Academic literature on the topic 'Amoy, Treaty of, 1852'
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Journal articles on the topic "Amoy, Treaty of, 1852"
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Eber, Irene. "Translating the ancestors: S. I. J. Schereschewsky's 1875 Chinese version of Genesis." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 56, no. 2 (June 1993): 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00005486.
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Partial and complete Bible translations into classical Chinese existed well before Protestant missionaries actually began to work actively among the Chinese. Translation work accelerated once missionaries gained a foothold in the newly opened treaty ports after 1842, and the entire Bible or portions of it were translated into Fuzhou, Amoy, Canton, Hakka, Suzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai dialects. S. I. J. Schereschewsky's (1831–1906) translation of the Old Testament (OT) into the northern vernacular in 1875 opened a new chapter. His translation was accessible to larger numbers of people and, in contrast to the OT in classical Chinese, was readily understood when read to the illiterate. Moreover, unlike previous translations, it was prepared entirely from the Hebrew original.The purpose of this essay is to examine some of Schereschewsky's views on translating and several of the techniques which he employed in rendering into Chinese the Book of Genesis. My basic assumption is that translation is an interpretative activity. When a text is transposed from one language into another, changes are introduced that are consonant with the receiving languages and culture. Translation is affected by interpretations from within the receptor tradition which, in turn, makes possible the acceptance of the translation and the ideas which it contains. Thus the Old (as well as the New) Testament translations represented one of the initial steps in the signification of Protestant Christianity.
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Kobayashi, Shigeru. "The gradual reinforcement of Japanese mapping in pre-colonial Taiwan and Korea." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-180-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In East Asia, the modern hydrographical survey was promoted during the Opium War (1840&ndash;1842) and the Arrow War (1856&ndash;1860) by Western countries, which demanded the establishment of modern trade relations with this area. However, the application of modern mapping such as triangulation to its inlands was limited even at the end of the nineteenth century, because it required stable and innovative governments for implementation. Keeping this uneven extension of modern cartography in East Asia in mind, we should pay attentions also to various map makings, which had been carried out in most of the inlands, in order to unravel the process of transition from early modern to modern cartography. In this presentation, I would like to follow up Japanese mappings in Taiwan and Korea to scrutinize their role for the preparation of modern survey.</p><p>Japan had little geographical information of neighbouring countries except China at the start of the Meiji Government, because of the long national seclusion during the Tokugawa Era, Accordingly, it depended heavily on foreign source in this period. Concerning Korea, Japanese army printed a large map titled “A complete map of Korea” (Fig. 1), compiling Western charts, native maps of Korea, and maps of China, which were affiliated with the Qing Imperial Atlas of the 18th century. As for Taiwan, various materials including Western charts, maps prepared by an American former consul at Amoy and a Chinese administrative map copied secretly at the residence of a high official of Taiwan were gathered and translated into Japanese for the use of military expedition in 1874.</p><p>However, a stark contrast is found concerning subsequent map making in these two areas. After the treaty of Kanghwa (1876), Japanese navy promoted hydrographical survey of coasts of Korea, which had not been surveyed yet by Western ships under the pretext of the search of new treaty port. In addition, army officers were dispatched to Japanese diplomatic offices in Korea for land survey after the Imo Military Rebellion (1882). Traversing with compass and pacing was commonly conducted by them. Up to the start of the Sino-Japanese War (1894), Japanese army prepared 64 sheets of 1&thinsp;:&thinsp;200,000 maps to cover most of the territory of Korea compiling geographical information accumulated mainly during 1880s. In contrast, only one sheet of 1&thinsp;:&thinsp;200,000 and one sheet of 1&thinsp;:&thinsp;500,000 maps were printed till the end of 1894 for Taiwan, which had been unexpected to be battlefield (Fig.2).</p><p>However, Japanese army concentrated surveyors to Taiwan for plane table surveying after the conclusion of the peace treaty of Shimonoseki (1895), in which the cession of Taiwan was specified. Until 1903, 147 sheets of 1&thinsp;:&thinsp;50,000 and 1&thinsp;:&thinsp;20,000 maps, which covered coastal areas, were completed. Although the same kind of military survey was started in Korea, it took longer time to cover the whole area than that in Taiwan, mainly because of the native people’s resistance movements against it.</p><p>Subsequent cadastral and topographical surveys including triangulation in colonial Taiwan and Korea were carried out on the basis of these preceding mappings. In addition to geographical knowledge summarized in these transitional maps, surveyors who had mastered specialized skills during the wartime mapping played important roles in these colonial projects. It should be also noted native youth were trained and hired for these surveys.</p>
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Serrano, Fernando, Edoardo Traversa, Sophia Piotrowski, Jérôme Monsenego, Jasna Voje, Katerina Perrou, Ekkehart Reimer, Raffaele Petruzzi, and Lukasz Stankiewicz. "Towards a Standing Committee Pursuant to Article 10 of the EU Tax Dispute Resolution Directive: A Proposal for Implementation." Intertax 47, Issue 8/9 (August 1, 2019): 678–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2019068.
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The European Union Tax Dispute Resolution Directive 2017/1852 requires Member States to introduce mandatory arbitration for tax treaty disputes. In addition to the standard arbitration procedure laid down in the directive, Member States may also provide for dispute resolution by a Standing Committee. This contribution presents proposals for the implementation of such a Standing Committee.
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Brown, Richmond F. "Charles Lennox Wyke and the Clayton-Bulwer Formula in Central America, 1852-1860." Americas 47, no. 4 (April 1991): 411–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1006684.
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People here don't care two straws about Central America, or Mosquitia or the Bay Islands or the Honduras boundary,” complained British Foreign Secretary Lord Clarendon to Prime Minister Lord Palmerston in December 1857, “all they wish for is freedom of interoceanic communication and this they believe can be achieved without a quarrel with the U.S.” Clarendon's bitter remark reflected his government's enduring frustration in arranging British holdings in Central America in accord with the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of 1850. That diplomatic landmark was to have commenced an unprecedented era of Anglo-American cooperation in Central America that would finally fulfill the ancient dream of rapid interoceanic transit through the isthmus. The treaty prohibited colonization or fortification of Central America by either side and provided Anglo-American protection for a U.S. company's canalbuilding venture in Nicaragua. But the unfortunate document had yet to bring about the desired ends. No canal had materialized and the “Central American Question” would not go away. In vain the British government had tried to extricate itself from its embarassingly forward position in Central America. In the meantime, a wave of U.S. filibusters, urged on by the bold words and permissive attitude of their government, threatened to trample underfoot the treaty's prohibitions against foreign colonization. By the end of 1857, the Clayton-Bulwer treaty was in imminent danger of U.S. abrogation, and Palmerston and his cabinet had nearly despaired of ever exiting the isthmian quagmire with British honor intact, without at the same time opening the gates for the “most disageeable” Yankees.
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Kai, Yiu Chan. "COMMODITY TRADE AND SILVER MOVEMENTS : THE SOUTHERN TAIWAN-AMOY ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIPS UNDER THE TREATY PORT SYSTEM, 1863-1895." Korean Journal of Urban History 9 (June 30, 2013): 139–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22345/kjuh.2013.6.9.139.
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Avtonomov, Alexei. "New Zealand Constitution: a fusion of legislative acts, case law (stare decisis), customs (conventions) and treaties." Sravnitel noe konstitucionnoe obozrenie 29, no. 5 (2020): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21128/1812-7126-2020-5-26-38.
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The article examines the genesis of the Constitution of New Zealand, the formation of its constituent parts and the main sources of constitutional law; it generally profiles the Constitution. The article shows the mutual influence and interweaving of the components of the unconsolidated Constitution of New Zealand in contemporary conditions. In particular, the constitutional provisions presented in the Treaty of Waitangi are examined, and attention is focused on the contemporary problems of its current interpretation and application, although the historical context of its drafting and conclusion is shown. The article deals with the interpretation of some basic constitutional terms when using different official languages of New Zealand, first of all Maori and English tongues. In this regard, one of the urgent issues, which are being discussed quite widely in New Zealand, is the discrepancies found in the wording of fundamental constitutional provisions in the official texts of the Treaty of Waitangi in these two languages. The article examines a number of court decisions containing constitutionally significant precedents (stare decisis), including those on the application of the Treaty of Waitangi. The article shows how, as a result of the judicial complex interpretation of the Treaty of Waitangi and the legislation, the principles of the said Treaty have been developed. The article provides a general characterization of the laws and other regulatory legal acts that together form part of the unconsolidated Constitution of New Zealand. Special attention is paid to the 1986 Act of Constitution because of the importance of the constitutional issues regulated by this statute. The development of constitutional provisions in the 1986 Act of Constitution in comparison with the previous 1852 Act of Constitution is presented. At the same time, the laws, which are considered in New Zealand as an integral part of the Constitution, are summarized. The place and role of the laws of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in the modern Constitution of New Zealand are determined. Along with this, other regulatory legal acts that form part of the Constitution are being investigated, in particular, the Letters Patent and the Cabinet Manual. The article also presents New Zealand customs, which have constitutional significance, including conventional norms, and the peculiarities of their application.
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Michalik, Piotr. "The Beginnings of the Secularisation of Marriage in Poland." DÍKÉ 7, no. 2 (May 28, 2024): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/dike.2023.07.02.06.
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The incorporation, under the Treaty of Tilsit of 1807, of part of the Polish lands of the Prussian partition into the Grand Empire of Napoleon as the Duchy of Warsaw, opened the way to the implementation of the post-revolutionary provisions of marriage law of the Napoleonic Code in Poland. In 1810, this code was introduced in the lands of the Austrian partition annexed to the Duchy of Warsaw, with its centre in Cracow. The French secular model of marriage, although contradictory to the centuries-old Polish legal culture and the Catholic religion professed by the vast majority of the city’s inhabitants, was nevertheless accepted by the political and legal elites of the time. Not only did it survive the fall of Napoleon, but under the autonomy of the Free City of Cracow it was maintained in 1818 and functioned until 1852, i.e. until the Austrians restored their mixed marriage model regulated by the Abgb.
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Polenchuk, M. D. "Taxpayer protection standard in international tax disputes." Law Enforcement Review 6, no. 2 (June 22, 2022): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2022.6(2).106-119.
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The research project aims to find the most optimal solution to develop the current level of taxpayers' guarantees in the tax treaty disputes resolution procedures.The subject of the article is the analysis of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights on application and interpretation of Article 6 “Right to a fair trial” of the European Convention on Human Rights in the context of the tax treaty disputes resolution procedures.The Author believes that the standard of protection of human right to a fair trial can be used as a starting point for the development of a taxpayer protection standard in the tax treaty disputes resolution procedures.The methodology of the research includes the logical and analytical methods, such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, as well as formal legal interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights.The key findings are the following. Currently, the international tax disputes resolution procedures under tax treaties based on the OECD / UN Model Tax Conventions are contrary to Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The mutual agreement procedure, which provides the taxpayer with the opportunity personal participation, could eliminate such a contradiction.The main results, scope of application. The study showed that two approaches in relation to application of the Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights to tax disputes can be defined – (a) formal and (b) “substantial”.Formally, the guarantees of Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights do not apply to taxpayers in tax treaty disputes resolution procedures, i.e. mutual agreement procedure and arbitration, at least as long as a taxpayer has access to the national court of one of the contracting states to protect the violated rights. Under the case law of the European Court of Human Rights cross-border tax disputes are not typical category of disputes. At the moment the European Court of Human Rights does not express a position on the merits of such disputes with reference to the wide discretion of states in the field of taxation.Nevertheless, according to the “substantial” approach it is necessary to extend guarantees of the right to a fair trial to taxpayers in the tax treaty disputes resolution procedures. This conclusion is based on the fact that the national courts cannot be treated as an effective means of protection of the rights of taxpayers as it is determined by the Article 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights. This approach is in line with the trend set by EU Directive 2017/1852 on tax dispute resolution mechanisms in the European Union, as well as the idea of foreign researchers to develop a global standard for protecting the rights of taxpayers.In the Author’s view, compliance with the fair trial guarantees requires provision of direct participation of the taxpayers in the tax treaty disputes resolution procedures. In this case, the taxpayer will receive the opportunity to be heard and to review all the evidence and procedural documents on the case. The participation of the taxpayer will mitigate the key drawback of the mutual agreement procedure - the lack of a guarantee of a final decision on the case. This is especially important for those states that do not use arbitration, such as Russia.The main conclusion is that the application of the standard of protection of human right to a fair trial in relation to the taxpayers in the tax treaty disputes resolution procedures is an efficient way to develop the current mutual agreement procedure and arbitration and to increase the confidence of taxpayers in these mechanisms.
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Anisimov, Alexander L. "Humphrey Marshall, US Commissioner to the Qing Empire (1852-1853): the struggle to revise the Treaty of Wanghia and neutrality towards Taiping rebellion." Гуманитарные исследования на Дальнем Востоке и в Восточной Сибири, no. 2 (July 2017): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/1997-2857/2017-2/5-12.
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Kim, Jong-geun. "An Analysis on the Shape Changes of the Korean Peninsula on the British Charts of the 19th Century and identification of Factors that Influence the Changes." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-173-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Modern nautical charts, the result of scientific coastal research and survey, had been made from late 18th century, and at the end of 19th century almost of the world had been charted. Different to the neighbouring countries such as China and Japan, Korean peninsula had not been accurately charted until the end of 19th century. Moreover, during the 19th century, the shape of Korean peninsula had been changed several times in the Western nautical charts. However, in the academic circle of the history of cartography, this case was scantly examined. In this presentation, this author, firstly, analyse the changes in the shape of the Korean Peninsula on the British Charts in the 19th Century and, secondly, identifies factors that influence the changes. For this research, British nautical charts, which are the representative and finest charts during the 19th century in the world, are selected. Examined charts are ‘Map of the Islands of Japan Kurile & C.’ (Year of 1811, 1818) of Aaron Arrowsmith (1750&ndash;1823), the hydrographer to his majesty, ‘The Peninsula of Korea (No.1258)’ (year of 1840, 1849) and ‘(Preliminary Chart of) Japan, Nipon Kiusiu and Sikok and a part of the coast of Korea (No. 2347)’ (Year of 1855, 1862, 1873, 1876, 1892, 1898, 1902, 1914) of the British hydrographic office. According to the analysis, major shape changes of the Korean Peninsula were occurred in 1818, 1840, 1849, 1855, 1862, 1873, 1876, 1892, and the shape of the Peninsula became perfect in the chart of the year 1914.</p><p>Meanwhile, the factors of the shape changes of the Korean peninsula in these nautical charts were various voyages, expeditions, and military surveys to Korea. For example, the change in the map of 1818 was initiated by the voyage of the captain Basil Hall in 1816 to the west coast of Korea, and the change in the map of 1840 was made by the map of Korea of A.J. von Krusenstern (1770&ndash;1846) and the voyage of H.H.Lindsay (1802&ndash;1881) to the west coast of Korea in 1832. Moreover, the modification of 1849 was made by the outcome of E. Belcher’s scientific survey around Jeju Island and other southern islands of Korea. In 1852, French admiral G. de Roquemaurel (1804&ndash;1878) surveyed eastern coast of Korea and drew nautical chart and this chart became the source of the British chart of the year 1855. A Russian admiral, Yevfimy Putyatin (1803&ndash;1883), also surveyed east side of the peninsula and triggered the change of nautical chart of eastern part of Korea. During French campaign against Korea in 1866 and United States expedition to Korea in 1871, French and American navy surveyed west-middle part of the peninsula and added detailed coastline of it and British chart also reflected these changes. The Japan-Korea treaty of 1876 enabled coastal survey of the Korean peninsula by the Japanese navy by the article 7, which permitted any Japanese mariner to conduct surveys and mapping operations at will in the seas off the Korean Peninsula's coastline. By virtue of the treaty, Japan could directly surveyed coastline of Korea and could make updated nautical charts of Korea. These Japanese charts were circulated to the Western countries and British hydrographers made the best use of them. Thanks to this situation, the British admiralty could update the chart of Korean peninsula and the perfect one published in 1914.</p><p>This analysis contribute not only to understand how and why the shape of Korean peninsula changed in British nautical charts during the 19th century, but also to add the historical case of the map trade and geographical knowledge circulation in East Asia.</p>
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Amoy, Treaty of, 1852"
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Trichereau, Romain. "Analyse du processus d'une prise de décision : Napoléon III et le traité de commerce franco-britannique de 1860." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0042.
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Dans l’objectif premier d’enrichir l’historiographie consacrée au traité de commerce franco-britannique de 1860, l’originalité et tout l’intérêt de cette recherche de thèse sont de mettre en évidence les conditions tant politiques qu’économiques qui ont conduit à une telle prise de décision de Napoléon III, un champ de recherche relativement négligé. Elle est pourtant une sorte de paradoxe puisqu’elle relève à la fois d’un choix tenu secret – certains contemporains ont même parlé de « coup d’État commercial » –, mais également d’une discussion préalable qui a été très largement publique. Cette approche nous semble incontournable et constitue assurément un point d’entrée pertinent dans l’histoire d’ensemble du traité. La question du choix de l’empereur est capitale. Ce coup de force représente la décision économique volontariste par excellence et est la plus lourde arrêtée par Napoléon III, d’où notre volonté de s’interroger sur ce qu’est une prise de décision en matière de politique économique via sa réalisation ; des premiers questionnements, que ce soit sur l’intention de réformer, le choix de l’instrument pour le faire, la faisabilité et par conséquent l’acceptabilité, jusqu’à la prise de décision à proprement parler et sa justification. Tout en rappelant qu’il n’y a pas d’histoire économique sans histoire politique, cette étude éclaire cette zone d’ombre sur la conjonction des différents éléments qui ont poussé à la réalisation de cet accord bilatéral, avant de détailler puis d’analyser l’ensemble de ses négociationsWhile the first aim of this thesis is to enrich the historiography regarding The Cobden–Chevalier Treaty of 1860, what makes it unique is the focus on political and economic conditions which led to such a decision from Napoleon III. Until now, this field of research has been quite neglected. However, there is a paradox between the fact that it was both a secret choice – at the time, it was even presented as a considered "coup d’état commercial" – and a largely public preceding argument. This approach seems crucial and provides a clear starting point for an examination of the history of this treaty. The question of the emperor’s choice is very important. This "coup de force" truly represents a bold economic choice and is the heaviest decision made by Napoleon III. That is why this thesis discusses the decision-making process of economic policies by looking at their implementation; from the first stages of the process: the intention of reform, how to do it, practicability and acceptability, to the proper decision-making and its justifications. While reiterating that there is obviously no economic history without political history, this research enlightens the grey area of convergence between the different points which led to the realisation of this bilateral agreement, before explaining and analysing all of its negotiations
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Saler, Bethel. "Negotiating the treaty economy race, gender and the transformation from an Indian to a white territory in northeastern Wisconsin, 1824-1852 /." 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/28565107.html.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1992.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-126).
Books on the topic "Amoy, Treaty of, 1852"
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Treaty Series 1852. UN, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/0c4ea4f3-en-fr.
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CLUB, Hawaii Book, and Maurice Rosete. 1852 SWEDEN and HAWAIIAN KINGDOM TREATY: Hawaiian Kingdom. Independently Published, 2017.
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CLUB, Hawaii Book, and Maurice Rosete. 1852 SWEDEN and HAWAIIAN KINGDOM TREATY: Hawaiian Kingdom an Independent and Sovereign Nation. Independently Published, 2017.
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CLUB, Hawaii Book, and Maurice Rosete. 1852 NORWAY and HAWAIIAN KINGDOM TREATY: Hawaiian Kingdom an Independent and Sovereign Nation. Independently Published, 2017.
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CLUB, Hawaii Book, and Maurice Rosete. 1852 SWEDEN and HAWAIIAN KINGDOM TREATY: Hawaiian Kingdom an Independent and Sovereign Nation. Independently Published, 2017.
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Fry, Joseph A., and Donald A. Rakestraw. Daniel Webster: Defender of Peace. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2018.
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Rakestraw, Donald A. Daniel Webster: Defender of Peace. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2018.
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Fry, Joseph A., and Donald A. Rakestraw. Daniel Webster: Defender of Peace. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2021.
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Downey, Arthur T. Creole Affair: The Slave Rebellion That Led the U. S. and Great Britain to the Brink of War. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2014.
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Downey, Arthur T. Creole Affair: The Slave Rebellion That Led the U. S. and Great Britain to the Brink of War. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2014.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Amoy, Treaty of, 1852"
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Johnson, Kendall. "Residing in “South-Eastern Asia” of the Antebellum United States." In Oceanic Archives, Indigenous Epistemologies, and Transpacific American Studies, 62–90. Hong Kong University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888455775.003.0004.
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In the decades before and after the First Opium War (1839-1842), the US missionary Reverend David Abeel laid out a sense of “South-Eastern Asian” for US readers of Journal of a Residence in China, and the Neighboring Countries, from 1829 to 1833 (1834). His phrase focuses multi-lingual print evangelicalism on an archipelago stretching across networks of opium traffic connecting India to China. His accounts also imply the layers of faiths and languages that shaped senses of geography before the existence of the United States and the convergence of mottled European imperialisms in the China trade. At the end of the war, Abeel moved to the coastal city of Amoy where he rationalized opium commerce as an evil outweighed by the potential benefits of opening treaty ports. The prominent administrator of Fujian and scholar Xú Jìyú (徐繼畬; 1795–1873) disagreed and adapted Abeel’s geographical tools to present a warning about the attempts to evangelize “South-East Asia.” His Yíng huàn zhì lüè (瀛擐志略; General Survey of the Maritime Circuit, a Universal Geography, 1849) portrays Catholic and Protestant commercial activity as a threat to indigenous jurisdiction the world over.
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Diouf, Sylviane A. "West African Origins." In Dreams of Africa in Alabama, 30–54. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195311044.003.0004.
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Abstract Eighteen-Sixty Was A Good Year to buy captives in Ouidah. The previous three years had been a boon for slave dealing in Dahomey. Such activity had not been seen for a long time, be- cause, since the early 1850s, when it got involved in the legitimate commerce in palm oil, the kingdom had reduced its slave-trading activities. King Ghezo had been firmly encouraged down this new path by Great Britain, and, parallel to diplomatic exhortation, London had blockaded the Dahomian ports for six months in 1851–1852 when it had become apparent that the kingdom had not renounced the transatlantic slave trade. Finally, on January 13, 1852, Ghezo had reluctantly agreed to sign a treaty abolishing the “export of slaves to foreign countries” and promising to punish severely any person who broke the law. Deprived of the revenues brought by the trade in people, the kingdom was to receive instead the income generated by the export of oil needed by the European industries.