Journal articles on the topic 'Amount of time; child care; cognitive and social'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Amount of time; child care; cognitive and social.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Amount of time; child care; cognitive and social.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Arnoud, Thaís de Castro Jury, Clarissa Pinto Pizarro de Freitas, Sílvia Helena Koller, and Luísa Fernanda Habigzang. "Relationships Between CSA Characteristics, Waiting Time, and Psychotherapy Treatment Response." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 34, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 358–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jcpsy-d-20-00017.
Full textAbstract:
Child sexual abuse (CSA) can cause negative outcomes on cognitive, emotional, physical, and social development of the victims. A significant amount of symptoms related to CSA can be minimized or even treated with professional interventions. Thereby, it is important to examine factors related to treatment response. This article aimed to identify the relationships between CSA characteristics (abuse form, age, relationship with the offender, context, and frequency), waiting time for psychotherapy, and treatment response. Zero-order correlation analysis and network analysis were performed. The analyses called the attention to two important aspects: victims' perception of guilt and waiting time for treatment. In conclusion, these results show that it is crucial to prioritize the development of guilt-related interventions on the treatment of CSA victims. Additionally, it also demonstrates that the immediate psychological care after the disclosure of the abuse can contribute for impact minimization of this experience on children and adolescents.
2
Rabbani, Mohtaram, Simin Hosseinian, and Nur Hidayah Binti Zulkharnain. "Screen Time and Psychological Well-Being among Children: The Moderating Effect of Parenting Styles." Journal of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development 8, no. 2 (September 29, 2022): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcshd.4555.2022.
Full textAbstract:
Children nowadays are reported to have low psychological well-being when exposed to too much screen time. Children usually imitate their parents' or adults' behaviour towards screen time or gadgets usage. Parents who spend too much screen time result in excessive screen time in their children, which leads to various problems in their social and cognitive development. This study aims to determine how parenting styles affect children's screen time and psychological well-being. In this context, screen-time is the amount of time spent on gadgets with the screen to watch videos, movies, or play games. To test the hypothesis that the amount of screen time does affect children's psychological well-being, an online survey was distributed and circulated among parents or primary caregivers staying in Kuala Lumpur and taking care of a child aged 3-6 years old. A series of questionnaires, including ones on demographic data, parenting style and domains, and strengths and challenges, are included in the survey. The analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis in SPSS. There was a significant correlation between the amount of screen time and psychological well-being. The relationship between parenting style and the amount of screen time was not significant. Next, the interaction between the amount of screen time and parenting style was found to be not significant. Hence, the study concludes that parenting style does not affect the relationship between children's screen time and psychological well-being.
3
Федоришин, Олександр Петрович. "SOCIALIZATION IN THE SCHOOLING PROCESS VIA COOPERATIVE LEARNING." Інноватика у вихованні 1, no. 11 (May 30, 2020): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35619/iiu.v1i11.270.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses the importance of understanding how the built environment of schools relates to the socialization process of students. School can be affective systems that promote social, emotional and academic skills of children and can foster motivation. The school has become a primary agency of socialization. It is the first large-scale organization of which the child becomes a member and which reflects what is going on in the wider society. The modern school is facing a challenge of creating the educational environment in a modern form which develops both academic and necessary learning skills, allowing looking for what is needed in future work cases. These skills include the ability to recognize and manage emotions, develop feelings of respect and care for others, build positive relationships, make responsible decisions and cope with various challenges. The school’s potential for socialization lies in the amount of times students spend in school and in activities related to the school. During this time the students acquires a lot from teachers and fellow students.
To enhance achievement and socialization among students cooperative learning can be used as an effective teaching strategy. It is a social construction where knowledge is negotiated and acquired through social interaction rather than being transmitted by the teacher. Cooperative learning is suitable to promote a social construction of knowledge, mutual learning, personal and social development. It requires students to work in small groups in order to make possible face-to-face interactions between members. Effectiveness of cooperative learning is that every member of the group is involved in the learning process obtaining the experience of interaction. It represents situations in which teachers structure group work with the aim to maximize both social and cognitive outcomes. Consequently, cooperative learning methods can notably improve the process of socialization of students in school.
4
Wykes, T., R. Katz, E. Sturt, and D. Hemsley. "Abnormalities of Response Processing in a Chronic Psychiatric Group." British Journal of Psychiatry 160, no. 2 (February 1992): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.160.2.244.
Full textAbstract:
This study attempted to identify, in a mixed group of chronic patients, a specific measure of cognitive processing that may be of use in predicting dependence on psychiatric care. The measures investigated are derived from reaction-time tasks. Difficulties of response processing seem to account for the largest amount of variance in current service use. When compared with other variables shown to have some predictive power (e.g. social behaviour, symptoms and chronicity), the reaction time measures fare well. Functions derived from discriminant analyses using all the variables correctly classified 90% of those requiring day care and 95% of those requiring night care. Stepwise methods produced lower classification rates but always included reaction-time measures in the predictor set. Patients with continuing cognitive difficulties are likely to remain in more supportive psychiatric settings despite rigorous rehabilitation procedures.
5
Dwiyatna, Archie Arman, Irwanto Irwanto, Yunias Setiawati, and Indrayuni Lukitra Wardhani. "The impact of child care on child development in daycare and at home." Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna 16, no. 3 (October 30, 2020): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pimr.2020.0053.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The insufficient amount of time allocated by working parents is one of the causes of reduced interaction between parents and children. Consequently, the solution of entrusting children to daycare centres remains a choice. The development of children aged 3–72 months is extremely significant because the brain volume develops to reach 95% of the adult brain volume. This makes the stimulation provided by caregivers extremely important. This study aimed to identify differences in the development of children entrusted to daycare centres compared to the home care. Methods: The study was performed in Surabaya, Indonesia. The total sample was divided into 2 groups of children aged 3–72 months, one group was cared for at home, and the other in the daycare setting. The subjects were assessed using Indonesia’s Prescreening Developmental Questionnaire (PDQ) to determine their development. The assessment was conducted twice, with the second evaluation taking place 6 months after the first analysis. Results: We analysed data from 193 children. The children cared for at home differed significantly (53.3%) from the children entrusted to daycare centres (38.8%) in the first assessment, while in the second assessment 44.4% of the former group experienced a disruption of their personal-social skills, compared 38.8% in the latter. Gross motor and speech-language skills changed significantly improved in 6 months’ evaluations. Conclusion: There were no differences between the development of children being cared for at home and those that were entrusted to daycare centres over 6 months of continuous evaluation.
6
Seehagen, Sabine. "Infant Sleep as a Cornerstone for Cognitive Development." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9, no. 1 (February 23, 2022): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23727322211068006.
Full textAbstract:
During infancy, humans typically spend most of their time asleep. It is intuitively plausible that this state is important for development and well-being. But there has been a surprising dearth of knowledge regarding the causal role of sleep for specific cognitive processes during this period. Recent experimental evidence has revealed a causal role of sleep for early memory processes. By supporting the consolidation and further processing of recently acquired memories, sleep shapes emerging knowledge networks. In addition, infants’ sleep patterns likely shape their learning environment by influencing caregiver sleep and behavior. Based on recent research, recommendations for policy and practice include (a) allowing individualized sleep schedules in child care settings, (b) providing easily accessible information on sleep and sleep promotion to caregivers, (c) integrating findings from sleep research in the training of early childhood educators, and (d) providing flexible parental leave arrangements that promote sufficient sleep in infants and caregivers.
7
Burt, Keith B., and Glenn I. Roisman. "Competence and psychopathology: Cascade effects in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development." Development and Psychopathology 22, no. 3 (June 24, 2010): 557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579410000271.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractExisting longitudinal research on the interplay between externalizing problems, internalizing problems, and academic and social competence has documented “cascading” effects from early aggressive/disruptive behavior through impairments in competence, leading to symptoms of depression and anxiety. The primary aim of the current study was to replicate such work using the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development while also extending the developmental window of investigation of cascades back into early childhood. Participating families (N= 1,160) completed questionnaire measures of externalizing, internalizing, and social competence (maternal report), as well as individual assessment of academic achievement, spanning five time points from age 54 months through age 15 years. A series of nested structural equation models tested predicted links across various domains of competence and psychopathology. Results were consistent with prior research, demonstrating cross-domain effects from early externalizing problems through effects on both academic and social competence into later internalizing problems. Effects held across gender and were largely unaffected by inclusion of socioeconomic status, early caregiving, and early cognitive ability as covariates in the model.
8
Agrawal, Priyanka, Divya Nair, Shumona Sharmin Salam, Md Irteja Islam, Jena Derakhshani Hamadani, and Olakunle Alonge. "Does Long-Term Enrollment in Day-Care Maintain or Increase Early Developmental Gains—Findings from an Intervention Study in Rural Bangladesh." Children 9, no. 7 (June 21, 2022): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9070929.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: Community day-care centers (or crèches) are gaining popularity; access to these centers can reduce cognitive gaps. This paper describes the sustained impact of enrollment in day-cares on cognitive gains. Methods: As part of a larger study, a census of all children was conducted in 2012–2013 to identify children between 9 and 17 months of age in rural Bangladesh. A sub-sample of children (n = ~1000) were assigned to receive either a day-care or playpen. Children from two sub-districts were randomly selected and assessed at 9–17 months of age for cognitive and behavioral domains using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-III. The same children were then followed-up with after one year to see if the scores obtained by the children in the day-care intervention were different from those enrolled in the playpen intervention using a difference-in-difference estimator. Results: Children enrolled in the day-care intervention performed better (in communication, gross-motor, personal-social, and problem-solving domains) than children enrolled in the playpens when followed up with after a one-year period. Total scores were 0.31 (95% CI 0.141–0.472) higher (p value < 0.001) among children in the day-cares. Family care indicators as well as the child’s and mother’s weight were significantly associated with sustained and increased cognitive gains. Conclusion and relevance: The cognitive and psychosocial improvements seen with short-term exposure to structured ECD programs (day-care) were observed to be sustained over time with continued exposure. Home stimulation and parental involvement add to the long-term benefits of ECD.
9
Veraksa, A. N., D. A. Bukhalenkova, E. A. Chichinina, and O. V. Almazova. "Relationship Between the Use of Digital Devices and Personal and Emotional Development in Preschool Children." Психологическая наука и образование 26, no. 1 (2021): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/pse.2021260101.
Full textAbstract:
As the use of electronic media device is becoming widespread in preschool children, there is an obvious need to explore this new social situation of development and to analyse the effects of digital environment on children’s personality and emotional development.The paper presents data from 65 studies conducted from 2010 to 2020 which were aimed at exploring the effects of screen time and electronic content on child development at preschool age.The results suggest that viewing of inappropriate content is associated with higher aggression levels and lower levels of social skills and prosocial behavior, whereas viewing of appropriate content is associated with higher prosocial behavior and social skills level.The amount of viewing (screen time) is related to higher levels of aggressive behavior and lower levels of prosocial behavior, social skills and cognitive aspects of personality and emotional development.
10
Mao, Weiyu, Vivian W. Q. Lou, Mengting Li, and Iris Chi. "Coresidence and Well-Being among Adult Child Caregivers in Urban China: Impacts of the Domain-Specific Caregiver Burden." Social Work Research 46, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/swr/svab027.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This study investigated the relationship between coresidence and the well-being of adult child caregivers and examined the domain-specific caregiver burden as the cognitive appraisal pathway in such a relationship in the context of urban China. Data on adult child caregivers (N = 334) came from a regionally representative study using the Family Caregivers for the Frail and Very Elderly survey in 2010, in Shanghai, China. Multistage random sampling was used to collect data. The 24-item Chinese version of the Caregiver Burden Inventory was used to assess five domains of caregiver burden: time dependence, developmental, physical, social, and emotional. Well-being outcomes included depressive symptoms and self-rated health. Path analyses were used to estimate direct and indirect effects on caregiver well-being outcomes. Social burden was found to mediate the relationship between coresidence and caregiver well-being outcomes. Through the intermediary pathway of domain-specific cognitive appraisal, particularly caregiver social burden, coresidence with the care recipient exerts negative influences on caregiver well-being. Healthcare professionals, such as social workers providing support and services to caregivers, should understand the importance of assessing domain-specific burden and incorporate tailored intervention strategies to prevent or reduce social burden, especially among coresident adult child caregivers.
11
Lauderdale, LK, and LJ Miller. "Efficacy of an interactive apparatus as environmental enrichment for common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)." Animal Welfare 29, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7120/09627286.29.4.379.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental enrichment is a key component in improving the psychological and physiological well-being of animals under professional care. Environmental enrichment involves the addition of stimuli, including objects and cognitive challenges, into the environment in order to increase species-specific behaviour and provide opportunities for choice and control. The effectiveness of enrichment should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis to determine if the desired result has been achieved. Environmental enrichment devices (EEDs) can be utilised to present novel problems to animals under professional care. Here, a submerged interactive cognitive apparatus was presented to eight bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) five days a week for 18 weeks and behavioural indicators of animal welfare assessed. As a group, dolphins spent more time in social swims compared to solitary swims and more time at the bottom of the habitat than the middle or top throughout the day, even when the apparatus was not immediately available. Individuals' differences were apparent in the type and amount of engagement with the apparatus. Three dolphins engaged with the apparatus by solving it or consuming the reward. Two dolphins, D4 and D8, engaged simultaneously with the apparatus and participated in more social swimming with each other. D4 solved the interactive apparatus and engaged in more social active and solitary active behaviours. D1 and D4 increased their use of the bottom of the habitat. This study is the first report of underwater enrichment increasing dolphins time at depth throughout the day even when the enrichment device is not available. The interactive apparatus was an effective form of enrichment for dolphins participating in successful trials.
12
Beginina, Irina A., and Elena V. Ovchinnikova. "Social-demination factor and practice youth in Russia and Saratov region." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Sociology. Politology 21, no. 4 (November 22, 2021): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1818-9601-2021-21-4-381-389.
Full textAbstract:
The article on the results of sociological studies conducted in Saratov and Russia reveals the socio-demographic factors of the reproductive attitudes of young people. The analysis of the data revealed that with age the acceptable and appropriate period of birth of the first child increases, the level of childbearing in the reproductive practices of young people increases, and the responsible attitude towards the appearance of children increases. However, the majority of young people (57.3%) do not consider children as a guarantee of personal, family happiness. At the same time, decisions about contraception, pregnancy, child birth and the intervals between births are more often assigned to girls. Official registration of marriage is not a prerequisite for the birth of children, which contributes to an increase in the rate of extramarital fertility. However, the stability of the marital status contributes to the implementation of the traditional motivation for the appearance of children at the mutual desire of the spouses. The more children had parents, the more desirable and expected children in young people, but within the maximum range of 2–3 children. Parents’ large children are not transferred to children in the same amount. Young people transpose them within the framework of mostly childlessness. At the same time, she often counts on the help of the older generation in the care and upbringing of children.
13
Magistro, Daniele, Fabio Carlevaro, Francesca Magno, Martina Simon, Nicola Camp, Noel Kinrade, Massimiliano Zecca, and Giovanni Musella. "Effects of 1 Year of Lifestyle Intervention on Institutionalized Older Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 7612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147612.
Full textAbstract:
The socio-economic and health consequences of our ageing population are well documented, with older adults living in long-term care facilities amongst the frailest possessing specific and significant healthcare and social care needs. These needs may be exacerbated through the sedentary behaviour which is prevalent within care home settings. Reducing sedentary time can reduce the risk of many diseases and improve functional health, implying that improvements in health may be gained by simply helping older adults substitute time spent sitting with time spent standing or in light-intensity ambulation. This study identified the impact of 1 year of lifestyle intervention in a group of older adults living in a long-term care setting in Italy. One hundred and eleven older adults (mean age, 82.37 years; SD = 10.55 years) participated in the study. Sixty-nine older adults were in the intervention group (35 without severe cognitive decline and 34 with dementia) and 42 older adults were in the control group. Data on physical functioning, basic activities of daily living (BADL) and mood were collected 4 times, before, during (every four months) and after the 1 year of intervention. The lifestyle intervention focused on improving the amount of time spent every week in active behaviour and physical activity (minimum 150 min of weekly activities). All participants completed the training program and no adverse events, related to the program, occurred. The intervention group showed steady and significant improvements in physical functioning and a stable situation in BADL and mood following the intervention in older adults with and without dementia, whilst the control group exhibited a significant decline over time. These results suggest that engagement in a physical activity intervention may benefit care home residents with and without dementia both physically and mentally, leading to improved social care and a reduced burden on healthcare services.
14
Sloutsky, Vladimir M. "Institutional Care and Developmental Outcomes of 6- and 7-year-old Children: A Contextualist Perspective." International Journal of Behavioral Development 20, no. 1 (January 1997): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502597385487.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines effects of institutional settings on cognitive, affective, and personal development of children. Two samples consisting of 52 children, living in orphanages, and 45 kindergarten students, living with their families, were selected in Moscow, Russia; children’s ages were between 70 and 88 months. The children in both samples were compared with respect to their Wechsler scores, empathy, and level of conformity. It was found that the kindergarten children had higher Wechsler scores, a higher level of empathy, and a lower level of conformity. It was also found that the age of placement in an institution and the amount of time the child spent there were associated with Wechsler IQ score and studied measures of affective and personal development. The proposed interpretation of the detrimental institutional effects suggests that the institutions differ from the family in both the organisation of their context and in the roles of their participants. Institutional organisation is considered as a set of factors affecting the behaviours of the participants (both the children and the staff), and the process of the children’s development.
15
Stang, Edda. "Ethical decision-making in internet research – Investigating protest groups against Child Welfare Services on Facebook." Qualitative Social Work 19, no. 2 (August 27, 2018): 301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325018796120.
Full textAbstract:
At a time when both extensive international and national protest and criticisms are directed toward the Norwegian Child Welfare Services, it is of great interest to researchers to gain insight into the viewpoints presented in protest groups on social media. The paper aims to give insight into the ethical judgement involved in research on digital communities where it is difficult to decide whether certain material is public or not. In addition, the paper reflects on the social consequences of understanding some participants as vulnerable versus understanding them as citizens, in a social work/child protection context on social media. A considerable amount of literature focuses on ethical questions in Internet research. There is also literature on the ethical considerations connected to resistance and protest groups on social media. There is, however, less existing research about the ethical decision-making within the field of social work, child protection and client protests on the Internet. This paper analyses certain experiences from a qualitative research project regarding Facebook groups protesting Child Welfare Services in Norway. The paper concludes that in some social media research contexts, as the one presented here, taking extra care to anonymize participants in publications is sufficient to secure privacy, and covert collection of data is possible without jeopardizing ethical guidelines. Further, by developing practical ethical judgement, we can – in some social work contexts – avoid putting people into categories like “vulnerable” and instead approach the participants in public Facebook groups as citizens with socio-political opinions.
16
Bond, Sue. "Care Leavers’ and Their Care Workers’ Views of Preparation and Aftercare Services in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Emerging Adulthood 8, no. 1 (September 24, 2018): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167696818801106.
Full textAbstract:
Emerging adulthood is an exciting time, filled with possibilities while remaining supported. However, care leavers’ journeys into adulthood are compressed and lacking educational, financial, and social support. In South Africa, this is exacerbated by contextual factors and the absence of mandated services for care leavers. A qualitative study was conducted with four Child and Youth Care Centers in a town in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Focus groups were held with young people in care and their care workers. Discussions focused on preparation for leaving care and aftercare services and the evaluation of these by each group of participants. Care leaving preparation consisted of independent living skills programs. Aftercare services were provided on an ad hoc basis, and there was no policy with respect to services to care leavers. The findings suggest that ongoing experiential learning and implementation of in-house policies may better prepare care leavers for emerging adulthood.
17
Faltýnková, Anna, Lukas Blinka, Anna Ševčíková, and Daniela Husarova. "The Associations between Family-Related Factors and Excessive Internet Use in Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (March 8, 2020): 1754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051754.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the relationship between Excessive Internet Use (EIU) in adolescents and their family environment, namely the family type, the family economic status, the effect of parental care, the level of parental control, the amount of parental monitoring, the quality of communication, and the time spent together. The study was based on data from an international survey, Health Behaviour in School Aged Children (HBSC), conducted in Slovakia. The sample representative for adolescents included 2547 participants (51% boys) aged 13–15. Multiple-step linear regression revealed that higher parental care and parental monitoring predicted lower EIU, while higher parental overprotection and lower socioeconomic status predicted higher EIU. The results suggest that both so-called optimal parenting (i.e., the balance of emotional warmth and protection) and the adolescent′s autonomy lower the risk of EIU. Family factors explained about 14% of the variance, which suggests that aside from personal, cognitive and affective factors, a close social environment also plays an important role in adolescence EIU.
18
Belyaeva, Irina A., Alexander A. Baranov, Leyla S. Namazova-Baranova, Kamilla E. Efendieva, Polina S. Arimova, Alexey I. Molodchenkov, Elena P. Bombardirova, Georgiy A. Karkashadze, Tatiana V. Turti, and Elena A. Vishnyova. "Predictors of Cognitive Defects and Its Prevention Capabilities in Premature Infants." Pediatric pharmacology 17, no. 4 (September 23, 2020): 318–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/pf.v17i4.2164.
Full textAbstract:
The article summarizes the materials of modern publications on cognitive development of premature infants in connection with perinatal factors and parenting conditions. Leading risk predictors of cognitive defects in premature infants are severe dysmaturity by the time of birth (gestational age <27 weeks) and need for intensive care during the first weeks of life. The data of longitudinal researches of the premature infants’ development until reaching their adulthood is presented. The structure of cognitive defects in this population is studied. The most common problems were revealed in learning mathematics, operational memory and purposeful behavior and activity. Frequency of these cognitive defects is associated with both: stage of prematurity social problems of the family. Modern neurovisualization methods (diffusion weighted imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain) allows to identify the defects in child nervous system (Connectome) development already at the age of 18 months. It can be the substrate of cognitive defects, and it will allow to predict individual development pathway and implement direct corrections and interventions.
19
Kerker, Bonnie D., Erica Willheim, and J. Rebecca Weis. "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Maternal Mental Health and Early Childhood Development." American Journal of Health Promotion 37, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08901171221140641b.
Full textAbstract:
Women are particularly susceptible to mental health challenges during the perinatal period. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, much concern was raised about the impact that the associated isolation, uncertainty, grief, loss and economic upheaval would have on mental health. Women experienced a disproportionate amount of environmental strain during this time, including economic stress and challenges associated with being essential workers; stressors were perhaps most prevalent in communities of color and immigrant groups. For women who were pregnant during the height of the pandemic, it is clear that stress, anxiety, and depression were increased due to changes in medical care and decreases in social support. Increased mental health challenges in the perinatal period have been shown to impact social-emotional, cognitive and behavioral health in infants and children, so the potential consequences of the COVID-19 era are great. This paper discusses these potential impacts and describes important pathways for future research.
20
Pilch, Tadeusz. "Polish journal “Issues in Childhood Care and Education” facing the realities and educational policy of the Polish government." Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze 600, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9001.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the author was to evaluate the cognitive, descriptive and diagnostic values of the social and educational reality presented in the monthly magazine by state and local government institutions in the practice of managing the country and the life of society. According to my estimates, during the 60 years of their editorial work, “Issues in Childhood Care and Education” has included in its monthly magazine over 5,000 publications of various nature, devoted to all phenomena and problems of education, upbringing, care and development of children and youth, as well as institutions implementing a great program for educating young generation. Professional experience allowed me to highly evaluate the cognitive and diagnostic reliability of the published texts. They provide a real image of educational institutions, their work, problems with everyday life, the remarkable work of organizers, instructors and educators. They allow to assess the development value of this work for children and youth. At the same time, the knowledge of the reality allows for a critical judgement on the way of using these diagnostic and cognitive values to improve the conditions in which a Polish child lives, to improve the work of schools and care and educational institutions. The dominant style of coexistence between science and the world of politics is the artificial principle of division into problems falling under the competence of the world of science (descriptive, cognitive, diagnostic...) and the second sphere – the world of management, decisions, distribution of resources – belonging to the world of politics and other governing bodies. These are two separate worlds, the contacts and mutual communication of which either does not exist or is only instrumental in nature. Politics does not use the achievements of science, its recognition and diagnosis. And here you can find the sources of many bad decisions, failed projects, and social and economic failures.
21
Goudena, Paul P. "The Social Nature of Private Speech of Preschoolers During Problem Solving." International Journal of Behavioral Development 10, no. 2 (June 1987): 187–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502548701000204.
Full textAbstract:
Extending Vygotsky's theory, young children's private speech during problem solving is conceptualised as having a dual nature; as a reaction to the task and as, at the same time, an indirect appeal to a potentially helpful person. The interactional function of private speech is elaborated within a developmental pragmatic frame of explanation. Based on the dual nature conceptualisation of private speech, the hypothesis was tested that children would produce more private speech during problem solving following interaction with a collaborative adult than following interaction with a non-collaborative adult, the adult being non-actively present during the child's execution of the cognitive task. Twenty-two children (ages: 4 years 2 months to 4 years 10 months) participated in the experiment. Support was found for the main hypothesis. No reliable relationship was found between the amount of private speech produced and the quality of task performance. Results are discussed in relation to other studies of private speech, two of which are re-interpreted in accordance with a dual nature conceptualisation of private speech. The role of private speech in the regulation of non-verbal task performance is critically analysed. It is emphasised that private speech should be studied while taking into account the interactional framework in which the child has been functioning.
22
Jenkins, Jade Marcus, Terri J. Sabol, and George Farkas. "Double Down or Switch It Up: Should Low-Income Children Stay in Head Start for 2 Years or Switch Programs?" Evaluation Review 42, no. 3 (June 2018): 283–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193841x18786591.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Recent growth in subsidized preschool opportunities in the United States for low-income 4-year-old children has allowed federal Head Start programs to fund more slots for 3-year-old children. In turn, when Age-3 Head Start participants turn four, they may choose to switch into one of the many alternative care options or choose to stay in Head Start for a second year. Objectives: We analyze a nationally representative sample of Age-3 Head Start participants to examine whether children who stay in Head Start for a second year at Age 4 exhibit greater school readiness and subsequent cognitive and behavioral performance compared with children who switch out of Head Start into alternative care. We also examine differences between children who stay at the same Head Start center at Age 4 with those who switch to a different Head Start center. Research Design: Child fixed effects analyses coupled with inverse probability of treatment weights to remove observable, time-invariant differences between Head Start stayers and switchers. Subjects: Cohort of Age-3 Head Start attendees from the Head Start Impact Study. Measures: Child cognitive and behavioral skills assessed by trained administrators annually at ages 3–7. Results: Age-3 Head Start participants’ outcomes do not differ at the end of preschool, kindergarten, or first grade based on their choice of Age-4 program. Staying at the same Head Start center for 2 years may be beneficial for behavioral skills. Conclusions: For low-income families, there exist many equally beneficial options to support their children’s school readiness through public preschool programs.
23
Erős, Erika, and Anett Hajós. "Prevention of perinatal depression and anxiety with periconceptional care." Orvosi Hetilap 152, no. 23 (June 2011): 903–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2011.29119.
Full textAbstract:
In the public mind, pregnancy, childbirth and newborn care is one of the most wonderful living experiences. However, epidemiological studies have shown that the risks of psychiatric disorders in the perinatal period are multiplying. Pregnancy entails with dramatic physical, mental and social role changing. The birth is a big, irreversible life event, and it should also be nominated as “rite of passage”. This process represents a normative crisis during life, which needs new coping mechanisms to be developed. The stress and anxiety during the development of the fetus causes negative consequences in the short and long-term and it causes dangerous complications for the mother, too. During postpartum period, the incidence of major depression is approximately 15-20% that most frequently occurs within 6 months after birth but until the child is 2 years old it can develop any time. Serious risks of the postpartum depression are suicide and infanticide. In addition, it also represents serious teratogenic effects of cognitive and psychomotor development of children. It makes harder to recognize that the symptoms are largely the same as in any other stage of depression occurring during lifetime, but some of the symptoms compliant of normal pregnancy and the postpartum period. In addition, the majorities of women recognize heavily the problem and visit a doctor, because based of social expectations they should feel happiness. After the disclosure of risk factors and securing preventive conditions, preparing to be a mother is effective in prevention of development of perinatal depression. The effective therapy is primarily based on the coaching approach, and requires multi-directional approach. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 903–908.
24
Al-Aqeel, Sinaa, Lamya Alnaim, Jeelan Alghaith, and Latifa Almosabhi. "Cancer Impacts on Out-of-Pocket Expenses, Income Loss, and Informal (Unpaid) Care: A Cross-Sectional Study of Patient Perspective." Journal of Patient Experience 8 (January 2021): 237437352110496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23743735211049651.
Full textAbstract:
A paper-based questionnaire was used to measure out-of-pocket expenses, income loss, and informal (unpaid) care from the cancer patient’s perspective. A total of 181 adult solid cancer patients on chemotherapy for at least 3 months were recruited from 1 teaching hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The majority were female (66%) and 41% were 60 years of age or older. A total of 107 respondents used their own car for transport to and from the hospital to receive chemotherapy (median distance 42 km). Over the last 4 weeks, 21% purchased medications, 18% visited a physician, and 8% visited a physiotherapist, spending a median amount of $47, $220, and $793, respectively. A total of 47 participants were employed at the time of their cancer diagnoses, and 32% of them reported some loss of income. A total of 85% of respondents were escorted by a carer during chemotherapy sessions. Approximately 64%, 31%, 61%, 43%, and 28% reported getting help from a carer for housework, child care, shopping, medicine taking, and personal care, respectively. The carer spent on average 50 h per week looking after the patient.
25
Hacker, J. David, Jonas Helgertz, Matt A. Nelson, and Evan Roberts. "The Influence of Kin Proximity on the Reproductive Success of American Couples, 1900–1910." Demography 58, no. 6 (October 4, 2021): 2337–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00703370-9518532.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Children require a large amount of time, effort, and resources to raise. Physical help, financial contributions, medical care, and other types of assistance from kin and social network members allow couples to space births closer together while maintaining or increasing child survival. We examine the impact of kin availability on couples' reproductive success in the early twentieth-century United States with a panel data set of over 3.1 million couples linked between the 1900 and 1910 U.S. censuses. Our results indicate that kin proximity outside the household was positively associated with fertility, child survival, and net reproduction, and suggest that declining kin availability was an important contributing factor to the fertility transition in the United States. We also find important differences between maternal and paternal kin inside the household—including higher fertility among women residing with their mother-in-law than among those residing with their mother—that support hypotheses related to the contrasting motivations and concerns of parents and parents-in-law.
26
Turner, Rachael, Erin Harrington, and Celinda Reese-Melancon. "Caregiving during the Covid-19 pandemic: Factors associated with caregiver stress and cognition." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2950.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Caregivers are critical in helping persons with dementia (PWD) live at home longer, but the caregiving experience is associated with increased risk of physical (Vitaliano et al., 2003; Son et al., 2007; Fonareva & Oken, 2014) and cognitive decline among caregivers (Pertle et al., 2015; Lathan et al., 2016; Vitaliano et al., 2017). The present study examined the caregiver experience during the time of the Covid-19 pandemic including factors associated with caregiver stress, burden, and self-reported cognition (i.e., prospective and retrospective memory errors). In a sample of 56 caregivers of PWD, caregiver stress was positively associated with reports of greater life change resulting from Covid-19 and a greater frequency of care recipient depressive and disruptive behaviors; however, caregiver stress was not associated with care recipient memory problems. Additionally, caregiver burden was negatively associated with ratings of preparedness for the pandemic, but not with availability of support services or the amount of time spent caregiving. Further, frequencies of prospective and retrospective memory mistakes were positively associated with perceived stress, but not with caregiver burden. These findings reveal that caregivers of PWD report greater experiences of stress associated with the Covid-19 pandemic and other facets of their caregiving responsibilities (e.g., care recipient depressive and disruptive behaviors, frequency of memory mistakes). This work is a first step in identifying areas in which caregivers need assistance and expanding the literature on caregiver cognition by measuring self-reported everyday memory performance.
27
Kobayashi, Erika. "When Does Support to Adult Children Negatively Affect the Subjective Well-Being of Older Japanese?" Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 419–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1626.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Providing time and money to adult children may enhance perceived usefulness and consequently the subjective well-being (SWB) of older parents. However, non-reciprocal relationships with children and conflicts with leisure activities could negatively affect parents’ SWB. It was hypothesized that a substantial amount of support to children would be associated with lower SWB when older parents (a) had a low expectation of receiving long-term care from the children, and (b) were engaged in hobbies/learning activities. Life satisfaction and depressive symptoms measured as SWB were predicted based on the Generalized Estimating Equations, using panel data (2012-2017) with a nationwide representative sample of Japanese adults aged 60 years and older (1,212 parents). Providing child-rearing support (i.e., grandchild care) of 30 hours or more per month was positively associated with SWB regardless of conditions (a) and (b). Hypothesis (b) was partially supported: providing financial support enhanced depressive symptoms among older adults with hobbies/learning.
28
Michael, Mary Chi. "532 - “Mapping the Lived Experiences: The Dyad Journey of People with Agitation in Alzheimer’s and Their Care Partners”." International Psychogeriatrics 33, S1 (October 2021): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610221002271.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractA substantial amount of analysis has been dedicated to understanding the individual journeys of the “patient” and the “caregiver” in Alzheimer’s disease. This work has provided valuable insights, but a few priorities remain:how is the lived experience journey in Alzheimer’s shaped by the complexities of agitation and other behavioral aspects of the disease;how can insights from “social listening” analysis structure our understanding of these journeys;how can we understand the dyad journey of the person with Alzheimer’s and the care partner as well as the interactions therein, particularly through the lens of agitation.This project, “Mapping the Lived Experiences” recasts the Alzheimer’s journey to better reflect these priorities. We offer a visual interpretation of the journey with the rationale and proof points that underpin it.“Mapping the Lived Experiences” prioritizes agitation and other behavioral aspects of Alzheimer’s as pivotal, enduring challenges on the disease journey. We frame the journey into two overarching phases: “the first loss,” which accounts for the more widely recognized symptoms of the disease, such as memory loss and declining cognitive function; and “the second loss,” which is characterized by agitation and behavioral aspects of the disease. We structure the journey around “milestone moments” – moments when both the person with Alzheimer’s and the care partner recognize that the disease has taken a major progression.The “milestones” moment framework reflects an interpretive framework developed through an ongoing “social listening” research project. This social listening research allows analysis of the online conversation as it is happening in social channels and discussion boards, and it provides a poignant counterpoint to quantitative market research insofar as it illuminates the unfiltered, unmitigated experiences as articulated by the people who are learning in real-time to manage and live with Alzheimer’s. From social listening insights and analysis, our research posits that journeys – for both the person with Alzheimer’s and the care partner – are not linear, straight-line trajectories, but jagged, fragmented paths marked by “milestone moments” that shape thinking, understanding, and behavior.“Mapping the Lived Experiences” offers a dyad visualization and articulations, as it fuses the journeys of the person with lived experience and the care partner together in the same visual space. This approach reveals how, over time, these journey relate, inform, and ultimately depart from one another. This dyad offers new insights into both the lived experience and care partner journeys.
29
Timmons, Brian W., Patti-Jean Naylor, and Karin A. Pfeiffer. "Physical activity for preschool children — how much and how?This article is part of a supplement entitledAdvancing physical activity measurement and guidelines in Canada: a scientific review and evidence-based foundation for the future of Canadian physical activity guidelinesco-published byApplied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolismand theCanadian Journal of Public Health. It may be cited as Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 32(Suppl. 2E) or as Can. J. Public Health 98(Suppl. 2)." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 32, S2E (November 2007): S122—S134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h07-112.
Full textAbstract:
Alarming trends in childhood obesity even among preschool children have re-focused attention on the importance of physical activity in this age group. With this increased attention comes the need to identify the amount and type of physical activity appropriate for optimal development of preschool children. The purpose of this paper is to provide the scientific evidence to support a link between physical activity and biological and psychosocial development during early childhood (ages 2–5 years). To do so, we summarize pertinent literature informing the nature of the physical activity required to promote healthy physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development during these early years. A particular focus is on the interaction between physical activity and motor skill acquisition. Special emphasis is also placed on the nature of physical activity that promotes healthy weight gain during this period of childhood. The paper also discusses the strongest determinants of physical activity in preschool-age children, including the role of the child’s environment (e.g., family, child-care, and socio-economic status). We provide recommendations for physical activity based on the best available evidence, and identify future research needs.
30
Timmons, Brian W., Patti-Jean Naylor, and Karin A. Pfeiffer. "L’activité physique des enfants d’âge préscolaire — somme et méthode?Cet article est tiré d’un supplément intituléAdvancing physical activity measurement and guidelines in Canada: a scientific review and evidence-based foundation for the future of Canadian physical activity guidelines(Favoriser les lignes directrices et la mesure de l’activité physique au Canada: examen scientifique et justification selon les données probantes pour l’avenir des lignes directrices de l’activité physique canadienne) publié parPhysiologie appliquée, nutrition et métabolismeet laRevue canadienne de santé publique. On peut aussi mentionner Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 32 (Suppl. 2F) ou Can. J. Public Health 98 (Suppl. 2)." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 32, S2F (December 2007): S136—S149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h07-166.
Full textAbstract:
Alarming trends in childhood obesity even among preschool children have re-focused attention on the importance of physical activity in this age group. With this increased attention comes the need to identify the amount and type of physical activity appropriate for optimal development of preschool children. The purpose of this paper is to provide the scientific evidence to support a link between physical activity and biological and psychosocial development during early childhood (ages 2–5 years). To do so, we summarize pertinent literature informing the nature of the physical activity required to promote healthy physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development during these early years. A particular focus is on the interaction between physical activity and motor skill acquisition. Special emphasis is also placed on the nature of physical activity that promotes healthy weight gain during this period of childhood. The paper also discusses the strongest determinants of physical activity in preschool-age children, including the role of the child’s environment (e.g., family, child-care, and socio-economic status). We provide recommendations for physical activity based on the best available evidence, and identify future research needs.
31
Fracasso, Maria P., Michael E. Lamb, Axel Schölmerich, and Birgit Leyendecker. "The Ecology of Mother-Infant Interaction in Euro-American and Immigrant Central American Families Living in the United States." International Journal of Behavioral Development 20, no. 2 (February 1997): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502597385298.
Full textAbstract:
In an attempt to explore cultural and subcultural similarities and variations in the patterns of child care, two culturally and economically distinct groups were studied. Twenty-one 3-month-old infants had well-educated Euro-American mothers and another 17 had recently migrated Central American mothers. Observations of parent-infant interaction and behaviour were conducted at home throughout the day to ensure coverage of complete 12-hour cycles. Descriptive analyses revealed remarkable similarities and few differences in the everyday experiences of infants in these two diverse groups. Both groups of mothers spent most of their time playing with, feeding, or caring for their infants. Fathers spent little time with their infants during the day but their presence affected the amount of time spent in various contexts, with significantly less object play occurring when the fathers were present. Mother and infant vocalisations and mutual attention occurred more frequently during social interaction and caretaking than in bouts of feeding. These descriptive profiles expand our basic understanding of infants’ everyday experiences in diverse subcultural groups.
32
Irastorza, L. J. "Treatment of ADHD secondary to traumatic brain injury." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72951-0.
Full textAbstract:
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder secondary to traumatic brain injury (ADHD/TBI) is one of the most common neurobehavioral consequences of TBI, occurring in 20% to 50% of individuals post-injury. Some of the most persistent problems include impairment in memory, attention and concentration, language, executive skills, social judgment, social behavior, and impulsiveness.A female patient is presented with TBI and cognitive symptoms and behavior compatible with ADHD. The treatment with methylphenidate was useful for the behavioral problems. The 23 years old woman suffered 3 years earlier a car accident, causing severe TBI and polytrauma. She was in a coma with a CGS of 4 and 41 days in the intensive care unit. She received rehabilitation and continued to suffer from diplopia and posture alteration, semantic paraphasia, child-like behavior, and neuropsychological problems (reading comprehension, slow mental processing, inhibition control deficit, and memory loss).During her visits to my MHC, she was often euphoric and made inappropriate comments and occasionally became angry. She did not have psychiatric antecedents prior to the TBI. Scales were used to diagnose post-traumatic ADHD. The patient was then treated with methylphenidate. After titration, the dosage reached was 0,3 mg/kg. After 4 months, the child-like behavior disappeared and interpersonal relations became more fluid, with less irritability.Stimulants have frequently been used in the treatment of behavioral and cognitive consequences of TBI in both children and adults. This clinical case demonstrates that the use of methylphenidate is favored for an extended period of time in patients suffering from behavioral and emotional consequences of TBI.
33
Wobie, Kathleen, Fonda Davis Eyler, Michael Conlon, Leslie Clarke, and Marylou Behnke. "Women and Children in Residential Treatment: Outcomes for Mothers and Their Infants." Journal of Drug Issues 27, no. 3 (July 1997): 585–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269702700309.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the relationship between the living arrangement of mother and baby in a residential treatment center and measures of self-esteem, depression and parenting sense of competence and a woman's length of stay and completion or non-completion of treatment. Scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley 1969) are also examined by the amount of time the baby spent with mother, an arrangement that affords the opportunity for the child to participate in the facility's therapeutic child care center. Findings suggest that the earlier a mother's infant resides with her in the treatment setting, the longer her length of stay will be, with an increased opportunity for program completion. In addition, measures of depression were lower and measures of self-esteem were higher for women with their babies than for clients who did not have their infant in the treatment facility. Scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development were within normal limits for all infants living with their mothers in treatment.
34
HENMAN, PAUL, and KYLE MITCHELL. "Estimating the Cost of Contact for Non-resident Parents: A Budget Standards Approach." Journal of Social Policy 30, no. 3 (July 2001): 495–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279401006341.
Full textAbstract:
Most Western countries have, for some time, provided income support and/or taxation relief to parents with children in their care. The significant amount of research into the costs of children to couple and sole parent households has been important in assessing and developing family support policies. Changing societal expectations about the level of involvement of fathers in child rearing activities has highlighted the need to understand the costs facing usually male non-resident parents in having contact with their children. The budget standards methodology is used in this paper to estimate the costs for non-resident parents exercising regular contact with their children. Costs of contact are found to be high. For contact with one child for 20 per cent of the year, costs of contact represent about 40 per cent of the costs of that same child in an intact couple household with a medium income and more than half of the costs of that child in a household with low income. Household infrastructure and transportation is the reason for high costs. One implication of this finding is that the total cost of children substantially increases when parents separate. The article discusses some policy implications of these findings. This research is of relevance to social security, taxation, family law and child support policies and administration.
35
Williams, Amy, Christy Turer, Jamie Smith, Isabelle Nievera, Laura McCulloch, Nuha Wareg, Megan Clary, et al. "Adoption of an Electronic Medical Record Tool for Childhood Obesity by Primary Care Providers." Applied Clinical Informatics 11, no. 02 (March 2020): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1705106.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Primary care providers are tasked with the increasingly difficult job of addressing childhood obesity during clinic visits. Electronic medical record (EMR)-enabled decision-support tools may aid providers in this task; however, information is needed regarding whether providers perceive such tools to be useful for addressing nutrition and physical activity lifestyle behaviors. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness and usability of FitTastic, an EMR-enabled tool to support prevention and management of childhood obesity in primary care. Methods In this mixed-method study, we implemented the FitTastic tool in two primary-care clinics, then surveyed and conducted focused interviews with providers. Validated Technology Acceptance Model perceived usefulness and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) perceived usability survey questions were e-mailed to 60 providers. In-depth provider interviews with family medicine and pediatric physicians (n = 12) were used to further probe adoption of FitTastic. Results Surveys were completed by 73% of providers (n = 44). The mean score for FitTastic's usefulness was 3.3 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.54, scale 1–5, where 5 is strongly agree) and usability, 4.8 (SD = 0.86, scale 1–7, where 7 is strongly agree). Usefulness and usability scores were associated with intention to use FitTastic (correlation for both, p < 0.05). Data from provider interviews indicated that useful features of FitTastic included: standardizing the approach to childhood obesity, and facilitating conversations about weight management, without increasing cognitive workload. However, use of FitTastic required more time from nurses to input lifestyle data. Conclusion FitTastic is perceived as a useful and usable EMR-based lifestyle behavior tool that standardizes, facilitates, and streamlines healthy lifestyle conversations with families. Perceived usability and usefulness scores correlated with provider intention-to-use the technology. These data suggest that EMR-based child obesity prevention and management tools can be feasible to use in the clinic setting, with potential for scalability. Usefulness can be optimized by limiting amount of time needed by staff to input data.
36
Segal, Hugh, Keith Banting, and Evelyn Forget. "The need for a federal Basic Income feature within any coherent post-COVID-19 economic recovery plan." FACETS 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 394–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2021-0015.
Full textAbstract:
COVID-19 has shone a harsh light on the extent of poverty in Canada. When normal economic activity was interrupted by the exigencies of public health driven lockdowns, the shutdown disproportionately affected people who, before the pandemic, were living on incomes beneath the poverty line or dependent upon low-paying hourly remunerated jobs, usually part time and without appropriate benefits. Those living beneath the poverty line in Canada, three million of welfare poor and working poor, include a disproportionately large population of Black and Indigenous people and people of colour. This paper addresses the challenge of inclusive economic recovery. In particular, we propose that the federal government introduce a Basic Income guarantee for all residents of Canada as part of a comprehensive social safety net that includes access to housing, child care, mental and physical health care, disability supports, education, and the many other public services essential to life in a high-income country. Residents with no other income would receive the full benefit that would be sufficient to ensure that no one lives in poverty, while those with low incomes would receive a reduced amount.
37
GOODIN, ROBERT E. "Temporal Justice." Journal of Social Policy 39, no. 1 (September 18, 2009): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279409990225.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractDistributive justice is ordinarily calibrated in monetary terms. But money is not the only resource that matters to people. Talk of the ‘work−life balance’ points to another: time. Control over one's time, the capacity to spend it as one wishes, is another important resource; and its distribution raises another important aspect of justice. Here I describe a new method of distinguishing how much time one has discretionary control over, net of the amount it is necessary to spend in certain ways given one's circumstances. To draw out the distributive-justice implications of these calculations, I contrast the most-to-least privileged, in terms of discretionary time: a person in a dual-earner couple with no children, versus a lone mother. The magnitude of the gap between the discretionary time enjoyed by the best and worst is a measure of temporal injustice. That gap is substantially larger in some countries (such as the US and Australia) than in others (such as Finland and Sweden). Conventional welfare-state interventions – tax and transfer systems, support for child care – contribute pretty similarly to reducing that particular gap across all the countries examined. Differing practices surrounding the dissolution of marriages with children potentially makes a much bigger difference. Differing labour-market policies might make a similarly large difference yet again.
38
Matthews, Laura T., and Samuel J. Marwit. "Examining the Assumptive World Views of Parents Bereaved by Accident, Murder, and Illness." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 48, no. 2 (March 2004): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/kcb0-nnvb-ugy6-npyr.
Full textAbstract:
The present study examines the impact of various types of loss on the assumptive world views of bereaved parents. The World Assumptions Scale (WAS) and the Revised Grief Experience Inventory were administered to 135 parents bereaved by homicide ( N = 64), accident ( N = 37), and illness ( N = 34), and to non-bereaved control parents ( N = 30). Bereaved parents held more negative views of the benevolence of the world and reported lower self-worth. No differences were found on the meaningfulness of the world dimension. Parents bereaved by unexpected deaths (homicides and accidents) demonstrated more negative views on benevolence than parents bereaved by expected deaths (illnesses). Parents bereaved by homicide demonstrated the lowest sense of self-worth. Parents bereaved by fatal illness demonstrated the most negative meaningfulness scores. WAS scores were highly predictive of grief intensity; the gender of the deceased child and amount of time elapsed since death were not. Results were compared to earlier findings, and clinical implications are discussed herein.
39
Morozova, E. A., and M. L. Ertakhova. "Outcomes of neuroinfections and their predictors." Russian Journal of Child Neurology 15, no. 3-4 (February 26, 2021): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/2073-8803-2020-15-3-4-55-64.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the success of vaccine prophylaxis and therapy, neuroinfections remain a serious problem due to the epidemic threat, high mortality and residual disabling and maladaptive neurological deficits in half of the cases.The aim of the literature review was to study modern publications concerning the dynamics of the infectious process in the central nervous system, the nature and predictors of its outcome in children.The results confirmed the effectiveness of social modification with the help of vaccination, guidelines and increased availability of medical care, leading to a decrease in mortality and morbidity of vaccine-controlled neuroinfections. At the same time, the general morbidity and due to the severity of complications and structural acute phase defect post-infectious neurological deficit in the form of epilepsy, motor, cognitive and behavioral disorders remain the same.The study of the outcomes of neuroinfections, their clinic and treatment at all stages, including the remote one, is necessary to develop an optimal protocol for the treatment and rehabilitation of children who have undergone meningitis and encephalitis in order to improve their quality of life.
40
Richards, Wayne, Teresa Filipponi, Anne-Marie Coll, and Jamal Ameen. "Exploring the Views of Dentists and Dental Support Staff Regarding Multiple Caries in Children." Oral 1, no. 3 (July 9, 2021): 199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/oral1030020.
Full textAbstract:
This paper explores the reasons for multiple caries in children from the viewpoint of clinical practice, namely General Dental Practitioners (GDPs) and their teams, to identify obstacles to reducing inequalities in caries experience. The context of the research is the distribution of dental caries in UK communities where disease prevalence correlates with deprivation and these sub-groups are not attending for dental care on a regular basis. A focus group of dentists, along with individual interviews with dentists and dental support staff were chosen to explore the perceptions of GDPs, Dental Therapists, and Dental Nurses. The content analysis of the data highlighted six main themes. These included sugar, in terms of the amount, availability and the marketing of it; socioeconomic associations with dental caries experience; the dentists’ role; the National Health Service (NHS) dental contract in terms of time-constraints in meeting targets and finally, the management of the child with multiple caries. This research suggests that there are possible barriers to the delivery of equitable care to populations. These include availability and access to GDPs along with the perceptions held by GDPs. Training aimed to develop a targeted behavioural approach towards deprived sub-groups is required in order to avoid unintended social exclusion.
41
Ruben, Robert J. "Diagnosis of Deafness in Infancy." Pediatrics In Review 9, no. 5 (November 1, 1987): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.9.5.163.
Full textAbstract:
In the past 20 years, the prospects for hearing-impaired infants have improved significantly. It is now possible to diagnose deafness even in neonates and premature infants and to provide care that can prevent or ameliorate some of the most devastating effects of hearing loss. There have been steady advances in surgical and other medical procedures and in habilitation techniques. The value of many forms of therapy, however, depends greatly on how early intervention occurs. Approximately one in 1,000, or 0.1%, of all infants are severely to profoundly deaf; their problems are permanent and pervasive. An estimated four to ten times as many infants suffer from hearing loss that is either unilateral or less than profound. Hearing deficits affect language acquisition and consequently cognitive, social, and emotional growth. Behavioral and biologic evidence points to a critical time for linguistic development. Children normally master the language they hear around them by the age of 4 or 5 years, when they become competent to comprehend and produce all the variations of sentence construction found in adult speech. In this same period, deaf children can be taught sign language. The aptitude and flexibility for language acquisition diminishs with age. Early language deprivation results in permanent impairment. Infants suspected of having hearing loss can be evaluated by means of auditory-evoked potentials, recently developed technology available at audiologic facilities throughout the country.
42
Brager, Jenna, Susan Breitenstein, Chakra Budhathoki, and Deborah Gross. "Does Level of Engagement in a Digital Parent Training Program Impact Improvements in Parenting and Child Outcomes?" Iproceedings 5, no. 1 (October 2, 2019): e15104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15104.
Full textAbstract:
Background Approximately 8% to 10% of children younger than 5 years of age experience emotional, behavioral, and social relationship problems. These children are more likely to exhibit poor social interactions, problematic parent–child relationships, and school related setbacks, thus reinforcing the need for early interventions such as parent training programs. The ezParent program is a tablet-based delivery adaptation of the group-based Chicago Parent Program, a program designed to address the needs of families raising young children in urban poverty. The growing interest in and adoption of mHealth has changed the way people receive and seek treatment and the way clinicians deliver care. Despite the usefulness of mHealth apps in helping people manage various aspects of health, people’s use of those technologies often lasts only for a short period of time. This suggests a need to delve more deeply into user behaviors. Objective The purpose of this study was to (1) classify levels of engagement by identifying individual usage of ezParent based on observed user activity (ie, “metadata”) and (2) examine whether levels of ezParent engagement is associated with changes in parenting and child behavior over time (ie, parenting stress, self-efficacy, warmth, follow through, punishment, child behavior problems and intensity). Methods This study used a single-group, pre- and posttest design with repeated measures follow-up. Survey measures were collected at baseline (T1), 12 weeks postbaseline (T2) and 24 weeks postbaseline (T3). The study included 92 parents with data collected from two pediatric primary care clinics based in two urban cities with a high proportion of low income and minority families: Chicago, Illinois (cohort 1) and Baltimore, Maryland (cohort 2). Engagement was conceptualized based on total number of modules completed, amount of time spent in the program, and number of skills saved by the parent. Each outcome variable was modeled using a separate mixed-effects model to determine the model of best fit and was analyzed across time and level of engagement. Results Overall, 78 parents logged in to the ezParent program. The data aggregation resulted in 41 parents categorized as high engagers (cohort 1 n=29; cohort 2 n=12) and 37 parents as low engagers (cohort 1 n=13; cohort 2 n=24). Significant differences were across all outcome variables: parenting stress (P<.05), self-efficacy (P<.05), warmth (P<.05), punishment (P<.05), follow-through (P<.05), child behavior intensity (P<.05), and child behavior problems (P<.05). Although parenting outcomes improved, improvements were not significantly associated with levels of engagement. Conclusions This study provides insight into engagement of parents participating in a digitally delivered parent training program. Although level of engagement was not associated with improvements in parenting and child outcomes, we were able to systematically identify and test key usage metrics to ope rationalize engagement. This indicates that further study may help researchers identify other usage metrics more indicative of engagement. By exploring usage data, researchers, app developers, and clinicians can better understand how users engage with future tablet-based interventions.
43
Breithaupt, Andrew G., Kathleen C. Thomas, Connie S. Wong, Gary B. Mesibov, and Joseph P. Morrissey. "Finding Common Ground: Exploring Undergraduate Student Volunteering as a Support for Parents of Children With Autism." Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities 32, no. 3 (October 8, 2015): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088357615610112.
Full textAbstract:
There are many unmet needs among parents of children with autism for parent respite and social time for their children. The use of undergraduate student volunteers is a potential strategy for meeting some of these needs. Separate focus groups for parents and for undergraduates were convened to assess feasibility, comfort, reservations, and mutual interest in this approach. Both parents and students identified common ground over undergraduate volunteer services, and described the boundaries of participation within which they felt comfortable. Findings suggest that student-provided respite care is a feasible support for parents raising children with autism and for students seeking volunteer and career-orientation experiences.
44
Tefera, Gashaye Melaku, Erin Robinson, and Geunhye Park. "FAMILY CAREGIVING IN LTC SETTINGS DURING THE PANDEMIC: COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES AND LEVERAGING TECHNOLOGY." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.108.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract COVID19 related lockdown and protocols caused disruptions in family caregiving for older adults living in LTC settings. However, there is a paucity of research on the challenges and experiences of family caregivers in maintaining their caregiving role during the pandemic. Hence, this qualitative study explores family caregivers’ communication challenges and the role technology played in performing their caregiving roles. One-on-one in-depth interviews (N=25) were conducted with family caregivers (Mean age= 59.7; 92% female; 76% child) via phone/Zoom. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analyzed using Nvivo12. Findings demonstrate that family caregivers of older adults in LTC settings experienced severe communication barriers with staff at those facilities in the early onset of the pandemic, including delays of important information about their care recipients. Participants highlighted high staff turnover, inadequate training, staff unfamiliarity with technology, and poor internet connections as perpetuating communication barriers. During this time, their older care recipients experienced visual and hearing impairments that affected their ability to communicate, as well as cognitive decline. Despite this, family caregivers were able to successfully utilize various forms of technology to continue providing care supports and social support to their loved ones. Although participants relied on phone calls and email communications, they also used other platforms including Zoom, FaceTime, Nixplay, and TextNow. Participants used devices including landline phones, cellphones, computers, tablets, Ipads, and walkie-talkies to execute their communication. Implications of this study suggest that improving access and utilization of technology in LTC settings can enhance family caregiving during unprecedented events like the COVID19 pandemic.
45
Tittlová, Marcela. "NEGLECT OF SENIORS AS A FORM OF DOMESIC VIOLENCE." CBU International Conference Proceedings 6 (September 27, 2018): 810–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v6.1253.
Full textAbstract:
The neglect of seniors is new and more current problem in society nowadays. Originally. Domestic violence in criminological sources was limited just on violence against women, later child victims was emerged. Quite late relating to documents adopted by European Union (Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on ‘Elder abuse’ in 2008) the problem of domestic violence has extended on seniors as another category of possible victims. The submitted report addresses the current and new phenomenon which requires consistent criminological behaviour as the basis for possible solutions in the legal order. Neglect of seniors, as new social phenomenon, requires rigorous examination in the light of the area of this term, as well as causes for which it occurs. The originators of this negative social phenomenon are considered to be not only children and grandchildren, but in some cases also subject (institutions) which are obliged to provide care for seniors on a contractual basis or ex lege. The forms of neglect are based on general knowledge about domestic violence and are not beyond the framework of this phenomenon. Otherwise it is for the causes which are ground for violent behaviour of seniors because of necessity to be found in originators of violent forms of behaviour. Such causes include economic (financial, property) reason, as well as overworking, stress, lack of time on the side of the aggressors covering the lack of interest to care of the senior. The consequences of this violent behavior are very serious in the case of seniors because of the physical, psychological and financial possibilities of seniors often do not allow them to help and care any other way. The neglect of seniors is consistently showing very high latency. Only its versatile examination (criminological, legal and in terms of victims) can lead to effective control of this kind of crime. As a new social phenomenon, it is only very rarely determined in available sources, which is the reason why there is only a minimal amount of knowledge about the neglect of seniors. This negative phenomenon is needed to be thoroughly explored, which is the basis for its solution.
46
Coleman, William L., and Melvin D. Levine. "Attention Deficits in Adolescence: Description, Evaluation, and Management." Pediatrics In Review 9, no. 9 (March 1, 1988): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.9.9.287.
Full textAbstract:
Attention deficits may persist through childhood and into adolescence or they first may become manifest in adolescence. Their manifestations are often more subtle but Severe enough to exact a significant toll on academic performance. Associated learning disabilities, behavioral problems, and affective dysfunction, especially low self-esteem, are frequent concomitants or complications. On the other hand, some traits (such as creativity) of attention deficits may serve as redemptive features. Evaluation necessitates a systematic gathering, synthesis, and interpretation of a vast amount of information as well as direct testing and observation. Compensatory strengths and other positive attributes should be elicited and mobilized. Management should be individually tailored to the adolescent's specific needs and resources and implemented in a stepwise fashion. Intervention is usually multimodal, because attention deficits invariably affect several areas of function: academic, behavioral, social, and emotional. Management might include educational interventions, counseling, cognitive behavior therapy, behavior modification, and pharmacotherapy. Management should always include demystification, construction of a functional profile, specific advice-giving, encouragement, advocacy, and long-term follow-up, roles for which the pediatrician is especially qualified. With increased awareness of the plight of adolescents with attention deficits, the pediatrician, working closely with other professionals, has an extraordinary opportunity to minimize the accusations, suffering, and maladaptive, self-destructive behaviors that have been so much a part of the adolescent's condition in the past. As we become more sensitive to the effects of endogenous dysfunction during adolescence, it will become increasingly possible to redeem the struggling young people in their own eyes and in the eyes of important adults in their lives. Optimal evaluation and treatment is likely to be taxing, time-consuming, and expensive for all involved. However, the price of neglect, false attributions, and failure will be far higher.
47
Wang, Jinjiao, Thomas V. Caprio, Adam Simning, jingjing Shang, Yeates Conwell, Fang Yu, and Yue Li. "ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HOME HEALTH SERVICE USE AND FACILITY ADMISSION IN OLDER ADULTS WITH AND WITHOUT DEMENTIA." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3224.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This study is a secondary analysis of the Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) and administrative billing records of 6,153 adults ≥ 65 years old who received home health (HH) from a not-for-profit HH agency in upstate New York in CY 2017. We evaluated the association between the use of home health services (HH) with the hazard of unplanned facility admissions among Medicare patients with and without Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD). Outcome was time from HH start of care to an unplanned facility admission of any type, including the hospital, nursing home, or rehabilitation facility. Independent variables included weekly intensity (visits/week, hours/week) of each discipline, including skilled nursing (SN), physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT), social work (SW), and home health aide (HA), separately. ADRD was identified by diagnosis (ICD-10 codes) and cognitive impairment (M1700, M1710, M1740 [OASIS]). In multivariable Cox Proportional hazard models that adjusted for time-varying effects of HH intensity, receiving the highest intensity of SN (3.3 visits of 2.78 hours per week) and PT (2.5 visits of 2 hours per week) was related to up to a 54% and 86% decrease, respectively, in the hazard of unplanned facility admission among patients with ADRD (n=1,525), and decreases of 56% and 90% respectively among patients without ADRD (n=4,628). This is the first study in the United States showing that receiving a sufficient amount and appropriate mix of HH services was associated with substantially reduced risk of unplanned facility admission among patients with ADRD by up to 86%.
48
Kinuthia, John, Keshet Ronen, Jennifer A. Unger, Wenwen Jiang, Daniel Matemo, Trevor Perrier, Lusi Osborn, et al. "SMS messaging to improve retention and viral suppression in prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programs in Kenya: A 3-arm randomized clinical trial." PLOS Medicine 18, no. 5 (May 24, 2021): e1003650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003650.
Full textAbstract:
Background Pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV (WLWH) need support for HIV and maternal child health (MCH) care, which could be provided using short message service (SMS). Methods and findings We compared 2-way (interactive) and 1-way SMS messaging to no SMS in a 3-arm randomized trial in 6 MCH clinics in Kenya. Messages were developed using the Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive Theory; HIV messages were integrated into an existing MCH SMS platform. Intervention participants received visit reminders and prespecified weekly SMS on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and MCH, tailored to their characteristics and timing. Two-way participants could message nurses as needed. Clinic attendance, viral load (VL), and infant HIV results were abstracted from program records. Primary outcomes were viral nonsuppression (VL ≥1,000 c/ml), on-time clinic attendance, loss to follow-up from clinical care, and infant HIV-free survival. Among 824 pregnant women randomized between November 2015 and May 2017, median age was 27 years, gestational age was 24.3 weeks, and time since initiation of ART was 1.0 year. During follow-up to 2 years postpartum, 9.8% of 3,150 VL assessments and 19.6% of women were ever nonsuppressed, with no significant difference in 1-way versus control (11.2% versus 9.6%, adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.02 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67 to 1.54], p = 0.94) or 2-way versus control (8.5% versus 9.6%, aRR 0.80 [95% CI 0.52 to 1.23], p = 0.31). Median ART adherence and incident ART resistance did not significantly differ by arm. Overall, 88.9% (95% CI 76.5 to 95.7) of visits were on time, with no significant differences between arms (88.2% in control versus 88.6% in 1-way and 88.8% in 2-way). Incidence of infant HIV or death was 3.01/100 person-years (py), with no significant difference between arms; risk of infant HIV infection was 0.94%. Time to postpartum contraception was significantly shorter in the 2-way arm than control. Study limitations include limited ability to detect improvement due to high viral suppression and visit attendance and imperfect synchronization of SMS reminders to clinic visits. Conclusions Integrated HIV/MCH messaging did not improve HIV outcomes but was associated with improved initiation of postpartum contraception. In programs where most women are virally suppressed, targeted SMS informed by VL data may improve effectiveness. Rigorous evaluation remains important to optimize mobile health (mHealth) interventions. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02400671.
49
Salley, Jessica, Libby Crook, Taylor Iske, Angela Ciccia, and Jennifer P. Lundine. "Acute and Long-Term Services for Elementary and Middle School Children With Early Childhood Brain Injury." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 30, no. 2S (April 16, 2021): 908–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00045.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the rates of referral to and receipt of acute and long-term services and identify factors that could impact these rates for children who experienced an acquired brain injury (ABI) during early childhood who are now in elementary and middle school. Method This was a retrospective chart review and prospective phone survey of 29 caregivers of children with ABIs. Results Acutely, two thirds of this sample received hospital-based rehabilitation services, but only 44.8% of families reported receiving ABI-specific education or a referral to educational or rehabilitation services at the time of discharge. At an average of 8.5 years postinjury, children in this sample were largely reported to be performing positively in school. While special education rates did not change significantly over time, 20.7% of the sample reported having unmet educational needs. Additionally, service receipt decreased over time. Various injury and educational factors influenced rates of long-term special education and service receipt. Conclusions This study contributes to the emerging literature focusing on long-term outcomes of children with ABI. The results reinforce that children who experience an ABI in early childhood are unlikely to receive ABI-specific education or referrals to educational and rehabilitation services during their acute-care stay and, in the chronic stages of recovery, present with educational and therapy needs that can go unmet. To improve long-term service access for children who experience an early ABI, pathways need to be established within the acute-care setting for education and referrals that connect the child and family to treatment within early intervention and educational systems. Maintaining these pathways long term, particularly for potential social-behavioral and cognitive-communication concerns, could increase access to appropriate services and, thus, decrease unmet needs for children with ABI.
50
Evans, Kerry, Stefan Rennick-Egglestone, Serena Cox, Yvonne Kuipers, and Helen Spiby. "Remotely Delivered Interventions to Support Women With Symptoms of Anxiety in Pregnancy: Mixed Methods Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Journal of Medical Internet Research 24, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): e28093. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/28093.
Full textAbstract:
Background Symptoms of anxiety are common in pregnancy, with severe symptoms associated with negative outcomes for women and babies. Low-level psychological therapy is recommended for women with mild to moderate anxiety, with the aim of preventing an escalation of symptoms and providing coping strategies. Remotely delivered interventions have been suggested to improve access to treatment and support and provide a cost-effective, flexible, and timely solution. Objective This study identifies and evaluates remotely delivered, digital, or web-based interventions to support women with symptoms of anxiety during pregnancy. Methods This mixed methods systematic review followed a convergent segregated approach to synthesize qualitative and quantitative data. The ACM Digital Library, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination database, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase, Health Technology Assessment Library, IEEE Xplore, Joanna Briggs Institute, Maternity and Infant Care, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and the Social Science Citation Index were searched in October 2020. Quantitative or qualitative primary research that included pregnant women and evaluated remotely delivered interventions reporting measures of anxiety, fear, stress, distress, women’s views, and opinions were included. Results Overall, 3 qualitative studies and 14 quantitative studies were included. Populations included a general antenatal population and pregnant women having anxiety and depression, fear of childbirth, insomnia, and preterm labor. Interventions included cognitive behavioral therapy, problem solving, mindfulness, and educational designs. Most interventions were delivered via web-based platforms, and 62% (8/13) included direct contact from trained therapists or coaches. A meta-analysis of the quantitative data found internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy and facilitated interventions showed a beneficial effect in relation to the reduction of anxiety scores (standardized mean difference −0.49, 95% CI −0.75 to −0.22; standardized mean difference −0.48, 95% CI −0.75 to −0.22). Due to limitations in the amount of available data and study quality, the findings should be interpreted with caution. Synthesized findings found some evidence to suggest that interventions are more effective when women maintain regular participation which may be enhanced by providing regular contact with therapists or peer support, appropriate targeting of interventions involving components of relaxation and cognitive-based skills, and providing sufficient sessions to develop new skills without being too time consuming. Conclusions There is limited evidence to suggest that women who are pregnant may benefit from remotely delivered interventions. Components of interventions that may improve the effectiveness and acceptability of remotely delivered interventions included providing web-based contact with a therapist, health care professional, or peer community. Women may be more motivated to complete interventions that are perceived as relevant or tailored to their needs. Remote interventions may also provide women with greater anonymity to help them feel more confident in disclosing their symptoms.