Academic literature on the topic 'Amphibia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Amphibia"
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Liando, Greace Kurniawati, Deidy Yulius Katili, and Lalu Wahyudi. "KEANEKARAGAMAN AMPHIBIA DI KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI." PHARMACON 8, no. 3 (August 28, 2019): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/pha.8.2019.29337.
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Amphibia is a vertebrate animal that lives in two realms: water and land. Amphibia consists of three orders, namely Caecilia, Caudata and Anura. Most amphibians have limbs such as limbs and fingers. This research aims to determine the extent of amphibian diversity that exists at the University Sam Ratulagi Manado campus based on the value of Shannon-Wiener index. The study used purposive sampling methods conducted in September-November 2017. Based on the research results there are six types of amphibia found namely, Peltophryne Lemur, Phrynoidis asper, Ingerophrynus biporcatus, Bufo melanostictus, Bufo bankorensis, and Bufo Gargarizans. The most widely discovered amphibian is Phrynoidis asper and the fewest found is Bufo bankorensis. The diversity index of amphibians observed on the campus of Unsrat is included in the medium with the value of Indeks1,783.Keywords: Diversity, Amphibia.ABSTRAKAmphibia merupakan hewan bertulang belakang yang hidup di dua alam yaitu air dan darat. Amphibia terdiri dari tiga ordo, yaitu Caecilia, Caudata dan Anura. Sebagian besar amphibia mempunyai anggota gerak seperti tungkai dan jari-jari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tingkat keanekaragaman amphibia yang ada di Kampus Universitas Sam Ratulagi Manado berdasarkan nilai indeks Shannon-Wiener. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling yang dilaksanakan pada bulan September-November 2017. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat enam jenis amphibia yang ditemukan yaitu, Peltophryne lemur, Phrynoidis asper, Ingerophrynus biporcatus, Bufo melanostictus, Bufo bankorensis, dan Bufo gargarizans. Amphibia yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah Phrynoidis asper dan yang paling sedikit ditemukan adalah Bufo bankorensis. Indeks keanekaragaman dari amphibia yang diamati terdapat di kampus Unsrat termasuk dalam kategori sedang dengan nilai indeks1,783.Kata kunci: Keanekaragaman, Amphibia.
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Gotkiewicz, Wojciech, Krzysztof Wittbrodt, and Ewa Dragańska. "The Dynamics of Changes in the Amphibian (Amphibia) Population Size in the Masurian Landscape Park Monitoring Results of Spring Migration Monitoring from the Years 2011–2019." Environmental Protection and Natural Resources 31, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2020-0013.
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Abstract The study presents the results of nine-year-long monitoring of the population size of amphibians (Amphibia) as one of the indicator communities used to assess the biological diversity level. The study was conducted in the Masurian Landscape Park located in Warmińsko-MazurskieVoivodeship. The obtained results demonstrated that 13 out of the 18 domestic amphibian species occurred in the area selected for research activities, including the species entered in the IUCN Red List. No clear correlation was found between the dynamics of population changes and the environmental, primarily climatic, determinants.
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Desnitskiy, A. G. "Pregastrular Development of Amphibians: Ontogenetic Diversity and Eco-Devo." Онтогенез 54, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0475145023020027.
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Comparative and ecological aspects of the reorganizations of early development in the class Amphibia are analyzed. We used data on the developmental diversity in a number of families belonging to the orders Anura and Caudata, in which many species had lost their connection with the aquatic environment. Model representatives of the class Amphibia (Ambystoma mexicanum, Rana temporaria, and Xenopus laevis) have small eggs (no more than 2.5 mm in diameter). In these species, the slowdown in the rate of cell divisions and the loss of synchrony occur at the midblastula stage. However, phylogenetically basal amphibian species (Ascaphus truei, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) are characterized by the large (4–6 mm in diameter) yolky eggs and a short series of synchronous blastomere divisions (the synchrony is already lost at the 8-cell stage of cleavage). They do not have a “midblastula transition”, which is characteristic of the above model species. On the other hand, many evolutionarily advanced non-model species of caudate and anuran amphibians (for example, Desmognathus fuscus, Gastrotheca riobambae, Philoria sphagnicolus), as well as the basal species, are characterized by the large, yolk-rich eggs and the early loss of cell division synchrony. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the cleavage pattern of the most extensively studied amphibians, the Mexican axolotl (Caudata) and the African clawed frog (Anura), represents a homoplasy. The midblastula transition, which is characteristic of these two species, might have evolved convergently in these two orders of amphibians as an embryonic adaptation to development in lentic water.
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Marushchak, O., and O. Muravynets. "Morphological abnormalities in tailless amphibians (Amphibia, Anura) in Ukraine." Geo&Bio 2018, no. 16 (November 25, 2018): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/gb.2018.16.076.
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Hime, Paul M., Alan R. Lemmon, Emily C. Moriarty Lemmon, Elizabeth Prendini, Jeremy M. Brown, Robert C. Thomson, Justin D. Kratovil, et al. "Phylogenomics Reveals Ancient Gene Tree Discordance in the Amphibian Tree of Life." Systematic Biology 70, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa034.
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Abstract Molecular phylogenies have yielded strong support for many parts of the amphibian Tree of Life, but poor support for the resolution of deeper nodes, including relationships among families and orders. To clarify these relationships, we provide a phylogenomic perspective on amphibian relationships by developing a taxon-specific Anchored Hybrid Enrichment protocol targeting hundreds of conserved exons which are effective across the class. After obtaining data from 220 loci for 286 species (representing 94% of the families and 44% of the genera), we estimate a phylogeny for extant amphibians and identify gene tree–species tree conflict across the deepest branches of the amphibian phylogeny. We perform locus-by-locus genealogical interrogation of alternative topological hypotheses for amphibian monophyly, focusing on interordinal relationships. We find that phylogenetic signal deep in the amphibian phylogeny varies greatly across loci in a manner that is consistent with incomplete lineage sorting in the ancestral lineage of extant amphibians. Our results overwhelmingly support amphibian monophyly and a sister relationship between frogs and salamanders, consistent with the Batrachia hypothesis. Species tree analyses converge on a small set of topological hypotheses for the relationships among extant amphibian families. These results clarify several contentious portions of the amphibian Tree of Life, which in conjunction with a set of vetted fossil calibrations, support a surprisingly younger timescale for crown and ordinal amphibian diversification than previously reported. More broadly, our study provides insight into the sources, magnitudes, and heterogeneity of support across loci in phylogenomic data sets.[AIC; Amphibia; Batrachia; Phylogeny; gene tree–species tree discordance; genomics; information theory.]
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Grogan, Laura F., Josephine E. Humphries, Jacques Robert, Chantal M. Lanctôt, Catherine J. Nock, David A. Newell, and Hamish I. McCallum. "Immunological Aspects of Chytridiomycosis." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 4 (October 19, 2020): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6040234.
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Amphibians are currently the most threatened vertebrate class, with the disease chytridiomycosis being a major contributor to their global declines. Chytridiomycosis is a frequently fatal skin disease caused by the fungal pathogens Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal). The severity and extent of the impact of the infection caused by these pathogens across modern Amphibia are unprecedented in the history of vertebrate infectious diseases. The immune system of amphibians is thought to be largely similar to that of other jawed vertebrates, such as mammals. However, amphibian hosts are both ectothermic and water-dependent, which are characteristics favouring fungal proliferation. Although amphibians possess robust constitutive host defences, Bd/Bsal replicate within host cells once these defences have been breached. Intracellular fungal localisation may contribute to evasion of the induced innate immune response. Increasing evidence suggests that once the innate defences are surpassed, fungal virulence factors suppress the targeted adaptive immune responses whilst promoting an ineffectual inflammatory cascade, resulting in immunopathology and systemic metabolic disruption. Thus, although infections are contained within the integument, crucial homeostatic processes become compromised, leading to mortality. In this paper, we present an integrated synthesis of amphibian post-metamorphic immunological responses and the corresponding outcomes of infection with Bd, focusing on recent developments within the field and highlighting future directions.
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Hetherington, Thomas E., and Justin R. Tugaoen. "Histochemical studies on the amphibian opercularis muscle (Amphibia)." Zoomorphology 109, no. 5 (July 1990): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00312194.
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Partridge, James W. "Persicaria amphibia (L. ) Gray (Polygonum amphibium L.)." Journal of Ecology 89, no. 3 (June 2001): 487–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00571.x.
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Vences, Miguel, and Jörn Köhler. "Global diversity of amphibians (Amphibia) in freshwater." Hydrobiologia 595, no. 1 (December 18, 2007): 569–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9032-2.
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Lang, M. A., J. S. Handler, and H. Gainer. "Neurohypophysial peptide potencies in cultured anuran epithelia (A6)." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 251, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): R77—R81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1986.251.1.r77.
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To characterize the V2 receptor (for antidiuretic hormone), we have studied the effect of a number of neurohypophysial hormone analogues on cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation and short-circuit current in cultured epithelia formed by A6 cells. A6 is the designation of a continuous cell line derived from the kidney of Xenopus laevis. The order of potency for stimulating cAMP accumulation and short-circuit current in A6 epithelia is like that for stimulating water permeability in toad urinary bladder. As anticipated, arginine vasotocin (AVT), the antidiuretic hormone of Amphibia, is more potent than arginine vasopressin (AVP), the antidiuretic hormone of most mammals. The two hormones differ only in the third amino acid (Phe-3 in AVP is a substitution for Ile-3 in AVT). However, there are a number of striking differences in the responsiveness of these amphibian V2 receptors and mammalian V2 receptors to changes in the 7th, 8th, and 9th amino acids where AVT and AVP are identical. 1) Substitution of Lys-8 for Arg-8 in AVP results in marked loss of potency in Amphibia, whereas there is only modest loss of potency in mammals. 2) Desglycinamide AVP is nearly as potent as AVP in Amphibia, whereas it is inactive in mammals. 2) Tocinoic acid, lacking amino acids 7, 8, and 9, has activity in Amphibia, but pressinoic acid, lacking the same three amino acids, is inactive.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Amphibia"
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Walsh, Denis M. "Systematics of the caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona)." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75669.
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Determining the higher level relationships of the modern amphibian order Gymnophiona (caecilians) poses a number of methodological problems. A cladistic methodology is outlined by which the phylogenetic relationships of this group can be determined objectively. Among the possible sister groups analyzed, which include dissorophid temnospondyls, aistopods, nectrideans, lysorophoids, microsaurs, anurans and urodeles, the microsaurs of the families Gymnarthridae and Goniorhynchidae are the most plausible sister group of caecilians, based on cranial osteology. Hence, the three modern orders of amphibians, caecilians, anurans and urodeles, do not constitute a monophyletic assemblage exclusive of all other groups. Ingroup analysis indicates that the Ichthyophiidae is the most primitive living caecilian family. The cladistic analysis suggests that features of the unique jaw apparatus define two groups of caecilians which diverged, phylogenetically, early in the group's history. Morphometric analysis reveals that elements of the jaw apparatus compose a functional suite of features. Aspects of the development, function, and significance of the jaw to miniaturization of the caecilian skull are inferred from the morphometric analysis.
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Santana, Érika Marques de. "Efeitos da poluição industrial sobre anuros (Amphibia) da Mata Atlântica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-14102013-110736/.
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A contaminação gerada pelas indústrias da cidade de Cubatão, no litoral do estado de São Paulo, vem causando danos à estrutura da Mata Atlântica circundante ao longo das últimas décadas. A Mata Atlântica abriga uma alta diversidade de anfíbios e estes podem ser bons indicadores ambientais. O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar possíveis efeitos desta contaminação em anfíbios anuros. A nossa hipótese é que existe um gradiente de contaminação à medida que aumenta a distância entre as populações de anfíbios estudadas e a fonte de poluição. Além disso, levantamos a hipótese de que espécies especialistas, restritas a ambientes específicos e, portanto, consideradas mais suscetíveis à perturbação antrópica, seriam mais afetadas pela contaminação do que espécies generalistas. Populações de Cycloramphus dubius (especialista em habitat) e Rhinella ornata (generalista de habitat) foram amostradas nas localidades aqui chamadas de Mogi, Quilombo e Itatinga, localizadas em distâncias cada vez maiores de Cubatão. Cada indivíduo capturado foi submetido a medições, tais como a massa corporal e comprimento, utilizados para calcular o índice corporal (estimativa da condição corporal do indivíduo), além de medições da massa relativa de órgãos e de carga de parasitas no pulmão e no intestino. Essas variáveis foram comparadas entre populações das diferentes áreas amostradas. Amostras de tecido dos indivíduos e amostras de solo foram testados para a presença de contaminantes. No Mogi, o local mais próximo de Cubatão, os indivíduos de C. dubius e R. ornata apresentaram maior massa de fígado e corpos gordurosos para um mesmo índice corpóreo. Em C. dubius, a população do Quilombo, o local intermediário em relação à distância da fonte de contaminantes, apresentaram menores massas de fígado e de corpos gordurosos e cargas maiores de parasitas pulmonares. Em R. ornata, a população do Mogi apresentou maior massa do fígado, do rim e de corpos gordurosos, bem como a maior massa do baço, para a mesma carga de parasita. A localidade onde a contaminação dos tecidos e do solo foi maior variou com o tipo de contaminante. Este trabalho apresentou resultados conflitantes com relação à hipótese de relação entre os efeitos de contaminação e a distância das fontes de contaminantes. Talvez o fluxo constante de água no habitat de C. dubius não permita que poluentes se acumulem, e as diferenças encontradas no Quilombo pode estar relacionadas a outros aspectos da ecologia da espécie. Para R. ornata, talvez diferenças encontradas no Mogi reflitam contaminação por fontes locais. Finalmente, talvez as análises de contaminantes realizados não tenham sido suficientes para demonstrar as diferenças de contaminação das populações entre as localidades. Diferentemente do esperado, a espécie generalista parece ser mais afetada pela contaminação, mostrando a importância de considerar a ecologia das espécies nesse tipo de estudo.The contamination generated by industries in the municipality of Cubatão, in the coast of São Paulo state, has been causing damages to the structure of the surrounding Atlantic forest along the last decades. The Atlantic forest houses a high amphibian diversity and these animals may be good environmental indicators. The aim of this study was to detect possible effects of this contamination in frogs. Our hypothesis is that there is a gradient of contamination as the distance of the populations studied varied in relation to the source of pollution. Populations of Cycloramphus dubius (habitat specialist) and Rhinella ornate (habitat generalist) were sampled, in the regions, Mogi, Quilombo, and Itatinga, located at increasing distances from Cubatão. Each individual captured was submitted to measurements such as body mass and length, further used to calculate the body index (estimate of specimen body condition), besides measurements of the relative mass of organs and parasite load in lungs and intestine. These variables were compared among populations from different sampled areas. Specimen tissues and soil samples were tested for contaminant presence. At Mogi, the closest location from Cubatão, individuals of C. dubius and R. ornate presented larger liver and fat body mass for the same body index. In C. dubius, the Quilombo population, the intermediate location for pollution, presented smaller liver and fat body mass and larger loads of lung parasites. For R. ornate, the Mogi population presented larger liver, kidney and fat body mass, as well as larger spleen mass for the same parasite load. The locality where tissue and soil contamination was greater changed with contaminant type. This work presented conflicting results so that the hypothesized relationship between putative effects of contamination and distance from industries was not clear. Perhaps the constant water flow in the habitat of C. dubius does not allow pollutants to accumulate, and the differences found at Quilombo could be related to others factors of the species ecology. For R. ornate, perhaps differences found at Mogi reflect contamination from local sources. Finally, perhaps the contaminant analyses performed were not sufficient to demonstrate contamination differences among localities. Differently from expected, the generalist species seems to be more affected by contamination, showing the importance of considering species ecology in this kind of study.
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Álvares, Guilherme Fajardo Roldão. "Sinais acústicos e visuais em Pithecopus azureus (Amphibia, Phyllomedusidae)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/31109.
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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, 2017.Submitted by Gabriela Lima (gabrieladaduch@gmail.com) on 2017-11-29T14:42:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_GuilhermeFajardoRoldãoAlvares.pdf: 1760227 bytes, checksum: 84813dcc50fa13352a4c54a88cd2a1eb (MD5)
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A teoria de seleção sexual surgiu para explicar as características sexuais secundárias dimórficas encontradas em muitos grupos animais. O dicromatismo sexual é uma forma de dimorfismo sexual, onde machos e fêmeas diferem em cor, ou em padrões de manchas no corpo. O dicromatismo sexual em anfíbios ocorre em pouco mais de 6% das espécies conhecidas, um valor que pode estar subestimado e ocorrer em diferentes grupos e com muito mais frequência do que se conhece. Pithecopus azureus é um anuro neotropical pertencente à Família Phyllomedusidae, conhecido por possuir cores vistosas como coloração dorsal verde e flancos conspícuos com coloração vermelho-alaranjado geralmente atribuído a aposematismo. No presente estudo descrevo a variação existente no espectro de reflectância do dorso e flanco, no padrão de manchas conspícuas no flanco e testo a hipótese de dicromatismo sexual na espécie. Os resultados mostram a reflectância do espectro não visível do ultravioleta e a existência de dicromatismo sexual no padrão de manchas dos flancos. Discuto as possíveis funções da coloração e o papel da seleção sexual na manutenção da variação do sinal e do dicromatismo sexual na espécie.
The theory of sexual selection originated to explain secondary sexual characteristics found in many animal taxa. Sexual dichromatism is a type of sexual dimorphism in which males and females differ in colors, or color patterns. In anurans, sexual dichromatism seems to occur in less than 6% of all known species; however, this number may be greatly underestimated and dichromatism could occur in many different species groups. Pithecopus azureus is a neotropical tree frog that belongs to the Family Phyllomedusidae, known for its bright green dorsal coloration, conspicuous reddish coloration on the flanks, both attributed to aposematism. In the present study, I describe in detail the variation of spectral color reflectance of flanks and back using a spectrophotometer and also describe color pattern variation on the flanks. I also test the hypothesis of sexual dichromatism in P. azureus. Results show reflectance of the non-visible spectrum of ultraviolet on the back and the first record of sexual dichromatism in the Family Phyllomedusidae. I discuss the possible functions of color in the species and suggest that sexual selection could be the main selective pressure responsible for the maintenance of signal variation and sexual dichromatism in the species.
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Tufts, Bruce Laurie. "Ion exchange mechanisms for the control of volume and pH in fish and amphibian erythrocytes." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29443.
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The characteristics of the ion exchange mechanisms which regulate volume and pH in fish and amphibian erythrocytes were investigated and compared. Experiments were carried out under steady state conditions and also following adrenergic stimulation both in vivo and in vitro.
Under steady state conditions, a decrease in extracellular pH caused an increase in the volume of rainbow trout erythrocytes, and a decrease in the intracellular pH. These pH-induced volume changes were mainly associated with movements of chloride across the chloride/bicarbonate exchange pathway. The sodium/proton exchange mechanism is quiescent at all pH's studied under steady state conditions.
Beta adrenergic stimulation of rainbow trout erythrocytes promoted cell swelling and proton extrusion from the erythrocytes. Amiloride inhibited both the volume and pH changes associated with adrenergic stimulation indicating that this response is associated with an increase in the activity of the sodium/proton exchange mechanism on the erythrocyte membrane. The adrenergic swelling and pH responses are enhanced by a decrease in extracellular pH. An increase in bicarbonate concentration reduces the adrenergic pH response, but it is still significant even at 10 mM bicarbonate. DIDS markedly enhanced the beta adrenergic effect on the erythrocyte pH, but abolished the increase in erythrocyte volume. The adrenergic response was independent of temperature between 10 and 18°C. These results support a loosely coupled sodium/proton and chloride/bicarbonate exchange model for the adrenergic response in rainbow trout erythrocytes.
The increases in erythrocyte pH and volume following adrenergic stimulation are associated with increases in the haemoglobin:oxygen affinity. The oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is, therefore, increased following adrenergic stimulation in rainbow trout. Carbon dioxide excretion, however, was not significantly affected by adrenergic stimulation. The functional significance of the adrenergic response of fish erythrocytes may be to offset the effects of the Root shift on the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood during acute changes in extracellular pH.
In contrast to fish erythrocytes, the sodium/proton exchange mechanism in amphibian erythrocytes is active under steady state conditions. In the presence of bicarbonate movements, this exchange significantly affects the erythrocyte volume, but not the erythrocyte pH. Similar to fish erythrocytes, protons are passively distributed in amphibian erythrocytes under steady state conditions and in Donnan equilibrium with chloride ions. The erythrocyte volume also increases with decreases in extracellular pH as in fish erythrocytes, due to changes in the chloride distribution across the erythrocyte membrane.
Adrenergic stimulation does not affect the volume or pH of amphibian erythrocytes either in vivo or in vitro. These animals, therefore, do not appear to regulate erythrocyte pH adrenergically. Amphibians are able to efficiently utilize oxygen stores via both central and peripheral shunting. In addition, the blood of these animals does not have a Root shift. Adrenergic regulation of erythrocyte pH in order to enhance oxygen transport during fluctuations in ambient and internal gas tensions, therefore, is probably less important than it would be in fish.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
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Cuéllar, Ferrada Andrea. "Direccionalidad de respuestas neuronales mesencefálicas en Eupsopbus calcaratus. (Amphibia-leptodactylidae)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/131450.
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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico VeterinarioLos anuros utilizan señales acústicas extensamente; la localización de la fuente sonora permite a las hembras acercarse a los machos y también facilitaría a los machos responder a rivales. Sin embargo, en experimentos de campo, los machos de Eupsophus calcaratus responden indistintamente a estímulos provenientes de diferentes localizaciones. En esta memoria se estudió la direccionalidad de las respuestas de neuronas auditivas mesencefálicas y se comparó la actividad neural con la ausencia de direccionalidad conductual observada en el campo. Se registraron las respuestas de 61 neuronas auditivas mesencefálicas en 17 individuos (9 machos y 8 hembras) a estímulos provenientes de 7 ángulos en el plano horizontal, desde la posición 90° contralateral hasta 90° ipsilateral, respecto al hemisferio de registro, en intervalos de 30°. Las propiedades generales de respuesta de las neuronas mostraron que un 80,3 % respondieron con frecuencias características bajas, con un promedio de 200 Hz y un rango entre 100 y 400 Hz, y sólo un 19,7 % presentaron frecuencias características altas, con un promedio de 1400 Hz y un rango entre 1300 y 1700 Hz. Según el tipo de descarga en respuesta a los tonos puros, las neuronas registradas mostraron dos patrones temporales. Un grupo correspondió a neuronas tónicas, que respondían durante toda la presentación del estímulo (n=49; 80,3%). El otro grupo correspondió a neuronas fásicas, que descargaban con una o unas pocas espigas, generalmente al comienzo del estímulo (n=12; 19,7%). No hubo diferencias significativas en la direccionalidad de respuestas entre machos y hembras, por lo que los datos para ambos sexos fueron analizados en conjunto. Al presentar una llamada de advertencia sintetizada de la especie, consistente en un tono puro, 52,5 % de las neuronas respondió con más descargas a posiciones contralaterales, 36,1 % respondió con más descargas a posiciones laterales en ambos lados que a la posición frontal, y solo un 4,9 % respondió de manera no direccional. En respuesta a la llamada agresiva sintetizada, consistente en un estímulo pulsado, sólo 36,0 % de las neuronas 5 respondió preferencialmente a la posición contralateral, 32,0 % respondió con más descargas a ambas posiciones laterales en relación a la posición frontal y ninguna neurona respondió en forma no direccional. En respuesta a estímulos con igual estructura temporal al tono y al estímulo pulsado, pero sintetizados con ruido pasabanda en lugar de tonos, las neuronas respondieron en forma contralateral en una proporción similar al tono, pero la proporción de neuronas que respondieron preferencialmente a ambas posiciones laterales fueron alrededor de la mitad que en respuesta a los estímulos tonales y también la proporción de neuronas no direccionales fue baja, no sobrepasando un 10,0 % de la población registrada. La direccionalidad de las respuestas neuronales obtenidas en laboratorio, contrasta con la ausencia de direccionalidad en las respuestas conductuales observadas en el campo. Estos resultados indican que los machos de E. calcaratus están dotados de una capacidad auditiva que les permite localizar a potenciales rivales, pero responden similarmente a cantos provenientes de distintas posiciones, manteniendo una actividad vocal que facilitaría la atracción de hembras. Estas también poseen neuronas con respuestas direccionales que les facilitarían la localización de machos en las áreas reproductivas.
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Presswell, Bronwen. "Morphological and molecular systematic studies of Asian caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270995.
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Bravo, Roznowski José. "Direccionalidad de respuestas neuronales mesencefálicas en Pleurodema thaul (Amphibia- leptodactylidae)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/133982.
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Memoria para optar al Titulo Profesional de Médico VeterinarioLos anfibios anuros utilizan extensamente las señales acústicas, siendo capaces de detectarlas, reconocerlas y localizarlas. La capacidad de localizar la fuente sonora permite a las hembras acercarse a los machos y aparearse. Además facilitaría a los machos responder a rivales. Sin embargo, en experimentos de campo, los machos de Pleurodema thaul responden indistintamente a estímulos provenientes de diferentes localizaciones. Exploramos la direccionalidad de las respuestas de neuronas auditivas mesencefálicas, para comparar la actividad neural con la ausencia de respuestas conductuales direccionales observada. Se registraron las respuestas de 62 neuronas auditivas mesencefálicas en 15 machos a estímulos provenientes de 7 ángulos en el plano horizontal, desde la posición 90° contralateral hasta 90° ipsilateral, respecto al hemisferio de registro, en intervalos de 30°. Un 45 % de las neuronas respondió direccionalmente a un estímulo de canto sintético con más descargas a la posición contralateral y 17 % respondió de manera no direccional. En respuesta a tonos puros, sólo 27 % de las neuronas respondió preferencialmente a la posición contralateral y un 41% en forma no direccional. La direccionalidad de las respuestas neuronales contrasta con la ausencia de direccionalidad en las respuestas conductuales. Estos resultados indican que los machos de P. thaul podrían localizar a potenciales rivales, pero responden similarmente a cantos provenientes de distintas posiciones, manteniendo una actividad vocal que facilitaría la atracción de hembras
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Souza, Camila Camargo de. "An?lise filogen?tica de Gymnophiona M?ller, 1832 (Amphibia)." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7723.
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Gymnophiona M?ller, 1832?with 206 currently recognized species?is the least studied order within Amphibia. The phylogenetic relationships among its members have been historically unstable, with frequent taxonomic changes at the family level due to the recurrent presence of paraphyletic taxa. However, an increase of studies based on morphological and molecular data has built a scaffold of information about the evolutionary relationships among caecilians; even though, a phylogenetic classification of the order has remained a challenge. In 2011 a new taxonomy of Gymnophiona was proposed, where genera were arranged in nine families supposedly monophyletic. This taxonomy was not based on a phylogenetic analysis but on a consensus of the understanding of the evolutionary relationships of the group as inferred by previous studies. However, important conflicts exits among the results and type of analyses performed on these studies. Furthermore, only one study has included the known fossil taxon of Gymnophiona, which despite being fragmented is a valid source of evidence. Due to several and continuous efforts to generate data on caecilians, there is a wealth of hereditary characters available for phylogenetic studies. Thus, it has become crucial to perform a combined analysis of all these data (complete mitochondrial genomes, nuclear DNA sequences, phenotypic characters of extant and fossil taxa) to obtain a phylogenetic hypothesis that maximizes explanatory power. The objective of this study is to infer the evolutionary relationships of Gymnophiona based on a total evidence analysis using parsimony and dynamic homology to evaluate the current taxonomy of the group. Additionally, we also evaluate the effect of different types of alignment (tree versus similarity approaches), the influence of phenotypic characters on a dataset dominated by molecular characters, and the effect of coding indels as missing data. We compiled previously published phenotypic characters, DNA sequences available from GenBank of 47 nuclear and mitochondrial genes of all available taxa, and produced 42 new sequences. When comparing the results obtained from the tree-alignment analysis in POY with those of the similarity alignment in TNT, both recover Rhinatrematidae as sister of Ichthyophiidae + Teresomata. Within Rhinatrematidae, Epicrionops is paraphyletic in all analyses and the relationships within Ichthyophis are unsolved (a polytomy in the strict consensus). POY does not recovered Scolecomorphidae as the sister taxon of all other Teresomata but Typhlonectidae + Caeciliidae. Caecilia is paraphyletic with respect to Oscaecilia and Typhlonectes in relationship to Potamotyphlus. Scolecomorphidae is sister of Herpelidae + Chikilidae. The results of TNT recover a paraphyletic Herpelidae, with Herpele squalostoma sister of Chikilidae. Also, Siphonopidae is non-monophyletic. Indotyphlidae is non-monophyletic in both analyses and Idiocranium is consistently recovered as sister taxon of Dermophiidae. Dermophis is recovered as paraphyletic in the POY analysis, while both Dermophis and Gymnopis are paraphyletic in the TNT analysis. The strict consensus of the molecular dataset is highly congruous with that of the total evidence dataset; however, the former is better resolved (less polytomies), mainly within Indotyphlidae. The analysis of the phenotypic data alone resulted in a complete polytomy, illustrating the need of more research in this avenue. Coding indels as missing data did not cause important topological changes. The main conclusions derived from this study are: (i) the type of alignment of DNA sequences have an evident impact on the phylogenetic hypotheses of Gymnophiona; (ii) the apparent resolution on the evolutionary relationships of the extant supraspecific taxa of Gymnophiona and their monophyly presented in other studies are dependent on the exclusion of relevant evidence?taxa and characters?or the partial presentation of the optimal hypotheses; (iii) only a total evidence analysis allowed us to discover some of the potential cases of paraphyly or misidentification of vouchers; (iv) the phenotypic data currently used in the study of the evolutionary relationships of Gymnophiona contain important levels of non-congruent information and are not sufficient to place the fossil Eocaecilia micropodia within caecilians. This study reveals the need of detailed revision of the taxonomy and phylogeny of Gymnophiona.
Gymnophiona M?ller, 1832 ? a ordem menos estudada dentro de Amphibia, com 206 esp?cies conhecidas. As rela??es filogen?ticas do grupo permaneceram inst?veis por muito tempo, sofrendo com mudan?as no n?mero de fam?lias, devido ? constante presen?a de t?xons parafil?ticos. Uma crescente de estudos com produ??o de evid?ncias moleculares e morfol?gicas tem formado um arcabou?o de informa??es sobre as rela??es evolutivas do grupo. Mesmo assim, uma classifica??o filogen?tica de toda a ordem n?o representava uma tarefa f?cil. Em 2011, foi proposta uma classifica??o ao n?vel de fam?lia, onde os g?neros foram distribu?dos em nove fam?lias supostamente monofil?ticas. Essa proposta n?o foi baseada em uma an?lise filogen?tica, mas sim em um consenso do entendimento das rela??es filogen?ticas inferidas em estudos pr?vios, sendo muitos deles discordantes, tanto em tipos de an?lises, quanto em resultados. Apenas um estudo incluiu um t?xon f?ssil, que apesar de ser pouco representativo em quantidade, representa uma fonte v?lida de evid?ncia. Devido ao grande esfor?o para gerar dados e obter informa??es acerca dos Gymnophiona, existem in?meros caracteres heredit?rios dispon?veis. Dessa forma, percebe-se uma import?ncia em unir todos esses dados (genomas mitocondriais completos, sequ?ncias de genes nucleares, caracteres fenot?picos dos t?xons viventes e f?ssil) para compor uma nova proposta filogen?tica com o maior poder explicativo. Assim, o objetivo principal deste estudo foi inferir as rela??es evolutivas da ordem Gymnophiona em um contexto de evid?ncia total, sob an?lises de parcim?nia e homologia din?mica e avaliar a taxonomia atual de Gymnophiona com base na(s) ?rvore(s) mais parcimoniosa(s). Adicionalmente, avaliar o efeito de diferentes tipos de alinhamento, a influ?ncia de caracteres fenot?picos em um dataset dominado por dados gen?ticos e o efeito de codificar os indels como dados faltantes. Para isso foram compilados caracteres morfol?gicos de estudos pr?vios, sequ?ncias dispon?veis no GenBank, referentes a 47 genes (nucleares e mitocondriais) de todas as esp?cies dispon?veis, al?m da produ??o de 42 novas sequ?ncias. Comparando os resultados gerados a partir do alinhamento por ?rvore (POY) e do alinhamento por similaridade (TNT) encontramos Rhinatrematidae como grupo-irm?o de Ichthyophiidae + Teresomata. Dentro de Rhinatrematidae, Epicrionops foi recuperado parafil?tico em todas as an?lises e as rela??es dentro de Ichthyophiidae s?o uma politomia. A an?lise do POY n?o recupera Scolecomorphidae como t?xon-irm?o dos demais Teresomata, e sim Typhlonectidae + Caeciliidae. Caecilia ? parafil?tica a Oscaecilia, assim como Typhlonectes com rela??o a Potamotyphlus. Na an?lise via TNT, Herpelidae foi recuperada parafil?tica, com Herpele squalostoma agrupado com Chikilidae. Na an?lise do TNT, Siphonopidae n?o foi recuperada monofil?tica. A fam?lia Indotyphlidae foi n?o-monofil?tica em ambas as an?lises e Idiocranium foi recuperado como o t?xon-irm?o de Dermophiidae. Dermophis surge parafil?tico na an?lise do POY, enquanto que pelo TNT tanto Dermophis quanto Gymnopis surgen parafil?ticos. A topologia da ?rvore constru?da apenas com sequ?ncias de DNA, mostrou-se altamente semelhante ao consenso gerado pelo TNT, embora com alguns poucos clados melhor resolvidos, principalmente em Indotyphlidae. J? a an?lise unicamente morfol?gica restringiu-se a uma politomia total, o que pode ser justificado pela falta de caracteres morfol?gicos ?teis, e que tamb?m pode ser um reflexo da falta de conhecimento acerca deste tipo de evid?ncia. Quanto ? codifica??o de indels como quinto estado ou como dados faltantes, n?o foi observada vantagem sobre nenhum dos testes em rela??o ? topologia do consenso estrito. As principais conclus?es derivadas dos resultados obtidos s?o: (i) o tipo de alinhamento das sequ?ncias de DNA tem um impacto evidente nas hip?teses filogen?ticas; (ii) a aparente resolu??o da hist?ria evolutiva dos atuais t?xons supraespec?ficos de Gymnophiona e sua monofilia, apresentada em outros estudos, dependem da exclus?o de evid?ncia relevante das an?lises ou da apresenta??o parcial das hip?teses ?timas; (iii) s? a an?lise de evid?ncia total permitiu descobrir casos potenciais de parafilia ou identifica??o errada de terminais; (iv) os dados fenot?picos atualmente usados no estudo das rela??es evolutivas de Gymnophiona t?m altos n?veis de informa??o n?o congruente e n?o s?o suficentes para a inclus?o do t?xon f?ssil Eocaecilia micropodia dentro de Gymnophiona. O presente estudo revela a necessidade de uma revis?o detalhada da taxonomia e filogen?tica de Gymnophiona.
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ESTUPIÑÁN-TRISTANCHO, Ruth Amanda. "Variação geográfica de Osteocephalus taurinus Steindachner, 1862 (Amphibia : Anura : Hylidae)." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2001. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/4159.
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Osteocephalus taurinus é uma espécie nominal de ampla distribuição na Amazônia e nos llanos do Orinoco. Sua grande variação morfológica indica que se trata de um complexo de espécies. O presente estudo examina a variação geográfica de vários caracteres morfológicos e morfométricos da espécie nominal, avalia a hipótese de tratar-se de fato um complexo de espécies; e testa a teoria da atual distribuição das formas, através de padrões biogeográficos, ecológicos e de regímen de precipitação já definidos. A partir de 431 espécimes estudados foram selecionadas 16 populações, nas quais foram analisados 20 caracteres anatômicos internos, 14 caracteres morfométricos e seis caracteres morfológicos externos. Através de análises estatística e mapas de isolinhas evidenciou-se que O. taurinus não se trata de um complexo de espécies e sim possui uma grande variação intra e interpopulacional das caraterísticas morfométricas e morfológicas. Simultaneamente, foram observados caracteres anatômicos internos polimórficos. O primeiro componente obtido através de uma análise de componentes principais mostra uma variação clinal do tamanho corporal ao longo da distribuição geográfica total, mais evidente nos machos. Em outros caracteres analisados, a variação fico independente do cline. O padrão espacial do tamanho indicou que as formas maiores ocorrem nas terras baixas da Amazônia, onde a vegetação de floresta ombrofila divide as áreas de cerrado ao norte e ao sul do continente sul americano. Nestas últimas áreas, ocorrem com maior intensidade as formas menores. Esta distribuição espacial não se explicou através das divisões propostas por outros autores para Amazônia, o que pode ser devido a um mascaramento gerado pela grande variação intrapopulacional. O modelo espacial do tamanho corporal de O. taurinus não corresponde a um padrão de isolamento por distância, o que pode sugerir que a colonização da espécie em algumas áreas seja recente. Este estudo confirma a hipótese da origem do gênero no início do Plioceno, o que indica que O. taurinus teria tido tempo suficiente para se dispersar antes do surgimento dos Andes como barreira geográfica.
Osteocephalus taurinus is an Amazonian and Orinochian nominal species with a wide geographic distribution. Its great morphologic variation has suggested that O. taurinus is in fact a species complex. This study examines the geographic variation of morphometric and morphologic characters. The species complex hypothesis is tested. Simultaneously, in order to explain the present body form distribution by biogeographic, rainfall and ecological patterns previously established for Amazonia, these patterns were assessed. From total 431 specimens studied, 16 populations were selected for analysis 20 of inner anatomic structures, 14 morphometric and 6 morphologic external characteres. Statistical analyses and isoline maps indicated that O. taurinus not is a especies complex and exist a interpopulation and intrapopulation variation on the morphometry and morphology of O. taurinus. Polymorphic anatomical characters ocurrs in this species. The first axis of a principal component analysis showed a clinal variation of body size along the entire geographic distribution was most plainly evident in males. Clinal variaton in other characters studied was independent of cline. Spatial size distribution indicated the largest specimens occur in the Amazon lands low, where rainforest vegetation divides savanna areas to the north and south of South America. These two last areas more often presented the smaller forms. In this study, the distribution observed for O. taurinus was not explained by traditional divisions of Amazonia, and suggest some noise generated by high intrapopulational variation. This spatial model of O. taurhius body size did not show a pattern of isolation by distance, which may suggest a recent arca colonization by this species. Simultaneusly, the study confirms the early Pliocenic origin hypothesis for Osteocephalus, which allowed O. taurinus had time to disperse before the Andes emerged as a geographical barrier.
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Scheltinga, David Michael. "Ultrastructure of spermatozoa of the amphibia : phylogenetic and taxonomic implications /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16839.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Amphibia"
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Max, King, ed. Animal cytogenetics.: Amphibia. Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger, 1990.
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International, Symposium on Biology and Physiology of Amphibians (1st 1988 Karlsruhe Germany). Symposium, Biology and Physiology of Amphibians: Karlsruhe, Aug. 31-Sept. 3. [Karlsruher, Germany: s.n., 1988.
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International, Symposium on Biology and Physiology of Amphibians (1st 1988 Karlsruhe Germany). Biology and physiology of amphibians: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Biology and Physiology of Amphibians, held at Karlsruhe, Federal Republic of Germany, August 31-September 3, 1988. Stuttgart: G. Fischer, 1990.
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Scoccianti, Carlo. Amphibia, aspetti di ecologia della conservazione: Amphibia, aspects of conservation ecology. Firenze: Guido Persichino grafica, 2001.
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Писанец, Евгений Максимович. Хвостатые земноводные: Хвостатi земноводнi = The tailed amphibians : (Amphibia: Caudata) : каталог коллекций. Киев: Зоологический музей ННПМ НАН Украины, 2003.
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Sŏ-yŏng, Yang, ed. Hanʼguk ŭi yangsŏryu: Monograph of Korean amphibia. Sŏul Tʻŭkpyŏlsi: Akʻademi Sŏjŏk, 2001.
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Pillai, R. S. Gymnophiona (Amphibia) of India: A taxonomic study. 2nd ed. Kolkata: Zoological Survey of India, 2005.
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Pillai, R. S. Gymnophiona (Amphibia) of India: A taxonomic study. Calcutta: Zoological Survey of India, 1999.
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Indonesia. Direktorat Perlindungan dan Pengawetan Alam., ed. Pedoman pengelolaan satwa langka: Mammalia, reptilia, dan amphibia. Bogor: Direktorat Jenderal Kehutanan, Direktorat Perlindungan dan Pengawetan Alam, 1989.
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Maxson, Linda R. Molecular systematics of the frog genus Leptodactylus (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae). Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Amphibia"
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Habermehl, Gerhard G. "Amphibia (Amphibien)." In Gift-Tiere und ihre Waffen, 125–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57925-7_6.
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Habermehl, Gerhard G. "Amphibia (Amphibien)." In Gift-Tiere und ihre Waffen, 108–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07493-0_7.
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Mossman, Harland W. "Amphibia." In Vertebrate Fetal Membranes, 22–26. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09065-5_3.
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Clauss, Wolfgang, and Cornelia Clauss. "Amphibia." In Taschenatlas Zoologie, 310–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61593-5_41.
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Clauss, Wolfgang, and Cornelia Clauss. "Amphibia." In Taschenatlas Zoologie, 310–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61593-5_41.
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Pinheiro, Sérgio Rangel. "Class Amphibia (Amphibians): Frogs, Toads." In Biology, Medicine, and Surgery of South American Wild Animals, 1–8. Ames, Iowa, USA: Iowa State University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470376980.ch1.
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Ax, Peter. "Amphibia — Amniota." In Multicellular Animals, 223–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08874-6_32.
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Streble, Heinz, and Annegret Bäuerle. "Lurche – Amphibia." In Histologie der Tiere, 153–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53160-0_26.
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Storch, Volker, and Ulrich Welsch. "Amphibia, Lurche." In Kükenthal Zoologisches Praktikum, 372–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41937-9_13.
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Bentley, Peter J. "The Amphibia." In Zoophysiology, 155–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05014-9_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Amphibia"
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Gherasim, Elena, Dumitru Erhan, Stefan Rusu, Maria Zamornea, and Nina Talambuta. "Specificitatea organică a trematodelor la amfibieni (Amphibia:Ranidae)." In International Symposium "Actual problems of zoology and parasitology: achievements and prospects". Institute of Zoology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975665902.27.
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The paper presents data on amphibians’ trematodes infestation from Pelophylax esculenta complex (Amphibia, Anura) in divers ecosystems of north, center and south zone of the Republic of Moldova.. The helminthological researches of amphibians were accomplished during the years 2013-2017. As result, the infestation of green ranida complex (Rana ridibunda, R. lessonae, R. esculenta) with 10 trematodes species was established. For each species there were established the location in organs. There are also mentioned the amount of collected material.
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Adrović, Avdul, Edina Hajdarević, Alen Bajrić, and Ernad Kucalović. "BIODIVERZITET VODOZEMACA (KLASA: AMPHIBIA) SJEVEROISTOČNE BOSNE." In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.333a.
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The inventory of amphibians was conducted during 2020 and 2021 in the area of northeastern Bosnia. The conducted research determined 11 species of amphibians, of which three species belong to the tailed amphibians and the other eight to the tailless amphibians. Based on IUCN data, it can be concluded that these are the species with the least concern (LC) status. However, it is evident that the number of natural habitats of amphibians in the investigated area has been significantly reduced, and constant monitoring of the condition of their populations is necessary.
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Cozari, Tudor, and Elena Gherasim. "Complexul ranidelor verzi – model de formare a unor specii de amfibieni pe cale hibridogena." In Impactul antropic asupra calitatii mediului. Institute of Ecology and Geography, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53380/9789975330800.18.
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This article reflects a theoretical - synthetic analysis with systematic, morphological and ecological aspects of frogs (Amphibia: Ranadae): Rana ridibunda Pallas, 1771, Rana lessonae Camerano, 1882 and Rana kl. Esculenta Linnaeus 1785, as well as the representation of a training model for the formation of new hybridized amphibian species. These mentioned species form a complex of frogs (Rana kl.esculenta complex), consisting of the parent species Rana lessonae Cam. and Rana ridibunda Pal. and species resulting from the hybridization process - Rana kl. esculenta L. The hybrid R. kl. esculenta, presents not only a result of the parental species, but its existence is also ensured, by the subsequent hybridization with one of the parental species.
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Gherasim, Elena. "Ranidele verzi (Amphibia: Ranidae), bio-indicatori ai ecosistemelor acvatice." In International Symposium "Actual problems of zoology and parasitology: achievements and prospects". Institute of Zoology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975665902.26.
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Nakauchi, Kiyohide, Kentaro Ishizu, Homare Murakami, Akihiro Nakao, and Hiroshi Harada. "AMPHIBIA: A Cognitive Virtualization Platform for End-to-End Slicing." In ICC 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2011.5962961.
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Hurey, David R., Scott C. McKenzie, Andrew J. Wendruff, and John Spina. "A SURVEY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN AMPHIBIA OF THE LINTON, OHIO LAGERSTATTE." In Joint 52nd Northeastern Annual Section and 51st North-Central Annual GSA Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017ne-290564.
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Rocha, Roberto Meira Pires, and Maria Lúcia Del-Grande. "BIOLOGIA REPRODUTIVA DE PHYLLOMEDUSA BAHIANA A. LUTZ, 1925 (PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE, ANURA, AMPHIBIA)." In I Congresso Nacional On-line de Conservação e Educação Ambiental. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/1687.
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Introdução: Phyllomedusa bahiana é uma espécie de anuro (Amphibia) com distribuição restrita ao estado da Bahia. Como os demais representantes da família Phyllomedusidae, a espécie é popularmente conhecida como perereca-macaco e tanto seu status de conservação como sua biologia reprodutiva continuam escassos de informações, dificultando estratégias de conservação. Objetivos: O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral descrever o comportamento reprodutivo de Phyllomedusa bahiana por meio dos seguintes objetivos específicos: classificar o padrão de reprodução; descrever os sítios de canto; verificar dimorfismo sexual em tamanho e caracterizar comportamentos reprodutivos. Material e métodos: A área de estudo foi um corpo d’água semipermanente do município de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. A região é marcada pela transição Floresta Estacional Semidecídua (Mata Atlântica) – Caatinga. Para descrição do comportamento reprodutivo foi utilizado o método Animal-focal. Além de caracterização ambiental da área, mensurou-se altura e distância da margem dos poleiros utilizados e comprimento rostro-cloacal (CRC) dos indivíduos. Resultados: Foi observado atividade de vocalização da espécie durante os seis meses de estudo, apresentando, portanto, um padrão reprodutivo prolongado. A ocupação de sítio de canto da espécie foi exclusivamente galhos de arbustos com altura média ocupada de 0,98 metros. 85,7% dos indivíduos vocalizaram em arbustos acima do corpo d’água. Foi observado fêmeas se locomovendo lentamente sobre os galhos com o macho sobre o dorso em um amplexo do tipo axilar. A fêmea é perceptivelmente maior e obteve um CRC médio de 86mm, enquanto o CRC médio do macho foi de 64mm. Conclusão: Os aspectos reprodutivos de P. bahiana se assemelham aos de outras espécies de mesmo gênero (e.g. P. burmeisteri), entretanto, sua faixa de distribuição difere. Portanto, trabalhos que investiguem aspectos ambientais e climáticos que atuam sobre a biologia da espécie podem contribuir para o maior conhecimento de sua História Natural.
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Gherasim, Elena, Dumitru Erhan, Stefan Rusu, Ion Gologan, Liubovi Lebedenco, Anastasia Ivanova, Andrei Cebotari, and Dmitri Vatavu. "Diversitatea faunei helmintice a speciei Pelophylax Ridibundus (Amphibia, Ranidae) în funcție de factorii sezonieri." In International symposium ”Functional ecology of animals” dedicated to the 70th anniversary from the birth of academician Ion Toderas. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975315975.41.
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Erhan, Dumitru, and Elena Gherasim. "Parametrii morfometrici ai speciei Acanthocephalus Ranae Schrank, 1788 (Acanthocephala) depistată la specimenele complexului Pelophylax Esculenta (Amphibia)." In International symposium ”Functional ecology of animals” dedicated to the 70th anniversary from the birth of academician Ion Toderas. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975315975.39.
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The article describes the results of the parasitological investigations of Pelophylax esculenta complex (Amphibia). A total number of 360 individuals have been subjects of parasitological study. A new species of Acanthocephala for the Republic of Moldova have been identified - Acanthocephalus ranae. In the paper there are presented the results regarding the infestation of complex Pelophylax esculenta by the acanthocephala species from Echinorhynchidae. For each species there were established: taxonomic status, including the hosts, the location in organs, the geographic spreading, etiology and biologic cycle. There are also mentioned the amount of collected material, the morphologic description of the species, original figures and pictures.
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Ulyakhin, Anton V. "LITHOFACIES OF A BONE DEPOSITS WITH PLATYOPOSAURUS (AMPHIBIA, TEMNOSPONDYLI) FAUNA OF THE MIDDLE PERMIAN OF EASTERN EUROPE." In Treshnikov readings – 2022 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-88-4-2022-285-286.
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The article discusses the lithofacies сharacteristics based upon the macro- and microlithological description of the bone deposits of the localities of Eastern Europe with temnospondyl amphibians of the genus Platyoposaurus. Conclusions are drawn about the types of paleobiotopes for representatives of the genus under consideration.
Reports on the topic "Amphibia"
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Брошко, Євгеній Олегович. Variability of Structural and Biomechanical Prameters of Pelophylax esculentus (Amphibia, Anura) Limb Bones. Vestnik zoologii, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1529.
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Structural and biomechanical parameters of Edible Frog, Pelophylax esculentus (Linnaeus, 1758), limb bones, namely, mass, linear dimensions, parameters of the shaft ’s cross-sectional shape (cross-sectional area, moments of inertia, radiuses of inertia) were investigated. Some coeffi cients were also estimated: diameters ratio (df/ds), cross-sectional index (ik), principal moments of inertia ratio (Imax/Imin). Coeffi cients of variation of linear dimensions (11.9–20.0 %) and relative bone mass (22–35 %) were established. Moments of inertia of various bones are more variable (CV = 41.67–56.35 %) in relation to radii of inertia (CV = 9.68–14.67 %). Shaft ’s cross-sectional shape is invariable in all cases. However, there is high individual variability of structural and biomechanical parameters of P. esculentus limb bones. Variability of parameters was limited by the certain range.We suggest the presence of stable norm in bone structure. Stylopodium bones have the primary biomechanical function among the elements of limb skeleton, because their parameters most clearly responsiveto changes in body mass.
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Chestnut, Tara. Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Amphibian Chytrid Fungus Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis Occupancy in Amphibian Habitats. Portland State University, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.13.
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Gillespie, T. C., S. M. Lesher, P. D. Miner, and B. P. Cyr. Composite Warfare and The Amphibians. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada272337.
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Bozek, Michael, and Tani Hubbard. Greater Yellowstone Network amphibian monitoring protocol science review: A summary of reviewers’ responses. National Park Service, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293614.
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Science reviews are an essential cornerstone of all excellent science programs and are a requirement of monitoring programs within the Inventory and Monitoring Division of the National Park Service (NPS). Science reviews provide necessary professional critique of objectives, study design, data collection, analysis, scientific interpretation, and how effectively information is transferred to target audiences. Additionally, reviews can help identify opportunities to cooperate more effectively with interested and vested partners to expand the impacts of collective findings across larger landscapes. In December 2020, seven biologists from USGS, USFWS, and NPS provided a critical review of the Greater Yellowstone Network Amphibian Monitoring Protocol for monitoring Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris), boreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata), western toads (Anaxyrus boreas), western tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium), and environmental conditions at wetland sites clustered within watershed units in Yellowstone and Grand Teton national parks. This review followed sixteen years of GRYN amphibian and wetland monitoring, allowing us to evaluate the impact of the work thus far and to discuss potential improvements to the protocol. Reviewers were asked to assess the following amphibian monitoring objectives per Bennetts et al. (2013, Cooperative amphibian monitoring protocol for the Greater Yellowstone Network: Narrative, version 1.0, https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2194571) and to assess the degree to which GRYN is meeting the objectives based on the current sampling, analyses, and reporting: Objective 1: Estimate the proportion of catchments and wetland sites used for breeding by each of the four common, native amphibian species annually, and estimate the rate at which their use is changing over time. Objective 2: Determine the total number of wetlands within sampled catchments that are suitable for amphibian breeding (i.e., have standing water during the breeding season) annually. Objective 3: For western toads, estimate the proportion of previously identified breeding areas that are used annually, and estimate the rate at which their use may be changing over time. Generally, reviewers commended the GRYN Amphibian Monitoring Program, including the design, the statistical rigor of current analytical approaches, the large number of monitoring reports and publications, and the audiences reached. Reviewers unanimously felt that the first two objectives of this protocol are being met for two species (Columbia spotted frogs and boreal chorus frogs) in medium- and high-quality catchments, and all but one reviewer also felt these objectives are being met for western tiger salamanders. It was universally recognized that objective 3 for western toads is not being met but reviewers attributed this to issues related to funding and capacity rather than design flaws. Reviewers felt the current design provides an adequate base for parlaying additional work and offered suggestions focused on increasing efficiencies, maximizing information that can be collected in the field, strengthening analyses, and improving scientific outreach. In this document, we summarize reviewers' comments and include their full written reviews in Appendix B.
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Surdyk, Shelby, Carolyn Furbish, Jennifer Larsen, and Mary Hake. Amphibian surveys at Klondike Gold Rush NHP: 2019 summary. National Park Service, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2293389.
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Casper, Gary, Stefanie Nadeau, and Thomas Parr. Acoustic amphibian monitoring, 2019 data summary: Isle Royale National Park. National Park Service, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295506.
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Amphibians are a Vital Sign indicator for monitoring long-term ecosystem health in seven national park units that comprise the Great Lakes Network. We present here the results for 2019 amphibian monitoring at Isle Royale National Park (ISRO). Appendices contain tabular summaries for six years of cumulative results. The National Park Service Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network established 10 permanent acoustic amphibian monitoring sites at ISRO in 2015. Acoustic samples are collected by placing automated recorders with omnidirectional stereo microphones at each of the 10 sampling sites. Temperature loggers co-located with the recorders also collect air temperature during the sampling period. The monitoring program detected all seven species of frog and toad known to occur at ISRO in 2019, with Eastern American Toad, Green Frog and Spring Peeper occurring at almost every site sampled, and Wood Frog at six sites. Gray Treefrog, Mink Frog, and Boreal Chorus Frog were found at only one or two sites each. Northern Leopard Frog has yet to be confirmed at ISRO in this GLKN monitoring program. We expanded analyses and reporting in 2018 to address calling phenology and to provide a second metric for tracking changes in abundance (as opposed to occupancy) across years. Occupancy analyses track whether or not a site was occupied by a species. Abundance is tracked by assessing how the maximum call intensity changes on sites across years, and by how many automated detections are reported from sites across years. Using two independent survey methods, manual and automated, with large sample sizes continues to return reliable results, providing a confident record of site occupancy for most species. There were no significant data collection issues in 2019. Three units stopped collecting data early but these data gaps did not compromise sampling rigor or analysis. Since temperature logs show that the threshold of ≥40°F was often exceeded by 1 April in 2019, making 15 March a start date for data collection may be considered if park personnel feel snow and ice cover would be reduced enough by that date as well. We do recommend making sure that temperature logger solar shields in future are not hanging in such a manner as to be banging against anything in a breeze, as this contaminates the soundscape
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Casper, Gary, Stefanie Nadeau, and Thomas Parr. Acoustic amphibian monitoring, 2019 data summary: Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore. National Park Service, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295512.
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Amphibians are a Vital Sign indicator for monitoring long-term ecosystem health in seven national park units that comprise the Great Lakes Network. We present here the results for 2019 amphibian monitoring at Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore (SLBE). Appendices contain tabular summaries for six years of cumulative results. The National Park Service Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network established 10 permanent acoustic amphibian monitoring sites at SLBE in 2013. Acoustic samples are collected by placing automated recorders with omnidirectional stereo microphones at each of the 10 sampling sites. Temperature loggers co-located with the recorders also collect air temperature during the sampling period. We expanded analyses and reporting in 2018 to address calling phenology and to provide a second metric for tracking changes in abundance across years. Occupancy analyses track whether or not a site was occupied by a species. Abundance is tracked by assessing how the maximum call intensity changes on sites across years, and by how many automated detections are reported from sites across years. Using two independent survey methods, manual and automated, with large sample sizes continues to return reliable results, providing a confident record of site occupancy for most species. The monitoring program detected five of the six species of frog and toad known to occur at SLBE in 2019, with Eastern American Toad, Gray Treefrog, Green Frog and Spring Peeper occurring at almost every site sampled. Wood Frog was found at one new site, and Northern Leopard Frog was not confirmed in 2019 but was detected at five sites in 2018. There were no significant data collection issues in 2019 except for late deployment of SLBE11, which limited data analyses for this site. Remaining sites successfully collected data as programmed. Cumulative data collection result summaries since inception are provided in appendices. Since temperature logs show that the threshold of ≥40°F was often exceeded by 1 April in 2019, making 15 March a start date for data collection may be considered if park personnel feel snow and ice cover would be reduced enough by that date as well.
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Casper, Gary, Stefanie Nadeau, and Thomas Parr. Acoustic amphibian monitoring, 2019 data summary: Indiana Dunes National Park. National Park Service, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295493.
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Casper, Gary, Stefanie Nadeau, and Thomas Parr. Acoustic amphibian monitoring, 2019 data summary: Grand Portage National Monument. National Park Service, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295459.
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Casper, Gary, Stefanie Nadeau, and Thomas Parr. Acoustic amphibian monitoring, 2019 data summary: Apostle Islands National Lakeshore. National Park Service, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295171.
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