Academic literature on the topic 'Ampagia'

This study aims to determine the role of extracurricular activities in internalizing Hindu religious values at UPT SDN 3 Amparita. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive research approach. Data collection was carried out using interviews, observation, and documentation. The research subjects consisted of teachers and students at UPT SDN 3 Amparita. The results showed that extracurricular activities play an important role in internalizing Hindu religious values. Extracurricular activities carried out at UPT SDN 3 Amparita are in the form of spiritual activities, joint viewing activities, introduction to Hinduism, and moral lessons. These activities increase students' awareness of Hindu values and assist them in integrating them into their lives. The results of this study indicate that extracurricular activities are one of the effective efforts in strengthening the internalization of Hindu religious values at UPT SDN 3 Amparita.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (i) Mendeskripsikan Proses Pernikahan Towani Tolotang Di Kelurahan Amparita Kecamatan Tellu Limpoe Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang (ii) Mendeskripsikan mengapa proses perkawinan Towani Tolotang tetap bertahan di tengah arus modernisasi kehidupan. (iii) Mendeskripsika nilai-nilai sosial dalam perkawinan Towani Tolotang di Kelurahan Amparita Kecamatan Tellu Limpoe Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang? Jenis penelitian yang digunakan deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan pernikahan Tolotang Di Kelurahan Amparita Kecamatan Tellu Limpoe Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yaitu dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik pengabsahan data yaitu triangulasi sumber yaitu untuk mengkaji kredibilitas data yang dilakukan dengan cara mengecek data yang telah di peroleh melalui beberapa sumber. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa (i) Proses Pernikahan Towani Tolotang Di Kelurahan Amparita Kecamatan Tellu Limpoe Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang yaitu berawal dari tahapan sebelum nikah (pra nikah), tahapan nikah/resepsi dan tahapan setelah nikah (pasca nikah) (ii) proses perkawinan Towani Tolotang tetap bertahan di tengah arus modernisasi kehidupan karena adanya keyakinan yang kuat yang bersumber dari nenek moyang dan adanya keinginan mempertahankan tradisi. (iii) nilai-nilai sosial dalam pernikahan Towani Tolotang di Kelurahan Amparita Kecamatan Tellu Limpoe Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang yaitu nilai gotong royong, nilai tolong menolong, nilai kekeluargaan, nilai kepedulian, dan nilai pengormatan

This article aims to explain how the political behavior of Towani Tolotang in Amparita of Sidrap Regency in political activities, and how the relationship between Towani Tolotang's political behavior with their belief system. The method used in this research is descriptive research design using qualitative approach. The findings of this study illustrate that the existence of practical political activities in the Tolotang community changed their political behavior and had different views in terms of determining their political choice, The role of Uwa is very influential in the political decision making in Tolotang community, Decision-making also based on the region- certain areas in the Tolotang area based on their respective territories, In essence their decisions are different because of the customary attachment of their leader, Uwa in this case which determines the choice in the Amparita territories, as well as the involvement of Towani Tolotang community in political aspect of one of their efforts in maintaining the customs and beliefs that their ancestors inherited.

Tulisan ini mengungkapkan dan menjelaskan tentang tudang sipulung sebagai media integrasi oleh masyarakat di Kelurahan Amparita, Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa pengamatan di lapangan, wawancara mendalam, dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tudang sipulung merupakan suatu tradisi penting dan sudah menjadi budaya turun-temurun oleh masyarakat di Kelurahan Amparita, Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang. Tudang sipulung juga berfungsi sebagai media silaturahmi dan mengakrabkan beberapa kelompok sosial yang ada di Amparita, baik kelompok sosial yang menganut aliran kepercayaan Towani Tolotang, kelompok sosial Tolotang Benteng, maupun kelompok sosial Islam pada umumnya. Dalam pelaksanaan tudang sipulung, ketiga kelompok sosial tersebut berbaur satu sama lain untuk membicarakan hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan masalah pertanian.

Sebuah kota yang bergerak menuju kota metropolitan sering menghadapi suatu masalah, pengembangan dan perubahan perilaku konsumsi masyarakat, keberadaan pasar modern mencerminkan struktur sosial, ekonomi dan budaya suatu masyarakat mengalami transformasi pikiran. Berdasarkan pengamatan ditemukan beberapa masalah tampilan bangunan pasar yang sebagian masih menggunakan bekas dan masih tersedia lahan yang kosong tidak dimanfaatkan sebagai lahan parkir serta sebagian bangunan pasar yang sudah rusak. Permasalahan lain pada pasar sentral kota Ampana adalah daya tampung yang minim sedangkan lokasinya sangat memungkinan untuk pengembangan area pasar. Oleh Karena itu dibutuhkan penyegaran dengan meredesain kembali pasar sentral di kota Ampana dengan tatanan yang baik dan nyaman serta bersih yang akan memberikan daya tarik tersendiri bagi pembeli/pengunjung. Seperti mendapatkan hasil olahan site plan pada pasar sentral di kota Ampana, Meredesain penataan bangunan dan tampilan bangunan pasar sentral kota Ampana dengan pendekatan arsitektur modern dan untuk mendapatkan sistem sirkulasi, sistem struktur, dan sistem utilitas pada pasar sentral di kota Ampana.

Bandar Udara Tanjung Api Ampana merupakan bandara yang cukup tingkat pelayanan terhadap arus penumpang dan barang yang digunakan untuk penerbangan ke berbagai wilayah di kota Ampana – Palu – Makasar. Dengan kebutuhan operasional penerbangan yang padat, kemampuan kapasitas muat pesawat yang diijinkan dan kekuatan runway dalam menerima pembebanan pesawat pada saat takeoff maupun landing. Maka penelitian ini dititik beratkan pada analisa berat operasional pesawat terbang terhadap kemampuan kekuatan runway di Bandar Udara Tanjung Api Ampana dengan menggunakan perhitungan ACN – PCN. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode ACN-PCN serta metode ARFL. Hasil menunjukkan hubungan antara berat take-off pesawat, PCN, serta panjang landasan. Pada analisa maksimum berat operasional yang dibatasi PCN didapatkan nilai maksimum yang diijinkan di Bandara tersebut dengan batasan kekuatan runway sesuai dengan jenis dan tipe pesawatnya. Hasil analisa runway strength didapatkan pada semua jenis dan tipe pesawat sesuai dengan operasional penerbangan di Bandar Udara Tanjung Api Ampana dapat menggunakan nilai maximum takeoff mass yang telah ditetapkan pada Tabel ACN Jeppesen. Dan berdasarkan analisis, panjang runway untuk pesawat ATR 500, CESSNA 208, dan HERCULES C-130 dapat dilayani oleh Bandara Tanjung Api Ampana dengan panjang runway nya. Agar pesawat jenis tersebut dapat take-off dan landing dengan aman.

Masyarakat dengan latar belakang pengetahuan keuangan yang baik akan sadar dan lebihmementingkan prioritas. Namun tidak menutup kemungkinan jika masyarakat dengan tingkatpendidikan yang tinggi dan kondisi finansial yang mapan akan membelanjakan uangnya secaraberlebihan tanpa adanya perhitungan dengan baik karena mereka terdesak dengan gaya hidup yang adapada lingkungannya. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruhgaya hidup, pendapatan, kepribadian dan literasi keuangan terhadap pengelolaan keuangan. Penelitianini dilakukan di Kota Ampana dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 159 responden. Teknik pengambilansampel menggunakan teknik probability sampling dengan metode stratified random sampling.Metodologi penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan metode survey dan analisis linearregresi berganda untuk menguji hipotesis. Hasilnya menunjukkan semua variabel independenberpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen, faktor gaya hidup memiliki pengaruh tertinggi terhadappengelolaan keuangan. Kemudian nilai R Square menunjukkan sebesar 0.068 atau 68% secarakeseluruhan mempengaruhi pengelolaan keuangan, sedangkan sisanya 32% dipengaruhi oleh faktorlain.

Magíster en Psicología, Mención Psicología comunitaria
La sobrepoblación de perros abandonados en Chile ha adquirido la magnitud de un problema social y de salud pública. Ante la percepción de falta de soluciones, existen personas de la comunidad que se agrupan con el objetivo de proponer intervenciones humanitarias con los animales. La presente investigación analiza, desde el discurso de los actores involucrados, el proceso de estructuración y funcionamiento de una red social institucional-comunitaria de tenencia responsable de mascotas en Quellón, desde el accionar de la organización Ampara. Metodológicamente, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a representantes institucionales y comunitarios y grupos de discusión con la comunidad y voluntarios. Los principales resultados refieren que los actores no reconocen esta red como una instancia estructurada, pero si funcional, a partir de una coordinación desde la lógica comunitaria; el impacto más importante de esta red son el empoderamiento y la participación social-comunitaria, así como el aumento de las prácticas de tenencia responsable en la comuna. En conclusión, estas organizaciones conforman importantes nexos entre la comunidad y las instituciones, por lo que deben ser incorporados como actores sociales estratégicos. Finalmente Ampara logra visibilizar el problema desde la perspectiva de los derechos de los animales y la sana convivencia con el ser humano

In this work, the feasibility to perform substructuring technique with experimental data is demonstrated. This investigation examines two structures with different additional mass‑loads, i.e. transmission simulators (TSs). The two structures are a single blade and the hub together with two blades from an Ampair 600 wind turbine. Simulation data from finite element models of the TSs are numerically decoupled from each of the two structures. The resulting two structures are coupled to each other. The calculations are made exclusively in the frequency domain. A comparison between the predicted behavior from this assembled structure and measurements on the full hub with all three blades is carried out. The result is discouraging for the implemented method. It shows major problems, even though the measurements were performed in a laboratory environment.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This study aims to analyze the informal work that is exercised within the Popular Shopping Dorgival Third Neto, built by the government in the city of João Pessoa, specifically checking their legal aspects. In the 1990s, the City of João Pessoa begins construction of "Popular Shopping" Dorgival Third Neto, better known as the "Terceirão." This measure had the intention to transfer the hawkers who lived on public roads from the capital to market their products in a systematic space. Later, in subsequent years, four more were built large malls popular. The theoretical framework that we support to conduct this study is the critical social theory. The study is of academic importance and justified by theoretically contribute with reflections on a contemporary theme, which is informal work. It discusses the "new informality", from the organization of informal workers in spaces gestated by the public. The research aimed to arrest the legal basis of this type of organization the extent to which there is protection for those workers who were transferred from public roads for public spaces called "popular shopping malls." This study had a second goal, which was to determine to what extent the construction of shopping malls popular contributes to regional development through the reduction of inequalities members. The methodology used in the research relied on theoretical methodological approach critical dialectic. The results obtained in the study indicate that although the employee has been removed from the streets and organized a public space, it remains helpless and unprotected. It was concluded in this study that the transfer of street workers to popular malls, has conferred an appearance of formality, but seen beyond appearance, the problem of informality remains. However, one realizes the importance of their work within the popular shopping malls to increase the income and quality of life of informal workers and even these being unprotected legally, contribute undeniably for Regional Development.
O presente estudo tem o propósito de analisar o trabalho informal que é exercido no interior do Shopping Popular Dorgival Terceiro Neto, construído pelo poder público no município de João Pessoa, verificando especificamente seus aspectos legais. Na década de 1990, a Prefeitura Municipal de João Pessoa inicia a construção do Shopping Popular Dorgival Terceiro Neto, mais conhecido como o Terceirão . Esta medida teve como intuito transferir os ambulantes que viviam nas vias públicas do centro da capital, para comercializarem seus produtos em um espaço sistematizado. Posteriormente, nos anos seguintes, foram construídos mais quatro grandes shoppings populares. O referencial teórico que nos apoiamos para realizar este estudo é o da teoria social crítica. O estudo reveste-se de importância acadêmica e justifica-se por contribuir teoricamente com reflexões acerca de uma temática contemporânea, que é o trabalho informal. Discute-se a nova informalidade , a partir da organização dos trabalhadores informais em espaços gestados pelo poder público. A pesquisa teve como objetivo geral a apreensão das bases legais deste tipo de organização verificando até que ponto existe proteção para estes trabalhadores que foram transferidos das vias públicas para os espaços públicos denominados de shoppings populares . Este estudo teve um segundo objetivo, que foi verificar em que medida a construção dos shoppings populares contribui para o Desenvolvimento Regional através da redução das desigualdades socias. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa apoiou-se na abordagem teórico metodológica crítico dialética. Os resultados obtidos na pesquisa indicam que embora o trabalhador tenha sido retirado das ruas e se organizado num espaço público, ele continua desamparado e desprotegido. Conclui-se, neste estudo, que a transferência dos trabalhadores de rua para os shoppings populares, tem conferido uma aparência de formalidade, mas visto além da aparência, o problema da informalidade permanece. No entanto, percebe-se a importância do trabalho exercido dentro dos shoppings populares para o aumento da renda e da qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores informais e que mesmo estes estando desprotegidos legalmente, contribuem, inegavelmente, para o Desenvolvimento Regional.

Dynamic Substructuring is a powerful tool for simplification of the analysis of complex structures and it has been well established along the years in analytical calculations by means of the Craig-Bampton technique. Recently, a new branch of substructuring, the Experimental Dynamic Substrucuring, appeared as a promising field of research for the engineering community. This area presents several intrinsic difficulties, evincing a need to develop the traditional substructuring methods towards obtaining better results using the experimental approach. In this scenery, the Transmission Simulator technique emerges as an instrument for potential improvement of the achieved results. This work represents a study on the use of the Transmission Simulator technique in the analysis of an Ampair A600 wind turbine blade subjected to loads at the interface to the hub, and it is a part of the benchmarking studies of SEM (Society of Experimental Mechanics). The work consisted of collecting experimental data via vibration tests of a single blade connected to different sizes of transmission simulators. After that, a mathematical representation of the blade was obtained via subtraction of the effect of the transmission simulators via substructuring technique. The computed model was subsequently coupled to a model of the remainder of the wind turbine (the hub plus two blades), and the results were compared to data acquired in tests of the whole assembly. The final findings did not reflect the theory prospects and further investigation is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the used methodology.

Metal ion contamination in surface and ground water is a major threat as it has a direct implication on the health of terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna. Lead (Pb2+), mercury (Hg2+), cadmium (Cd2+), nickel (Ni2+), copper (Cu2+) and cobalt (Co2+) are few of these metal ions which are classified under the high risk category. Of these, lead and mercury are of greater concern, as even nanomolar concentrations can be lethal, as they can be bio-accumulated and result in physiological as well as neurological disorders. In Asian countries like India and China, heavy metal pollution is more prevalent, as a consequence of poor governmental policies or ineffective or inadequate measures to combat this problem. In recent times, the monitoring and assessment of water pollution is a critical area of study, as it has a direct implication for its prevention and control. The major techniques used for metal ion detection are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), X-ray fluorescence, ion chromatography, neutron activation, etc. Alternatively, the electrochemical, optical and electrical methods provide a platform for the fabrication of portable devices, which can facilitate the on-site analysis of samples in a rapid and cost-effective manner. This has led to a new field of research called chemical sensors or chemo sensory devices. The main aim of this study is to develop various chemosensory materials and test their response towards metal ion sensing. In this study, electroactive polymers have been synthesized for various sensor applications. The focus has been to design synthesize and test various functionalized electroactive polymers (FEAP) for the development of electrochemical, optical and chemoresistive sensors. Electroactive polymers like polyaniline, polypyrrole, polypyrrole grafted to exfoliated graphite oxide and dipyrromethene conjugated with p-(phenylene vinylene) have been synthesized and evaluated after functionalizing with metal coordinating ligands. These metal coordinating ligands were selected, in order to enhance their metal uptake capacity. Various metal ligands like imidazole, tertiary amine group, iminodiacetic acid, and dipyrromethene incorporated either in the polymer backbone or as a part of the backbone have been chosen for the metal binding. These functionalized electroactive polymers (FEAP) served as active material for metal ion sensing. The present investigation is subdivided into three sections. The first part includes design and chemical synthesis of the functionalized polymers by a series of organic reactions. The synthesis has been followed up by characterization using spectroscopic methods including NMR, FTIR, GCMS and Mass spectrometry. In the second part of the investigation, the synthesized polymer has been characterized for the changes in electronic, electric and optical properties after interaction with the selected metal ions. For this, the FEAP is allowed to interact with various metal ions and the changes in the relevant properties have been measured. This includes the study of changes in the conductivity, electronic properties like absorption or emission of the polymer, changes in the redox properties, etc. The third phase of investigation deals with the fabrication of the devices using the active FEAP. The sensor devices comprised of either films, or electrode modified with FEAP or solution of the FEAP, in combination with an appropriate technique has been used for the sensing. The major objectives are enumerated below 1. Functionalzation of polyaniline with imidazole functional group to get imidazole functionalized polyaniline (IMPANI) and study of the electronic, electrical and optical properties of the same. 2. Preparation of films of IMPANI and study of the change in conductivity of the film upon interaction with various metal ions, namely Cu2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ in their chloride form. 3. Synthesis of amine functionalized aniline monomer and chemical graft polymerization onto exfoliated graphite oxide as a substrate to synthesise the amine funtionalised polyaniline grafted to exfoliated graphite oxide (EGAMPANI). Modification of the carbon paste electrode (CPE) with EGAMPANI and study of the electrode characteristic. 4. Study of the electrode properties of EGAMPANI modified carbon paste electrode. 5. Evaluation of the EGAMPANI modified carbon paste electrode as a multi-elemental voltammetric sensor for Pb2+, Hg2+ and Cd2+ in aqueous system. 6. Functionalization of polypyrrole with iminodiacetic acid and characterization of the polymer to synthesis iminodiacetic acid functionalized polypyrrole (IDA-PPy). 7. Modification of the CPE with IDA-PPy by drop casting method and evaluation of the Pb2+ sensing properties. 8. Study of the effect of other metal ions say Hg2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ on the anodic stripping current of Pb2+ using EGAMPANI modified CPE. 9. Synthesis of dipyrromethene-p-(phenylene vinylene) conjugated polymer for heavy metal ion sensing. 10. Study of the changes in the optical absorption and emission properties of the polymer in THF and evaluation of the change in these optical properties upon interaction with the metal ions as analyte. The salient findings of the research work are highlighted as follows, In the first synthesis, aniline has been functionalized with imidazole group and this monomer has been chemical oxidatively polymerized to obtain imidazole functionalized polyaniline (IMPANI). The synthesized polymer possesses a nano-spherical structure, as confirmed from the morphological characterisation using scanning electron microscopy. The IMPANI has been interacted with a representative metal ion, copper (II) chloride, and the copper complexed polymer (Cu-IMPANI) has been subjected to various studies. The coordination of copper with IMPANI results in an increase of molecular weight of the polymer as a result of aggregation, as observed from dynamic light scattering measurements. Apart from this, a significant finding is the decrease of the pH of the system after copper ion coordination attesting to the generation of a secondary hydrochloride ion during the coordination of the copper to the imidazole side chain. This is further confirmed by an increase in conductivity of the Cu-IMPANI compared to IMPANI, measured using the four-probe technique. The increase of conductivity due to copper coordination is one order of magnitude higher. The films which have been prepared from IMPANI and Cu-IMPANI exhibit different morphology. The Cu-IMPANI film prepared by prior co-ordination of Cu ion with IMPANI powder shows a flaky structure, which is not preferable for the conductivity measurements, as a consequence of discontinuity in the medium. To overcome this problem, IMPANI films were initially prepared and then interacted with copper ions for a desired duration, before measurement of the conductivity. This latter procedure enabled the preparation of smooth films for the development of chemoresistive sensors. In continuation of the initial study highlighted above, IMPANI films of thickness 0.02 ± 0.001 mm have been prepared using IMPANI and PANI in DMPU in the ratio of 7:3 by mass. After exposure of the films with respective metal chlorides, such as Ni2+, Co2+ and Cu2+, a change in conductivity is observed in the concentration range of 10-2 to 1 M of metal chlorides. The sensor response may be arranged in the sequence: Ni2+ > Cu2+ > Co2+ at 1M concentration. On the contrary, films prepared from PANI-EB under identical conditions do not exhibit any appreciable change in conductivity. The optimum exposure time is determined to be 10 min for a maximum change in conductivity, after exposure to the chosen metal ions. In the second system taken up for investigation, a tertiary amine containing polyaniline (AMPANI) has been grafted to exfoliated graphite oxide. The amine containing polyaniline grafted to exfoliated graphite oxide (EGAMPANI) has been characterised for structural, morphological and elemental composition. The grafting percentage has been determined to be 7 % by weight of AMPANI on the EGO surface. The synthesized EGAMPANI (5 weight %) has been used to modify carbon paste electrode (CPE) for electrochemical sensor studies. Based on the differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric studies, the electrochemical response may be arranged in the following sequence: Pb 2+>Cd 2+>Hg 2+ The minimum detection levels obtained are 5×10-6, 5×10-7, and 1.0×10-7 M for Hg2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions respectively. In the next study, an iminodiacetic acid functionalized polypyrrole (IDA-PPy) has been synthesized and characterised for its elemental and structural properties. This has been further used to modify the CPE by drop casting method and used for the specific detection of Pb2+ in acetate buffer. Various parameters governing the electrode performance such as concentration of depositing solution, pH of depositing solution, deposition potential, deposition time, and scan rate, have been optimized to achieve maximum performance and found to be 20 μl, 4.5, -1.3 V, 11 min, 8 mV s-1 respectively for the chosen parameters. Additionally, the influence of other heavy metal ions on the lead response has been studied and it is observed that Co, Cu and Cd ions are found to be interfering. Further, the response of Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Ni and Zn on IDA-PPy functionalized electrode has been evaluated. The selectivity of IDA-PPy modified electrode for Pb2+ is observed in the concentration range of 1 × 10-7 M and below. The IDA-PPy modified CPE shows a linear correlation for Pb2+ concentration in the range from 1×10-6 to 5×10-9 M and with a lowest limit of detection (LLOD) of 9.6×10-9 M concentration. The efficacy of the electrode for lead sensing has also been evaluated with an industrial effluent sample obtained from a lead battery manufacturing unit. The fourth synthesis pertained to the development of an optical sensor for Fe2+, and Co2+ ions. For this, dipyrromethene as a metal coordinating ligand in conjugation with p-phenylenevinylene has been synthesized and tested for its structural as well as optical properties. It is observed that the polymer shows three absorptions, namely at 294 nm, 357 nm and a major absorption observed as a broad band ranging from 484 to 670 nm. The emission spectrum of the polymer excited at 357 nm shows a characteristic blue emission with a maximum intensity centered at 425 nm. The emission quenching in the presence of various metal ions have been tested and are found to be quenched in presence of Fe2+ and Co2+ ions. All the other metal ions tested namely, Cr3+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ are not found to exhibit any change in the emission spectra below the concentration of 1 × 10-4 M. The linear correlation of the emission intensity with the concentration of the Co2+ and Fe2+ ions has been determined using Stern-Volmer plot. For Co2+ the Stern-Volmer regime is observed from 1×10-4 to 9×10-4 M concentration and the quenching constant Ksv is determined to be 8.67 ×103 M-1. For Fe2+, the linearity is found to be in the regime of 1×10-5 to 9×10-5 M and the quenching constant Ksv is determined to be 7.90 × 103 M-1. In conclusion, different electroactive polymers functionalized with metal coordinating ligands have been synthesized, characterised and evaluated for metal sensing applications. Techniques like electrochemical, optical and conductivity have been used to characterise the response of these FEAP towards metal sensing. It is can be concluded that the electrochemical sensors are more reliable for sensing especially at very low concentrations of metal ions such as Pb, Cd and other techniques like optical and conductimetric are good for detecting metal ions namely Fe, Co, Ni, Cu. The selectivity towards the metal ions is a function of the metal chelating ligand and the extent of sensitivity is dependent upon the technique employed.

Metal ion contamination in surface and ground water is a major threat as it has a direct implication on the health of terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna. Lead (Pb2+), mercury (Hg2+), cadmium (Cd2+), nickel (Ni2+), copper (Cu2+) and cobalt (Co2+) are few of these metal ions which are classified under the high risk category. Of these, lead and mercury are of greater concern, as even nanomolar concentrations can be lethal, as they can be bio-accumulated and result in physiological as well as neurological disorders. In Asian countries like India and China, heavy metal pollution is more prevalent, as a consequence of poor governmental policies or ineffective or inadequate measures to combat this problem. In recent times, the monitoring and assessment of water pollution is a critical area of study, as it has a direct implication for its prevention and control. The major techniques used for metal ion detection are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), X-ray fluorescence, ion chromatography, neutron activation, etc. Alternatively, the electrochemical, optical and electrical methods provide a platform for the fabrication of portable devices, which can facilitate the on-site analysis of samples in a rapid and cost-effective manner. This has led to a new field of research called chemical sensors or chemo sensory devices. The main aim of this study is to develop various chemosensory materials and test their response towards metal ion sensing. In this study, electroactive polymers have been synthesized for various sensor applications. The focus has been to design synthesize and test various functionalized electroactive polymers (FEAP) for the development of electrochemical, optical and chemoresistive sensors. Electroactive polymers like polyaniline, polypyrrole, polypyrrole grafted to exfoliated graphite oxide and dipyrromethene conjugated with p-(phenylene vinylene) have been synthesized and evaluated after functionalizing with metal coordinating ligands. These metal coordinating ligands were selected, in order to enhance their metal uptake capacity. Various metal ligands like imidazole, tertiary amine group, iminodiacetic acid, and dipyrromethene incorporated either in the polymer backbone or as a part of the backbone have been chosen for the metal binding. These functionalized electroactive polymers (FEAP) served as active material for metal ion sensing. The present investigation is subdivided into three sections. The first part includes design and chemical synthesis of the functionalized polymers by a series of organic reactions. The synthesis has been followed up by characterization using spectroscopic methods including NMR, FTIR, GCMS and Mass spectrometry. In the second part of the investigation, the synthesized polymer has been characterized for the changes in electronic, electric and optical properties after interaction with the selected metal ions. For this, the FEAP is allowed to interact with various metal ions and the changes in the relevant properties have been measured. This includes the study of changes in the conductivity, electronic properties like absorption or emission of the polymer, changes in the redox properties, etc. The third phase of investigation deals with the fabrication of the devices using the active FEAP. The sensor devices comprised of either films, or electrode modified with FEAP or solution of the FEAP, in combination with an appropriate technique has been used for the sensing. The major objectives are enumerated below 1. Functionalzation of polyaniline with imidazole functional group to get imidazole functionalized polyaniline (IMPANI) and study of the electronic, electrical and optical properties of the same. 2. Preparation of films of IMPANI and study of the change in conductivity of the film upon interaction with various metal ions, namely Cu2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ in their chloride form. 3. Synthesis of amine functionalized aniline monomer and chemical graft polymerization onto exfoliated graphite oxide as a substrate to synthesise the amine funtionalised polyaniline grafted to exfoliated graphite oxide (EGAMPANI). Modification of the carbon paste electrode (CPE) with EGAMPANI and study of the electrode characteristic. 4. Study of the electrode properties of EGAMPANI modified carbon paste electrode. 5. Evaluation of the EGAMPANI modified carbon paste electrode as a multi-elemental voltammetric sensor for Pb2+, Hg2+ and Cd2+ in aqueous system. 6. Functionalization of polypyrrole with iminodiacetic acid and characterization of the polymer to synthesis iminodiacetic acid functionalized polypyrrole (IDA-PPy). 7. Modification of the CPE with IDA-PPy by drop casting method and evaluation of the Pb2+ sensing properties. 8. Study of the effect of other metal ions say Hg2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ on the anodic stripping current of Pb2+ using EGAMPANI modified CPE. 9. Synthesis of dipyrromethene-p-(phenylene vinylene) conjugated polymer for heavy metal ion sensing. 10. Study of the changes in the optical absorption and emission properties of the polymer in THF and evaluation of the change in these optical properties upon interaction with the metal ions as analyte. The salient findings of the research work are highlighted as follows, In the first synthesis, aniline has been functionalized with imidazole group and this monomer has been chemical oxidatively polymerized to obtain imidazole functionalized polyaniline (IMPANI). The synthesized polymer possesses a nano-spherical structure, as confirmed from the morphological characterisation using scanning electron microscopy. The IMPANI has been interacted with a representative metal ion, copper (II) chloride, and the copper complexed polymer (Cu-IMPANI) has been subjected to various studies. The coordination of copper with IMPANI results in an increase of molecular weight of the polymer as a result of aggregation, as observed from dynamic light scattering measurements. Apart from this, a significant finding is the decrease of the pH of the system after copper ion coordination attesting to the generation of a secondary hydrochloride ion during the coordination of the copper to the imidazole side chain. This is further confirmed by an increase in conductivity of the Cu-IMPANI compared to IMPANI, measured using the four-probe technique. The increase of conductivity due to copper coordination is one order of magnitude higher. The films which have been prepared from IMPANI and Cu-IMPANI exhibit different morphology. The Cu-IMPANI film prepared by prior co-ordination of Cu ion with IMPANI powder shows a flaky structure, which is not preferable for the conductivity measurements, as a consequence of discontinuity in the medium. To overcome this problem, IMPANI films were initially prepared and then interacted with copper ions for a desired duration, before measurement of the conductivity. This latter procedure enabled the preparation of smooth films for the development of chemoresistive sensors. In continuation of the initial study highlighted above, IMPANI films of thickness 0.02 ± 0.001 mm have been prepared using IMPANI and PANI in DMPU in the ratio of 7:3 by mass. After exposure of the films with respective metal chlorides, such as Ni2+, Co2+ and Cu2+, a change in conductivity is observed in the concentration range of 10-2 to 1 M of metal chlorides. The sensor response may be arranged in the sequence: Ni2+ > Cu2+ > Co2+ at 1M concentration. On the contrary, films prepared from PANI-EB under identical conditions do not exhibit any appreciable change in conductivity. The optimum exposure time is determined to be 10 min for a maximum change in conductivity, after exposure to the chosen metal ions. In the second system taken up for investigation, a tertiary amine containing polyaniline (AMPANI) has been grafted to exfoliated graphite oxide. The amine containing polyaniline grafted to exfoliated graphite oxide (EGAMPANI) has been characterised for structural, morphological and elemental composition. The grafting percentage has been determined to be 7 % by weight of AMPANI on the EGO surface. The synthesized EGAMPANI (5 weight %) has been used to modify carbon paste electrode (CPE) for electrochemical sensor studies. Based on the differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric studies, the electrochemical response may be arranged in the following sequence: Pb 2+>Cd 2+>Hg 2+ The minimum detection levels obtained are 5×10-6, 5×10-7, and 1.0×10-7 M for Hg2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions respectively. In the next study, an iminodiacetic acid functionalized polypyrrole (IDA-PPy) has been synthesized and characterised for its elemental and structural properties. This has been further used to modify the CPE by drop casting method and used for the specific detection of Pb2+ in acetate buffer. Various parameters governing the electrode performance such as concentration of depositing solution, pH of depositing solution, deposition potential, deposition time, and scan rate, have been optimized to achieve maximum performance and found to be 20 μl, 4.5, -1.3 V, 11 min, 8 mV s-1 respectively for the chosen parameters. Additionally, the influence of other heavy metal ions on the lead response has been studied and it is observed that Co, Cu and Cd ions are found to be interfering. Further, the response of Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Ni and Zn on IDA-PPy functionalized electrode has been evaluated. The selectivity of IDA-PPy modified electrode for Pb2+ is observed in the concentration range of 1 × 10-7 M and below. The IDA-PPy modified CPE shows a linear correlation for Pb2+ concentration in the range from 1×10-6 to 5×10-9 M and with a lowest limit of detection (LLOD) of 9.6×10-9 M concentration. The efficacy of the electrode for lead sensing has also been evaluated with an industrial effluent sample obtained from a lead battery manufacturing unit. The fourth synthesis pertained to the development of an optical sensor for Fe2+, and Co2+ ions. For this, dipyrromethene as a metal coordinating ligand in conjugation with p-phenylenevinylene has been synthesized and tested for its structural as well as optical properties. It is observed that the polymer shows three absorptions, namely at 294 nm, 357 nm and a major absorption observed as a broad band ranging from 484 to 670 nm. The emission spectrum of the polymer excited at 357 nm shows a characteristic blue emission with a maximum intensity centered at 425 nm. The emission quenching in the presence of various metal ions have been tested and are found to be quenched in presence of Fe2+ and Co2+ ions. All the other metal ions tested namely, Cr3+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ are not found to exhibit any change in the emission spectra below the concentration of 1 × 10-4 M. The linear correlation of the emission intensity with the concentration of the Co2+ and Fe2+ ions has been determined using Stern-Volmer plot. For Co2+ the Stern-Volmer regime is observed from 1×10-4 to 9×10-4 M concentration and the quenching constant Ksv is determined to be 8.67 ×103 M-1. For Fe2+, the linearity is found to be in the regime of 1×10-5 to 9×10-5 M and the quenching constant Ksv is determined to be 7.90 × 103 M-1. In conclusion, different electroactive polymers functionalized with metal coordinating ligands have been synthesized, characterised and evaluated for metal sensing applications. Techniques like electrochemical, optical and conductivity have been used to characterise the response of these FEAP towards metal sensing. It is can be concluded that the electrochemical sensors are more reliable for sensing especially at very low concentrations of metal ions such as Pb, Cd and other techniques like optical and conductimetric are good for detecting metal ions namely Fe, Co, Ni, Cu. The selectivity towards the metal ions is a function of the metal chelating ligand and the extent of sensitivity is dependent upon the technique employed.

Este trabalho investiga o discurso digital de três Agências de Checagem de Fatos para compreender como na contemporaneidade o discurso delas é estruturado na pandemia da Covid-19. Para tanto, a pesquisa se ampara em pressupostos da análise do discurso digital, coletando dados integrados ao uso da linguagem e de recursos computacionais, com um recorte no tema do “tratamento precoce”. São utilizadas como ferramentas de análise os traços da análise do discurso nativo digital: efeito compósito, deslinearização, ampliação, investigabilidade, imprevisibilidade e relacionalidade. Conclui-se que o traço da ampliação não é muito explorado, mas as agências analisadas estão inseridas na Web pela investigabilidade.

A crise gerada pela pandemia de Covid-19 confrontou muitos líderes com uma situação para a qual inexiste um plano comprovado ou fórmula disponível. Flexibilidade e positividade na liderança podem favorecer a cultura de gestão do erro, uma vez que possibilita a abertura e confiança para a aceitação e para a aprendizagem com o erro, gerando inovação. Por meio de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, o objetivo do estudo é investigar qual a função da liderança no processo criativo da equipe numa cultura de gestão de erro. Foi possível identificar que a liderança exerce função de suporte e incentivo à criatividade da equipe, favorecendo o processo de inovação, face à oportunidade de reflexão e construção conjunta de soluções. O papel do líder em seu estilo autêntico e humilde, ampara e favorece a cultura de gestão do erro em prol da criatividade e inovação, a partir do erro.

AS TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS DE INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO (TDIC) ABREM NOVAS POSSIBILIDADES DE ARTICULAR TEORIA-PRÁTICA NA FORMAÇÃO EM SERVIÇO PARA ADULTOS, POR MEIO DA COMBINAÇÃO DE ENSINOS PRESENCIAL E ONLINE, COM O MODELO PEDAGÓGICO DO BLENDED LEARNING. O PRESENTE ARTIGO RELATA A EXPERIÊNCIA DA ESCOLA XXXX COM USO DO BLENDED LEARNING EM SUAS AÇÕES FORMATIVAS EM SERVIÇO. DESAFIOS ENCONTRADOS, CONTEXTO E ESTRATÉGIA DE IMPLANTAÇÃO E CENÁRIO ATUAL DO MODELO IMPLANTADO SÃO RELATADOS NO ESTUDO. COM ABORDAGEM QUALITATIVA, DE NATUREZA DESCRITIVA POR MEIO DE RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA, A PESQUISA AMPARA-SE NO REFERENCIAL TEÓRICO DA ANDRAGOGIA (KNOWLES; HOLTON III; SWANSON, 2005), DAS METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS DE ENSINO (BACICH; MORAN, 2017; CORTELAZZO; FIALA; JÚNIOR; PANISSON ET AL., 2019) E BLENDED LEARNING (GRAHAM, 2006; HORN; STAKER, 2015; MUBAYRIK, 2018). O ESTUDO CONCLUI QUE O BLENDED LEARNING FOI INCORPORADO À CULTURAL ORGANIZACIONAL DA INSTITUIÇÃO POR POSSIBILITAR PARTICIPAÇÃO ATIVA DO ALUNO NA CONSTRUÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO, COM USO DE TDIC E DE TAREFAS DE APRENDIZAGENS VINCULADAS AO CONTEXTO DE TRABALHO.

AS TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS DE INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO (TDIC) ABREM NOVAS POSSIBILIDADES DE ARTICULAR TEORIA-PRÁTICA NA FORMAÇÃO EM SERVIÇO PARA ADULTOS, POR MEIO DA COMBINAÇÃO DE ENSINOS PRESENCIAL E ONLINE, COM O MODELO PEDAGÓGICO DO BLENDED LEARNING. O PRESENTE ARTIGO RELATA A EXPERIÊNCIA DA ESCOLA XXXX COM USO DO BLENDED LEARNING EM SUAS AÇÕES FORMATIVAS EM SERVIÇO. DESAFIOS ENCONTRADOS, CONTEXTO E ESTRATÉGIA DE IMPLANTAÇÃO E CENÁRIO ATUAL DO MODELO IMPLANTADO SÃO RELATADOS NO ESTUDO. COM ABORDAGEM QUALITATIVA, DE NATUREZA DESCRITIVA POR MEIO DE RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA, A PESQUISA AMPARA-SE NO REFERENCIAL TEÓRICO DA ANDRAGOGIA (KNOWLES; HOLTON III; SWANSON, 2005), DAS METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS DE ENSINO (BACICH; MORAN, 2017; CORTELAZZO; FIALA; JÚNIOR; PANISSON ET AL., 2019) E BLENDED LEARNING (GRAHAM, 2006; HORN; STAKER, 2015; MUBAYRIK, 2018). O ESTUDO CONCLUI QUE O BLENDED LEARNING FOI INCORPORADO À CULTURAL ORGANIZACIONAL DA INSTITUIÇÃO POR POSSIBILITAR PARTICIPAÇÃO ATIVA DO ALUNO NA CONSTRUÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO, COM USO DE TDIC E DE TAREFAS DE APRENDIZAGENS VINCULADAS AO CONTEXTO DE TRABALHO.