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Journal articles on the topic 'Amount of time'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

PARNAS, I., H. PARNAS, and B. HOCHNER. "Amount and Time-Course of Release." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 635, no. 1 Calcium Entry (October 1991): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb36491.x.

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2

Kampker, A., P. Burggräf, M. Krunke, M. Backs, and H. Voet. "„Planungszeit Halbe“*/“Half the amount of planning time”." wt Werkstattstechnik online 105, no. 04 (2015): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2015-04-4.

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Aufgrund einer stetig steigenden Dynamik und interdisziplinären Vernetzung erreichen Fabrikplanungsprojekte zwar überwiegend ihre inhaltlichen Ziele, überschreiten das ursprünglich geplante Budget und die Terminziele aber oft deutlich. Als Reaktion darauf wurde am Werkzeugmaschinenlabor WZL der RWTH Aachen der Ordnungsrahmen des Aachener Fabrikplanungsvorgehens entwickelt. Der Fachartikel stellt drei Methoden hieraus im Detail vor: Reifegradmanagement, Fabrikstandards und Heuristiken.   Due to continuously increasing dynamics and interdisciplinary networking, factory planning projects indeed meet their content-related goals but fail to achieve the cost and timescale targets. In response to these challenges, the Aachen Factory Planning Methodology has been developed at the WZL of RWTH Aachen University. This article will present three specific methods: maturity level management, factory standards, and heuristics.

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3

Amasino, Dianna R., Nicolette J. Sullivan, Rachel E. Kranton, and Scott A. Huettel. "Amount and time exert independent influences on intertemporal choice." Nature Human Behaviour 3, no. 4 (February 25, 2019): 383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0537-2.

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4

Tatli, Ali, Sinem Kahvecioglu, and Hikmet Karakoc. "Time-Series Prediction for Amount of Airworthiness Based on Time-Delay Neural Networks." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 26, no. 5 (October 27, 2020): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.26.5.25843.

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Troposphere and the first stratum of the stratosphere are intensely utilized atmosphere layers for the aviation activities. Due to the different performances, capabilities, designs, and equipment of the aerial vehicles, meteorological weather events that occur in the troposphere affect these vehicles at different levels during their aeronautical activities. Although simple aircrafts are more sensitive to the effects of meteorological events, they are especially preferred by flight training organizations (FTOs) in pilotage training when they are considered in terms of maintenance and equipment costs. In cases where inexperienced pilot candidates and simple aircrafts that are more vulnerable to weather events come together, analysis and prediction of meteorological parameters becomes more important in terms of preventing accidents and reducing risks, as well as proper planning for flight and maintenance. The purposes of this study are, first, to derive flight availability time-series for two different types of aircraft according to visual flight rules by using Meteorological Terminal Air Report (METAR), and then to establish and evaluate a prediction model by using Time-Delay Neural Networks (TDNNs).

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Oh, Hyeju, and Sanghoo Yoon. "Generalized extreme value distribution for a drought based on inter-amount time." Journal of the Korean Data And Information Science Society 30, no. 3 (May 31, 2019): 563–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7465/jkdi.2019.30.3.563.

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6

Wang, Jingpeng, Youming Xiong, Baocheng Wu, Zongyu Lu, Xiaoxiao Li, and Zheng Zhang. "Study on Reasonable Amount of Flushing Fluid and Flushing Time." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 4483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174483.

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Oil-based drilling fluid has many advantages, such as stable performance, strong anti-pollution ability, and strong inhibition, and it has been widely used in the world. However, at present, there is no unified evaluation standard for the effect of flushing fluid under this condition, and most of them are based on the flushing effect evaluation of water-based drilling fluid. However, there are few studies on wetting reversal phenomenon, reasonable dosage, and flushing time between oil-based drilling fluid and flushing fluid on the two-phase interface. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive evaluation method for the effect of flushing fluid under oil-based drilling fluid, and explore the relationship between the amount of flushing fluid and flushing efficiency, so as to determine the reasonable range of flushing fluid consumption. In this paper, using the existing experimental instruments, a type A oil-based flushing fluid commonly used in oil fields was selected for the experiment, and on the basis of the high-temperature and high-pressure filtration meter, a flushing fluid evaluation device was developed. Based on the principle of equal shear rate, the flushing displacement and flushing time were determined, and then the flushing effect was evaluated. In order to comprehensively consider the influencing factors of the well wall flushing effect, five experimental factors, including different core, flushing displacement, flushing time, flushing fluid type, and surfactant concentration, were selected to formulate the flushing experiment scheme. The contrast method was used to test the cementation strength of core and cement slurry under different conditions, and the microscopic morphology of the interface was observed and analyzed to explore the reasons for the change of cementation strength between core and cement slurry due to the existence of oil-based drilling fluid. The conclusion obtained has very important practical significance to guide the field practice.

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7

Peterson, Penelope L. "Doing More in the Same Amount of Time: Cathy Swift." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 12, no. 3 (September 1990): 261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737012003261.

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This article examines the perspectives and practice of elementary mathematics teaching of Cathy Swift, a second-grade teacher in a low-SES school in a large California city. Cathy’s mathematics lessons are smoothly and swiftly-paced lessons in the tradition of effective teaching for basic skills. Yet from her perspective, Cathy is implementing a “new” mathematics program connected with the state-level Mathematics Framework. Cathy’s view of the state policy is through her textbook, one of several approved by the state, and through district-level ABS materials developed specifically for low-SES schools. The ABS model includes components of content coverage, pacing, mastery testing and reteaching, maximizing students’ time on task, and use of direct instruction. To these, Cathy has added new elements-using manipulatives, using partner and group work, and emphasizing problem solving. Exploration of Cathy’s perspectives and practice reveals powerful effects of knowledge and beliefs, tangled influences of layers of policy, and multiple uncertainties and conflicts.

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8

Lowe, B. "Revision Sequences and Computers with an Infinite Amount of Time." Journal of Logic and Computation 11, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/11.1.25.

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9

Reich, Nora. "Fathers’ Childcare: The Differences Between Participation and Amount of Time." Journal of Family and Economic Issues 35, no. 2 (June 18, 2013): 190–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10834-013-9359-y.

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10

Rabehasaina, Landy, and Cary Chi-Liang Tsai. "Ruin time and aggregate claim amount up to ruin time for the perturbed risk process." Scandinavian Actuarial Journal 2013, no. 3 (May 2013): 186–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03461238.2011.592262.

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11

Hochin, Teruhisa, and Hiroki Nomiya. "Estimation of Daily Life Time Series Data Affected by Rainfall." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.28 (May 16, 2018): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.28.12885.

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The amount of sewage flow, which is one of daily life data, was estimated for their efficient management. The amounts of flow of a typical day were tried to be adjusted to those of a day. The values for the adjustment were tried to be estimated by using the multiple regression analysis. This method is applied to the estimation of the ammonia nitrogen concentration, which is the major factor of the quality of sewage flow. The estimation results show that this method is applicable to the estimation of the ammonia nitrogen concentration, and that the amount of rainfall is dominant in estimating the ammonia nitrogen concentration.

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12

Stadler, Matthias, Nicola Kolb, and Michael Sailer. "The right amount of pressure: Implementing time pressure in online exams." Distance Education 42, no. 2 (April 3, 2021): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2021.1911629.

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13

Turner, Christopher W., and Evan M. Relkin. "Influence of signal rise time on the amount of forward masking." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 91, no. 4 (April 1992): 2398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.403270.

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14

Faubion, Stephanie S., Julia A. Files, and Walter A. Rocca. "When Lowest Dose for Shortest Amount of Time Does Not Apply." Journal of Women's Health 25, no. 4 (April 2016): 416–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2016.5781.

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15

Donaldson, Laurie. "Amount of plastic ending up in oceans measured for first time." Materials Today 18, no. 6 (July 2015): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2015.04.019.

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16

Donaldson, Laurie. "Amount of plastic ending up in oceans measured for first time." Materials Today 18, no. 6 (July 2015): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2015.05.005.

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17

Chou, Yun-Jen, Yeur-Hur Lai, Been-Ren Lin, Jin-Tung Liang, and Shiow-Ching Shun. "Factors Influencing Amount of Weekly Exercise Time in Colorectal Cancer Survivors." Cancer Nursing 40, no. 3 (2017): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ncc.0000000000000383.

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18

Parnas, I., and H. Parnas. "Different mechanisms control the amount and time course of neurotransmitter release." Journal of Physiology 517, no. 3 (June 1999): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0629s.x.

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19

Thomas, Diana M., M. Cristina Gonzalez, Andrea Z. Pereira, Leanne M. Redman, and Steven B. Heymsfield. "Time to Correctly Predict the Amount of Weight Loss with Dieting." Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 114, no. 6 (June 2014): 857–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2014.02.003.

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20

Narasimhan, Kandavel, A. Senthilkumar, M. D. Keerthana, L. Divya Priya, and S. Devi Priya. "Automated Toll Tax Collection System to Reduce Traffic Time and Energy." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 3676–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9257.

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In the technological world most of the problems are solved by the use of remote technology. Here in our paper we are identified the toll plaza problem and make the solution for this problem. When the user using our application initially they are select the current place and the destination place. After selecting the source and destination address the possible routes are displayed using Google maps. After selecting the particular route the number of toll plaza displayed to the user and the toll amount for each tollgate also displayed. These toll amounts for every tollgate was updated by the admin panel. Then user can know about the expenditure particularly for tollgates while travelling to somewhere. In next when we comes to payment options here two types of payment done in our application. In the first user can make the total toll amount before starts the travel. Here in this phase the toll amount for each tollgate was updated by the admin panel. In the second phase payment for the tollgate would be done by automatically at that time like when the user reaches particular distance before the tollgate amount will debited from the account. Finally through our application we can previously know the number of tollgates and makes the payment before arriving. Then these are all reducing the waiting time of the user in the tollgates.

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21

Cammaerts, Marie-Claire, and Roger Cammaerts. "Ants Can Acquire Multiple Symbolisms." International Journal of Biology 12, no. 3 (August 31, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v12n3p18.

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The workers of the ant Myrmica sabuleti were previously shown to be able to associate a given amount to its corresponding symbol, one symbol at a time. It was here examined if they can simultaneously learn to associate the amount 1 with a corresponding symbol, the amount 2 with another symbol, the amount 3 with a third symbol, and the amount 4 with a fourth symbol, the cue to avoid being the amount 5. Thanks to operant conditioning during 156 hours and twelve successive testing experiments, it was shown that the ants can effectively memorize, in the course of a same time period, the association between the amounts 1, 2, 3, and 4 and their respective symbols. A distance effect was observed for the learning of the amounts 1 to 4 versus 5, but not for the learning of their four corresponding symbols.

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22

Smitizsky, Gal, Wendy Liu, and Uri Gneezy. "On the value(s) of time: Workers’ value of their time depends on mode of valuation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 34 (August 19, 2021): e2105710118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2105710118.

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In this paper, we investigate how individuals make time–money tradeoffs in labor contexts in which they are either asked to work to earn money or to pay money to avoid work. Theory predicts that exchange rates between time and money are invariant to the elicitation method. Results from our experiments, however, show otherwise, highlighting inconsistencies in how individuals consider their time. In the first two experiments, participants work to earn money, and we compare two incentivized elicitation methods. In the first, “Fixed-Time mode,” we fix the amount of time participants need to work and elicit the minimum dollar amount they require to do the job. In the second, “Fixed-Money mode,” we fix the amount of money we pay participants and ask for the maximum amount of time they are willing to work for that pay. We similarly vary elicitation procedures in Experiment 3 for paying money to avoid work. Translating the results into pay per hour, we find that in Fixed-Time mode, valuation of time is stable across durations, based on an analytical approach. By contrast, in Fixed-Money mode, participants increase their pay-per-hour demand when the amount of money increases, indicating a less calculated and more emotional view of time. Our results demonstrate that individuals’ value of their time of labor can be fluid and dependent on the compensation structure. Our findings have implications for theories of time valuation in the labor market.

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23

Albabtain, Abdulhakim A., Mansour Shrahili, Lolwa Alshagrawi, and Mohamed Kayid. "A Dynamic Failure Time Degradation-Based Model." Symmetry 12, no. 9 (September 17, 2020): 1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12091532.

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A novel methodology for modelling time to failure of systems under a degradation process is proposed. Considering the method degradation may have influenced the failure of the system under the setup of the model several implied lifetime distributions are outlined. Hazard rate and mean residual lifetime of the model are obtained and a numerical situation is delineated to calculate their amounts. The problem of modelling the amount of degradation at the failure time is also considered. Two monotonic aging properties of the model is secured and a characterization property of the symmetric degradation models is established.

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24

Biswas, Ranjit. "Anytime Anywhere Any-amount Anybody to Anybody Real-Time Payment (5A-RTP)." Asian Journal of Research in Banking and Finance 5, no. 1 (2015): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7323.2015.00015.2.

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25

Barbosa-Santos, J. H., and G. B. Lima Neto. "The relation between dust amount and galaxy mass across the cosmic time." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S359 (March 2020): 342–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921320001763.

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AbstractDust Obscured Galaxies (DOGs) are observed as far as the reionization epoch. Their cosmic density peaks together with the star formation rate. DOGs also rule the star formation in high stellar mass galaxies. In this work we used a chemodynamical model to evolve the amount of dust in galaxies. We ran forty models varying initial mass and both dust formation efficiency and dust production. We find that for high star formation rate systems the accretion dominates the dust evolution and it explains high-z DOGs. Low star formation rate systems are better suited to investigate dust production. Also, we find that a MDust/MGas versus MDust/M* diagram is a good tracer of galaxy evolution.

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26

Matsuo, Takayo. "The Features of Cloud-Amount Time Variations of Cloud Forms Around Japan." Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II 63, no. 1 (1985): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.63.1_136.

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27

Izumi, Naosuke, Tomonori Sumi, Yosinao Oheda, and Hideaki Nakasima. "The Effect of Purchase Amount of Downtown Shoppers on Their Parking Time." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 548 (1996): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1996.548_65.

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28

Yagura, Denise, Paulo Eduardo Baggio, Luiz Sérgio Carreiro, and Ricardo Takahashi. "Deformation of elastomeric chains related to the amount and time of stretching." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 18, no. 3 (June 2013): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512013000300022.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate a potential relationship between degree of stretching and resulting permanent deformation of elastomeric chains (ECs) as well as whether or not stretching time has any bearing on the degree of permanent deformation. METHODS: Five-module segments of closed elastomeric chains manufactured by 3M Unitek were stretched to 10-100% of their original length in devices especially designed for this purpose, remaining submerged in artificial saliva at 37 ± 1° C and were removed sequentially after 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. Upon removal, each segment was measured and, once recorded the values, were statistically analyzed with the purpose of assessing the degree of permanent deformation. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that permanent deformation is directly proportional to the degree of stretching of the ECs assessed. The mean percentages found were 8.4% to 10% of stretching, and exceeding 20% (21.3%) when stretched by 40%, and reaching 56.6% permanent deformation when stretched 100% of their original length. Finally, the highest percentage of permanent deformation occurred during the first week and was not statistically significant after this period.

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29

Zhang, Changfan, Qian Zhang, Jing He, Baling Fang, and Jianhua Liu. "Total-Amount Coordinated Finite-Time Control of Multi-Motors With Saturation Constraints." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 221138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3031623.

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30

Laundré, John W., and Lucina Hernández. "The amount of time female pumas Puma concolor spend with their kittens." Wildlife Biology 14, no. 2 (June 2008): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2981/0909-6396(2008)14[221:taotfp]2.0.co;2.

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31

Galin, Kirill O. "Comparison of Personal Characteristics of People Spending Different amount of Time Online." Общество: социология, психология, педагогика, no. 8 (2022): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/spp.2022.8.18.

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32

Matthews, Charles E., Steven C. Moore, Hannah Arem, Michael B. Cook, Britton Trabert, Niclas Håkansson, Susanna C. Larsson, et al. "Amount and Intensity of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Lower Cancer Risk." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 7 (March 1, 2020): 686–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.19.02407.

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PURPOSE To determine whether recommended amounts of leisure-time physical activity (ie, 7.5-15 metabolic equivalent task [MET] hours/week) are associated with lower cancer risk, describe the shape of the dose-response relationship, and explore associations with moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity. METHODS Data from 9 prospective cohorts with self-reported leisure-time physical activity and follow-up for cancer incidence were pooled. Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of the relationships between physical activity with incidence of 15 types of cancer. Dose-response relationships were modeled with restricted cubic spline functions that compared 7.5, 15.0, 22.5, and 30.0 MET hours/week to no leisure-time physical activity, and statistically significant associations were determined using tests for trend ( P < .05) and 95% CIs (< 1.0). RESULTS A total of 755,459 participants (median age, 62 years [range, 32-91 years]; 53% female) were followed for 10.1 years, and 50,620 incident cancers accrued. Engagement in recommended amounts of activity (7.5-15 MET hours/week) was associated with a statistically significant lower risk of 7 of the 15 cancer types studied, including colon (8%-14% lower risk in men), breast (6%-10% lower risk), endometrial (10%-18% lower risk), kidney (11%-17% lower risk), myeloma (14%-19% lower risk), liver (18%-27% lower risk), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (11%-18% lower risk in women). The dose response was linear in shape for half of the associations and nonlinear for the others. Results for moderate- and vigorous-intensity leisure-time physical activity were mixed. Adjustment for body mass index eliminated the association with endometrial cancer but had limited effect on other cancer types. CONCLUSION Health care providers, fitness professionals, and public health practitioners should encourage adults to adopt and maintain physical activity at recommended levels to lower risks of multiple cancers.

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33

Aravind, P. K. "Amount of night sky at any place at any time of year." American Journal of Physics 62, no. 12 (December 1994): 1129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.17673.

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34

Milkie, Melissa A., Kei M. Nomaguchi, and Kathleen E. Denny. "Does the Amount of Time Mothers Spend With Children or Adolescents Matter?" Journal of Marriage and Family 77, no. 2 (March 4, 2015): 355–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12170.

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35

Lovasi, Gina S., Rozenn N. Lemaitre, David S. Siscovick, Sascha Dublin, Joshua C. Bis, Thomas Lumley, Susan R. Heckbert, Nicholas L. Smith, and Bruce M. Psaty. "Amount of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Risk of Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction." Annals of Epidemiology 17, no. 6 (June 2007): 410–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.10.012.

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36

Hale, Gordon A. "EFFECTS OF AMOUNT OF TIME ALLOWED ON THE TEST OF WRITTEN ENGLISH." ETS Research Report Series 1992, no. 1 (June 1992): i—35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2333-8504.1992.tb01458.x.

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37

Wang, Li, Huiyan Zhang, and Hong Xue. "Life Prediction based on Degradation Amount Distribution using Composite Time Series Analysis." IERI Procedia 1 (2012): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ieri.2012.06.034.

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38

Hope, Joan. "How do you control the amount of time you spend in meetings?" Recruiting & Retaining Adult Learners 18, no. 3 (November 12, 2015): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nsr.30108.

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39

Hayward, Kristen M., Michelle P. Harwood, Stephen C. Lougheed, Zhengxin Sun, Peter Van Coeverden de Groot, and Evelyn L. Jensen. "A real-time PCR assay to accurately quantify polar bear DNA in fecal extracts." PeerJ 8 (April 7, 2020): e8884. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8884.

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DNA extracted from fecal samples contains DNA from the focal species, food, bacteria and pathogens. Most DNA quantification methods measure total DNA and cannot differentiate among sources. Despite the desirability of noninvasive fecal sampling for studying wildlife populations, low amounts of focal species DNA make it difficult to use for next-generation sequencing (NGS), where accurate DNA quantification is critical for normalization. Two factors are required prior to using fecal samples in NGS libraries: (1) an accurate quantification method for the amount of target DNA and (2) a determination of the relative amount of target DNA needed for successful single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assays. Here, we address these needs by developing primers to amplify a 101 bp region of the nuclear F2 gene and a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay that allows the accurate quantification of the amount of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) DNA in fecal extracts. We test the assay on pure polar bear DNA extracted from muscle tissue and find a high correlation between fluorometric and qPCR quantifications. The qPCR assay was also successfully used to quantify the amount of DNA derived from polar bears in fecal extractions. Orthologs of the F2 gene have been identified across vertebrates; thus, similar qPCR assays could be developed for other species to enable noninvasive studies.

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Jovanovic, Snezana, Ognjen Macej, and Jelena Djurdjevic-Denin. "The influence of various factors on milk clotting time." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 47, no. 1 (2002): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas0201057j.

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The influence of pH (6.5 and 5.8), amount of added CaCl2 (0, 200 and 400 mg/l)), coagulation temperature (30?C and 35?C) and heat treatment of milk (65?C/30 min and 87?C/10 min) on the rate of rennet induced milk coagulation (s) were investigated. The time (s) from rennet addition to onset of gelation (as indicated by the first visible floccules) was measured. The milk samples heat-treated at 87?C/10 min, with 400 mg/l added CaCl2, which were coagulated at 35?C and pH 5.8, coagulated 23.28-fold faster than the same samples without added CaCl2, which were coagulated at 30?C and pH 6.5. The results of investigations related to the influence of particular coagulation factors on the coagulation rate of heat-treated milk showed that at pH 6.5 the most pronounced influence was demonstrated by the amount of Ca2+ and temperature of coagulation. At pH 5.8, different amounts of Ca2 and used temperatures of coagulation did not influence coagulation rate regardless of the used heat treatment of milk. The influence of used heat treatment of milk was particularly pronounced during coagulation of samples without added CaCl2 that coagulated at 30?C and pH 6.5. The used heat treatment of milk practically did not influence the milk coagulation rate at pH 5.8. The greatest influence on milk coagulation rate was showed by pH. This influence was the most marked in coagulation of samples in which the coaggregates were formed, regardless of the amount of added Ca2+ and used coagulation temperatures.

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41

Brzezicki, Tomasz, and Monika Cylc. "Administrative and criminal penalties for a failure to register a vehicle in due time." Prawo Budżetowe Państwa i Samorządu 9, no. 4 (December 19, 2021): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/pbps.2021.020.

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A determination of amounts of administrative monetary penalties and criminal sanctions resulting from a lack of fulfilment of some of registration obligations imposed on an owner of a vehicle is a practical problem related to the activity of the authorities keeping the vehicle register. Particular doubts are raised not by a necessity to impose a penalty, but by its amount, as well as by a possibility of waiving the penalty. Further doubts are raised by a possibility of applying a criminal liability to entities that have not fulfilled with their obligations. In the present study, the authors, using a dogmatic and legal method, analyse circumstances affecting the amount of the penalty, the possibility of abrogating the penalty, as well as the potential possibility of applying criminal liability.

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42

Jamison, Dean T., and Julian Jamison. "Characterizing the Amount and Speed of Discounting Procedures." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 2, no. 2 (April 25, 2011): 1–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/2152-2812.1031.

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This paper introduces the concepts of amount and speed of a discounting procedure in order to generate well-characterized families of procedures for use in social project evaluation. Exponential discounting sequesters the concepts of amount and speed into a single parameter that needs to be disaggregated in order to characterize nonconstant rate procedures. The inverse of the present value of a unit stream of benefits provides a natural measure of the amount a procedure discounts the future. We propose geometrical and time horizon based measures of how rapidly a discounting procedure acquires its ultimate present value, and we prove these to be the same. This provides an unambiguous measure of the speed of discounting, a measure whose values lie between 0 (slow) and 2 (fast). Exponential discounting has a speed of 1. A commonly proposed approach to aggregating individual discounting procedures into a social one for project evaluation averages the individual discount functions. We point to serious shortcoming with this approach and propose an alternative for which the amount and time horizon of the social procedure are the averages of the amounts and time horizons of the individual procedures. We further show that the social procedure will in general be slower than the average of the speeds of the individual procedures. For potential applications in social project evaluation we characterize three families of two-parameter discounting procedures – hyperbolic, gamma, and Weibull – in terms of their discount functions, their discount rate functions, their amounts, their speeds and their time horizons. (The appendix characterizes additional families, including the quasi-hyperbolic one.) A one parameter version of hyperbolic discounting, d(t) = (1+rt)-2, has amount r and speed 0, and this procedure is our candidate for use in social project evaluation, although additional empirical work will be needed to fully justify a one-parameter simplification of more general procedures.

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Quebec Fuentes, Sarah, and Rachael Quebec. "Party time." Teaching Children Mathematics 22, no. 8 (April 2016): 458–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/teacchilmath.22.8.0458.

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In this month's problem scenario, students are presented with a task that connects the leveling concept of the mean and the procedure for calculating the mean. In the context of planning a party, students must help a group of friends determine how to redistribute the money spent so that each friend contributes the same amount to planning the party. Each month, elementary school teachers receive a problem along with suggested instructional notes. Teachers are asked to use the problem in their own classrooms and report solutions, strategies, reflections, and misconceptions to the journal audience.

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Lowry, William P. "Urban effects on precipitation amount." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 22, no. 4 (December 1998): 477–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339802200403.

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Major reviews of urban effects on local climate, extending from Kratzer in 1937 through to Landsberg in 1981, have dealt primarily with radiation, temperature, wind, and air quality. To a much lesser extent they have examined moisture-related elements including humidity, cloud, precipitation, and storminess. Selecting air temperature to represent the former group and precipitation amount to represent the latter, the author asserts that, because of the intrinsic physical differences between them, there are necessarily important differences in the methods to be used for their proper observation, analysis, presentation, and interpretation pertaining to urban effects. The principal differences are based in the fact that temperature is continuous in both time and space, whereas precipitation is continuous in neither. The author maintains that because of these differences, urban climatologists have had much greater success in specifying and explaining urban effects on temperature than on precipitation amount. Further, he makes the case that, lack of recognition that methods used for the study of urban effects on temperature are too often inappropriate for study of urban effects on precipitation amount, has led to a state of affairs where there remains basic uncertainty about the specification of urban effects on precipitation amount, and even greater uncertainty about their explanation. In making that case, the author includes 1) an historical perspective, 2) a critical evaluation of methods, 3) an overview of the status of urban precipitation climatology, and 4) recommendations concerning future research.

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Lascano, Robert J., R. Louis Baumhardt, Timothy S. Goebel, Jeffrey T. Baker, and Dennis C. Gitz III. "Irrigation Termination Thermal Time and Amount on Cotton Lint Yield and Fiber Quality." Open Journal of Soil Science 07, no. 09 (2017): 216–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2017.79016.

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Santos, Jefferson John dos, Flavio Henrique Bastos, Thiago de Oliveira Souza, and Umberto Cesar Corrêa. "Contextual Interference Effect Depends on the Amount of Time Separating Acquisition and Testing." Advances in Physical Education 04, no. 02 (2014): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ape.2014.42014.

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A. Khan, Arshia, and Janna Madden. "Speed Learning: Maximizing Student Learning and Engagement in a Limited Amount of Time." International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science 8, no. 7 (July 8, 2016): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijmecs.2016.07.03.

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Kawano, Alexandre, Hiroshi Itagaki, and Tetsuo Ishizuka. "Selection of the First Inspection Time Based on Maximization of Amount of Information." Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan 1994, no. 176 (1994): 597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe1968.1994.176_597.

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Hasmita, Ida, Adisalamun Adisalamun, Pocut Nurul Alam, Satriana Satriana, Mahlinda Mahlinda, and M. Dani Supardan. "Effect of Drying and Hydrodistillation Time on the Amount of Ginger Essential Oil." International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 5, no. 5 (2015): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.5.5.567.

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Visaria, Aayush, Bharath Nagaraj, Megh Shah, Nikhit Kethidi, Anurag Modak, Jai Shahani, Rachana Chilakapati, and Maya Raghuwanshi. "Low Amount and Intensity of Leisure-time Physical Activity in Asian Indian Adults." American Journal of Health Promotion 36, no. 3 (December 15, 2021): 440–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08901171211059807.

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Purpose We sought to describe leisure-time, aerobic, and muscle strengthening physical activity (PA) patterns in U.S. Asian Indians, in comparison to other races/ethnicities. Design, Setting, and Sample We utilized the 2011–2018 National Health Interview Surveys, a set of cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys of the U.S. noninstitutionalized population. Our study population included 257 652 adults who answered PA questions. Measures PA was classified per 2008 U.S. guidelines and continuously per estimated metabolic equivalents (METs). Race was classified into White, Black, Asian Indian, Other Asian, and American Indian/Alaskan Native/Multiracial. Analysis We used survey design-adjusted, multivariable logistic regression to determine odds of sufficient and highly active physical activity levels, adjusting for predisposing, enabling, need, and health care service factors as guided by the Anderson Model. We also used linear regression to determine racial differences in average MET-minutes/week. Analysis was additionally stratified by comorbidity status. Results While Asian Indians (N = 3049) demonstrated similar odds of sufficient aerobic PA as Whites (aOR [95% CI]: .97 [.88,1.07]), Asian Indians had 22% lower odds of meeting highly active aerobic PA levels (.78 [.71,0.87]) and 18% lower odds of meeting sufficient muscle strengthening PA levels (.82 [.73,0.91]). This translated to an average 172 (95% CI: 45 300) fewer MET-minutes. Furthermore, this decrease in MET-minutes/week was especially apparent in those without hypertension (β[95% CI]: −164 [-314,-15]) without diabetes (−185 [-319,-52]), and low/normal BMI (−422 [-623,-222]). Conclusion Asian Indians, especially those without comorbidities, are less likely to engage in high-intensity physical activity than Whites.

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