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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Amphetamine'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Bailey, Jordan Michele Newland M. Christopher. "Mechanisms and performance measures in mastery-based incremental repeated acquisition behavioral and pharmacological analyses /." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1906.

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2

Armstrong, Victoria Diane. "Functional changes in neurons and glia following amphetamine-induced behavior sensitization." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2168.

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3

Odenwald, Michael. "The use of the stimulant khat, war-related trauma and psychosis in Somalia how changed use patterns of a traditional drug are related to psychiatric problems in a country in the transition from war to peace /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-23510.

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4

Jonson, Sten. "Identification and forensic classification of amphetamine /." Linköping : Univ, 2000. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2000/tek641s.htm.

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5

Martin, Eleanor. "Attributional beliefs of recreational amphetamine users." Thesis, University of East London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532425.

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6

Åslund, Carl Fredrik. "Detection of Amphetamine with Graphene Quantum Dots." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad fysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302566.

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Amphetamine abuse is an enduring problem in many developed nations, including Sweden. It causes lasting damage both to its users and in the form of increased strain on healthcare services. It is therefore critical that police be equipped with the tools necessary to rapidly and accurately identify any samples in order to combat this scourge. Current analysis methods rely on large complex machines such as gas-chromatographs. This causes a significant bottleneck as all samples must be sent to lab for analysis. In this report the potential application of graphene quantum dots(GQDs) as a sensor for amphetamine has been studied. These offer a potentially quick and cheap analysis method that could be integrated into an easily portable detector. It was found that GQDs synthesised by a simple method from citric acid shows increased photo-luminescence in the presence of amphetamine. The response is largely linear with increasing concentrations of amphetamine within an interval of 1mM-200mM. This indicates they may very well serve as a sensing element of an amphetamine detector.
Amfetaminmissbruk har länge varit ett problem i många industrialiserade länder, inklusive Sverige. Det skapar långvariga skador både på dess användare och i form av ökade kostnader för hälsovården. Det är därför kritiskt att polisen ges de verktyg som behövs för att snabbt och precist kunna analysera prov. Nuvarande analysmetoder använder sig av stora avancerade maskiner so som gas-kromatografer. Detta skapar en flaskhals då alla prov som tas måste skickas till labb för analys. I denna rapport har användningen av grafen kvantprickar (GQD) som en sensor för amfetamin studerats. Dessa har potentialen att ge en snabb och enkel analysmetod som skulle kunna integreras i portabel sensor. GQD:er syntetiserade med en simpel metod från citronsyra visas i dessa experiment ha ökad fotoluminiscens när de är lösta tillsammans med amfetamin. Denna respons är linjär relativt till koncentrationen av amfetamin inom intervallet 1mM-200mM. Detta indikerar att dessa GQD:er mycket väl kan användas som ett sensorelement i en amfetamindetektor.

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7

Twiston-Davies, Fay. "Neural substrates of amphetamine induced impulsive behaviour." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5882/.

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Impulsivity is a pathological feature of drug addiction. Amphetamine is a highly addictive drug that is amongst the most harmful recreational drugs abused within the UK (Nutt, King, & Phillips, 2010). Interestingly, however, amphetamine has a paradoxical relationship with impulsivity and can both alleviate and induce impulsive behaviour depending on pre-baseline levels of impulsivity and the dimension of impulsivity that is being measured. The current thesis sought to investigate the relationship between different patterns of amphetamine administration and impulsivity in the form of behavioural inhibition, and the neural substrates of amphetamine induced behavioural disinhibition, using the symmetrically reinforced Go/No-go task in rats (Harrison, Everitt, & Robbins, 1999). To assess the effects of different patterns of amphetamine administration on behavioural inhibition, separate groups of rats were treated with subchronic (4-day) and chronic (11-day) amphetamine and were tested on the Go/No-go task during drug treatment and drug withdrawal. Following two weeks of drug withdrawal, sensitivity to the acute effects of amphetamine in rats was tested with acute drug challenges. To assess the role of nucleus accumbens core D2 and GABAA receptors in the mediation of behavioural inhibition and amphetamine-induced behavioural disinhibition, separate groups of rats were also treated with intra-nucleus accumbens core infusions of the D2 antagonist eticlopride and GABAA agonist muscimol. Results revealed that short duration and high frequency binge-like amphetamine administration produced longer term increases in behavioural disinhibition than longer term and less frequent but overall higher dosing of amphetamine in rats. However, neither the binge-like (4-day) or longer term amphetamine regimes (11-day) caused any enduring changes in sensitivity to the acute disinhibitory effects of amphetamine in rats. Infusions of either eticlopride or muscimol into the NAcb core had no effect on behavioural inhibition assessed under baseline conditions, however, eticlopride infusions produced full behavioural reversal of amphetamine induced behavioural disinhibition and muscimol infusions produced partial reversal of amphetamine induced behavioural disinhibition. Taken together, these results demonstrate that different patterns of amphetamine administration produce different effects on the duration of behavioural disinhibition in rats, and further, that amphetamine induced activation of the D2 receptors within the nucleus accumbens core mediates amphetamine induced behavioural disinhibition on the symmetrically reinforced Go/No-go task. Results additionally support the possibility of dopamine-GABA interactions in the mediation of amphetamine induced behavioural disinhibition on the symmetrically reinforced Go/No-go task in rats.

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8

Chou, Yuan-Hwa. "A PET study on dopamine and serotonin receptor binding in the primate brain : challenges with antipsychotic drugs and amphetamine /." Stockholm, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-628-4639-6/.

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9

Wu, Lora J. "Predicting drug court outcome among amphetamine using participants." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2010/l_wu_060110.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in psychology)--Washington State University, August 2010.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 30, 2010). "Department of Psychology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 38-42).

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10

Andersson, Kjell. "Development of a method for comparing amphetamine samples /." Linköping : Univ, 2004. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2004/tek879s.pdf.

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11

Baelen, Luk Van. "Interaction mechanisms within social networks of amphetamine users." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272456.

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12

Bach, Mimi Vu. "The metabolism of amitriptyline and some analogs of amphetamine." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq22947.pdf.

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13

Jayaram-Lindström, Nitya. "Evaluation of naltrexone as a treatment for amphetamine dependence /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-449-5/.

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14

Whelan, Jennifer M. "Alterations in executive functioning induced by repeated amphetamine exposure." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1296.

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Chronic exposure to psychostimulants such as amphetamine (AMPH) can induce long-term disruptions in cognition via actions on prefrontal cortex dopamine. Previous work has shown that two types of executive functions, set shifting and working memory (WM), are disrupted by AMPH sensitization and that these cognitive domains are impaired in schizophrenics and stimulant abusers. We assessed the effects of AMPH sensitization on behavioural flexibility using a cross-maze set shifting task and a WM task using the delayed spatial win-shift (SWSh) task in Long Evans (LE) and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Rats were exposed to an AMPH sensitization regimen (15 AMPH or saline injections: 1-5 mg/kg every 2nd day, increasing the dose by 1 mg every 3rd injections) following habituation on the mazes. In experiment 1, LE and SD rats were initially trained on a visual cue discrimination. During the set shift, rats were required to shift from the previously acquired visual-cue-based strategy to a response strategy (e.g.; always turn left, ignore the visual cue). For the reversal, rats were trained to reverse their turn direction. AMPH treatment did not impair learning of the initial cue discrimination in either strain. However, AMPH treated rats learned the response discrimination faster than controls during the set shift and AMPH treated LE rats were faster than controls to reach acquisition criterion during the response reversal. AMPH treatment neither impaired nor improved reversal learning in SD rats. In experiment 2, rats were tested on the SWSh task in which spatial information acquired during a training phase was used 30 minutes later during the testing phase in order to retrieve food pellets on the maze. In this task, AMPH treated rats were faster to re-attain criterion than control rats. Correlational analysis further revealed that AMPH sensitized rats that required more days to reach criterion before AMPH treatment (i.e. slow learners) tended to make more errors during re-acquisition of the memory task. Viewed collectively, these results suggest that chronic AMPH treatment can enhance behavioural flexibility and WM assessed in this manner. However, repeated AMPH exposure may have exacerbated pre-existing cognitive deficits in slow learning rats.

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15

Dalal, Suntanu. "Amphetamine drugs potentiate morphine analgesia in the formalin test." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55488.

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There has been a great deal of research investigating drug combinations which can increase analgesia. A number of studies have been conducted with one particular combination--opioids combined with the amphetamine drugs. Despite the existing literature, this combination is rarely used in clinical practice. One purpose of this thesis is to review the literature pertaining to the opioid-amphetamine combination. Another purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether dextroamphetamine sulfate ($ circler$Dexedrine) can potentiate morphine sulfate analgesia in rats in the formalin test (Experiment 1). To investigate whether these results can be generalized to another psychostimulant, methylphenidate hydrochloride ($ circler$Ritalin) is used in Experiment 2. Methylphenidate has been chosen instead of another amphetamine drug because it is currently being used in clinical studies without supporting evidence from animal studies. The results of the two experiments indicate that low doses of d-amphetamine and methylphenidate can potentiate the analgesic effects of morphine.

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16

McHale, Susan Lesley. "Studies into amphetamine-induced unconditioned behaviour in the rat." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1071.

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Previous work on the unconditioned effects of amphetamine in rats has examined qualitative changes in behaviours which become stereotyped and quantitative changes in locomotion. Stereotyped behaviours have been adopted as a model of raised caudate-putameri function whilst locomotion has been adopted as a model of raised mesolimbic dopamine function. These models have been used to study drugs which are effective in the treatment of schizophrenia. Only locomotion is reliably antagonised by all classes of antipsychotic drugs, although it has been hypothesised that, under some doses of amphetamine, locomotion may also become stereotyped. The Lyon-Robbins hypothesis of the behavioural effects of amphetamine predicts competition between the output of the mesolimbic and caudate-putamen, and would predict that stereotyped locomotion represents a 'blending' of mesolimbic and caudate-putamen behavioural output. An experiment was conducted to test the Lyon-Robbins hypothesis using contrast-based image analysis to determine the spatio-temporal characteristics of open-field locomotion. A further four experiments examined the effects of a classic antipsychotic (haloperidol), the atypical antipsychotics (clozapine and sulpiride) and a putative antipsychotic (a 5-HT3 antagonist, ondansetron) on open-field locomotor routes taken by rats following treatment with 3.5mg/kg amphetamine. Measures of stereotyped locomotion derived from image analysis were supported by a novel form of behavioural analysis based on multi-dimensional scaling which provided an integrated analysis of behavioural change following drug treatment. Haloperidol blocked locomotion and stereotyped behaviours including stereotyped locomotion, whereas clozapine, sulpiride and ondansetron blocked locomotion but not stereotyped locomotion and in some cases increased stereotyped behaviours. This suggests that stereotyped locomotion represents synergistic functioning of both mesolimbic and caudate-putamen systems, when the output from the caudate-putamen is insufficient to over-ride that of the mesolimbic system. Antagonism of a 5-HT3 enhancement of mesolimbic locomotor activity by ondansetron allowed latent 5-HT and dopamine mediated behaviours to be expressed. This effectively mimicked a leftwards shift of the amphetamine dose response curve, hypothesised as amplification of the caudate-putamen output. These findings lend support to the Lyon-Robbins hypothesis of the behavioural effects of amphetamine.

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17

Anderson, Diane Hutt. "Sexual abuse as a determinant of female amphetamine abuse." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/716.

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18

Rahman, Abul Kaiser Mahmood Saiedur Boonyong Keiwkarnka. "Utilization of amphetamines among taxi motor cyclists and its correlates, in Nakornpathom province, Thailand /." Abstract, 1999. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2542/42E-AbulKaiserMahmood.pdf.

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19

Moon, Nathan William. "The amphetamine years a study of the medical applications and extramedical consumption of psychostimulant drugs in the postwar united states, 1945-1980 /." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31743.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--History, Technology and Society, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
Committee Chair: Tone, Andrea; Committee Member: Flamming, Douglas; Committee Member: Krige, John; Committee Member: Metzl, Jonathan; Committee Member: Usselman, Steven. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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20

Payne, Lauren Chantel. "Reinforcing Efficacy of Amphetamine in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_theses/13.

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Rationale: Amphetamine abuse by adolescents predicts long-term drug dependence. Heightened vulnerability to drug abuse could be due to higher sensitivity to drug’s reinforcing effects. Rodents are used to study age-related sensitivities to drugs. Objective: We compared intravenous amphetamine self-administration between adolescent and adult male rats on an operant schedule of reinforcement measuring the reinforcing efficacy of a drug. Methods: After surgery, adolescent and adult rats acquired lever-pressing behavior reinforced by amphetamine infusions. Results: Both age groups exhibited more infusions per session as dose increased. However, neither the number of infusions per session nor total amphetamine intake differed across age groups. Conclusion: Although rapid transition is reliable to test reinforcing properties of stimulants, results suggest that amphetamine is an equally efficacious reinforcer among both age groups. In regards to humans, these results suggest that other factors, like social influences, explain higher rates of drug intake by adolescent compared with adult humans.

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21

Darch, Sarah Jane. "The physiology and pathology of cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425335.

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22

Jalava, Anna-Kaisa. "Profiling of drugs of abuse : a new method for amphetamine." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2002. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21160.

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In the literature survey, a summary of chemical impurity profiling methods is presented for the most common drugs. These include cannabis, LSD, heroin, cocaine and amphetamine-type stimulants. The survey also details the statistical techniques commonly used for profiling. The main aim of the experimental work was carried out as part of a European project to develop a harmonised amphetamine profiling method which could be applied at national laboratories utilising an international database. The optimisation of the method was divided into four steps including (i) identification and synthesis of standard impurities, (ii) optimisation of the GC method, (iii) optimisation of the extraction procedure and (iv) evaluation of the suitability of the method between different laboratories. Ten standard substances were synthesised and the structure of the compounds confirmed through spectrometric data. The optimisation of the GC method was based on the optimisation of sample introduction, chromatography and detection. In the optimisation of the extraction procedure, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE) techniques were compared. Using the optimised profiling method, several synthesised amphetamine batches and street samples were analysed. Repeatability and reproducibility at the intra- and inter-laboratory level indicated that the method is suitable to use as the harmonised method at national laboratories utilising a common database.

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23

Öh, Clara. "Biosensor based on immobilized amine transaminase for detection of amphetamine." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278584.

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Amine transaminases (ATA) catalyse the transfer of an amino group from one molecule and replaces a ketone or aldehyde with the amino group, the amino group on the amino-donor is replaced with a ketone or aldehyde. This enzyme, ATA from Chromobacterium violaceum, has previously been used to catalyse the reaction involving amphetamine, therefore, it might be possible to use this enzyme to convert amphetamine and the product absorbs in the UV spectrum and can therefore be measured spectrophotometrically. The aim of the project was to explore the possibility of using ATA in a portable biosensor for the detection of amphetamine. A literature study of commercially available portable biosensors was performed, activity of the free enzyme was tested against two substrates, methylbenzylamine (MBA) and amphetamine. Research on immobilization techniques, materials, and surface functionalization was done to chose suitable methods for immobilizing ATA. Two immobilization methods were suggested and one of the methods, ionic immobilization through His-tag towards Ni2+ on the surface, was tested for enzyme activity toward MBA. The enzyme activity of the free enzyme in solution towards MBA was comparable to previously reported enzyme activity, however, no enzyme activity towards amphetamine was observed. No activity was observed for the immobilized enzyme, but it might be due to the experimental design, more experiments need to be performed to draw conclusions.
Amintransaminaser (ATA) katalyserar överförandet av en amingrupp från en molekyl och ersätter en keton eller aldehyd med den amingruppen, amingruppen på amin-donatorn ersätts med en keton eller aldehyd. Det här enzymet, ATA från Chromobacterium violaceum (CvATA), har tidigare använts för att katalysera en reaktion som involverar amfetamin, därför skulle detta enzym kunna användas på amfetamin. Produkten av reaktionen absorberar i UV spektrumet och kan mätas med en spektrofotometer. Målet med projektet var att utforska möjligheten av att använda CvATA i en biosensor för att detektera amfetamin. En litteraturstudie på kommersiellt tillgängliga bärbara biosensorer genomfördes, aktiviteten av det fria enzymet testades mot två substrat, metylbenzylamin (MBA) och amfetamin. Information samlades om immobiliseringstekniker, material, och ytfunktionalisering gjordes för att välja ut lämpliga metoder för immobilisering av CvATA. Två immobiliseringsmetoder föreslogs och en av metoderna, immobilisering via enzymets His6-tagg och Ni2+ joner på ytan, testades för enzymaktivitet mot MBA. Enzymaktiviteten av det fria enzymet i lösning mot MBA var i samma storleksordning som tidigare rapporterad enzymaktivitet, men ingen enzymaktivitet mot amfetamin kunde observeras. Ingen aktivitet kunde observeras för det immobiliserade enzymet, men det kan vara på grund av designen på experimentet, fler experiment behöver göras för att kunna dra några fler slutsatser.

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24

Patrick, Mollie E. "Role of Sensation Seeking in Sensitivity to d-amphetamine Reinforcement." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2014. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/255.

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Psychomotor stimulant abuse is a significant public health problem. While many individuals experiment with stimulants, there is marked variability in individuals' behavioral and subjective response to these drugs and these differences may be associated with their risk for abuse. One characteristic shown to be associated with drug abuse is sensation seeking, defined as the seeking of novel sensations and experiences and the willingness to take risks for the sake of such experiences. While observational studies have shown that individuals with elevated sensation seeking are more likely to report stimulant use and abuse, less clear is whether subjective and behavioral response to acute stimulant administration may vary as a function of sensation seeking status. We recently completed an outpatient laboratory study in which 37 healthy adults received repeated opportunities to sample and choose between d-amphetamine (d-AMPH; 5, 10, 20 mg/70kg) or placebo. That study provided an opportunity to examine associations between sensation seeking and d-AMPH choice and subjective response under rigorous double-blind experimental conditions. The Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale V was administered at intake, providing a Total sensation seeking score as well as four subscales (i.e., Experience Seeking, Disinhibition, Thrill and Adventure Seeking, Boredom Susceptibility). We hypothesized that elevated sensation seeking at intake would be associated with increased preference for d-AMPH over placebo in subsequent choice sessions, as well as greater positive d-AMPH subjective effects. Among males, increased baseline sensation seeking was associated with increased d-AMPH choice and positive subjective effects at the 5 and 10 mg/70 kg doses. Among females we found no significant associations between sensation seeking and d-AMPH choice or subjective effects. Finally, when the association between sensation seeking and other baseline characteristics was examined, there was a significant positive association with lifetime drug use as well as impulsivity. Taken together, our data suggest that elevated sensation seeking in males may be associated with increased sensitivity to d-AMPH reinforcement and positive subjective effects, suggesting increased vulnerability for stimulant use and abuse.

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25

Thomas, Wesley Paul. "The Development of Context-specific Operant Sensitization to d-Amphetamine." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/476.

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Animal models have previously been used to study tolerance and sensitization using two different procedures that are difficult to compare. Tolerance has been studied by administering a drug to a subject that is engaged in an operant behavior, and sensitization by administering a drug to a subject that is not engaged in an operant behavior. Previous research has shown that sensitization can occur when d-amphetamine is administered to rats emitting an operant behavior for a food presentation. The first goal of the experiment was to show operant sensitization using dose response curves. The second goal of the present experiment was to determine if operant sensitization is context specific. These goals were addressed by administering d-amphetamine to rats engaged in an operant behavior in two stimulus contexts and creating dose-response curves. Sensitization occurred but was not found to be context-specific, with the dose-response curves not being significantly different between the two contexts. It is not clear whether this result was due to the drug administration procedure or the counterbalancing assignments used. Further research is needed to determine whether operant sensitization is context specific.

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26

Briggs, Wendy Sue, and Kelly-Jo Chastain-Carlton. "Alcohol and amphetamine dependencies convoluted with anorexia and bulimia nervosa." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1420.

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This study explored the possibility that some individuals with alcohol and amphetamine addictions are initially motivated to use alcohol and amphetamines because of underlying issues involving body dissatisfaction and weight reduction associated with Anorexia and Bilimia Nervosa. Current literature reveals similarities among chemical dependencies and eating disorders.

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27

Silber, Yvonne Beata, and N/A. "The acute side effects of d-amphetamine and methamphetamine on simulated driving performance, cognitive functioning, brain activity, and the standardised field sobriety tests." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20070319.105603.

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Recently there has been an increase in awareness of the role of drugs other than alcohol in the causation of road accidents and deaths, with the most recent report indicating that 33% of all Victorian (Australia) road fatalities are drug (other than alcohol) related (TAC, 2006). Currently in Victoria, one of the classes of drugs reported to be of most concern is the amphetamines. The epidemiological driving literature highlights a possible association between amphetamine use and road crashes. However, since the cognitive research generally indicates cognitive enhancing properties following amphetamine consumption, it remains unclear how amphetamines may be related to adverse driving. The present thesis was designed to explore this issue. In response to the increasing number of drug-related road fatalities, the Standardised Field Sobriety Tests (SFSTs), designed and validated for the detection and assessment of impairment associated with alcohol intoxication, are currently being employed by the Victoria Police (Australia) for the identification of driving impairment associated with drugs other than alcohol. The present thesis was designed to evaluate whether the SFSTs are a sensitive measure for identifying impairment associated with a single acute therapeutic amphetamine dose. Furthermore, the accuracy of using the SFSTs to detect driving impairment associated with these amphetamine doses was also evaluated. The present thesis examined the effects of a single acute therapeutic dose of various amphetamine preparations, on simulated driving performance, driving-related cognitive processes (assessed using standard cognitive tasks and the electroencephalogram [EEG]), and performance on the SFSTs, in healthy, stimulant-using, non-fatigued adults. The present thesis consisted of five separate experiments. The first three experiments examined the effects of d-amphetamine, d,l-methamphetamine, and d-methamphetamine, on simulated driving performance, driving-related cognitive processes, and performance on the SFSTs. Experiment 4 and Experiment 5 assessed the effects of d-amphetamine and dmethamphetamine on visual and auditory cognitive processes using the EEG. These forms of amphetamines were selected as they are commonly used recreationally by young adult drivers, and occupationally by truck drivers. Experiment 1, Experiment 2, and Experiment 3 employed a repeated-measures, counterbalanced, double blind, placebo-controlled design. In each experiment, twenty different (i.e. 60 participants in total) healthy volunteers (10 males and 10 females) completed two treatment conditions i) placebo and ii) 0.42mg/kg amphetamine (~30mg). Driving performance was assessed using a driving simulator task, which consisted of four driving tasks; �freeway traffic driving� and �city traffic driving� in both day and night conditions. Cognitive performance was assessed using a range of computer and pen and paper tasks designed to assess attention, psychomotor performance, and perceptual speed. Specifically, the tasks were: the Digit Span Test; a Digit Vigilance task; a Movement Estimation Task; the Digit Symbol Substitution Test; a Tracking Task; the Trail-Making Test; and the Inspection Time task. SFSTs performance was assessed using the Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN) test, the Walk and Turn (WAT) test, and the One Leg Stand (OLS) test. Three blood and saliva samples were obtained throughout all experimental sessions (120, 170, and 240 minutes after drug administration). The results indicated that 0.42mg/kg d-amphetamine significantly impaired simulated driving performance, in recreational stimulant users, 2-3 hours post-drug administration, when mean blood amphetamine concentrations were approximately 90ng/mL. No significant driving decrements were observed following d,l-methamphetamine or dmethamphetamine, when methamphetamine blood concentrations were 90ng/mL and 70ng/mL, respectively. There were only few driving behaviours that were found to be significantly reduced with d-amphetamine, such as reductions in signalling adherence and driving too fast for the traffic conditions. However, during all three amphetamine conditions, drivers travelled at a slower speed on the freeway at the time that an emergency situation occurred, relative to the placebo condition. It was argued that either this may result from more cautious driving, or that the reduction in speed acted as a compensatory mechanism to permit drivers to attend to other aspects of driving. Overall, the present results indicate that a therapeutic dose of amphetamine does not produce considerable impairment to driving, as only minimal amphetamine effects were observed on driving performance. In terms of cognitive performance, the results indicated that a therapeutic dose of various amphetamines has minimal effect on driving-related cognitive functioning, with some significant improvements noted in aspects of attention, psychomotor functioning and perceptual speed. This is consistent with the failure to identify significant driving impairments, described above, following a similar dose. However, the ability to perceive and predict motion and estimate �time to contact�, assessed using a movement estimation task, was affected following d-amphetamine and d-methamphetamine consumption. In terms of performance on the SFSTs, the present thesis demonstrated that following the administration of low-level d-amphetamine, d,l-methamphetamine, and dmethamphetamine, performance on the SFSTs was not impaired. Using the SFSTs, impairment associated with low dose d-amphetamine was identified in only 5% of cases, dmethamphetamine in 5% of cases, and d,l-methamphetamine in 0% of cases. These findings indicate that the degree of impairment produced with the low amphetamine dosing conditions was below the threshold of sensitivity of the SFSTs. However, as significant impairments in driving were not observed with amphetamines, the present SFSTs findings highlight that these tests are unlikely to produce false positive results during police drug evaluation procedures for amphetamine-related impairments. Experiment 4 and Experiment 5 similarly employed a repeated-measures, counterbalanced, double blind, placebo-controlled design. In each experiment, twenty healthy volunteers (10 males and 10 females) completed two treatment conditions i) placebo and ii) 0.42mg/kg amphetamine (~30mg). Tasks designed to assess visual and auditory cognitive functions relevant to driving were administered. Specifically, these processes were: divergent visual system pathways (magnocellular and parvocellular pathways); aspects of visual field processing (central and peripheral visual fields); mismatch negativity (MMN); prepulse inhibition (PPI); selective attention; resource allocation; and speed of processing. Two blood and saliva samples were obtained throughout all experimental session (120 and 200 minutes after drug administration). d-amphetamine and d-methamphetamine generally improved cognitive functioning, as assessed with visual and auditory ERP indices. Specifically, the results demonstrated that a low-level acute dose of d-amphetamine and d-methamphetamine improved early processing of visual information (indexed by improvements to the P100 component for the magnocellular and parvocellular visual pathways). In addition, d-methamphetamine improved the speed at which visual information was evaluated and processed (indexed by decreases in P300 latency), which was consistent with d-methamphetamine-related improvements in reaction time. There was a trend for d-amphetamine to improve the speed that changes in auditory stimulation were automatically detected (indexed by decreases in MMN latency). In addition, d-methamphetamine improved the ability to automatically �screen out� irrelevant and intrusive auditory information (indexed by increases in PPI of the startle response). d-amphetamine was found to improve the speed at which auditory information was evaluated and processed (indexed by decreases in P300 latency), which was substantiated with corresponding improvements in reaction time and accuracy. Although amphetamines were generally shown to enhance ERP indices, a trend was found for d-amphetamine to differentially affect different regions of the visual field, in terms of selective attention. Specifically, there was a trend-level indication that d-amphetamine improved indices of selective attention (denoted by increases in N200 amplitude) for information presented centrally, but impaired indices of selective attention (denoted by decreases in N200 amplitude) for information presented in the periphery. Although impairments to the peripheral visual field were not similarly observed with dmethamphetamine, decrements to indices of selective attention (denoted by decreases in N200 amplitude) were also found with d-methamphetamine during the auditory oddball task. In terms of driving, these results suggest that drivers dosed with low-level amphetamine may not selectively attend to and discriminate changes within the traffic environment, although further research is required to confirm this. In conclusion, the present thesis has demonstrated that a single acute therapeutic dose of amphetamine produces minimal and inconsistent effects to driving. However, some (inconsistent) evidence was found that suggests that there may be mild impairments such as decreased ability to perceive and predict motion, tunnel vision effects, and decrements to selective attention. In addition, the present thesis highlights that at therapeutic doses, amphetamines do not impair SFSTs performance, which is in accordance with the failure to identify substantive amphetamine-related decrements to driving and cognitive functioning observed in the present thesis.

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28

Reile, Phyllis A. Barker Lewis. "Effects of D-amphetamine on choice behavior under mixed concurrent schedules." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/Send%2002-04-08/REILE_PHYLLIS_48.pdf.

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29

Cantor, Anna. "Amphetamine sensitization disrupts certain aspects of associative learning about natural rewards." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27911.

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Repeated exposure to psychostimulant drugs induces numerous behavioral, and neuronal changes, which in animals is thought to model certain neural adaptations that may contribute to drug addiction. Chronic AMPH has repeatedly been shown to alter the acquisition and expression of associations between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and natural rewards. Although repeated psychostimulant exposure can interfere with associative learning about natural food rewards, the manner in which these treatments affect acquisition and expression of these associations remains unclear. The current study investigated how repeated AMPH exposure (5 x 2 mg/kg over 10 days) affects learning, extinction and cue-induced reinstatement of instrumental responding of food-seeking behavior. Rats were trained over 7 days to press one of two levers for food and a tone/light CS. During subsequent extinction conducted over 3-6 days, responding delivered neither food nor the CS. On reinstatement tests, active lever presses produced the CS, but not food. Rats received repeated AMPH or saline prior to training (exp. 1A), after instrumental training (exp. 1B), or after training and extinction (exp. 1C). In experiment 1A, cue-induced reinstatement was blunted significantly in AMPH-treated rats. In contrast, AMPH-treatment after initial training (experiment 1B) significantly retarded extinction relative to controls, but did not affect cue-induced reinstatement. In experiment 1C, AMPH exposed rats displayed enhanced cue-induced reinstatement. Experiment 2 was conducted to clarify the results of experiment 1A. Rats were trained to nosepoke for food following a CS, and were then tested in the presence of two novel levers, responding on one delivered the food-associated CS. AMPH treatment impaired the acquisition of a new response with conditioned reinforcement. These findings suggest that repeated AMPH exposure prior to formation of response-CS associations selectively disrupts the ability of food-related stimuli to influence instrumental responding. Exposure after initial associative learning impedes extinction. AMPH administration after training and extinction enhance responding. Collectively, these findings suggest that AMPH sensitization can perturb certain aspects of amygdala-mediated associative learning related to natural, food rewards, and this impairment seems to reflect a weakened CS-reward association as opposed to a reduced preference for the food.

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30

Chehayeb, Diala. "Factors affecting amphetamine-induced 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in adult rats." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112388.

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Adult rats produce two main types of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), occurring at 22 and 50 kHz USVs. These calls are associated with aversive and rewarding stimuli, respectively. The neural mechanism of amphetamine-induced calling was examined in lesion and antagonist studies. We also tested whether amphetamine-induced 50 kHz USVs could predict individual differences in intravenous self-administration or conditioned place preference behavior. Further experiments examined whether 50 kHz USVs could be evoked by amphetamine-conditioned sensory stimuli and by rewarding electrical brain stimulation. Overall, our experimental findings: (1) identify certain experimental conditions that increase amphetamine-induced 50 kHz calling, (2) provide evidence that these calls may be dependent on mesolimbic dopaminergic transmission, (3) relate individual differences in 50 kHz vocalizing to other behavioural measures of drug reward, and (4) show that in some situations, 50 kHz calls reflect anticipation of expected rewards.

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31

Murphy, Kevin. "The biochemical and physiological role of cocaine-and amphetamine- regulated transcript." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396349.

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32

Pike, Erika. "REINFORCING, SUBJECTIVE, AND COGNITIVE EFFECTS OF METHAMPHETAMINE DURING D-AMPHETAMINE MAINTENANCE." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/15.

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Translational research suggests that agonist replacement may be a viable treatment approach for managing methamphetamine dependence. This study sought to determine the effects of d-amphetamine maintenance on methamphetamine self-administration in stimulant using participants. A cognitive battery was used to determine the performance effects of methamphetamine alone and during d-amphetamine maintenance. During each maintenance condition, participants first sampled a dose of intranasal methamphetamine then had the opportunity to respond on a progressive ratio task to earn portions of the sampled dose. Subject-rated drug-effect and physiological measures were completed prior to and after sampling methamphetamine. Methamphetamine was self-administered as function of dose regardless of the maintenance condition. Methamphetamine produced prototypical subject-rated effects, some of which were attenuated by d-amphetamine maintenance. Methamphetamine was well tolerated during d-amphetamine maintenance and no adverse events occurred. The self-administration results are concordant with those of clinical trials that show d-amphetamine did not reduce methamphetamine use. Generally, there was no difference in cognitive performance after methamphetamine administration during both placebo and d-amphetamine maintenance. Overall d-amphetamine does not appear to be a viable treatment for preventing methamphetamine relapse, but translational literature suggests that other agonist medications or the combination of pharmacotherapy and behavioral therapies may be effective.

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33

Furmidge, Lesley Jane. "Effects of partial dopamine D2 agonists on d-amphetamine-induced behaviour." Thesis, University of Reading, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280506.

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34

Thomas, Lee Davis. "Effects of d-amphetamine on signaled and unsignaled delays to reinforcement." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-1/thomasl/leethomas.pdf.

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35

Scruggs, Phouangmala C. "Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide attenuates baroreflex in the rat." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2002. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1220102-150637/restricted/ScruggsP013103a.pdf.

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36

Vo, Lechi. "Myopia for the future? Decision-making in alcohol and amphetamine dependence." Thesis, Vo, Lechi ORCID: 0000-0002-2714-5387 (2010) Myopia for the future? Decision-making in alcohol and amphetamine dependence. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2010. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/14103/.

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Decision-making has been found to be a predictor for substance-dependence treatment outcomes (Bowden-Jones et al., 2005). Further understanding on decision-making and underlying factors may help tailoring treatment intervention for substance dependence. This study compared decision-making performance of a substance-dependent group after 56 days of abstinence with a control group using the Iowa Gambling Task (Bechara, Tranel & Damasio, 1997). Substance-dependent group were forty abstinent alcohol and amphetamine dependent individuals attending a residential substance dependent treatment program facility. Control group were forty four non-drug using volunteers. The Iowa Gambling Task is a decision-making test that emulates real-life scenarios involving risk, uncertainty, rewards and punishments, and is often used to examine decision-making performance of substance-dependent and other clinical populations. Consistent with past research, this study found that substance-dependent group performed significantly poorer relative to control group. This study also found the difference in the proportion of substance-dependent group relative to the control group who performed within the range of patients with ventromedial prefrontal cortices lesions statistically significant. Together these findings indicated that a subgroup of abstinent substance-dependent individuals attending substance dependence treatment programs may still experience difficulties in decision-making domain after a protracted period of abstinence. The findings suggest the tendency for myopia for the future or being oversensitive to reward and insensitive to punishment associated with substance dependence may underlie the decision-making deficits in some substance-dependent individuals. Intensive cognitive and behavioural training were recommended to improve substance dependence treatment efficacy.

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37

Scruggs, Phouangmala C. "Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Peptide Attenuates Baroreflex in the Rat." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2003. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/853.

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Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) was first identified in the rat striatum where levels were upregulated following cocaine or amphetamine administration. A dense plexus of CART-immunoreactive fibers is noted in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Results from tract-tracing and immunohistochemical studies suggest that the dense network of CARTp-fibers in the NTS may arise from nodose ganglia. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the hypothesis that CARTp may alter baroreceptor function in rats. Rats were intravenously administered phenylephrine every 10 min to elicit a baroreflex. CARTp (0.1- 3 nmol) by intracisternal or bilateral intra-NTS microinjection consistently attenuated the phenylephrineinduced bradycardia. In contrast, CARTp antibody potentiated the bradycardia produced from phenylephrine. Microinjection of saline, normal rabbit serum, or concomitant injection of CARTp and CART antibody into the NTS caused no significant change of phenylephrineinduced baroreflex. The result suggests that CARTp released from primary afferents may modulate baroreflex.

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38

Joyce, Barry Matthew. "NEUROCHEMICAL STUDIES OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER MEDICATIONS IN THE STRIATUM AND NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS OF THE FISCHER 344 RAT." UKnowledge, 2006. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/238.

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Stimulant medications such as D-amphetamine, mixed-salts (75% D- and25% L-) amphetamine; Adderall®, and methylphenidate are first-line treatmentsfor Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In vivo studies havepredominantly focused on these stimulants in the context of drug abuse, andtheir therapeutic mechanistic properties are only theoretical. Previously, in vivotechniques have been limited by poor temporal and spatial resolution, andcharacterizations of these medications in rodent models have not been possibleat low, clinically relevant levels. In order to address these issues, our laboratoryused in vivo high speed chronoamperometric microelectrodes to characterize theeffects of local applications of D-amphetamine, L-amphetamine, D,Lamphetamine,and Adderall® at low levels in the striatum and nucleusaccumbens of 3-6 month old, male Fischer 344 (F344) rats. Our results showedsignificant differences between the faster kinetics of dopamine (DA) releasesignals caused by D,L-amphetamine and the slower kinetics resulting from Damphetamine.These data support that resulting DA concentrations evoked by DandD,L-amphetamine are correlated with the amount of D-amphetamine in thedrug and only the time courses of the signals are affected by L-amphetamine.Additionally, locally applied D- and L-amphetamine caused DA release signalswith similar amplitudes or concentrations of evoked DA; however, the signalswere significantly faster for L-amphetamine. Adderall® caused significantlygreater DA release that lasted over a longer time course compared to DA releasecaused by D- or D,L-amphetamine. These data support the hypothesis thatamphetamine isomers, alone or in combination, interact differently with the DAtransporter (DAT) to subsequently cause reversal of transport of DA out ofpresynaptic membranes of DA neuronal projections. Finally, reversemicrodialysis studies were carried out to assess low levels of D-amphetamine,Adderall® (75% D-, 25% L-amphetamine), methylphenidate, and a new mixedsaltsamphetamine that we referred to as Reverse Adderall (75% L-, 25% Damphetamine)in the striatum of F344 rats. These data reveal a stimulantconcentration-response curve for DA with double plateaus that may be explainedby dual mechanisms of reverse transport of DA through the DAT. In addition,reverse microdialysis of methylphenidate caused DA overflow similar to theeffects of the other stimulants.

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39

Harmer, Catherine Jane. "Environmental manipulations of appetitive Pavlovian conditioning." Thesis, University of York, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265664.

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40

Martins, Serra Ana Maria. "Latent inhibition and the Kamin blocking effect in schizophrenia and schizotypy." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307402.

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41

White, Julie-Anne Wendy. "Pharmacological and behavioural variables in the discrimination of drug mixtures in rats." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321957.

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42

Suon, Kethnaly. "Toxicomanie aux amphétamines." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P228.

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43

Nguyen, Ba Su. "Contribution à l'étude analytique des amphétamines." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P249.

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44

Riley, Kevin William. "Governing speed amphetamine use among truck drivers and the making of deviance /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1998392191&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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45

Finnon, Yvonne Susanne. "Development of an analytical method for the organic impurity profiling of amphetamine." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2005. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21604.

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46

Moroz, Isabella. "The effects of prior exposure to amphetamine on feeding behavior in rats." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0007/MQ39445.pdf.

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47

Packer, Robert R. "The effect of d-amphetamine on habituation of schedule controlled operant behavior." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2008/r_packer_070808.pdf.

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48

Gill, Margaret J. "Effects of differential rearing on amphetamine-induced c-fos expression in rats." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/987.

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49

Hijazy, Mohammaed Khaled [Verfasser]. "Amphetamine-induced psychosis and schizophrenia: A clinical comparative study / Mohammaed Khaled Hijazy." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1135594872/34.

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50

Gautam, Lata. "An in-vitro investigation of amphetamine binding to synthetic and natural melanins." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436460.

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