Journal articles on the topic 'Amphibians'
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1
Dandekar, Nikhil, Varun Kherr, Chaitanya Risbud, Mayuresh Kulkarni, Makarand Ketkar, Srushti Bhave, Pushkar Pansalkar, Shauri Sulakhe, Sunil Limaye, and Anand Padhye. "Evaluation of the Amphibian Fauna of the Semi-arid and Arid Grassland Habitats in and around the Mayureshwar, Rehekuri, and Karmala Wildlife Sanctuaries in Maharashtra, India." Reptiles & Amphibians 27, no. 2 (July 16, 2020): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v27i2.14023.
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Few studies document amphibian species composition from arid and semiarid environments. Scatteredbodies of water in the semi-arid and arid landscape around Pune, Maharashtra, India, could be viable amphibian habitats; however; information on amphibians using these bodies of water is not available. In a preliminary study, we assessed the amphibian diversity and population status in three wildlife sanctuaries and surrounding areas near Pune. We also compared the use of artificial and natural ponds by amphibians and surveyed the amphibians for the presence of the chytrid fungus.
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Liando, Greace Kurniawati, Deidy Yulius Katili, and Lalu Wahyudi. "KEANEKARAGAMAN AMPHIBIA DI KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI." PHARMACON 8, no. 3 (August 28, 2019): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/pha.8.2019.29337.
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Amphibia is a vertebrate animal that lives in two realms: water and land. Amphibia consists of three orders, namely Caecilia, Caudata and Anura. Most amphibians have limbs such as limbs and fingers. This research aims to determine the extent of amphibian diversity that exists at the University Sam Ratulagi Manado campus based on the value of Shannon-Wiener index. The study used purposive sampling methods conducted in September-November 2017. Based on the research results there are six types of amphibia found namely, Peltophryne Lemur, Phrynoidis asper, Ingerophrynus biporcatus, Bufo melanostictus, Bufo bankorensis, and Bufo Gargarizans. The most widely discovered amphibian is Phrynoidis asper and the fewest found is Bufo bankorensis. The diversity index of amphibians observed on the campus of Unsrat is included in the medium with the value of Indeks1,783.Keywords: Diversity, Amphibia.ABSTRAKAmphibia merupakan hewan bertulang belakang yang hidup di dua alam yaitu air dan darat. Amphibia terdiri dari tiga ordo, yaitu Caecilia, Caudata dan Anura. Sebagian besar amphibia mempunyai anggota gerak seperti tungkai dan jari-jari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tingkat keanekaragaman amphibia yang ada di Kampus Universitas Sam Ratulagi Manado berdasarkan nilai indeks Shannon-Wiener. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling yang dilaksanakan pada bulan September-November 2017. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat enam jenis amphibia yang ditemukan yaitu, Peltophryne lemur, Phrynoidis asper, Ingerophrynus biporcatus, Bufo melanostictus, Bufo bankorensis, dan Bufo gargarizans. Amphibia yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah Phrynoidis asper dan yang paling sedikit ditemukan adalah Bufo bankorensis. Indeks keanekaragaman dari amphibia yang diamati terdapat di kampus Unsrat termasuk dalam kategori sedang dengan nilai indeks1,783.Kata kunci: Keanekaragaman, Amphibia.
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Manenti, Raoul, and Roberta Pennati. "Environmental factors associated with amphibian breeding in streams and springs: effects of habitat and fish occurrence." Amphibia-Reptilia 37, no. 2 (2016): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003040.
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Streams are among the most threatened aquatic habitats for amphibians. Amphibians often demonstrate a complex community structure and investigations are mainly performed on pond-dwelling species, whereas data regarding stream-dwelling species is still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relevance of stream features and the effects of the occurrence of predatory fish on the community structure of amphibians. To assess the occurrence of breeding among amphibians (in Northern Apennine streams), sampling was performed on 57 stream and spring sites between early March and late May 2014. The research process recorded the presence of four breeding species (Salamandra salamandra, Salamandrina perspicillata, Bufo bufo, and Rana italica) and discovered that the community structures of amphibians were significantly connected to different habitat features. The investigation showed that fish presence is the primary habitat feature that affects the communities of amphibians: B. bufo was the only amphibian species not affected by fish presence, while the other species avoided sites with fish. Sun exposure, depth of water and slope inclination played important roles in affecting amphibian breeding. Our study confirms that fish presence in small streams can be detrimental for different amphibian species.
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Kim, Hyun Woo, Pradeep Adhikari, Min Ho Chang, and Changwan Seo. "Potential Distribution of Amphibians with Different Habitat Characteristics in Response to Climate Change in South Korea." Animals 11, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 2185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082185.
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Amphibian species are highly vulnerable to climate change with significant species decline and extinction predicted worldwide. However, there are very limited studies on amphibians in South Korea. Here, we assessed the potential impacts of climate change on different habitat groups (wetland amphibians, Group 1; migrating amphibians, Group 2; and forest-dwelling amphibians, Group 3) under future climate change and land cover change in South Korea using a maximum entropy modelling approach. Our study revealed that all amphibians would suffer substantial loss of suitable habitats in the future, except Lithobates catesbeianus, Kaloula borealis, and Karsenia koreana. Similarly, species richness for Groups 2 and 3 will decline by 2030, 2050, and 2080. Currently, amphibian species are widely distributed across the country; however, in future, suitable habitats for amphibians would be concentrated along the Baekdudaegan Mountain Range and the southeastern region. Among the three groups, Group 3 amphibians are predicted to be the most vulnerable to climate change; therefore, immediate conservation action is needed to protect them. We expect this study could provide crucial baseline information required for the government to design climate change mitigation strategies for indigenous amphibians.
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Lips, Karen R. "Overview of chytrid emergence and impacts on amphibians." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1709 (December 5, 2016): 20150465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0465.
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Chytridiomycosis is an emerging infectious disease of amphibians that affects over 700 species on all continents where amphibians occur. The amphibian–chytridiomycosis system is complex, and the response of any amphibian species to chytrid depends on many aspects of the ecology and evolutionary history of the amphibian, the genotype and phenotype of the fungus, and how the biological and physical environment can mediate that interaction. Impacts of chytridiomycosis on amphibians are varied; some species have been driven extinct, populations of others have declined severely, whereas still others have not obviously declined. Understanding patterns and mechanisms of amphibian responses to chytrids is critical for conservation and management. Robust estimates of population numbers are needed to identify species at risk, prioritize taxa for conservation actions, design management strategies for managing populations and species, and to develop effective measures to reduce impacts of chytrids on amphibians. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience’.
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Grogan, Laura F., Josephine E. Humphries, Jacques Robert, Chantal M. Lanctôt, Catherine J. Nock, David A. Newell, and Hamish I. McCallum. "Immunological Aspects of Chytridiomycosis." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 4 (October 19, 2020): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6040234.
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Amphibians are currently the most threatened vertebrate class, with the disease chytridiomycosis being a major contributor to their global declines. Chytridiomycosis is a frequently fatal skin disease caused by the fungal pathogens Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal). The severity and extent of the impact of the infection caused by these pathogens across modern Amphibia are unprecedented in the history of vertebrate infectious diseases. The immune system of amphibians is thought to be largely similar to that of other jawed vertebrates, such as mammals. However, amphibian hosts are both ectothermic and water-dependent, which are characteristics favouring fungal proliferation. Although amphibians possess robust constitutive host defences, Bd/Bsal replicate within host cells once these defences have been breached. Intracellular fungal localisation may contribute to evasion of the induced innate immune response. Increasing evidence suggests that once the innate defences are surpassed, fungal virulence factors suppress the targeted adaptive immune responses whilst promoting an ineffectual inflammatory cascade, resulting in immunopathology and systemic metabolic disruption. Thus, although infections are contained within the integument, crucial homeostatic processes become compromised, leading to mortality. In this paper, we present an integrated synthesis of amphibian post-metamorphic immunological responses and the corresponding outcomes of infection with Bd, focusing on recent developments within the field and highlighting future directions.
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Agustini, Putu Linda, Mohammad Liwa Ilhamdi, and Gito Hadiprayitno. "Keanekaragaman Spesies Amfibi (Ordo Anura) di Kawasan Taman Wisata Alam Kerandangan Kabupaten Lombok Barat." Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/bioscientist.v12i1.11030.
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Amphibians are vertebrate animals that generally live in humid forest areas. Amphibians can be used as environmental bioindicators because of their sensitivity to environmental changes such as water pollution and destruction of native habitats. Anura is one of the group of amphibians. The occurrence of microclimate changes caused by the dynamics of biotic and abiotic factors can result in changes in the amphibian population in Kerandangan Nature Park. Recording and identifying the presence of amphibians will help maintain limited populations and potentially be managed for the better. The purpose of this study was to analyze the diversity index of amphibian species (order anura) in Kerandangan Nature Tourism Park. The method used is VES (Visual Encounter Survey). The research was conducted in 4 blocks, namely intensive utilization blocks, limited utilization, rehabilitation and protection. Data were analyzed using the Shanon-Wienner diversity index. The results of the study found 3 species of amphibians (order anura) namely Limnonectes kadarsani, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, and Polypedates leucomystax. with an amphibian diversity index (Ordo Anura) in Kerandangan Nature Tourism Park is Hꞌ = 1.07.
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Eijkelkamp, Michaël A., Mirjam J. Borger, Ruben Kluit, and Jan Komdeur. "Extremely low amphibian roadkill probability on busy bicycle paths." Herpetological Journal 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33256/33.1.115.
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Road mortality can have a significant negative impact on amphibian population survival. Amphibian roadkill and how to avoid it are therefore widely studied, mostly on car roads but limitedly on bicycle paths. We investigated whether amphibian mortality on bicycle paths in Bargerveen, a Dutch Natura 2000 site, was affected by the number of passing cyclists and crossing amphibians. We investigated four transects on a daily basis during most of the amphibian spring migration in 2021. We counted and identified (to species level) all killed amphibians; further, we used cyclist counters and toad fences to assess the number of passing bicycles and crossing amphibians, respectively. We found 11 killed smooth newts Lissotriton vulgaris, out of 5,037 that crossed the bicycle paths. Although 11,453 anurans crossed, we found no killed anurans. The occurrence of killed smooth newts was not affected by the number of passing bicycles or crossing newts. The probability of being killed was extremely low for crossing smooth newts (0.22 %) and anurans (0 %), possibly because cyclists successfully avoid cycling over amphibians. Future monitoring should occur from early February to late November to include the complete active period of amphibians including juvenile dispersal, and across multiple successive years because amphibian numbers can vary largely between years. During our study period, however, amphibian mortality on bicycle paths in Bargerveen seems no threat to populations, despite the high numbers of cyclists. Keywords: road ecology, animal-cyclist collisions, smooth newts, anurans, conservation
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Mardinata, Roly, Gunardi Djoko Winarno, and Nuning Nurcahyani. "The Diversity Amphibian (Order Anura) on Diefferent Habitat Types in Balik Bukit Resort Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 6, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl1659-66.
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Balik Bukit Resort Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) is a protected area where various amphibians habitat. The conditions and quality of habitat, of course determines the diversity of amphibians. This study aimed to analyze the diversity to detect that the amphibians (order Anura), comparing the diversity of amphibians (order Anura) based on different types of habitat and identifying amphibian habitat conditions (order Anura) in Resort Balik Bukit of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. This study uses three replications in each habitat type (primary forest, bush and swamp) and using Visual Encounter Surveys in amphibian biodiversity data retrieval. The data have been analyzed using the Shannon Wiener index, and community similarity index by calculating the evenness. Research shows that the value of diversity is still classified as being on the three types of habitat with the highest diversity found in primary forest habitat that habitat conditions in Resort Behind the hill is still ensure the growth and proliferation of amphibians order Anura.Keywords: Anura, Amphibians, Environmental Indicators, Resort Balik Bukit TNBBS
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Dey, Suvajit, and Atindra Karar. "Regulatory effects of prolactin in amphibians." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 13, no. 4 (December 25, 2023): 307–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p307-327.
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Prolactin (PRL) is a protein hormone of the anterior pituitary and has a diverse role in different aspects of amphibian life - in courtship, reproduction, larval development and in other physiological functions. The expression of PRL receptor mRNA is reported in skin, gill, liver, gut, kidney, gonads and many other organs of different groups of amphibians. PRL stimulates growth and inhibits the metamorphosis of larvae of several species of amphibians. PRL causes seasonal changes in sex accessory structures and secondary sexual characteristics. PRL affects metabolic regulation and suggests phylogenic conservation of its receptors. Plasma PRL concentration changes during the annual reproductive cycle in many amphibians. In courtship behavior of newt, PRL also induces the synthesis of the newt courtship pheromones. PRL acts on skin and its function is also associated with water drive in amphibians. PRL causes water retention in amphibians. PRL acts centrally or peripherally to induce the courtship behavior. The key goal of the paper is to understand the roles of PRL in various aspect of amphibian life, like in aspects of morphology, behaviour, physiological functions and how PRL interfere amphibian life in presence and absence of other chemical and biological factors.
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Helldin, Jan Olof, and Silviu O. Petrovan. "Effectiveness of small road tunnels and fences in reducing amphibian roadkill and barrier effects at retrofitted roads in Sweden." PeerJ 7 (August 26, 2019): e7518. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7518.
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Schemes to reduce road impacts on amphibians have been implemented for decades in Europe, yet, several aspects on the effectiveness of such schemes remain poorly understood. Particularly in northern Europe, including Sweden, there is a lack of available information on road mitigation for amphibians, which is hampering implementation progress and cost-effectiveness analyses of mitigation options. Here, we present data derived from systematic counts of amphibians during spring migration at three previous hot-spots for amphibian roadkill in Sweden, where amphibian tunnels with guiding fences have been installed. We used the data in combination with a risk model to estimate the number of roadkills and successful crossings before vs. after mitigation and mitigated vs. adjacent non-mitigated road sections. In mitigated road sections, the estimated number of amphibians killed or at risk of being killed by car traffic decreased by 85–100% and the estimated number successfully crossing the road increased by 25–340%. Data, however, suggested fence-end effects that may moderate the reduction in roadkill. We discuss possible explanations for the observed differences between sites and construction types, and implications for amphibian conservation. We show how effectiveness estimates can be used for prioritizing amphibian passages along the existing road network. Finally, we emphasize the importance of careful monitoring of amphibian roadkill and successful crossings before and after amphibian passages are constructed.
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deMaynadier, Phillip G., and Malcolm L. Hunter Jr. "The relationship between forest management and amphibian ecology: a review of the North American literature." Environmental Reviews 3, no. 3-4 (July 1, 1995): 230–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a95-012.
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Questions about the compatibility of forest harvesting practices and conservation of biological diversity are largely driven by concerns that habitat quality for many species may be degraded in intensively managed forest landscapes. We review the literature on relationships between common forest harvesting practices and the distribution and abundance of amphibians, a group that has attracted considerable attention in recent years because of their potential ecological importance in forest ecosystems and because of reports of widespread population declines. Clear-cut harvesting generally has negative short-term impacts on local amphibian populations, especially salamanders. An analysis of the results of 18 studies that examined the effects of clear-cutting on amphibians yielded a 3.5-fold median difference in abundance of amphibians on controls over clear-cuts. However, research on the influence of forest age suggests that the long-term effects of forest harvesting on amphibians are variable, and for many species these effects can be mitigated if regeneration practices leave adequate microhabitat structure intact. In contrast, long-term effects can be significant in forest plantations, which are often associated with intensive site preparations and stand management practices that modify levels of coarse woody debris and other microhabitats. Other forest practices reviewed for their effect on amphibians include prescribed fire, logging roads, and streamside harvesting. We discuss problems commonly encountered in the experimental design and measurement of forest amphibian populations, including a notable lack of pretreatment data, and outline several aspects of amphibian–forestry relationships in need of further research. Management recommendations relevant to conserving upland and riparian zone amphibian habitat during forest harvesting are offered.Key words: amphibians, clear-cutting, coarse woody debris, forest management, logging roads, plantations, prescribed fire, riparian, succession.
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Hime, Paul M., Alan R. Lemmon, Emily C. Moriarty Lemmon, Elizabeth Prendini, Jeremy M. Brown, Robert C. Thomson, Justin D. Kratovil, et al. "Phylogenomics Reveals Ancient Gene Tree Discordance in the Amphibian Tree of Life." Systematic Biology 70, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa034.
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Abstract Molecular phylogenies have yielded strong support for many parts of the amphibian Tree of Life, but poor support for the resolution of deeper nodes, including relationships among families and orders. To clarify these relationships, we provide a phylogenomic perspective on amphibian relationships by developing a taxon-specific Anchored Hybrid Enrichment protocol targeting hundreds of conserved exons which are effective across the class. After obtaining data from 220 loci for 286 species (representing 94% of the families and 44% of the genera), we estimate a phylogeny for extant amphibians and identify gene tree–species tree conflict across the deepest branches of the amphibian phylogeny. We perform locus-by-locus genealogical interrogation of alternative topological hypotheses for amphibian monophyly, focusing on interordinal relationships. We find that phylogenetic signal deep in the amphibian phylogeny varies greatly across loci in a manner that is consistent with incomplete lineage sorting in the ancestral lineage of extant amphibians. Our results overwhelmingly support amphibian monophyly and a sister relationship between frogs and salamanders, consistent with the Batrachia hypothesis. Species tree analyses converge on a small set of topological hypotheses for the relationships among extant amphibian families. These results clarify several contentious portions of the amphibian Tree of Life, which in conjunction with a set of vetted fossil calibrations, support a surprisingly younger timescale for crown and ordinal amphibian diversification than previously reported. More broadly, our study provides insight into the sources, magnitudes, and heterogeneity of support across loci in phylogenomic data sets.[AIC; Amphibia; Batrachia; Phylogeny; gene tree–species tree discordance; genomics; information theory.]
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Dharma, Agus Pambudi, and Meitiyani Meitiyani. "INVENTARISASI AMFIBI RESORT CISARUA TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG GEDE PANGRANGO BERDASARKAN MUSIM YANG BERBEDA." Jurnal Biosilampari : Jurnal Biologi 2, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31540/biosilampari.v2i1.585.
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This study aims to inventory amphibians in the Cimisblung Resort Cisarua Gede Pangrango National Park (TNGGP) the rainy season and dry season. Amphibian data collection was carried out in February - August 2019 in and night (19.00 - 23.00 WIB) days using a visual encounter survey method along 500 meters with the river flow aquatic) and terrestrial among others, below the surface of litter, rock, weathered wood, and in the bush. Amphibians were to view and record their morphology, then matched the images with amphibian identification books. After the next step was identified, the amphibian was photographed for documentation. If amphibians are not identified in the field, the amphibians are taken to the Cibinong Zoology LIPI to be identified. The results obtained were 13 species (Leptobrachium haseltii, Megophrys montana, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Leptophyryne cruentata, Rhacoporus javanus, Philautus aurifasciatus, dan Nycxtixalus margaritifer, Rana calconata, Huia masonii, Oddorana hosii, Limnonectes kuhlii, Fejevarya limnocharis, Fejevarya limnocharis, and Limnonectes microdiscus) with a difference in the number of species of 5 species between the rainy and dry seasons such as (Leptobrachium haseltii, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Leptophyryne cruentata, Philautus aurifasciatus, and Nycxtixalus margaritifer).
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Dewi, Bainah Sari, Azalia Zania, Evi Damayanti, Kuswandono, and Rudi Hilmanto. "Diversity, Evenness, and Dominance Index of Amphibians in Lowland Rain Forest: A Case of Anura Ordo in Way Kambas National Park, Indonesia." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 12, no. 2 (May 31, 2024): 503–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl.v12i2.734.
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Amphibian is a vertebrate animal whose life is always associated with water. Anura ordo has the most extensive spread in Indonesia. A study on amphibians in Way Kambas National Park has never been conducted. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to find out the diversity, evenness, dominance, temperature, and humidity of three various habitats of amphibians of Anura ordo in Rawa Bunder National Park Management Resort (RPTN Rawa Bunder), Way Kambas National Park, Indonesia. Amphibian data was collected using the visual encounter survey and line transect methods. The results of this research discovered amphibians in 6 families, which consisted of 13 species of amphibians based on observations in three different habitat types. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') was categorized as moderate with the H' of 1.91–2.27. The evenness index (E) was considered stable, ranging between 0.87–0.91. The dominant index (D) falls into the low dominance group, with the D value ranging between 0.13–0.19. This shows that no dominant species is present. Keywords: Anura, amphibians, biodiversity, predominance, Way Kambas National Park
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Lemos-Espinal, Julio A., and Geoffrey R. Smith. "Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico." Check List 11, no. 3 (April 24, 2015): 1642. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.3.1642.
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We compiled a checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. The herpetofauna of Hidalgo consists of a total of 175 species: 54 amphibians (14 salamanders and 40 anurans); and 121 reptiles (one crocodile, five turtles, 36 lizards, 79 snakes). These taxa represent 32 families (12 amphibian families, 20 reptile families) and 87 genera (24 amphibian genera, 63 reptile genera). Two of these species are non-native species (Hemidactylus frenatus Duméril and Bibron, 1836 and Indotyphlops braminus (Daudin, 1803)). This herpetofauna represents a mixture of species from both the Sierra Madre Oriental and the Transvolcanic Belt. In addition, 26% of all categorized amphibian and reptile species in Hidalgo are considered Vulnerable, Near Threatened, Endangered, or Critically Endangered by the IUCN Red List. Thus, Hidalgo represents a relatively unique and threatened diversity of amphibians and reptiles.
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Faizulin, A. I. "ECOLOGICAL AND FAUNISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AMPHIBIANS (AMPHIBIA) OF THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences 24, no. 5 (2022): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/1990-5378-2022-24-5-5-9.
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Data on the history of studying the fauna and ecology of amphibians in the Chuvash Republic are given. Currently, the taxonomic composition of amphibians in the region includes 11 species. The habitat of a species of hybridogenic origin - an edible frog and two cryptic forms - the "western" and "eastern" lake frogs, has been confirmed. Further research is needed on the geographic distribution of amphibians, parasite fauna, and amphibian food links in the region.
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Anđelković, Marko, and Neda Bogdanović. "Amphibian and Reptile Road Mortality in Special Nature Reserve Obedska Bara, Serbia." Animals 12, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12050561.
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Amphibians and reptiles are the most threatened vertebrates by traffic, especially near ponds and wetlands. The main aim of this study was to examine seasonal and spatial patterns of amphibian and reptile road mortality in Special Nature Reserve “Obedska bara” (Serbia). We chose a road section of 4.2 km near the largest wetland in Serbia, with two different habitat types (forest-pond and agricultural area-pond). During 2018 (32 fieldwork days) and 2019–2020 (three control fieldwork days), we found 20,457 and 2231 road-killed animals, respectively. We recorded nine amphibian and eight reptile species. Amphibians (93%) were more vulnerable to traffic than reptiles (7%). The number of killed amphibians and reptiles varied between the seasons. Generally, amphibian roadkill was most frequent during the summer, whereas reptile roadkill was most frequent in spring and at the end of the summer. Furthermore, different roadkill patterns were observed during the examined months. In addition, we found that habitat type significantly affects the vulnerability of animals towards the roads. For both amphibians and reptiles, there were significant aggregations of roadkill, and most hotspots were located at the forest pond habitat type where mitigation measures must be applied (construction of tunnels and fences).
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SRIKANTIAH, P., J. C. LAY, S. HAND, J. A. CRUMP, J. CAMPBELL, M. S. VAN DUYNE, R. BISHOP, et al. "Salmonella enterica serotype Javiana infections associated with amphibian contact, Mississippi, 2001." Epidemiology and Infection 132, no. 2 (February 26, 2004): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268803001638.
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Salmonella Javiana is a Salmonella serotype that is restricted geographically in the United States to the Southeast. During the summer of 2001, the number of reported S. Javiana infections in Mississippi increased sevenfold. To identify sources of infection, we conducted a case-control study, defining a case as an infection with S. Javiana between August and September in a Mississippi resident. We enrolled 55 cases and 109 controls. Thirty (55%) case patients reported exposure to amphibians, defined as owning, touching, or seeing an amphibian on one's property, compared with 30 (29%) controls (matched odds ratio 2·8, P=0·006). Contact with amphibians and their environments may be a risk factor for human infection with S. Javiana. The geographic pattern of S. Javiana infections in the United States mimics the distribution of certain amphibian species in the Southeast. Public health officials should consider amphibians as potential sources of salmonellosis, and promote hand washing after contact with amphibians.
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Havlíková, Barbora, Barbora Havlíková, Vojtech Baláž, Barbora Havlíková, Vojtech Baláž, and Jiří Vojar. "First systematic monitoring of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in collections of captive amphibians in the Czech Republic." Amphibia-Reptilia 36, no. 1 (2015): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002972.
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The popularity of amphibians as pets in the Czech Republic is growing. Private keepers breed mainly exotic species that are available at popular exotic animal fairs and in pet shops. This growing demand for amphibians also brings increasing risk of disease transmission. In our study, we focused on two objectives: detecting the pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in captive amphibians across the Czech Republic and summarizing the results of itraconazole treatments. We performed a systematic survey, focusing on public institutions, the pet trade and private breeders. Of 610 amphibians tested, we recorded 5.1% to be infected with Bd. The fungus was present mainly as a mild asymptomatic infection, but we also found cases of acute disease, including mortalities. Amphibian breeders, zookeepers and pet sellers should regularly test their animals for the presence of Bd and other pathogens, because captive amphibians can serve as their reservoirs. When Bd infection is present in a captive amphibian, treatment should be appropriate to the infection’s intensity. The trade-off between the risk of disease and the risk of antifungal treatment varies greatly among species, and even itraconazole’s use can cause fatal health complications.
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Desnitskiy, A. G. "Pregastrular Development of Amphibians: Ontogenetic Diversity and Eco-Devo." Онтогенез 54, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0475145023020027.
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Comparative and ecological aspects of the reorganizations of early development in the class Amphibia are analyzed. We used data on the developmental diversity in a number of families belonging to the orders Anura and Caudata, in which many species had lost their connection with the aquatic environment. Model representatives of the class Amphibia (Ambystoma mexicanum, Rana temporaria, and Xenopus laevis) have small eggs (no more than 2.5 mm in diameter). In these species, the slowdown in the rate of cell divisions and the loss of synchrony occur at the midblastula stage. However, phylogenetically basal amphibian species (Ascaphus truei, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) are characterized by the large (4–6 mm in diameter) yolky eggs and a short series of synchronous blastomere divisions (the synchrony is already lost at the 8-cell stage of cleavage). They do not have a “midblastula transition”, which is characteristic of the above model species. On the other hand, many evolutionarily advanced non-model species of caudate and anuran amphibians (for example, Desmognathus fuscus, Gastrotheca riobambae, Philoria sphagnicolus), as well as the basal species, are characterized by the large, yolk-rich eggs and the early loss of cell division synchrony. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the cleavage pattern of the most extensively studied amphibians, the Mexican axolotl (Caudata) and the African clawed frog (Anura), represents a homoplasy. The midblastula transition, which is characteristic of these two species, might have evolved convergently in these two orders of amphibians as an embryonic adaptation to development in lentic water.
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Anwar, Khoironi, Arief Darmawan, Bainah Sari Dewi, and Yulia Rahma Fitriana. "Keanekaragaman Amfibi Di Areal Kelola Agroforestri KPH Batutegi Kabupaten Tanggamus Lampung." MAKILA 17, no. 1 (May 23, 2023): 26–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/makila.v17i1.6195.
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Amphibians are one of the constituent elements of ecosystems that have an essential role as bio-indicators of environmental damage. This study aimed to determine amphibians' diversity and identify amphibians' distribution in the carbon footprint reduction location at PT. Nestlé, KPH Batutegi, Tanggamus Regency, Lampung Province. Data was collected using Line Transect and Visual Encounter Survey (VES) methods, and collected data were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener index, dominance index, stable equality index, wealth index, and the spatial analysis method to determine the spatial distribution of amphibian species. The results showed moderate amphibian diversity, with the Shannon-Wiener index of 1.85455 low dominance index with a value of 0.08799, a stable equality index with an index value of 0.83755, and a wealth index included in the low criteria with an index value of 2.256214. There were ten species of amphibians from four families, namely katak tegalan (Fajervarya limnocharis), kodok puru (Ingerophrynus parvus), kongkang jangkrik (Rana nicobariensis), katak sejati (Ranidae), kongkang kolam (Hylrana chaconata), bancet rawa (Occidozyga sumatrana), katak pohon bergaris (Polypedates leucomystax), kodok buduk (Bufo asper), katak sisi kasar (Hylarana glandulosa), kodok sawah (Fajervarya cancrivora). The most common amphibian species were found close to the river with a distance of 0-50 m, with an altitude of 600-1000 mdpl, and the type of land cover was dry land agriculture. Amphibian diversity in KPH Batutegi is classified as moderate, so further research is needed to review the existing amphibian diversity after planting and caring for the location.
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Maltchik, L., CD Peixoto, C. Stenert, LFB Moreira, and IF Machado. "Dynamics of the terrestrial amphibian assemblage in a flooded riparian forest fragment in a Neotropical region in the south of Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 68, no. 4 (November 2008): 763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842008000400010.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to analyze the richness, abundance and composition of the terrestrial amphibian assemblage in a flooded riparian forest fragment in a Neotropical region in the south of Brazil over a year (2002-2003). A total of 1,265 terrestrial amphibians were captured, representing 12 species and six families. Leiuperidae represented 41.7 and 56.3% of the total number of species and individuals captured, respectively. The amphibian richness and abundance were higher in the Spring-Summer than in the Autumn-Winter period, and these attributes did not change after the flood events. However, the floods homogeneously distributed the amphibian species over the fragment. Our study documented the terrestrial amphibian's use in a riparian forest fragment associated to a floodplain system in the south of Brazil, showing the importance of these habitats as possible dispersal corridors among nearby wetlands.
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Christopher, Joseph M., Wilirk Ngalason, and John V. Lyakurwa. "Ecological Correlates for Endemic and Threatened Amphibians in the Uluguru Nature Forest Reserve, Tanzania." Tanzania Journal of Science 49, no. 4 (October 27, 2023): 859–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v49i4.7.
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Information on habitat characteristics for endemic and threatened amphibians along the altitudinal gradient in the Uluguru Nature Forest Reserve (UNFR) is limited. We assessed habitat characteristics associated with the occurrence of endemic and threatened amphibians in the Uluguru Nature Forest Reserve between April and June 2022. Bucket pitfall traps, time-constrained audio-visual surveys, plots and opportunistic searching were used to study amphibians in 6 sites along elevational gradient from 600 m to 2100 m a.s.l. Eighteen amphibian species were recorded, thirteen of them being endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains, two near-endemic and three widely distributed. Among the species recorded, seven are categorized as threatened as per IUCN Red List. We observed more endemic and threatened amphibians in the submontane forests (1200–1800 m) than in other sites. Negative correlations existed between temperature, canopy cover, leaf litter cover and leaf litter depth and species richness, whereas positive correlations existed between humidity and species richness. No single factor was responsible for the occurrence of endemic and threatened amphibians in the Uluguru Nature Forest Reserve. This is only a snapshot survey on the occurrence of threatened and endemic amphibians and their associated habitat features in the northern part of the Uluguru Nature Forest Reserve. A long-term monitoring of these amphibian species is recommended especially at this era of unprecedented forest loss and degradation.
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Lemos-Espinal, Julio A., Geoffrey R. Smith, and James C. Rorabaugh. "A conservation checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Sonora, Mexico, with updated species lists." ZooKeys 829 (March 11, 2019): 131–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.829.32146.
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Sonora has a rich natural diversity, including reptiles and amphibians. Sonora’s location on the United States-Mexico border creates some unique conservation challenges for its wildlife. We compiled a list of the amphibian and reptile species currently known for Sonora, summarized the conservation status of these species, and compared our list of species with known species lists for adjacent states. The herpetofauna of Sonora comprises 200 species of amphibians and reptiles (38 amphibians and 162 reptiles). Overall, Sonora shares the most species with Chihuahua, Sinaloa, and Arizona. Approximately 11% of the amphibian and reptile species are IUCN listed, but 35.5% are placed in a protected category by SEMARNAT, and 32.6% are categorized as high risk by the Environmental Vulnerability Score.
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Nunes, Ana L., Jennifer M. Fill, Sarah J. Davies, Marike Louw, Alexander D. Rebelo, Corey J. Thorp, Giovanni Vimercati, and John Measey. "A global meta-analysis of the ecological impacts of alien species on native amphibians." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1897 (February 27, 2019): 20182528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2528.
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The exponential increase in species introductions during the Anthropocene has brought about a major loss of biodiversity. Amphibians have suffered large declines, with more than 16% considered to be threatened by invasive species. We conducted a global meta-analysis of the impacts of alien species on native amphibians to determine which aspects of amphibian ecology are most affected by plant, invertebrate, fish, amphibian, reptile, or mammal introductions. Measures of fitness were most strongly affected; amphibian performance was consistently lower in the presence of alien species. While exposure to alien species caused a significant decrease in amphibian behavioural activity when compared with a no species control, this response was stronger towards a control of native impacting species. This indicates a high degree of prey naiveté towards alien species and highlights the importance of using different types of controls in empirical studies. Alien invertebrates had the greatest overall impact on amphibians. This study sets a new agenda for research on biological invasions, highlighting the lack of studies investigating the impacts of alien species on amphibian terrestrial life-history stages. It also emphasizes the strong ecological impacts that alien species have on amphibian fitness and suggests that future introductions or global spread of alien invertebrates could strongly exacerbate current amphibian declines.
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Andriishyn, B. O. "Faunistic review of amphibians in protected areas of Ukrainian Roztochia." Studia Biologica 14, no. 4 (December 2020): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sbi.1404.634.
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Background. Study of amphibian fauna as a necessary component of ecosystems is always relevant and requires a regular renewal of information, especially in protected areas. We conducted a field investigation of amphibians, a literature review and an inventory of the collections of herpetological funds in relation to three protected areas: the Roztochia Biosphere Reserve, the Yavorivskyi National Park, and the Cholgini Ornithological Reserve. Materials and Methods. The field study was performed by classical methods: route method with manual catching and with herpetological nets, vocalization method, sampling of amphibians crushed on the road, and catching individuals with frog fences. We also analyzed the literature and amphibian collections in the Zoological Museum of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv. Results. According to the available literature, the amphibian fauna of these three areas under protection is similar and typical of this region. The results of our field research slightly differ from the literature data, thus, there is a need for further studies. On the study areas, we found 12 species of amphibians, which is more than half of the number of amphibian species in Ukraine, in particular: Smooth Newt Lissotriton vulgaris, Great Crested Newt Triturus cristatus, Fire-bellied Toad Bombina bombina, Eastern Tree Frog Hyla orientalis, Common Spadefoot Toad Pelobates fuscus, Common Toad Bufo bufo, Green Toad Bufotes viridis, Common Frog Rana temporaria, Moor Frog Rana arvalis, Marsh Frog Pelophylax ridibundus, Edible Frog Pelophylax esculentus and Pool Frog Pelophylax lessonae. We detected 2 species of Caudata and 10 species of Anura. 10 species of amphibians were found in the Roztochia Biosphere Reserve, 5 species – in the Yavorivskyi National Park, and 9 species – in the Cholgini Ornithological Reserve. Conclusions. According to the field results, 4 species inhabit all three protected areas – Common Toad, Eastern Tree Frog, Marsh Frog and Edible Frog. A relatively small variety of amphibians found in the Yavorivskyi National Park can be due to the homogeneity of habitats and a proximity of one of the largest military proving grounds in Europe, which limits amphibians in choice of the reproductive and trophic habitats. These habitats deserve special attention because of their fast degradation for the last 10 years. Keywords: amphibians, fauna, protected areas, Ukrainian Roztochia, the Roztochia Biosphere Reserve, the Yavorivskyi National Park, the Cholgini Ornithological Reserve
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Siahaan, Kornelius, Bainah Sari Dewi, and Arief Darmawan. "The Diversity of Amphibian from Order Anura in the Protected and Utilization Blocks of Integrated Educational Conservation Forest, Wan Abdul Rachman Great Forest Park." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 7, no. 3 (September 29, 2019): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl37370-378.
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Amphibians are part of biodiversity that spread in various places in the world. Amphibians have an important role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem as part of the food chain system. However, lack of public understanding caused the potential of Anura amphibians to have not been explored optimally hence research on Anura amphibians in the Wan Abdul Rachman Great Forest Park (Tahura WAR) is very important to support Anura's conservation efforts. This study aims to understand and identify the diversity of Anura order amphibians in the Protection and Utilization Blocks of the Tahura WAR on forest and river habitat types. Data was collected by using Line Transect and Visual Encounter Survey method. Data collection using Line Transect was conducted by making a narrow transverse path at the observation site, while the Visual Encounter Survey was conducted by making a wildlife observation path with 3 replications. Analysis of the data used included amphibian diversity, community similarity index, and species evenness. The results found 25 individuals of Anura amphibians in the Protection Block and 40 individuals in the Utilization Block of Tahura WAR. Overall, 65 individuals were found consisting of 3 species of amphibians from 2 families i. e., 2 species of the Ranidae family and 1 species of the Bufonidae family. The results showed that the species diversity index, species richness index, and community similarity index in the Protection and Utilization Blocks of Tahura WAR were categorized as low. Reforestation needs to be done so that the Anura habitat is maintained.Keywords: amphibian, biodiversity, order Anura, Tahura WAR
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Wallace, Zach, and Lusha M. Tronstad. "Factors influencing amphibian distributions in Grand Teton National Park and western Wyoming." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 41 (December 15, 2018): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2018.5663.
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Predicting the distribution of amphibians can be difficult because habitat suitability may depend on a variety of environmental and anthropogenic factors, including water quality of wetlands, geology of watersheds, and presence of invasive pathogens. Previous studies hypothesized that water chemistry may influence the rate of chytrid infection in amphibians where higher conductivity sites may have less infection. We sampled two watersheds in Grand Teton National Park and 3 watersheds adjacent to the park, and measured amphibian presence, chytrid infection, basic water quality, major ion concentrations and geology of the wetland. This is part of a larger project where we are comparing amphibian presence and infection rate among wetlands in the Gros Ventre, Wind River, and Teton Ranges. We sampled watersheds that were predominately limestone, granite or a mixture. Water quality varied among sites with higher conductivity and ion concentrations for limestone watersheds compared to granite watersheds. This report includes preliminary results of amphibian surveys and water quality analyses. Future analyses will relate occupancy rates of amphibians to environmental factors, including water chemistry, geology, and presence of chytrid fungus, as well as comparing detection rates of amphibians with environmental DNA (eDNA) and visual observation surveys.
Featured photo by Neal Herbert on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/2gv9PJA
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Bird, R. J., E. Paterson, J. R. Downie, and B. K. Mable. "Linking water quality with amphibian breeding and development: a case study comparing natural ponds and Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) in East Kilbride, Scotland." Glasgow Naturalist 27, Supplement (2018): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37208/tgn27s09.
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Amphibians have declined due to habitat loss and alteration. Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) provide potential habitat for amphibians in urban landscapes. However, the contaminants they accumulate may cause increased pollutant exposure, and limited research has addressed whether differences in water quality between SuDS and natural ponds might restrict their use by amphibians. This study aimed to explore the effects of water quality on amphibian breeding and development in SuDS and natural ponds in East Kilbride, Scotland. A generalised linear modelling approach was employed to determine sources of variation in common frog (Rana temporaria) breeding and development in relation to pond size, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), chlorophyll and heavy metal concentrations. Key findings included that EC indicative of salt pollution was higher in SuDS than natural ponds, amphibians bred in both site types, but frog spawn clump densities were lower in SuDS, and tadpole development rates were higher in SuDS sites but decreased when aluminium concentrations exceeded concentrations those of surface water standards. However, pond desiccation was a significant element in the 2018 study year. It was concluded that natural ponds and SuDS varied in water quality but were important in supporting amphibian populations. However, water quality might influence amphibian development more than breeding attempts; implications and management recommendations are highlighted based on these observations.
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RIVERA-CORREA, MAURICIO, DIEGO BALDO, FLORENCIA VERA CANDIOTI, VICTOR GOYANNES DILL ORRICO, DAVID C. BLACKBURN, SANTIAGO CASTROVIEJO-FISHER, KIN ONN CHAN, et al. "Amphibians in Zootaxa: 20 years documenting the global diversity of frogs, salamanders, and caecilians." Zootaxa 4979, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4979.1.9.
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Zootaxa is a mega-journal that since its inception, 20 years ago, has contributed to the documentation of the planet’s biodiversity. Its role concerning terrestrial vertebrates has been crucial especially for amphibians, which are the most threatened class of vertebrates. As current editors of the Amphibia section, we reviewed the state of knowledge of taxonomic publications on amphibians over the last two decades (from 2001 to 2020). Our review reveals that 2,533 frogs, 259 salamanders, and 55 caecilians have been named in these 20 years, mainly in the tropical regions of South America, Asia, and Africa. More than half (57%) of these species descriptions were published in only 10 journals. At least 827 species of the new amphibians (29% of the total) were described in Zootaxa. This mega-journal has served also as a place of publication for monographs and systematic reviews, in addition to short articles documenting the vocalizations of anurans and the morphology of embryos and larvae. Its efficient evaluation process, the freedom of manuscript length, including full-color figures, and free of cost for the authors, has made Zootaxa a favorite for amphibian researchers. In an era of accelerating rates of biodiversity loss, documenting, describing, naming, and proposing evolutionary scenarios for species is, more than ever, an urgent task.
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Loc-Barragán, Jesús A., Geoffrey R. Smith, Guillermo A. Woolrich-Piña, and Julio A. Lemos-Espinal. "An updated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nayarit, Mexico with conservation status and comparison with adjoining States." Herpetozoa 37 (February 12, 2024): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.37.e112093.
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Herein, we present an updated list of the species of amphibians and reptiles that inhabit Nayarit, Mexico. In the years since the publication of a previous list in 2016, threats to amphibians and reptiles in Nayarit have continued unabated and efforts to more fully catalogue the richness of Nayarit’s herpetofauna have continued. Nayarit harbours 162 native species of amphibians and reptiles, representing 35 families and 85 genera. These include 37 species of amphibians (35 anurans and two salamanders) and 125 species of reptiles (one crocodile, 44 lizards, 69 snakes and 11 turtles). Of the amphibian and reptile species in Nayarit, 102 are endemic to Mexico and two endemic to Nayarit. The ecoregion with the highest richness of amphibians and reptiles in Nayarit is the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt followed closely by the Sierra Madre Occidental and then the Sierra Madre del Sur, the Pacific Lowlands and the Nayarit Islands. Just 5.8% of the species of amphibians and reptiles in Nayarit is IUCN-listed as Vulnerable, Endangered or Critically Endangered, 11.1% are placed in a protected category by SEMARNAT and nearly a third are categorised as high risk by the Environmental Vulnerability Score. The herpetofauna of Nayarit overlaps the most with Jalisco (88.9%). One of the main conclusions of our updated list of the amphibian and reptile species of Nayarit is that our understanding of the full complement of species is not complete, especially the reptiles.
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Costa, Sara, and Isabel Lopes. "Saprolegniosis in Amphibians: An Integrated Overview of a Fluffy Killer Disease." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 5 (May 22, 2022): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8050537.
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Amphibians constitute the class of vertebrates with the highest proportion of threatened species, with infectious diseases being considered among the greatest causes for their worldwide decline. Aquatic oomycetes, known as “water molds”, are fungus-like microorganisms that are ubiquitous in freshwater ecosystems and are capable of causing disease in a broad range of amphibian hosts. Various species of Achlya sp., Leptolegnia sp., Aphanomyces sp., and mainly, Saprolegnia sp., are responsible for mass die-offs in the early developmental stages of a wide range of amphibian populations through a disease known as saprolegniosis, aka, molding or a “Saprolegnia-like infection”. In this context, the main objective of the present review was to bring together updated information about saprolegniosis in amphibians to integrate existing knowledge, identify current knowledge gaps, and suggest future directions within the saprolegniosis–amphibian research field. Based on the available literature and data, an integrated and critical interpretation of the results is discussed. Furthermore, the occurrence of saprolegniosis in natural and laboratory contexts and the factors that influence both pathogen incidence and host susceptibility are also addressed. The focus of this work was the species Saprolegnia sp., due to its ecological importance on amphibian population dynamics and due to the fact that this is the most reported genera to be associated with saprolegniosis in amphibians. In addition, integrated emerging therapies, and their potential application to treat saprolegniosis in amphibians, were evaluated, and future actions are suggested.
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Crump, D. "The effects of UV-B radiation and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the biology of amphibians." Environmental Reviews 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a01-001.
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Statistical meta-analysis of large and diverse data sets has indicated that amphibians have been declining worldwide since the 1960s. Exposure to UV-B radiation (280320 nm) and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been considered as possible hypotheses to explain the observed declines. Equivocal conclusions have been reached with respect to the effects of UV-B on amphibian populations. Field and laboratory studies employing both ecologically relevant and enhanced UV-B levels have been conducted using a variety of amphibian species and reports differ with respect to the most sensitive developmental stage and the ultimate implications. UV-B radiation has also been shown to interact with other stressors (e.g., pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, low pH) resulting in decreased survivorship for several amphibian species. Limited evidence of reproductive toxicity of xenobiotics in amphibians exist; however, early exposure to EDCs could cause abnormal development of the amphibian reproductive system, inhibit vital hormone messages that drive metamorphosis, and ultimately contribute to the decline of some amphibian populations. The available evidence suggests that more than one agent is contributing to amphibian population declines and the following review narrows the focus to address the existing data on the effects of UV-B, alone and in combination with other stressors, and EDCs on amphibian survivorship and development. Key words: amphibians, UV-B radiation, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, declines, review.
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Ruben, Laurens N., Richard H. Clothier, and Michael Balls. "Cancer Resistance in Amphibians." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 35, no. 5 (October 2007): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290703500514.
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While spontaneous tumours may occasionally develop in inbred and isogenic strains of Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad, they are extremely rare in natural and laboratory populations. Only two amphibian neoplasms, the renal adenocarcinoma of Rana pipiens and the lymphosarcoma of Xenopus laevis, have been extensively explored. Amphibians are resistant to the development of neo-plasia, even following exposure to “direct-acting” chemical carcinogens such as N-methyl- N-nitrosourea, that are highly lymphotoxic, thus diminishing immune reactivity. Regenerative capacity in adults, and a dramatic metamorphosis which remodels much of the larval body to produce the adult form, are unique to amphibian vertebrates, and the control mechanisms involved may protect against cancer. For example, naturally rising corticosteroid titres during metamorphosis will impair some T-cell functions, and the removal of T-regulatory (suppressor) functions inhibits the induction of altered-self tolerance. Altered-self tolerance is not as effectively induced in adult Xenopus laevis as in mammals, so cancer cells with new antigenicity are more likely be rejected in amphibians. Amphibian immunocytes tend to undergo apoptosis readily in vitro, and, unlike mammalian immunocytes, undergo apoptosis without entering the cell cycle. Cells not in the cell cycle that die from nuclear damage (apoptosis), will have no opportunity to express genetic instability leading to cell transformation. We suggest that all these factors, rather than any one of them, may reduce susceptibility to cancer in amphibians.
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Li, Wenhao, Xianglei Hou, Yunlong Zhu, Jiacong Du, Chunxia Xu, Jingyuan Yang, and Yiming Li. "eDNA Metabarcoding Reveals the Species–Area Relationship of Amphibians on the Zhoushan Archipelago." Animals 14, no. 11 (May 21, 2024): 1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14111519.
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The species–area relationship is important for understanding species diversity patterns at spatial scales, but few studies have examined the relationship using environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques. We investigated amphibian diversity on 21 islands of the Zhoushan Archipelago and nearby mainland areas in China using the combination of eDNA metabarcoding and the traditional line transect method (TLTM) and identified the species–area relationship for amphibians on the islands. The mean detection probability of eDNA is 0.54, while the mean detection probability of TLTM is 0.24. The eDNA metabarcoding detected eight amphibian species on the islands and nine species in the mainland areas, compared with seven species on the islands and nine species in the mainland areas that were identified by TLTM. Amphibian richness on the islands increased with island area and habitat diversity. The species–area relationship for amphibians in the archipelago was formulated as the power function (S = 0.47A0.21) or exponential function (S = 2.59 + 2.41 (logA)). Our results suggested that eDNA metabarcoding is more sensitive for the detection of amphibian species. The combined use of eDNA metabarcoding and the traditional line transect method may optimize the survey results for amphibians.
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Jadesh, Murali, Parshuram Kamble, K. Manjunath, K. Ravikiran, and Sharanappa Padashetty. "A Preliminary Survey of Amphibians and Reptiles in around Gulbarga University Campus, Karnataka, India." International Letters of Natural Sciences 27 (October 2014): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.27.67.
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The study involves survey of amphibian and reptile in and around Gulbarga University Campus. Survey was conducted from Jan 2012 to March 2013. The survey methods involved careful visual estimation of amphibians and reptilian in all the possible habitats present in the study area. The objective of the study included evaluate of species composition, relative abundance and distribution of amphibian and reptile of the chosen area. During survey a total of 16 species of herpetofauna identified belonging to 12 families, which includes 9 species of snakes, 4 species amphibians, 3 species of lizards
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Faizulin, A. I. "STATE OF THE AMPHIBIAN COLLECTION OF THE INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY OF THE VOLGA BASIN OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences 24, no. 5 (2022): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/1990-5378-2022-24-5-10-15.
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The article was received by the editors 15.04.2022 The results of the amphibian collection of the Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin of the Russian Academy of Sciences are presented. The formation of the collection fund began in 2001, the collection of samples was replenished with specimens transferred by other collectors after helminthological opening, as well as amphibians found dead. The funds also include collections of amphibian specimens of the Zhiguli Reserve. Currently, in the collection of amphibians, the IEVB RAS includes 2795 specimens representing 14 taxa of species rank.
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Jadesh, Murali, Parshuram Kamble, K. Manjunath, K. Ravikiran, and Sharanappa Padashetty. "A Preliminary Survey of Amphibians and Reptiles in around Gulbarga University Campus, Karnataka, India." International Letters of Natural Sciences 27 (October 15, 2014): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-05dv1h.
Full textAbstract:
The study involves survey of amphibian and reptile in and around Gulbarga University Campus. Survey was conducted from Jan 2012 to March 2013. The survey methods involved careful visual estimation of amphibians and reptilian in all the possible habitats present in the study area. The objective of the study included evaluate of species composition, relative abundance and distribution of amphibian and reptile of the chosen area. During survey a total of 16 species of herpetofauna identified belonging to 12 families, which includes 9 species of snakes, 4 species amphibians, 3 species of lizards
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Llopart, Juan Pablo, Paloma Alvarez-Blanco, Lucía Moreira-Demarco, Alok Bang, Elena Angulo, and Raúl Maneyro. "Testing the Novel Weapons Hypothesis of the Argentine Ant Venom on Amphibians." Toxins 15, no. 4 (March 23, 2023): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15040235.
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The globally invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) possesses a venom lethal to some amphibian species in the invaded range. To test the novel weapons hypothesis (NWH), the effects of the toxin on the cohabiting amphibian species in the ant’s native range need to be investigated. The invader should benefit from the novel chemical in the invaded range, because the species are not adapted, but the venom should not be effective in the native range. We explore the venom effects on juveniles of three amphibian species with different degrees of myrmecophagy inhabiting the ant’s native range: Rhinella arenarum, Odontophrynus americanus, and Boana pulchella. We exposed the amphibians to the ant venom, determined the toxic dose, and evaluated the short- (10 min to 24 h) and medium-term (14 days) effects. All amphibian species were affected by the venom independently of myrmecophagy. In addition to amphibian sensitivity, we discuss how the differential Argentine ant abundance and density in the two ranges could be the key to the susceptibility of amphibians to the venom, resulting in the possibility of NWH. Our results confirm the potential magnitude of the impact of the Argentine ant in successfully invaded areas for the conservation of already threatened amphibians.
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Adriadi, Ade, Asrizal Paiman, and Rini Indriani. "EKSPLORASI JENIS AMFIBI DI SEPANJANG PINGGIRAN DANAU SIPIN JAMBI, SUMATERA TENGAH." Bioma 19, no. 2 (December 29, 2023): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/bioma19(2).3.
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This study aimed to determine the diversity of amphibian species in different habitat types along shore of Lake Sipin. This study used a combination of path (Transect) and VES (Visual Encounter Survey) methods. Research area was determined using purposive sampling based on the function of the habitat and the number of prey animals. The population in this study was all amphibians in the Sipin Lake. The samples were all amphibians caught using fishing nets or bare hands. Identification of amphibian species found in the lake used field guidebooks and online-based guide. The results of research carried out along the edge of Lake Sipin showed 215 individuals, 8 species and 4 families were found to be amphibians. The diversity index for amphibian species generally shows an H' index with an H' value of 1.19, which is included in the medium diversity index value. The overall amphibian species evenness index value is classified as an unstable community (E=0.573) and the amphibian species richness index value generally shows a low species richness index (Dmg=1.303). Meanwhile, the value of the community similarity index or Index of Similarity (IS) generally shows that natural habitats and tourism are relatively high with an index value of 90%.
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Byer, Alyssa M., Kaylie M. Nguyen, Tatum S. Katz, Renwei Chen, and Cheryl J. Briggs. "Drosophila melanogaster as a model arthropod carrier for the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis." PLOS ONE 19, no. 7 (July 24, 2024): e0307833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307833.
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The fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) causes the disease amphibian chytridiomycosis, which has contributed to population declines in many species of amphibians throughout the world. Previous observational studies have shown that nematodes, waterfowl, lizards, other dipterans, and crayfish have properties which may allow them to harbor and spread Bd; therefore, we sought to determine the carrier capabilities of invertebrates to a further extent in a laboratory setting. We use the insect Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism to quantify the potential relationship between insects and Bd. Our findings show that D. melanogaster can test positive for Bd for up to five days post-exposure and can transmit Bd to conspecifics without suffering mortality. Insects of various types interact with the amphibian habitat and amphibians themselves, making this a potentially important route of transmission between amphibians and of dispersal across the environment.
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Gotkiewicz, Wojciech, Krzysztof Wittbrodt, and Ewa Dragańska. "The Dynamics of Changes in the Amphibian (Amphibia) Population Size in the Masurian Landscape Park Monitoring Results of Spring Migration Monitoring from the Years 2011–2019." Environmental Protection and Natural Resources 31, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2020-0013.
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Abstract The study presents the results of nine-year-long monitoring of the population size of amphibians (Amphibia) as one of the indicator communities used to assess the biological diversity level. The study was conducted in the Masurian Landscape Park located in Warmińsko-MazurskieVoivodeship. The obtained results demonstrated that 13 out of the 18 domestic amphibian species occurred in the area selected for research activities, including the species entered in the IUCN Red List. No clear correlation was found between the dynamics of population changes and the environmental, primarily climatic, determinants.
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Hallinger, Malek J., Anja Taubert, and Carlos Hermosilla. "Endoparasites infecting exotic captive amphibian pet and zoo animals (Anura, Caudata) in Germany." Parasitology Research 119, no. 11 (September 22, 2020): 3659–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06876-0.
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Abstract Alongside exotic reptiles, amphibians, such as toads, frogs, salamanders, and newts, are nowadays considered popular pets worldwide. As reported for other exotic pet animals, amphibians are known to harbor numerous gastrointestinal parasites. Nonetheless, very little data are available on captive amphibian parasitic diseases. In this study, we applied direct saline fecal smears (DSFS) to examine in total 161 stool samples from 41 different amphibian species belonging to the orders Anura and Caudata. In addition, carbolfuchsin-smear (CFS) staining (n = 74 samples) was used to detect amphibian Cryptosporidium oocysts. Also, complete dissections of deceased amphibians (n = 107) were performed to specify parasite infections and to address parasite-associated pathogenicity. Overall, examined amphibian fecal samples contained 12 different parasite taxa. The order Rhabditida with the species Rhabdias spp. and Strongyloides spp. were the most prevalent nematode species (19.3%), followed by flagellated protozoans (8.7%), Amphibiocapillaria spp./Neocapillaria spp. (7.5%), Oswaldocruzia spp. (4.3%), Blastocystis spp. (3.1%), Cosmocerca spp. (3.1%), oxyurids (Pharyngonoidae) (3.1%), spirurids (1.2%), un-sporulated coccidian oocysts (0.6%), Tritrichomonas spp. (0.6%), Karotomorpha spp. (0.6%), and Cryptosporidium spp. (0.6%). One CFS-stained fecal sample (1.4%) was positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Within dissected amphibians, 31 (48.4%) of the anurans and 11 (26.2%) of the salamanders were infected with gastrointestinal parasites. One cutaneous Pseudocapillaroides xenopi infection was diagnosed in an adult African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). Etiologically, 17 (15.9%) of them died due to severe parasitic and/or bacterial infections (e.g., Chryseobacterium indologenes, Citrobacter freudii, Sphingobacterium multivorum, Klebsiella pneumoniae). High prevalence and pathological findings of several clinical amphibian parasitoses call for more detailed investigation on gastrointestinal parasite-derived molecular mechanisms associated with detrimental lesions or even death.
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Rocha, Carlos Frederico Duarte, Felipe Bottona da Silva Telles, Davor Vrcibradic, and Paulo Nogueira-Costa. "The Herpetofauna from Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil): updating species composition, richness, distribution and endemisms." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 58 (June 20, 2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.25.
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Ilha Grande is a large continental island (total area of 19,300 ha) situated at the southern coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro, in southeast Brazil, within the Atlantic Forest Biome. Here we provide an update to the previous knowledge of the fauna of amphibians and reptiles occurring in Ilha Grande, based on primary data from our own fieldwork and on secondary data (from institutional collections and from the literature). We report the occurrence at Ilha Grande of a total of 74 species, being 34 amphibians (all of them anurans) and 40 reptiles (27 snakes, 11 lizards, one amphisbaenian and one crocodylian). Our survey added 14 species to the herpetofaunal list of Ilha Grande (three of amphibians and eleven of reptiles) and removed one species (the amphibian Cycloramphus fuliginosus) from the previous list. The data indicated that Ilha Grande houses a considerable portion of the Atlantic Forest amphibian and reptile diversity (ca. 6% and 19%, respectively, of the species occurring in this biome) together with high occurrence of species endemic to this biome plus a few amphibian species endemic to this island. Ilha Grande is thus an important reservoir of both biodiversity and endemism of amphibians and reptiles of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, which highlights the importance of the conservation of the island and of its different habitats along the insular landscape.
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Araújo, Olívia Gabriela dos Santos, Luís Felipe Toledo, Paulo Christiano Anchietta Garcia, and Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad. "The amphibians of São Paulo State, Brazil amphibians of São Paulo." Biota Neotropica 9, no. 4 (December 2009): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032009000400020.
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The State of São Paulo is one of the most studied regions of Brazil in regard to amphibian species richness and distribution. However, we still do not have a list of species for the State. Therefore, we present here a list including 231 species of amphibians (225 anurans and six caecilians), of which 27 are endemic. We present data about previous and current taxonomists and speculate about future prospects in the study and conservation of amphibian biodiversity in São Paulo State.
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Pankaj, Nalinaksh, and Bhrigu Nath. "Amphibian diversity in different habitat of Agro ecosystem in Aurangabad district (Bihar)." International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.55126/ijzab.2022.v07.i02.003.
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Amphibians are one of the key components of various ecosystems viz. freshwater, grassland as well as forest ecosystem. Present study for assessment of amphibian diversity was conducted in different agro ecosystem habitat types of Aurangabad district of Bihar province. Different habitat types selected for assessment of amphibian diversity of this area as: - (1) agricultural and non-agricultural land (2) pond (3) grassland. The data was collected by visual encounter survey and call count survey using line transect method. Species identification was confirmed with pictorial guide and various identification keys available. Collected data was analysed descriptively as well as statistically to find out different diversity indices. A total of 13 species of amphibians belonging to 4 families and 9genera were recorded. This study reveals that the Aurangabad district of Bihar province is rich in amphibian fauna. The district lies between 24°45’ and 24°75’ North Longitude and 84°22’ and 84°37’ East latitude. Further studies may explore the population structure, microhabitat, habitat, and use by amphibians for better understanding and also impose of several conservation strategies in Bihar state.
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Shelly and Rajwinder Singh. "Global Amphibian Decline: Diversity, Threats and Management Strategies." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 30, no. 7 (June 29, 2024): 543–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72168.
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Amphibians are small cold blooded tetra pods containing frogs, toads, caecilians and salamanders. There are over 8,500 species of amphibians known all over the world and nearly 447 species from India inhabiting water habitats. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)'s Red List of threatened species estimates that at least one-third of known amphibian species are threatened with extinction, a rate much higher than that for other vertebrate groups like birds and mammals. Amphibian population decline represent a leading example of biodiversity crisis as they are continuously disappearing from their habitats on a global scale. Factors responsible for the amphibian decline are numerous and complex likes habitat destruction, alien species invasive, over exploitation, climate change, infectious diseases and chemical contamination. Amphibians are the crucial component of the ecosystem so their conservation becomes the need of hour. The conservation priority should include the population monitoring and environment sensing, reservation of wetlands, reservoirs, ponds, habitat restoration and management, minimizing the use of pesticides, captive breeding program for endangered species and also awareness among local people about the importance of frogs and toads.
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Lemos-Espinal, Julio A., and Geoffrey R. Smith. "An analysis of the inter-state similarity of the herpetofaunas of Mexican states." Nature Conservation 53 (September 25, 2023): 223–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.53.106732.
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Mexico is a megadiverse country with high amphibian and reptile richness. Understanding how Mexico’s herpetofauna is shared among Mexican states can contribute to developing conservation plans by figuring out which states may need to coordinate conservation actions. We generated species lists for the herpetofauna for all Mexican states, and used hierarchical clustering analyses to identify clusters of states on the basis of amphibian and reptile species separately. We also calculated pair-wise Jaccard distances for all Mexican states for amphibians, reptiles, and physiographic provinces and estimated the length of shared borders between states and the geographic (straight-line) distance between the centroids of pairs of states. We used these data to explore potential drivers of the cluster analysis results. Our cluster analysis for amphibians identified five clusters with nine subclusters, and for reptiles, resulted in four clusters with six subclusters. In general, the clusters for Mexican amphibians and reptiles have a similar composition of states. However, for amphibians, the states of Veracruz and Puebla form a cluster separate from a large cluster of northeastern Mexican states, whereas in reptiles Veracruz and Puebla cluster with northeastern Mexican states. Jaccard distances of amphibians and reptiles were highly, positively correlated. Both amphibian and reptile Jaccard distances were positively correlated with the physiographic provinces’ Jaccard distance and shared border length and negatively correlated with the distance between centroids. Taken together, our results suggest that the pattern of the sharing of herpetofaunal species among Mexican states is a consequence of the states’ proximity. Such a pattern is consistent with the underlying driver being the similarity of physiographic provinces (i.e., habitats and ecosystems) of these states (i.e., geographic proximity likely reflects, at least in large part, ecological similarity). Our results suggest clusters of states that should coordinate the conservation and management of their herpetofaunas. For example, clusters of states in southern Mexico share a high number of threatened amphibian species and clusters of states in northern Mexico share a high number of threatened reptile species. Oaxaca is also a state that has a unique herpetofauna and a high number of threatened species of both amphibians and reptiles.
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Balandiukh, N. "The food spectrum analysis of Rana temporaria and Bufo bufo in anthropogenically transformed habitats of the Ukrainian Roztochchia." Animal Biology 25, no. 4 (December 2023): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/animbiol25.04.003.
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As a result of the research, 109 individuals of two amphibian species: the common frog (Rana temporaria) and the common toad (Bufo bufo) were selected. These two species are the most numerous among other species of amphibians within the studied territory, therefore, they can be considered typical species in the anthropogenically transformed habitats of the Ukrainian Roztochchia. During the analysis of the collected material, Ivlev’s selectivity index was used to determine the selective attitude of the studied amphibian species to the number of consumed objects. Comparing data obtained from Barber’s traps and material extracted from the stomachs of amphibians, it was concluded that depending on the habitat type, both the common frog (Rana temporaria) and the common toad (Bufo bufo) show a certain feeding selectivity. The common toad consumes mostly the representatives of Annelida (15%), Arachnida (15%) and Coleoptera (18%), what makes up 48% of all consumed objects in total. The common frog, under the conditions of anthropogenically transformed environment, prefers Mollusca (15%), Myriapoda (20%) and Hemiptera (20%) mostly, what is 55% in total. In half of the stomachs we examined for, both amphibian species, plant residues were found, specifically parts of leaves and branches. Additionally, in individuals of the Bufo bufo species, stones were discovered in the stomach. Most likely, these items ended up there accidentally during the capture of primary food objects. Species of tailless amphibians are highly vulnerable to the negative impact of various anthropogenic factors. Deforestation, water bodies drainage, and global or local environmental pollution can significantly affect diverse ecosystems. This, in turn, may lead to the disappearance of segments of the dietary spectrum for amphibians. Monitoring the trophic interactions of this animal class is crucial, given the importance of amphibians as vital links in food chains. This factor underscores the need for periodic trophic monitoring, as amphibians play a pivotal role in sustaining ecological balance within their vulnerable populations.