Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Amnesia'
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1
Grady, Brendan. "The amnesia of place." This title; PDF viewer required. Home page for entire collection, 2004. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.
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Hulbert, Justin Conor. "Inducing amnesia through cognitive control." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610685.
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Butler, Christopher R. "Syndrome of transient epileptic amnesia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4160.
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Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is a form of epilepsy of which the principle manifestation is recurrent, transient episodes of isolated memory loss. Although the phenomenon has been recognised for over a century, it is scantily documented in the medical literature and is often misdiagnosed by clinicians. Recent work has highlighted a number of apparently consistent clinical features among the published cases. However, to date there has been no large, systematic study of the condition. The aim of the work reported in this thesis was to investigate a substantial number of prospectively recruited patients with TEA, and thus be able to provide a detailed and authoritative description of its clinical, neuropsychological and radiological characteristics. Fifty patients with TEA were recruited from around the United Kingdom using established diagnostic criteria, together with a group of matched healthy control subjects. Participants underwent a clinical interview, comprehensive neuropsychological testing and structural magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. The study demonstrated the following features. TEA typically begins in later life. The amnesic episodes are frequent, brief and often occur upon waking. They are characterised by a mixed anterograde and retrograde amnesia, the anterograde component of which is often incomplete. Attacks are commonly associated with olfactory hallucinations. They respond well to anticonvulsant medication. Nevertheless, many patients complain of persistent difficulties with memory. Despite generally performing well on standard tests of anterograde memory, many patients show i) accelerated forgetting of new information over a three-week delay and ii) temporally extensive deficits in autobiographical memory. TEA is associated with subtle medial temporal lobe atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging. This atrophy correlates with performance on standard memory tests, but not with long-term forgetting rates or autobiographical memory deficits. It is proposed that TEA is a distinctive syndrome of epilepsy, typically misdiagnosed at presentation, caused by medial temporal seizure activity and associated with accelerated long-term forgetting and autobiographical memory loss. These unusual forms of memory impairment have been documented in other forms of epilepsy. They pose challenges to current models of memory. The syndrome of TEA is therefore both clinically and theoretically important.
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Bertrand, Lorne D. (Lorne David) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Priming effects during hypnotic amnesia." Ottawa, 1987.
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Gverović, Tina. "Itinerant travellers : drifting, revisiting, and amnesia." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2014. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13775/.
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This practice-led research investigates – through artworks comprising of drawings, video, spoken word and installations – issues of cultural and national identity, forms of memoralising, belonging, conflict and loss in relation to a transitional period during the break up of Former Yugoslavia. I am interested in how these issues could be addressed indirectly through avoiding representation of or by employing motifs directly associated with this transitional period and war. These issues are not necessarily directly reflected in my work; rather they have a significant impact on my approach to making work. The question I ask is how can a work of art have both a strong sense of loss and a strong sense of connection to a place? In the process of making work I explore and test different visual references in order to illustrate detachment, displacement and geopolitical fragmentation as processes that reflect the transitional period and disintegration of a country. I do this through developing installations as immersive, disorientating and disintegrating sites. To that extent I employ processes of repetition, recollection, reconstruction and invention in a variety of media. In the process of drawing and painting my aim is to articulate states of flux, flexibility and change through experimenting with the use of different media and methods of practice. The space of the gallery, the context in which the work is shown and the visitors’ interpretation of the space are an important aspect of the work. The installations are composed of works reconstructed and remade in a variety of media in order to destabilise forms of presentation and to develop different and shifting angles on the topics I work with. In order for work to have a conversation and connection with its own past I re-stage and re-build one aspect of work on to another, such that works become cumulative. Through producing works that evolve from earlier works the intention is to foreground multiple readings and perceptions of places. My intention is to investigate the influence that dislocation may have on the move from a geopolitical to an imaginary landscape. I develop a methodology that explores travelling and forgetting as metaphors, thematic elements and artistic strategies for displacement and change. In practice, this is examined through spatial models that allude to fixity and mobility, the real and the imaginary: the museum, the monument and the ship at sea. The experience of the Balkan wars informed my initial work for the research, part of which was to look at symbols like monuments and museums. I sought concepts that relate to this problem, finding that memory/memorialising and forgetting are conditions that I specifically associate with the work of Jan Kampenaers and David Maljković. I considered amnesia and amnesty as suggestive concepts of questionable stability and loss, which informed my subsequent work (supported by reference to the writings of Paul Ricoeur). The thesis submission includes the presentation of an exhibition of artwork, with published art books and a vinyl record.
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MacAndrew, Siobhan Barbara Georgia. "The structure of recall in amnesia." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1989. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/91925/.
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This thesis reports seven experiments on the nature of the functional deficit in amnesia. Experiments 1 to 3 investigate patterns of recall for amnesic subjects and matched controls to investigate a hypothesised specific deficit in recall in amnesia. No significant evidence of a recall deficit in amnesia was found. However, a difference emerged between the two groups in the analyses of the stochastic relationship between recall and recognition. This revealed that in amnesic subjects recall is approximately independent of recognition, whereas in control subjects they are positively related. The second three experiments investigated a hypothesised selective deficit of spatial memory by comparing amnesic and control memory for the locations of objects or words placed on a grid. The hypothesis that intentional encoding of locations would improve amnesic spatial memory scores resulting in a trade-off of recall and recognition of the item's identities was also examined. No significant evidence of a selective spatial memory deficit in amnesia was found, nor did intentional instructions improve amnesic spatial memory scores. There was no significant evidence of a trade-off of item and location memory in the amnesic group. A further analysis comparing control and amnesic memory for the location of items scored by lenient criteria found no significant difference between the amnesic and control scores for number of items of this type, or for recall and recognition memory of these items. Fragment and schema models have been applied to normal memory for this type of contextual material. In a final experiment, the predictions of both types of model were contrasted with each other for data on singly and multiply cued recall provided by both normal and amnesic subjects. It was found that amnesics and normal controls formed fragments representing the unrelated triads and schemas representing the related triads. Both the schema and the fragment model parameters displayed uniform patterns of impairment. Thus amnesic memory may be argued to differ from normal memory quantitatively, rather than qualitatively. The implications of these findings for theories of memory and processing in amnesia are discussed.
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Fujiwara, Esther. "Brain and behaviour in functional retrograde amnesia." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=971815380.
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Epp, Jonathon, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "The hippocampus, retrograde amnesia, and memory deconsolidation." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2005, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/219.
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There are numerous clinical and experimental accounts of retrograde and anterograde amnesia resulting from damage to the hippocampus (HPC). Several theories on the HPC hold that only certain types of recent memories should be affected by HPC damage. These theories do not accurately predict the circumstances within which memories are vulnerable to HPC damage. Here I show the HPC plays a role in the formation and storage of a wider range of memories than is posited in contemporary theories. I will demonstrate that an important factor in elciting retrograde amnesia is the number of similar learning episodes. Exposure to multiple problems in the same task context leads to retorgrade amnesia that is not observed when only one problem is learned under otherwise identical parameters. When multiple discriminations are learned, the output of the HPC blocks recall from and future use of the extra-HPC memory system.x, 78 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.
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Serio, Marilena. "Temporally graded retrograde amnesia in alzheimer's disease." Thesis, University of York, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533504.
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Tsivilis, Dimitris. "Associative memory in amnesia and normal ageing." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367235.
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Stanciu, Marian Andrei. "Emotional memory for basic emotions in amnesia." Thesis, Bangor University, 2014. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/emotional-memory-for-basic-emotions-in-amnesia(6a5048d6-86f4-41bb-be90-73fcac5a99a2).html.
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Emotions are ubiquitous in everyday life, and can often be re-experienced accurately after long periods. Emotions also have a strong mutual influence on other memory systems (most notably episodic memory), but rely on different neuroanatomical structures, and can function independently – often reported in amnesic patients. However, unlike episodic memory, many fundamental questions about the structure of emotions remain unresolved. The two most influential accounts of the organisation of affect (the dimensional and categorical theories) are surprisingly divergent, an issue not addressed by the fact that emotion memory studies tend to be based on two rather than many emotion categories. Moreover, the field lacks sophisticated empirical tools for analysing discrete emotions, and calculating their specificity. Using a novel set of controlled emotional stories, the present thesis investigated the re-experience of four discrete classes of emotion (anger, fear, sadness, and happiness) in three samples: neurologically-normal participants (N=32), Korsakoff’s syndrome patients (N=20), and age-matched controls (N=20). The results suggest that: (1) The most durable form of emotional memory encodes affective valence. Discrete emotions can be reliably re-experienced, but require stronger forms of emotion elicitation than valence. (2) Remarkably, severely amnesic Korsakoff’s syndrome patients show a preserved ability to re-experience discrete emotions, at similar levels of intensity to neurologically-normal age-matched controls. Furthermore, the intensity of discrete emotions, in patients and controls, appears to be related to core executive functions; (3) Using a novel methodological approach, it is clear that the brief experience of certain discrete emotions (e.g., happiness) also increases the specificity of other emotions (e.g., anger and fear). Thus, the present thesis provides a unique attempt to reconcile the dimensional and categorical theories of emotions, and allows the investigation of specific basic emotions, while accounting for the experience of other basic emotions.
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Clough, Sharice. "Co-speech gesture integration in hippocampal amnesia." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6079.
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Co-speech gesture is ubiquitous in everyday conversation, facilitating comprehension, learning, and memory. Information is often provided uniquely in the gesture modality and this information is integrated with speech, affecting the listener’s comprehension and memory of a message. Despite the robust evidence that gesture supports learning, the memory mechanisms that support this learning are unclear. The current study investigates the ability of patients with hippocampal damage to integrate and retain information from co-speech gesture.
Four patients with bilateral hippocampal lesions, four patients with damage to the ventral medial prefrontal cortex, and 17 healthy comparisons watched videos of a storyteller narrating four stories with gestures. Some of the gestures provided redundant information to the speech signal and some provided supplementary information that was unique. The participants retold the story immediately after, thirty-minutes after, and four weeks later. Co-speech gesture integration was measured by the proportion of words changed as a result of seeing a supplementary gesture. Memory retention for the stories was measured by the number of story features mentioned during each retelling.
The patients with hippocampal amnesia were successful at integrating speech and gesture information immediately after hearing the story but did not show a benefit in memory for gestured features after delays. Though the hippocampus has previously been thought to be critical for relational memory, this finding suggests that the integration of speech and gesture may be mediated by other cognitive mechanisms.
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Moberg, Jennie. ""Det var inte mitt val" - en narrativ studie om upplevelser av elektrokonvulsiv terapi (ECT)." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-100746.
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This study aims to highlight patients´ experiences about and thoughts of side effects fromelectroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a therapeutic method commonly used when having severedepressions. The framing of questions were how the respondents of this study describe theirlife before, during and after ECT-treatment, how the treatment has affected their daily life andhow these experiences may contribute to the awareness of power in professional relations.The study is based on three semi-structured narrative interviews and the main result showedthat, according to my interpretation, ECT as a treatment obliterated memories, quality of lifeand daily structure for all participants. Unfortunately they have all become subjects ofpsychiatric power and have faced considerable difficulty in getting professional recognitionaccording to their severe memory issues. The respondents have lost the ability to relate totheir past which clearly makes them struggle in their present context. A point in commonamong them is that neither of them wanted ECT but, because of the lack of communicationbetween them as patients and the health care in general, they all ended up getting it.
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Gow, Catherine Ann. "Source amnesia in patients with frontal lobe damage." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6560.
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Frontal lobe lesions do not produce a classical amnesia syndrome, although such damage has been associated with some forms of disordered memory processing. This study examined the phenomena of source amnesia in patients with frontal lobe damage. Patients with focal lesions to the frontal lobe, and age- and education-matched normal control subjects were compared on two memory tasks for their recall of both fact and source. In the first experiment, subjects learned fictitious facts about famous and nonfamous individuals and were tested for their recall of both the fact and the source following a 15 minute, and one week delay. In the second experiment, subjects were tested for their recall of the placement of objects on two surfaces under both plain and enhanced conditions. Subjects' ability to recall the board, as well as the exact placement of the objects on the board was tested. Additionally, subjects were required to discriminate experimental objects, from those not seen during the learning session. In both experiments, patients' ability to recall the facts, and the overall placement of objects was as good as that of normal control subjects, but the patients tended to commit more source errors than the normal control subjects. Results from experiment 1 indicated that some patients with lesions of the right hemisphere tended to have more difficulty recalling the presenter source (intra-experimental source) while some patients with left hemisphere damage tended to have more difficulty recalling where they had learned a fact (extra-experimental source). Subtle language impairments were found to be associated with acquisition but not delayed recall of the verbal material. Intra-experimental source errors were related to poor performance on the WCST, while extra-experimental source errors were related to non-verbal measures such as WMS-R, Visual Memory Index, and WAIS-R, PIQ. The data suggest that recall of contextual features such as the modality of presentation and time and place of a learned event can be dissociated from the contents of the learning episode, and that source recall may be disproportionately impaired in some patients with frontal lobe damage. The second experiment revealed deficits in the ability of patients, particularly those with left hemisphere damage, to determine the exact placement of objects on the board to the left. The use of color to enhance learning did not result in increased recall for any of the subjects, however, the patients with damage to the left hemisphere were more likely to incorrectly attempt to place an object under these conditions. Recall of object placement was associated with classical frontal lobe measures, while discrimination of the sets of objects, and placing an object on the wrong board were related to the BNT in the enhanced condition. In fact, although significant correlations were found between the spatial memory measures in the plain condition and the Visual Memory Index, these measures were correlated with the Verbal Memory Index. The results suggest that enhanced context does not increase the accuracy of recall in either patients or normal control subjects. However, the addition of color to the learning situation increased erroneous attempts at placement in the group of patients with left hemisphere damage. This propensity was attributed to a combined effect of use of verbal strategies in the enhanced condition, and poor language decoding abilities in the left hemisphere damaged-patients.
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Wessel, Jeannine Petra. "Attentional narrowing as a model for partial amnesia." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1997. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5823.
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Wang, Szu-Han 1975. "Amnesia of reactivation, new learning and second learning." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103016.
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Memory refers to the retention of learned information or experiences in the brain. It is known that interference of certain brain functions immediately after training or memory reactivation can cause memory loss (i.e. amnesia). The post-training process is called consolidation and the post reactivation process is called reconsolidation. However, it remains unclear as to: (1) whether appetitive, goal-directed memories undergo reconsolidation, (2) whether overtrained memories undergo reconsolidation, (3) what the nature of amnesia is (i.e. whether it represents storage or retrieval impairment), (4) how to test the nature of amnesia, and (5) whether the brain uses the same mechanism for a new learning and from a second learning. This thesis, composed of five manuscripts, aims to answer these questions. In the first manuscript, the model of incentive learning of appetitive outcomes in instrumental conditioning was used. Protein synthesis inhibitor (PSI) was infused into lateral and basal amygdala (LBA) after the new incentive learning and after the reactivation of the memory. The results show that appetitive memories in controlling goal-directed behaviors underwent consolidation and reconsolidation in the LBA. In the second manuscript, rats were overtrained with auditory fear conditioning and received intra-LBA PSI infusions after memory reactivation. The results show that only old, but not recent, overtrained auditory fear memories underwent reconsolidation. This suggests overtraining sets a boundary condition on memory reconsolidation. Further results showed dorsal hippocampus and intra-LBA NR2B-subunit containing N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors (NMDAr) were involved in this boundary condition. In the third manuscript, the unresolved debate about the nature of amnesia was reviewed from a historical perspective and the suggestions on reconciling this issue are proposed. In the fourth manuscript, a new approach was used to test the nature of amnesia in contextual fear conditioning. Because NMDAr blockade impairs a new learning but not a second learning, it is predicted that if a memory is not stored then the second learning should be impaired by NMDAr blockade. The results suggest amnesia of contextual fear memory caused by intra-dorsal hippocampus (dH) PSI infusion represents a storage impairment which gives a different result from extinction induced irretrievability. In the fifth manuscript , the aim is to identify the brain mechanism for the second learning as the previous manuscript suggests it is different from the first learning mechanism. The results show that the first, but not the second learning required voltage-dependent calcium channels and activation in dH. The second learning was impaired by intra-dH or ventral hippocampus (vH) inactivation only when the protein synthesis in the other portion of hippocampus was blocked after training. This suggests while the first learning by default requires dH, the second learning can be acquired through a functional dH or vH. In summary, this thesis extends memory research from consolidating a new learning to characterizing the reconsolidation of appetitive and overtrained memory to consolidating a second learning which will lead to a more complete description of memory process.
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Kropelnicki, Anna. "Testing models of memory consolidation : insights from amnesia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615791.
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Adlam, Anna-Lynne Ruth. "Dissociations in memory : a study of developmental amnesia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404953.
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Squires, E. J. "Errorless learning in amnesia : applicability and underlying mechanisms." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264580.
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Dzieciol, A. "Mapping the extra-hippocampal damage in developmental amnesia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1467167/.
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Developmental amnesia (DA) is a selective episodic memory disorder associated with hypoxia-induced bilateral hippocampal volume reduction. Despite the systemic impact of hypoxia-ischaemia, the resulting brain damage has been previously reported to be limited to the hippocampus. This thesis explores damage outside of the hippocampus in patients with DA and in those with less severe memory impairment (MI), to provide a full anatomical characterisation of a hypoxia-induced memory disorder. Seventeen patients with DA and fifteen patients with MI participated alongside an equal number of controls. The extent of brain injury was assessed in structural magnetic resonance images using whole-brain (voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics) and region-of-interest approaches (automatic and manual measurement of structure volumes). Results showed that in addition to damage to the hippocampus, patients with DA had severe atrophy of the mammillary bodies, mild volume reduction of the thalamus and widespread abnormalities in the white matter. There was only limited evidence of damage in the medial temporal lobe neocortices. By comparison, brain injury in patients with MI was much less extensive. A series of correlations examined the integrity of brain structures in relation to patients’ cognitive outcome. Global abnormalities in the white matter were related to patients’ intelligence, but not to their memory, whereas regional abnormalities in the ventral cingulum predicted performance on tests of verbal recognition. In addition, volumes of a thalamic segment were related to patients’ face recognition ability. Together, these results show that extra-hippocampal abnormalities contribute to the cognitive outcome of patients with DA, independent of the hippocampus, offering support for dual-process models of memory. The findings could lead to new magnetic resonance imaging-based diagnostic measures of developmental amnesia.
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Alkathiri, Nura. "The role of emotion in confabulation and amnesia." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-role-of-emotion-in-confabulation-and-amnesia(18bba6a5-01f2-4b61-8236-a65dd0441497).html.
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The present programme of studies investigated whether there is a positive emotional bias in the content of confabulation using the semantic-associates paradigm. This procedure comprises lists of semantically related items that are associated with a non-presented critical distracter. In three studies, 26 confabulating amnesia patients, 26 non-confabulating amnesia patients and 26 healthy controls were presented with the semantic-associates task. In study 1, this procedure was employed to induce false recall and false recognition in response to studying lists of positive, negative and neutral word lists. In study 2, a facial expressions semantic-associates procedure was constructed to examine false recognition of pictorial items. In the final study, participants were induced into positive and negative mood using a video mood induction procedure to examine the effects of mood on false recall and false recognition. Confabulating patients showed a positive emotional bias and falsely recognised a higher proportion of positive unrelated intrusions compared with non-confabulating patients and healthy controls. These findings suggested that confabulating patients’ tendency to produce pleasant false memories may represent a bias in general emotional processing. However, the positive bias was not found in the facial expressions task. This suggested that the distinctive characteristics in pictorial items may aid confabulating patients in the discrimination between studied items and non-studied intrusions. In addition, reduced false recognition of critical distracters in both confabulating and non-confabulating patients was a marker for gist memory impairment in amnesia. Finally, the video mood induction procedure demonstrated that the positive bias in confabulating patients was enhanced by, but not specific, to negative mood. However, findings from a signal detection analysis indicated that confabulating patients showed a positive bias because their memory strength for positive material was significantly weaker compared with that of non-confabulating patients and healthy controls. Future studies would need to equate for differences in memory strength between controls and amnesia patients in order to provide stronger evidence that emotional factors are playing a role in the content of confabulation.
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Bogart, Adam R. "Varied Suseptibility of Reconsolidated Memories to Retrograde Amnesia." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1310998151.
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De, Juan Marín Rubén. "Crash recovery with partial amnesia failure model issues." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/3302.
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Replicated systems are a kind of distributed systems whose main goal
is to ensure that computer systems are highly available, fault tolerant and
provide high performance. One of the last trends in replication techniques
managed by replication protocols, make use of Group Communication Sys-
tem, and more specifically of the communication primitive atomic broadcast
for developing more eficient replication protocols.
An important aspect in these systems consists in how they manage
the disconnection of nodes {which degrades their service{ and the connec-
tion/reconnection of nodes for maintaining their original support. This task
is delegated in replicated systems to recovery protocols. How it works de-
pends specially on the failure model adopted. A model commonly used for
systems managing large state is the crash-recovery with partial amnesia be-
cause it implies short recovery periods. But, assuming it implies arising
several problems. Most of them have been already solved in the literature:
view management, abort of local transactions started in crashed nodes {
when referring to transactional environments{ or for example the reinclu-
sion of new nodes to the replicated system. Anyway, there is one problem
related to the assumption of this second failure model that has not been
completely considered: the amnesia phenomenon. Phenomenon that can
lead to inconsistencies if it is not correctly managed.
This work presents this inconsistency problem due to the amnesia and
formalizes it, de ning the properties that must be ful lled for avoiding it
and de ning possible solutions. Besides, it also presents and formalizes an
inconsistency problem {due to the amnesia{ which appears under a speci c
sequence of events allowed by the majority partition progress condition that
will imply to stop the system, proposing the properties for overcoming it and
proposing di erent solutions. As a consequence it proposes a new majority
partition progress condition. In the sequel there is deDe Juan Marín, R. (2008). Crash recovery with partial amnesia failure model issues [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/3302
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Neave, Nicholas John. "Thalamocortical contributions to spatial working memory in the rat." Thesis, Durham University, 1995. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5361/.
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The human anterograde amnesic syndrome is a condition whereby the person can no longer learn new facts or pieces of information, and yet retains short-term memory processing, and older memories learnt before the onset of the syndrome. Both human case studies, and experimental animal models of this condition, have strongly indicated that damage to certain closely interrelated structures and cortical areas may be responsible for this failure to learn new information. Particular emphasis has been placed on the hippocampus, the mammillary bodies, certain thalamic nuclei, and those regions of cortex (particularly rhinal cortex and parts of prefrontal and cingulate cortices) that receive strong connections from the hippocampus and selective thalamic nuclei. While the evidence for the role of the hippocampus in mnemonic processing (especially regarding rats performing spatial tasks) is strong, the evidence is less certain concerning the involvement of the other structures and regions. This thesis has directly attempted to ascertain the relative contributions of certain thalamic nuclei, one region of cortex (the cingulate region), and a fibre pathway (the cingulum bundle) which connects the hippocampus and thalamus with cingulate cortex. The contribution of this fibre bundle received particularly close experimental scrutiny in this thesis as it's possible role in the neuroanatomical circuitry governing certain forms of mnemonic processing may have been underestimated. A series of five related experiments are described, each involving the DA pigmented strain of rat, whose spatial working memory processing was evaluated using a range of automated and maze-type tasks. These animals received a variety of lesions to the hippocampus, thalamus, cingulate cortex or the cingulum bundle, created by either neurotoxic or radiofrequency methods. Two forms of spatial memory processing were assessed; these consisted of egocentric and allocentric processing, and evidence is presented that they may be mediated by dissociable neuroanatomical circuits. Lesions of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and cingulate cortex had no effect on tasks assessing egocentric or allocentric processing. However, bilateral lesions of the cingulum bundle, whilst having no effect upon egocentric tasks, caused a severe impairment on tasks assessing allocentric processing. Lesions of the hippocampal system (the fornix) caused a severe impairment on both types of tasks. The nature of the putative neuroanatomical circuitry governing both allocentric and egocentric memory processing is discussed.
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Wallis, Lauren Ingrid. "Memory for items and associations in amnesiac patients and controls." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274958.
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Hoerl, Christoph. "Keeping track of time : time, thought and memory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320929.
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Wright, Fiona Katrina, and n/a. "Childhood amnesia : retrospective studies, prospective studies, and theoretical explanations." University of Otago. Department of Psychology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070201.112748.
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The overarching goal of this thesis was to examine aspects of childhood amnesia in children, adolescents, and adults, and to evaluate theoretical explanations for the phenomenon. The research addressed three main questions. First, at what age does the boundary of childhood amnesia occur in adults, and what is the shape of the boundary? Second, is it possible for children to verbally express preverbal aspects of their memories after a 6-year delay? Third, is maternal narrative style during early childhood related to the age of adolescents� earliest autobiographical memories?
In Experiment 1A, I examined whether the way in which we ask adults to sample their memories alters estimates of the offset of childhood amnesia. Independent groups of adults were asked to describe and date one memory from any time in their lives associated with each of six cue words (Lifespan Condition), one childhood memory associated with each of six cue words (Childhood Condition), or their earliest memory associated with each of six cue words (Cued Earliest Condition). A fourth group of adults was asked to describe and date their six earliest memories (Uncued Earliest Condition). As predicted, participants in the Cued Earliest and Uncued Earliest Conditions reported earlier memories than participants in the Childhood Condition, who in turn reported earlier memories than participants in the Lifespan Condition. Consistent with prior research, when adults were asked to report their earliest memories, with or without the use of cue words, the mean age of the earliest memory reported was between 3 and 4 years.
In Experiment 1B, I examined the distribution of the early memories reported by six individual adults by asking them to report all the memories that they could recall from each year of childhood, until they had reported at least their 20 earliest memories. When the number of memories recalled was plotted as a function of age at event, the distributions looked like step functions, with the step occurring at ages 4-6 years. Participants also reported some early memories for events that occurred before this age.
In Experiment 2, I examined children�s and parents� verbal and non-verbal recall for a specific event - the Magic Shrinking Machine - after a 6-year delay. The children were aged 27-51 months when they originally played with the machine. After a 6-year delay, nine of 46 children and 26 of 42 parents verbally recalled the event. There were no age-related differences in the amount or accuracy of the information that participants reported about the event. When children�s reports were compared to their task-relevant vocabulary measured at the time of the event, there were just two instances in which a child used a word to describe the event that had not been part of his or her productive vocabulary at the time of the event. Children showed no non-verbal recall of the event, relative to a group of age-matched controls.
In Experiment 3, I tested the hypothesis that the way that parents talk about the past with their children during early childhood will influence the age of these children�s earliest autobiographical memories when they are older. Conversations about past events between 17 mother-child dyads were recorded on multiple occasions between the children�s 2nd and 4th birthdays. When these children were between the ages of 12-13 years, they were asked to describe their earliest autobiographical memory. Adolescents whose mothers used a greater ratio of elaborations to repetitions when discussing the past with their child during early childhood had earlier first memories than did adolescents whose mothers used a smaller ratio of elaborations to repetitions.
The present findings on adults� earliest memories are consistent with a two-stage model of childhood amnesia. Theories that draw on multiple cognitive developments provide a more complete account of childhood amnesia than theories that focus on a single developmental milestone. I propose that neurological maturation and language acquisition set the stage for subsequent language-related developments that contribute to the emergence of autobiographical memory and, ultimately, the offset of childhood amnesia.
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Narain, Vrinda. "Anxiety and amnesia : Muslim women's equality in postcolonial India." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102240.
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In this thesis, I focus on the relationship between gender and nation in post-colonial India, through the lens of Muslim women, who are located on the margins of both religious community and nation. The contradictory embrace of a composite national identity with an ascriptive religious identity, has had critical consequences for Muslim women, to whom the state has simultaneously granted and denied equal citizenship. The impact is felt primarily in the continuing disadvantage of women through the denial of gender equality within the family. The state's regulation of gender roles and family relationships in the 'private sphere', inevitably has determined women's status as citizens in the public sphere.In this context, the notion of citizenship becomes a focus of any exploration of the legal status of Muslim women. I explore the idea of citizenship as a space of subaltern secularism that opens up the possibility for Indian women of all faiths, to reclaim a selfhood, free from essentialist definitions of gender interests and prescripted identities. I evaluate the realm of constitutional law as a counter-hegemonic discourse that can challenge existing power structures. Finally, I argue for the need to acknowledge the hybridity of culture and the modernity of tradition, to emphasise the integration of the colonial past with the postcolonial present. Such an understanding is critical to the feminist emancipatory project as it reveals the manner in which oppositional categories of public/private, true Muslim woman/feminist, Muslim/Other, Western/Indian, and modern/traditional, have been used to deny women equal rights.
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Polster, Michael R. "Drug-induced amnesia : implications for the neuropsychology of memory." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291963.
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Delaney, Suzanne Marie. "Implicit memory and semantic learning in post-traumatic amnesia." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187188.
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Implicit and explicit memory performance, and new semantic learning in post traumatic amnesic (PTA) patients were assessed in two experiments. The first experiment compared implicit and explicit memory for word lists for eight PTA patients and matched controls. Subjects participated in one implicit memory test (stem completion) and three explicit memory tests (stem-cued recall, free recall, and old/new recognition). PTA patients showed intact priming on the stem completion task, while performing significantly worse than control subjects on all three explicit memory tests. The second experiment examined new semantic learning in PTA patients. The method of vanishing cues, developed by Glisky, Schacter and Tulving (1986), was used to teach five fictitious facts (e.g. Bob Hope's father was a fireman) to four PTA patients and four matched controls. Despite variability among the PTA patients, they showed substantial learning within the PTA state and good retention 5 days and several weeks following the emergence from PTA. These studies suggest that implicit memory abilities are preserved in PTA patients, and that these patients are able to learn new semantic information despite their profoundly impaired explicit memory performance.
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Cancedda, Manuela <1996>. "Scrittura cinese e amnesia dei caratteri. Una prospettiva comparativa." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21028.
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L’elaborato si propone di analizzare e inserire il fenomeno dell’amnesia dei caratteri in una più ampia prospettiva di crisi della scrittura a mano, che riguarda tanto le lingue logografiche quanto quelle alfabetiche. L’analisi parte da una panoramica delle principali caratteristiche della scrittura cinese prendendo in rassegna sia aspetti storici, quali l’evoluzione grafica, dalle grafie più antiche alla semplificazione dei caratteri del XX secolo, e l’introduzione del sistema di trascrizione fonetica del pinyin, sia aspetti che riguardano la sua natura morfosillabica. Verranno poi illustrate le sei tipologie di caratteri che compongono la scrittura cinese, con un’analisi più specifica della tipologia di caratteri più numerosa: i composti-fonetico semantici. Inoltre, verranno esposti i principi che governano l’ordine dei tratti e i dati che emergono dalle opere lessicografiche sul numero dei caratteri presenti attualmente e nelle diverse epoche storiche.
Il secondo capitolo affianca due fenomeni divergenti: l’acquisizione della scrittura e il fenomeno dell’amnesia dei caratteri. Il primo è analizzato seguendo le principali teorie universali sull’acquisizione della scrittura, che la vedono come il risultato di numerose altre abilità, nello specifico di quelle di trascrizione e composizione. Data la complessità visiva di cui sono caratterizzati i caratteri, verrà posta enfasi sulla necessità di internalizzazione degli aspetti motori necessari alla scrittura degli stessi ai fini della loro memorizzazione, mediante l’assidua pratica di copiatura. Verranno poi esposte le principali strategie adottate dai bambini per ricordare i caratteri e gli errori più comuni commessi durante il processo di acquisizione. Successivamente verrà presentato il fenomeno dell’amnesia dei caratteri: dopo aver definito il fenomeno, verrà offerta una panoramica di alcuni studi che ne analizzano le variabili e le implicazioni. L’utilizzo accentuato di dispositivi digitali sembra essere la principale ragione per la quale, nell’ultimo decennio, questo fenomeno ha ottenuto grandi attenzioni di linguisti, psicologi e neuroscienziati.
Il terzo capitolo analizza gli effetti dei dispositivi digitali sulle lingue alfabetiche, presentando il contraltare dell’amnesia dei caratteri nel mondo occidentale: il calo esponenziale nella capacità di scrivere in corsivo, sostituito dagli stili dello stampatello e dello stampatello minuscolo. L’appello a un ritorno alla pratica del corsivo, strettamente connesso con la fluenza nello scrivere a mano dati i movimenti continui e ripetuti necessari per produrlo, è stato lanciato da numerosi linguisti e grafologi del mondo occidentale. Verranno avanzate considerazioni personali sui pro e i contro della digitazione nelle abilità linguistiche per scriventi di lingue alfabetiche e per scriventi di lingue logografiche.
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Davis, Meghan L. "Effect of spatial context in object memory evidence from amnesia /." Click here for download, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com.ps2.villanova.edu/pqdweb?did=1930212961&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Greer, Nancy. "Taking a developmental approach to the phenomenon of childhood amnesia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19252.pdf.
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Mitchell, Grant Alan. "Canadian archives and the corporate memory : a case of amnesia?" Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26053.
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For some years North American archivists have argued that public archival repositories are unable to bear the burden of preserving the records of modern business corporations and have suggested that firms should shoulder this burden themselves by establishing corporate archives. This suggestion, however, fails to address the issue of preserving the records of small businesses, and the records of defunct firms, that are unable to support a corporate archives.
Before one can predict the effect the advocates of corporate archives will have on the preservation of business records, one needs to know what degree of responsibility repositories have accepted for preserving business records. Unfortunately, little information has been published concerning the business records holdings of Canadian archival institutions. A questionnaire asking for information on acquisitions policies and strategies, and on the characteristics of business records collections, was therefore sent to federal, provincial, municipal, and university archives. The business records holdings of the Public Archives of Canada, the Provincial Archives of British Columbia, the City of Vancouver Archives, and the Special Collections Division of the University of British Columbia Library were examined in detail to augment the information obtained from questionnaire returns. The value of the business records collections held by Canadian repositories was further examined by means of a reference analysis of journal articles and monographs, published by economic and business historians, which measured the use made of business records collections by these historians.
Although some substantial collections of business records have been preserved, it appears that over three quarters of the business records collections preserved by Canadian repositores are so small and fragmentary in nature that they are of dubious value to researchers. This impression is borne out by the sparse use of business records as sources by business and economic historians. The experiences of European and American archival institutions indicate that Canadian repositories will have to accumulate a significant body of business records collections before they will see increased use of their business records holdings.
Repositories cannot reasonably be expected to devote their limited resources to collecting the records of large integrated corporations.
Nonetheless, archival institutions have a responsibility to ensure the preservation of records documenting the Canadian economy. Archival institutions, and the archivists they employ, should continue their efforts to persuade companies to set up corporate archives. Many firms, however, are unwilling or unable to take such a step. Canadian repositories must therefore continue to acquire business records if they wish to fulfil their mandates of preserving comprehensive collections documenting the various aspects of the history of their respective regions. This must be done in an active and systematic manner, using such strategies as public relations programs and the provision to firms of assistance in scheduling records. By persuading larger corporations to set up corporate archives whilst systematically collecting the records of smaller firms, archival institutions can improve both the quantity and quality of business records preserved.Arts, Faculty of
Library, Archival and Information Studies (SLAIS), School of
Graduate
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Oorsouw, Kim Isabelle Mireille van. "I honestly can't remember dissociative amnesia as a metamemory phenomenon /." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2006. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5738.
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Bramall, Rebecca. "On cultural amnesia critical theory and contemporary discourses of forgetting." Thesis, University of East London, 2007. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/1286/.
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This thesis examines contemporary discourses of forgetting, and in particular the notion of `cultural amnesia'. I take as the object of my research the mobilization of amnesia in the humanities and social sciences during the last two decades, arguing that this concept does not have a consistent relation to cultural phenomena but rather names a perceived loss, absence or deficiency, and sometimes excess or surfeit, in knowledge and the articulation of knowledge. I explore what is at stake in these rulings of cultural and social deficiency, the values and frameworks that are invoked to authorize them, and the specific fact of their being set out in terms of memory. My method of historicizing the emergence of the concept of amnesia as a preferred means of figuring cultural deficiency is to trace in contemporary discourses of forgetting certain legacies of Critical Theory of the Frankfurt School. I submit that Theodor W. Adorno's thought is construed by theorists working on the subject of memory as a significant antecedent for contemporary debates; specifically, he is regarded as having anticipated late twentieth-century anxieties about amnesia. I attend to such characterizations both by offering a fresh consideration of the function of memory-related concepts in Critical Theory and by questioning what is at stake in contemporary claims of a relationship to - as well as in frequent disavowals of - aspects of this current of thought. The chapters that follow examine: the discursive functions of the concept of amnesia in cultural and social theory; the relationship between the concepts of reification and forgetting; the processes through which the postwar period became recognized as a period of amnesia for the Holocaust; the place of the concept of amnesia in Fredric Jameson's thesis on postmodernism and in today's recollection of his contribution; and the return of the notion of `the forgotten' in the turn to ethics in poststructuralist literary theory.
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Jerlei, Epp. "Cultural Amnesia: Imagining Alternatives to the Dystopian Future of Norrland." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-108596.
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By the term “Cultural Amnesia” I refer to a diagnosis of a condition that has been caused by external damage or trauma. This may result in a society forced to forget about their roots, culture and connection to the landscape, once been embraced by a community as a whole but now been forgotten and replaced by different ideals that are displaced from context. It is an assumption that something is missing or is about to be forgotten, that would have disastrous consequences. The causes of the amnesia need to be diagnosed and identified and their possible effects imagined. The term “Culture” here can refers simply to the way how have been done and developed in a specific context from the beginning of times. Cultural amnesia, then, would be the widespread ignorance of and indifference to what used to be important but has now fallen into forced displacement, resulting in a possible “dystopian future”. The aim of the research is to analyse the recent developments in Norrland and the Sápmi areas that are largely affected by capitalist space production. It highlights also the story of displacement and injustice the Sámi have suffered. There has been an exploitation of the Sámi rights by the government and evidence of the Swedish state land theft from the Sámi. The real repression began with the modernization of society, where the causes lay in factors like the need for forest, agricultural efficiency and new definitions of land ownership. Today the indigenous people find themselves fighting a battle against the state and multinational mining companies, while their land, cultural heritage and their way of life is at stake. Can we imagine a cure, a plan of care or an antidote to Cultural Amnesia?
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Barnes, Gary W. "Retrograde amnesia and reconsolidation of a context-no US association." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1311122134.
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Parmashwar, Patricia A. (Patricia Anne) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "The Effect of hypnotic amnesia on recall and recognition memory." Ottawa, 1995.
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Roland, Jessica Justine. "Septohippocampal system modulation in an animal model of diencephalic amnesia." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.
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Anzalone, Steven J. "Cholinergic cortical dysfunction in an animal model of diencephalic amnesia." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Jansari, Ashok Surendra. "The reminiscence bump in autobiographical memory." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260901.
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The reminiscence bump is a phenomenon whereby older subjects recall a disproportionately large number of autobiographical memories from the period of adolescence. Chapter 1 provides a background to the field of autobiographical memory and Chapters 2 and 3 evaluated a claim that this was due to self-definition occuring during this period which biases subsequent recall; however the results were not conclusive. Chapter 4 showed that a reason for the lack of a bump in younger subjects' recall could be an over-reliance on recent memories - blocking this produced a reminiscence bump in their recall. Chapter 5 explored the idea that preferential recall of memories from an earlier point in life was simply due to a sampling bias but found that early memories are consistently recalled more quickly than subsequent memories and also that there is a large proportion of first-time or unique memories in this period suggesting a long-term "primacy" effect. Chapters 6 and 7 attempted to see if autobiographical recall consisted of a U-shaped curve encompassing this primacy as well as an advantage for recent memories at the expense of mid-life memories. The results showed that early and very recent memories are consistently recalled more rapidly and with greater detail implying that the underlying representations themselves are strongerChapters 8 and 9 were case studies on two patients, one diagnosed as a Korsakoff and the other as suffering from "Focal Retrograde Amnesia". These two studies used the paradigms and findings from the work on normals in an attempt to explain the patterns of recall that are classically associated with these disorders. Finally, Chapter 10 assimilates the work both with normals and with the amnesic patients and attempts to explain the findings using a number of models concerning the organisation of normal memory
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Simpson, E. L. "Scene memory in rats : the hippocampal system and the encoding of two-dimension visual scenes." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297624.
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Jenkins, Valerie Ann. "Novel word association priming in amnesic patients." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307247.
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Fonvergne, Jessica Marie. "Upon a Dream." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5133.
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A woman wakes up on the beach with no memory of who she is or where she is from. After walking through the woods and stumbling across a series of strange characters, she meets an astronomer and together they embark upon a journey to track down a lead on her identity. A surreal road trip ensues, taking us from the desert of the US Southwest, to the bottom of the sea, to the furthest reaches of the galaxy.
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Kroustalis, Vivian Irene. "The opposite of amnesia is remembrance : a housing project for Atlanta." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21781.
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Dewar, Michaela. "On the role and nature of retroactive interference in anterograde amnesia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2019.
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Recent research has elucidated significantly improved delayed recall in patients with severe anterograde amnesia following an unfilled as opposed to a filled retention interval. Such findings are of great interest as they suggest that some anterograde amnesiacs are able to retain material for much longer than usual when Retroactive Interference is kept minimal. The research thus provides a novel cognitive hypothesis for the severe forgetting in anterograde amnesia, namely a greatly heightened susceptibility to Retroactive Interference. The aim of this thesis was to further examine such phenomenon and hypothesis. More specifically the main aim was to (a) investigate which cognitive conditions are required for a benefit of minimal Retroactive Interference to emerge in anterograde amnesiacs; and thus how specific their susceptibility to Retroactive Interference is, and (b) which cognitive processes underlie the benefit of minimal Retroactive Interference in such patients. A secondary aim was to review and further explore Müller and Pilzecker’s (1900) original research and theory of Retroactive Interference in forgetting in healthy people, to investigate the effects of Retroactive Interference on age related memory decline as well as to examine potential neural correlates of the benefit of minimal Retroactive Interference. Various samples of anterograde amnesia patients (Focal injury and MCI) and healthy participants were tested by means of a range of experimental manipulations in order to explore these questions. The research elucidated that any material or distraction (‘diversion Retroactive Interference’) had to be removed during the delay interval for anterograde amnesiacs to show improved delayed recall. Moreover the results of this thesis strongly suggest that minimal Retroactive Interference allows for improved Long Term Memory formation in at least some anterograde amnesia patients. These two main findings were also made for the healthy participants, albeit to a greatly reduced extent. In conclusion, the present research provides further and novel detailed evidence for a ‘diversion’ Retroactive Interference hypothesis of forgetting in pathological and normal forgetting alike.
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Pyszora, Natalie. "Amnesia for criminal offences in a cohort of life sentence prisoners." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429335.
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Hunkin, Nicola M. "Comparative study of contextual deficits in diencephalic and temporal lobe amnesia." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314547.
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David, Pamela. "Assessment of Post Traumatic Amnesia in Children Aged 4-7 Years." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10016.
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Post traumatic amnesia (PTA) is a period of cerebral malfunction following brain injury during which a person is confused and unable to establish continuous memories. Only few scales have been particularly developed to assess PTA in children under 8 year of age, however these pediatric scales have notable shortcomings and do not cover the entire 4-7 year old age range. The current study aimed to review the available pediatric PTA scales, and establish a PTA scale suitable for children aged 4-7 years. Firstly, a systematic literature review identified five PTA scales that have been used with children aged 4-7 years, but revealed that information about psychometric properties of these scales was often incomplete and very limited. Secondly, the developmental validity of a 10-item PTA scale developed by the Brain Injury Rehabilitation Team at Sydney Children’s Hospital (SCH) was examined in a sample of 52 typically developing children aged 4-7 years. This study identified a set of five items that are developmentally appropriate for the targeted age range. Thirdly, this 5-item PTA scale was evaluated in a retrospective study, using a clinical sample of 35 children consecutively admitted to SCH with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The 5-item scale was found to have good concurrent and predictive validity; correlating with initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, and being the strongest predictor of gross functional outcome compared to other indicators of TBI severity (initial GCS and clinical estimates of PTA duration) at discharge and outpatient follow-ups (approximately 6 and 20 weeks post discharge). Finally, suggestions were made regarding further improvements of this 5-item scale; proposing a 9-item PTA scale that has the potential to fulfill the clinical gap in the assessment of PTA in children aged 4-7 years.