. D. LAMARE, and R. POULIN. "Effects of ultraviolet radiation on the transmission process of an intertidal trematode parasite." Parasitology 139, no. 4 (January 5, 2012): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011002174.
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SUMMARYThe transmission of parasites takes place under exposure to a range of fluctuating environmental factors, one being the changing levels of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Here, we investigated the effects of ecologically relevant levels of UVR on the transmission of the intertidal trematode Maritrema novaezealandensis from its first intermediate snail host (Zeacumantus subcarinatus) to its second intermediate amphipod host (Paracalliope novizealandiae). We assessed the output of parasite transmission stages (cercariae) from infected snail hosts, the survival and infectivity of cercariae, the susceptibility of amphipod hosts to infection (laboratory experiments) and the survival of infected and uninfected amphipod hosts (outdoor experiment) when exposed to photo-synthetically active radiation only (PAR, 400–700 nm; no UV), PAR+UVA (320–700 nm) or PAR+UVA+UVB (280–700 nm). Survival of cercariae and susceptibility of amphipods to infection were the only two steps significantly affected by UVR. Survival of cercariae decreased strongly in a dose-dependent manner, while susceptibility of amphipods increased after exposure to UVR for a prolonged period. Exposure to UVR thus negatively affects both the parasite and its amphipod host, and should therefore be considered an influential component in parasite transmission and host-parasite interactions in intertidal ecosystems.
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Boates, J. Sherman, and Peter C. Smith. "Crawling behaviour of the amphipod Corophium volutator and foraging by Semipalmated Sandpipers, Calidris pusilla." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-066.
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During late spring and summer, the crawling behaviour of the amphipod Corophium volutator was studied on an intertidal mudflat in the Minas Basin, Nova Scotia. On average, less than 1% of the population crawled on any tide and these individuals tended to be large adults that were predominantly males. Animals emerged as the tide receded but most had crawled into burrows after 25 min. The crawling behaviour did not seem to be related to the lunar cycle as was expected; however, there was a sharp reduction in crawling activity (from 36.3 to 1.2 amphipods/m2) in July that coincided with the arrival of Semipalmated Sandpipers, Calidris pusilla, an abundant seasonal predator. The proportion of males in the amphipod population declined during the period when sandpipers were present. It appears that both a change in amphipod behaviour and depletion of the animals most prone to crawling may contribute to the observed reduction in crawling activity. Qualitative and quantitative evidence show that sandpipers were attracted to the tide edge where crawling amphipods were relatively abundant and that they increased their food intake by doing so.
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Lavaniegos, Bertha E. "Hyperiid amphipods from the Gulf of Ulloa and offshore region, Baja California: The possible role of the gelatinous zooplankton as a transport vector into the coastal shelf waters." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): e0233071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233071.
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Hyperiid amphipod species from the Gulf of Ulloa, Baja California, and the adjacent region (from the shelf break to 200 km offshore) were analyzed to evaluate diversity and abundances. This productive area supports small-scale commercial fisheries, including sand bass (Paralabrax nebulifer), California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus), abalones, clams, and others. Strong coastal upwelling events were observed during summer seasons of the period 2002–2008 between Punta Eugenia and Punta Abreojos. The upwelling plumes at Punta Abreojos are transported southward in slope waters bordering the coastal shelf of the Gulf of Ulloa, contributing to the separation of coastal and oceanic regions, and explain differences in amphipod diversity and abundances between both regions. In the offshore region, the most abundant species were Vibilia armata, Lestrigonus schizogeneios, Primno brevidens, and Eupronoe minuta, similar to previous findings in northern regions of Baja California and southern California. However, abundances of these species were lower (10–30 individuals/1000 m3), only reaching 20–50% of abundance levels reported off northern Baja California. In the coastal shelf of the Gulf of Ulloa, amphipods were virtually absent during 2002, 2003 and 2006. However, during 2004 and 2005, abundances of P. brevidens increased (54 and 20 ind/1000 m3, respectively). Moreover, during the late summer of 2007, abundances of L. schizogeneios, P. brevidens, Lycaea nasuta, Lycaea pulex, and Simorhynchotus antennarius increased considerably (261, 39, 31, 68, 416 ind/1000 m3, respectively), indicating occasional utilization of the coastal shelf by pelagic amphipods. Changes in gelatinous populations (medusae, siphonophores, ctenophores, doliolids, and salps) paralleled changes in hyperiid populations, with highest abundances in 2005–2008 in the coastal shelf. Significant correlations of 17 amphipod species with gelatinous taxa, which are often used as host organisms by hyperiid amphipods, suggest that gelatinous presence enhanced hyperiid abundance and promoted the progression of hyperiid amphipods onto the coastal shelf during parts of the 2002–2008 period.
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Scholtz, Gerhard, and Carsten Wolff. "Cleavage, gastrulation, and germ disc formation of the amphipod Orchestia cavimana (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Peracarida)." Contributions to Zoology 71, no. 1-3 (2002): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-0710103002.
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Investigations of amphipod embryonic development have a long tradition. However, many aspects of amphipod embryology are still controversial. These concern, among others, the nature of the cleavage, the origin of the germ disc, and the mode of gastrulation. On the other hand, amphipods show the same characteristic type of invariant cell division pattern in the germ band as other malacostracans. Since amphipods seem to undergo a stereotyped pattern of early cleavage they are highly interesting for our understanding of the evolution of arthropod development. In this paper, we describe the cleavage pattern of the amphipod crustacean Orchestia cavimana from the zygote to gastrulation and the formation of the germ disc using direct observation, scanning electron microscopy, histology, video recording, and lineage tracing with a vital dye. The early development follows the mode of a total, radial, unequal cleavage with a determinate stereotyped pattern. A small transient blastocoel is formed. The 8-cell stage is characterised by 4 micromeres and 4 macromeres. One quadrant is smaller than the others. There are two kinds of eggs that show a mirror handed image. The 16-cell stage is the last regular stage after which the blastomeres divide highly asynchronously. The germ disc is formed by the descendants of the macromeres and some micromere derivatives. The other micromeres constitute the extra-embryonic region. Migration of macromere descendants is involved in germ disc formation accompanied by the extrusion of the yolk. During this process some vitellophages are formed. The gastrulation sensu stricto is initiated by the micromere derivatives of the smallest quadrant at the anterior of the forming germ disc. A true blastopore occurs which involves an invagination and the immigration of cells. Our data help to correct erroneous interpretations of former students of amphipod development. We can show that many characters of amphipod embryonic development are apomorphic supporting amphipod monophyly. With the present investigation we contribute to a complete understanding of the embryonic cell lineage of amphipods from the egg to segment formation and organogenesis.
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Vargas-Abúndez, Jorge Arturo, Gemma Leticia Martínez-Moreno, Nuno Simões, Elsa Noreña-Barroso, and Maite Mascaró. "Marine amphipods (Parhyale hawaiensis) as an alternative feed for the lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus, Perri 1810): nutritional value and feeding trial." PeerJ 9 (October 19, 2021): e12288. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12288.
Full textAbstract:
Finding new alternatives to traditional live preys such as Artemia and rotifers, which do not always promote optimal fish growth and survival, is required for the successful aquaculture of highly specialized predatory species, including seahorses. The present study assessed the nutritional value of an interesting marine amphipod (Parhyale hawaiensis), and evaluates through a feeding trial its potential use as a natural prey for 10-months lined seahorse, Hippocampus erectus. P. hawaiensis showed high levels of valuable lipids (20.4–26.7% on dry matter basis) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ( 26.4–41% of total FAs), including the long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs) arachidonic acid (ARA) (2.9–7.7%), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (4.3–6.5%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (2.1–6.2%). A comparison between wild-captured and cultured amphipods revealed a significant improvement of the amphipod FA profile in terms of DHA%, total omega-3 (n3) FAs and n3/n6 ratio when employing both a conventional amphipod culture based on a commercial shrimp diet, and, to a lesser extent, a large (3,500 L) biofloc system. Seahorses fed with frozen/wild amphipods, either singly or in combination with Artemia enriched with Super Selco® (INVE Aquaculture, Belgium) for 57 days, substantially improved seahorse growth and FA profiles in terms of ARA, EPA and DHA%, including indices associated to marine sources, such as Σn3 and n3/n6, compared to a diet based solely on enriched Artemia. These results support the use of marine amphipods as an alternative food organism for juvenile H. erectus and suggest a potential use for general marine aquaculture.
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Desiderato, Andrea, Jan Beermann, Maria Angelica Haddad, and Luciano Felicio Fernandes. "Diatom Epibionts on Amphipod Crustaceans: A Possible Vector for Co-introductions?" Water 13, no. 16 (August 16, 2021): 2227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162227.
Full textAbstract:
Epibiotic associations can result in co-introductions of non-indigenous species, which may affect ecosystems in several ways. In fouling communities of three estuaries in southern Brazil, a number of amphipods was found to harbour a dense coverage of epibionts. Three different species, the two globally widespread caprellids Caprella equilibra and Paracaprella pusilla, as well as the ischyrocerid Jassa valida, had been colonised by diatoms. Further scanning electron microscope analyses assigned these diatoms to 14 different species that had previously been reported from benthic habitats. This is one of the scarce records of diatoms attached to amphipods. The occurrence of the diatom Amphora helenensis represents the first report for Brazilian waters as well as the second record for the whole SW Atlantic Ocean. As some diatoms were associated with common fouling amphipods, a possible regional spread aided by these crustaceans seems likely. Possible effects of this amphipod-diatom association on the animals and their implications for the underlying ecosystems of this remain to be elucidated.
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Jamieson, Alan J., Anne-Nina Lörz, Toyonobu Fujii, and Imants G. Priede. "In situ observations of trophic behaviour and locomotion of Princaxelia amphipods (Crustacea: Pardaliscidae) at hadal depths in four West Pacific Trenches." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92, no. 1 (April 19, 2011): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315411000452.
Full textAbstract:
The genus Princaxelia, Pardaliscidae, is a rarely recorded, infrequently collected and hitherto observed benthic amphipod, typically found at hadal depths (>6000 m) in the Pacific Ocean trenches. Little is known about the behaviour or physiology of this genus. Using a baited camera lander, observations of Princaxelia jamiesoni were made in the Japan Trench (7703 m) and Izu–Ogasawara Trench (9316 m) and of Princaxelia aff. abyssalis in the Kermadec Trench (7966 m) and Tonga Trench (8798 m). These amphipods rapidly intercepted the bait and preyed upon smaller lysianassoid amphipods. Mean absolute swimming speeds for P. jamiesoni and P. aff. abyssalis were 4.16 cm.s−1 ± 1.8 SD and 4.02 cm.s−1 ± 0.87 SD respectively. These amphipods have the capacity for long range swimming, high manoeuvrability in close range, and efficient predatory behaviour. Burst swimming speeds for P. aff. abyssalis were 9 and 10 cm.s−1 with accelerations up to 22–25 cm.s−2.
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Christodoulou, Magdalini, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Evdokia Syranidou, and Athanasios Koukouras. "The amphipod (Crustacea: Peracarida) fauna of the Aegean Sea, and comparison with those of the neighbouring seas." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 5 (February 28, 2013): 1303–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531541200183x.
Full textAbstract:
Examination of sampled material and review of the relevant literature revealed the presence of 299 benthic and 46 pelagic amphipod species from the Aegean Sea. Two of the species identified,Caprella hirsutaMayer, 1890 andApohyale crassipes(Heller, 1866), are recorded for the first time in the Aegean Sea and the Levantine Basin respectively. A checklist of the Mediterranean amphipods is given, as well as their distribution in the Mediterranean territorial areas and the Black Sea. The faunal comparison of the Mediterranean areas showed that the number of species decreases from west to east. In terms of zoogeographical categories the Atlanto-Mediterranean species dominate in all Mediterranean areas followed by the endemic species concerning the benthic amphipods while in pelagic amphipods cosmopolitan species dominate and are then followed by Atlanto-Mediterranean. Three species,Bemlos leptocheirus(Walker, 1909) andLinguimarea caesarisKrapp-Schickel, 2003,Photis lamelliferaSchellenberg, 1928, are lessepsian migrants and are reported in the Levantine and Central Mediterranean Seas.
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Wisenden, Patricia A., and Robert C. Bailey. "Development of macroinvertebrate community structure associated with zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) colonization of artificial substrates." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 1438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-169.
Full textAbstract:
We used artificial substrates (rocks < 1500 cm2 surface area) in shallow water (2 m) to assess the development of epilithic macroinvertebrate communities in the presence of zebra mussels. At a turbulent site (Wheatley, Lake Erie), previously colonized (with a non-zebra mussel community) and uncolonized rocks left for 1 year both had lower densities of total invertebrates than previously colonized rocks recovered after only 1 day. As zebra mussels colonized the rocks, Gammarus sp. (amphipods) increased in density, while Chironomini and Tanypodinae (midges), Polycentropus sp. (caddisflies), and Physella sp. and Pleurocera sp. (snails) declined. At a protected site (Stoney Point, Lake St. Clair), previously colonized rocks initially (2 months) had higher densities of many taxa, including zebra mussels, than uncolonized rocks. This difference disappeared after 1 year, as zebra mussels increased on all rocks. Gammarus sp. maintained its numbers, while Tricladida (flatworms) increased and Oecetis sp. (caddisflies), Physella sp., Pleurocera sp., and Tanypodinae declined. Although a similar "zebra mussel – amphipod" community developed on rocks at both sites, we hypothesize that at the turbulent site, zebra mussels and amphipods have a shared tolerance of unstable habitats, and zebra mussels facilitate amphipod colonization of rocks by increasing microhabitat stability and food supply. At the protected site, zebra mussels outcompete other surface dwellers like snails for space, and facilitate the colonization of scavenger–omnivores like amphipods and flatworms.
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Lewis, S. E., A. Yokofich, M. Mohr, C. Kurth, R. Giuliani, and M. G. Baldridge. "Exposure to bisphenol A modulates hormone concentrations in Gammarus pseudolimnaeus." Canadian Journal of Zoology 90, no. 12 (December 2012): 1414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2012-0178.
Full textAbstract:
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting compound that can enter aquatic systems through landfill leachate or wastewater effluent. Although impacts of BPA on vertebrates are well documented, its effects on invertebrates are less clear. Amphipods such as Gammarus pseudolimnaeus Bousfield, 1958 are often prevalent invertebrates in freshwater ecosystems and can provide a powerful invertebrate model system to investigate the endocrine-disruptive capabilities of BPA. However, techniques to assay hormone concentrations in amphipods, especially vertebrate-like steroid sex hormones, are not widespread. In this study, we (i) quantified estrogen concentrations in juveniles and in adult female amphipods; (ii) quantified testosterone concentrations in juveniles and in adult male amphipods; and (iii) delineated changes to estrogen and testosterone concentrations of adults and juveniles following a 9-day exposure to BPA at four levels: 0 (control), 10, 50, and 100 µg/L BPA. Tissue extracts from homogenized samples were analyzed for estrogen or testosterone concentrations via radioimmunoassay for each reproductive class of amphipod. Low concentrations of BPA significantly increased estrogen concentrations in adult females and in juveniles. Moderate and high concentrations of BPA significantly increased testosterone concentrations in adult males, and low and moderate concentrations of BPA significantly increased testosterone concentrations of juveniles.
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Rachalewski, Michał, Jarosław Kobak, Eliza Szczerkowska-Majchrzak, and Karolina Bącela-Spychalska. "Some like it hot: factors impacting thermal preferences of two Ponto-Caspian amphipodsDikerogammarus villosus(Sovinsky, 1894) andDikerogammarus haemobaphes(Eichwald, 1841)." PeerJ 6 (May 31, 2018): e4871. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4871.
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Temperature is a crucial factor determining biology and ecology of poikilothermic animals. It often constitutes an important barrier for invasive species originating from different climate zones but, on the other hand, may facilitate the invasion process of animals with wide thermal preferences and high resistance to extreme temperatures. In our experimental study, we investigated the thermal behaviour of two Ponto-Caspian amphipod crustaceans—Dikerogammarus villosusandDikerogammarus haemobaphes. Both species are known to live under a wide range of thermal conditions which may promote their invasion. Moreover, both these amphipods are hosts for microsporidian parasites which co-evolved with them within the Ponto-Caspian region and spread in European waters. As the presence of a parasite may influence the thermal preferences of its host, we expected to observe behavioural changes in infected individuals of the studied amphipods leading to (1) behavioural fever (selecting a warmer habitat) or (2) anapyrexia (selecting a colder habitat). The experiment (N = 20) was carried out for 30 min in a 100 cm. 20 cm from boths sides were not avaliable for amphipods long thermal gradient (0–40 °C), using 30 randomly selected adult amphipod individuals of one species. At the end of each trial, we checked the position of amphipods along the gradient and determined their sex and infection status (uninfected or infected by one of microsporidium species).D. villosuswas infected withCucumispora dikerogammariwhereasD. haemobapheswas a host forC. dikerogammari,Dictyocoela muelleriorD. berillonum. Thermal preferences of amphipods depended on their species and sex. Females ofD. villosuspreferred warmer microhabitats (often much above 30 °C) than conspecific males and females ofD. haemobaphes, whereas no significant differences were found among males of both species and both sexes ofD. haemobaphes. Moreover, infected males ofD. villosusstayed in warmer water more often than uninfected males of this species, selecting temperatures higher than 30 °C, which may be explained either as a behavioural fever constituting a defence mechanism of a host against the infection, or as a parasite manipulation of the host behaviour increasing the parasite fitness. On the other hand, none of the parasite species affected the thermal preferences ofD. haemobaphes, including alsoC. dikerogammari, changing the behaviour ofD. villosus. Our research presents the complexity of the thermal behaviour of studied amphipods and the evidence that microsporidia may trigger a change in temperature preferendum of their host species and those observations may be the result of different host-parasite coevolution time which may vary for the two host species (Poulin, 2010).
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Leite, Fosca P. P., Marcel O. Tanaka, Daniela B. Sudatti, and Raquel S. Gebara. "Diel density variation of amphipods associated with Sargassum beds from two shores of Ubatuba, Southeastern, Brazil." Iheringia. Série Zoologia 97, no. 4 (December 2007): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0073-47212007000400007.
Full textAbstract:
Densities of mobile epifaunal assemblages associated with macrophytes are very variable during the day and the activity of visually-oriented predators is thought to have an important influence on this pattern. Here we compared densities of amphipods associated with a common brown alga, Sargassum stenophyllum (Phaeophyceae), at sites contrasting in water turbidity. We expected that diel variation of amphipods would occur in a shore with clear waters (Perequê), whereas no variation was expected in a shore with turbid waters (Lamberto). Amphipod density varied during the day at both shores, with no indication of a larger variation at Perequê. Most species showed two density peaks, one at night and the other in the afternoon. These peaks occurred close the times of high tide, suggesting that tidal rhythms could influence more amphipod densities than the activity of predators. Thus, more studies are necessary to understand factors that influence short-term variation of epifaunal assemblages.
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Abessa, Denis M. S., Eduinety C. P. M. Sousa, Bauer R. F. Rachid, and Ricardo R. Mastroti. "Use of the burrowing amphipod Tiburonella viscana as a tool in marine sediments contamination assessment." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 41, no. 2 (1998): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89131998000200009.
Full textAbstract:
The acute toxicity of sediment samples from Santos Estuary was evaluated by using sediment toxicity tests with the burrowing amphipod Tiburonella viscana. Survival of amphipods acclimated for 2 and 15 days was also analyzed. The sensitivity of this species was evaluated by 48h-exposure tests using potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) as a reference substance. The sediment samples from Gonzaga Beach, Prainha and Paranapuã Beach were not toxic to T. viscana, whereas the samples collected at Santos Channel and São Vicente Bay were toxic. The acclimation period did not affect survival significantly, in spite of the higher mortality within the 15-day acclimated group. The estimated 48-h LC50 to K2Cr2O7 was 6.029 mg/L (3.27-11.12). Toxicity tests using T. viscana were useful in assessing the quality of sediments of Santos Estuary. Moreover, this amphipod was considered as sensitive as other amphipods used in toxicity tests elsewhere. Thus, toxicity tests using Tiburonella viscana should be recommended as part of future monitoring programs.