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1
Mony, Rajesh S. "Phytochemical screening of an ayurvedic Rasayana formulation: Amlaki rasayana." Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 12, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/phyto.2023.v12.i2a.14618.
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Rahman, S., M. M. Akbor, A. Howlader, and A. Jabbar. "Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity of the Alkaloids of Amlaki (Emblica officinalis)." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 12, no. 16 (August 1, 2009): 1152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2009.1152.1155.
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P., Nafha, Shijikumar P.S, and Celestin Baboo R.V. "A REVIEW ON ANALYTICAL STUDIES AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATIONS." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 1119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13659.
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In standardization process, quality and purity of crude drugs are evaluated by various parameters. For herbal formulations, along with the chemical, physical, phytochemical, in- vivo and in- vitro parameters, it is significant to determine its quality standards. In traditional system of medicine, the developments of analytical parameters are an important step in establishing quality of products, presence of phytoconstituents and its therapeutic efficacy. In this review, Avipathy and Avipattikar churna, both are polyherbal formulations having nine similar herbal ingredients (Sunthi, Marica, Pippali, Amlaki, Musta, Vidanga, Elaichi, Patra, Trivit) but they are different in terms of indication and method of administration. Avipathy churna is targeted mainly to achieve pitta balance whereas Avipattikar churna for all the three dosha specified in Ayurvedic system of medicine. This review provides data on quality control and analytical studies such as Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV) and pharmacological evaluation of Avipathy and Avipattikar churna. The analytical study shows the presence of various marker compounds. This helps to draw new conclusions from existing data to identify research areas. They assure the quality, purity and safety of herbal formulations.
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Sutnga, Queency Evangaline, Savita S. Angadi, and Innocent Sutnga. "Efficacy of Jatyadi Kwatha Gandusha in Management of Pittaja Mukhapaka with special reference to Aphthous Ulcer: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 14, no. 4 (January 7, 2024): 963–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v14i4.3972.
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The condition known as Pittaja Mukhapaka is frequently encountered by patients seeking treatment at the outpatient department of the Ears, Nose, and Throat department. This condition is characterized by inflammation, ulceration, and a burning sensation in the oral mucosa, and is often associated with Aphthous ulcers (Pittaja Mukhapaka). Although modern medicine has several treatment options, including anti-inflammatory drugs, topical corticosteroids, and topical tetracyclines, these treatments have limitations. In contrast, Jatyadi Kwath Churna is a traditional polyherbal composition in ayurvedic medicine that has been used to treat oral problems for centuries. This herbal preparation contains Jati Patra, Guduchi, Draksha, Daru Haridra, Yavasa, Haritaki, Vibhitaki, Madhu, and Amlaki, and is indicated for oral problems in the texts Yogaratnakara and Bhaishajya Ratnavali. Material and Methods: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Jatyadi Kwatha Gandusha for Mukha Rogas, a study was conducted with 30 subjects randomly allocated to either Group A (receiving Gandusha of Jatyadi Kwatha and Madhu) or Group B (receiving Triphala Kwatha). Result: Both groups experienced complete relief from discomfort, burning sensations, and excessive salivation, on analysis between the groups with a statistically significant p-value results are equally effective in both groups. Conclusion: The study successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of Jatyadi Kwatha Gandusha and Triphala Kwatha in managing Pittaja Mukhapaka.
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S, Gnana Prasuna, Manu Rajagopal, Pavan Kumar S, and Harinatha Chary B. "A Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical study of Kanchanara Gutika." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 11, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v11i4.1718.
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Kanchanara gutika is one of the preparations of the Ayurveda, which is used for the treatment of the Thyroid disorders. It is in use since many years with good clinical outcome. But the pharmacognostic and phytochemical studies of the drug has not been carried out yet. Hence to study them this study is planned. Aim: Authentication of the raw drugs of Kanchanara gutika and phytochemical evaluation of the finished product. Materials and methods: The present study deals with the Pharmacognostical identification of the ingredients of Kanchanara Gutika and its physicochemical analysis. Thin Layer chromatography study (TLC) was also developed.Results: Pharmacognostical results showed Pippali catkin with fruit, Maricha with the epicarp and the oil globules, Sunti with oleoresins and vascular bundles, Haritaki with fibres, Amlaki with epicarp and mesocarp, Vibhithaki with stone cells and Kanchanara with xylem and phloem vessels. Qualitative studies shows that Loss of drying 33%, PH 4.72%, Water soluble matter 12%, Alcohol soluble matter 19%, Total ash 3%, Acid insoluble ash 2.5%, Dissolution time 4%, Moisture content 8%. The TLC chromatograph showed five bands at Rf 0.21(Yellow), 0.28 (Grey), 0.47 (Brown), 0.56 (Violet), 0.93 (Orange).Conclusion: Pharmacognostical study revealed genuinity of raw drugs. Physicochemical and TLC studies inferred that the formulation meets the minimum quality standards. The inference from this study may be used as reference standard in the further quality control researches.
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Bhuiyan, MAH, MB Banu, and M. Rahman. "Assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal association in some fruit and spice plants of Rangamati hill district." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 2 (June 7, 2017): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v42i2.32810.
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Rhizosphere soils of some fruit and spice plants from the Hill Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Raikhali, Rangamati were collected during 2011-12 and 2012-13 for counting Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) spore population, determining colonization (%) in their roots and studying AM structure. Assessment of spore population was done by following the Wet Sieving and Decanting Method. The percentage of AM infection was estimated by root slide technique. The spore number of 100g rhizosphere soil was recorded ranging from 120 in rhizosphere soil of Malta plant to a maximum of 410 in Atafal and Sofeda plants during 2011-12 and from 75 in rhizosphere soil of Phalsa plant to a maximum of 327 in Amlaki plant during 2012-13. Different fruit and spice plants showed different percentages of root colonization by AM fungi. Among the fruit and spice plants, the highest colonization (40%) was found in Jabotica, Phalsa and Sofeda plant, and the lowest colonization (6.6%) was found in Rambutan plant during 2011-12, but in 2012-13 the highest (61.3%) was result was observed in Bilatigab plant and the lowest (18.7%) was in Misti lebu, Malta and Tetul plant. The AM fungal structure in the root system of the selected fruit and spice plants varied in irrespective of fruit and spice species. Some plants had vesicles. Hyphae were present in most of the plants. Some plant species recorded Arbuscules. Both oval and spherical shape vesicles were found in this study.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(2): 221-232, June 2017
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Karatolios, Konstantinos, Sabine Pankuweit, Anette Richter, Volker Ruppert, and Bernhard Maisch. "Anticardiac Antibodies in Patients with Chronic Pericardial Effusion." Disease Markers 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9262741.
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Objectives. Chronic pericardial effusion may be challenging in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Specific laboratory parameters predicting the frequency and severity of recurrences after initial drainage of pericardial effusion are lacking.Materials and Methods. Pericardial fluid (PF) and serum (SE) samples from 30 patients with chronic pericardial effusion (PE) who underwent pericardiocentesis and pericardioscopically guided pericardial biopsy were compared with SE and PF samples from 26 control patients. The levels of antimyolemmal (AMLA) and antifibrillary antibodies (AFA) in PE and SE from patients with pericardial effusion as well as PF and SE from controls were determined and compared.Results. AMLAs and AFAs in PF and SE were significantly higher in patients with chronic pericardial effusion than in the control group (AMLAs:p= 0,01 for PF andp= 0,004 for serum; AFAs:p< 0,001 for PF andp= 0,003 for serum). Patients with recurrence of PE within 3 months after pericardiocentesis had significantly higher levels of AMLAs in SE (p= 0,029) than patients without recurrence of PE.Conclusions. The identification of elevated anticardiac antibodies in PE and SE indicates increased immunological reactivity in chronic pericardial effusion. High titer serum levels of AMLAs also correlate with recurrence of pericardial effusion.
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Sarojamma, Vemula, Eedlapalli Siddhartha, and Ramakrishna Vadde. "Antibacterial Effect of Indian Gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica L.) Extract Against ESBL Producing Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 5, no. 2 (February 2024): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1886.
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The most celebrating fruit in Indian traditional medicine Ayurveda is the Indian gooseberry also known as amla fruit, used the prevention of numerous diseases. No reports are available on the prevention of ESBL produced MDR bacteria has lead us to investigate amla’s bioactive compounds (total phenolics, flavonoids, tannins) and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities against MDR bacteria (E coli, P aeruginosa, S aureus, K pneumoniae, H influenza, S typhi). Higher levels of phenolics with elevated levels of antioxidant activities were noticed in amla extracts and also scavenged all types of free radicals including DPPH, ABTS, -OH, H2O2, and superoxide radicals at lowest concentrations. Disc diffusion method was used for determination of antimicrobial activities of extracts and seen temperate growth inhibition against MDR bacteria as compared to control drug, cefotaxime. The results concluded that Indian gooseberry inhibited the growth of ESBL produced MDR bacteria with high levels of phenolics and their antioxidant potential.
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Akter, Tahmina, Qazi Shamima Akther, Saima Haque Lisa, Mst Ariza Sultana, Farhana Sultana, Sharmin Nahar, Sunjida Akter Suma, Sayeda Tasnim Kamal, Tamanna Binte Habib, and Farhana Rahman. "Effects of Iron and Amloki (EmblicaOfficinalis) on Serum Zinc Level in Anaemia with Pregnancy." Bangladesh Medical Journal 49, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v49i1.52587.
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Pregnancy is associated with several trace elements deficiency in developing countries. Supplementation of iron in iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) has several side effects including alterations of serum zinc level. Traditionally, amloki is used as a well known supplement in pregnancy, which is rich in trace elements.To determine the effects of iron and amloki on serum zinc level in IDA with pregnancy. The study was a non blind, non random sampling interventional type of clinical trial. This study was performed in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka on 43 pregnant women between 13th to 20th weeks of gestation with IDA from July 2016 to June 2017. They were recruited from Outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Anaemic pregnant women supplemented with oral iron and amloki were considered as study group (A) and control group (B) were with only iron supplementation for 45 days. Serum zinc level was estimated in the laboratory of the Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. For statistical analysis, Paired Student’s‘t’ test and Unpaired Student’s‘t’ test were considered using SPSS 22.0 version. Significant decrease (p<0.001) of serum zinc level was observed after intervention of iron in both groups. In this study, there was no significant difference in serum zinc level in between study and control group. It can be concluded that oral iron supplementation causes decrease in serum zinc level in IDA with pregnancy. Amloki shows no significant role in preventing decrease of serum zinc level in this study. Emblicaofficinalis (amloki) is traditionally used to treat iron deficiency anaemia. It can increase haemoglobin concentration and decrease side effects of iron supplementation.
Bangladesh Med J. 2020 Jan; 49 (1): 33-37
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Dixit, Vihangesh Kumar, Raghuveer Irchhaiya, Nandlal Singh, and Rishikesh Gupta. "Establishment of Standardization Parameters for Herbal Formulation, Swarasa Bhvit Amalaka Churnam." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 4-A (August 30, 2019): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4-a.3421.
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Herbal formulations are very useful for human health because of their natural and simple processing. A quality herbal formulation must pass the test for their characteristic properties. Inspite of the large number of Ayurvedic formulations are available in the market, standards of their quality are yet to be laid. Amlaka churnam or amalaki rasayanam is a swarasa bhavita, important herbal formulation used for treatment related to immunity systems of human body. In addition to this it is also used for nurturing of skin, heart, eye and stomach. The main ingredient of amalaka churnam is amla (Embalica officinalis) family Euphorbiaceae. Though amalaka churnam is described in many classical Ayurvedic granthas, but there are minor differences in their formulations. Also marketed formulations of amalaki rasayanam by manufacturers do not have description about its standardization. Therefore, it is necessary to develop standard parameters for establishment of quality of the formulation. In this work, a standardization of herbal formulations of amalaka churnam is reported in terms of organoleptic evaluation of ingredients with rasayana formulation, loss of drying analysis, foreign matter, phytochemical screening, pH estimation, evaluation of ash value, extractive value and rheological evaluation.
Keywords: Bhvit, amalaka Churnam, Organoleptic, rheological etc.
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Akter, Tahmina, Qazi Shamima Akther, Saima Haque Lisa, Mst Ariza Sultana, Sunjida Akter Suma, and Rahnuma Ahamad. "Effects of Iron and Amloki (Emblica Officinalis) on Serum Zinc Level in Anaemia with Pregnancy." Medicine Today 33, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v33i01.52163.
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Introduction: Pregnancy is associated with several trace elements deficiency in developing countries. Supplementation of iron in iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) has several side effects including alterations of serum zinc level. Traditionally, amloki is used as a well known supplement in pregnancy, which is rich in trace elements. Aims were to determine the effects of iron and amloki on serum zinc level in IDA with pregnancy.
Materials and Methods: This Prospective, longitudinal and interventional study was done by non blinded, non randomized sampling followed by inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study was performed in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka on 43 pregnant women between 13th to 20th weeks of gestation with IDA from July 2016 to June 2017. They were recruited from Outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Anaemic pregnant women supplemented with oral iron and amloki were considered as study group (A) and control group (B) were with only iron supplementation for 45 days. Serum zinc level was estimated in the laboratory of the Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka. For statistical analysis, Paired Student’s ‘t’ test and Unpaired Student’s ‘t’ test were considered using SPSS 22.0 version.
Results: Significant decrease (p<0.001) of serum zinc level was observed after intervention of iron in both groups. In this study, there was no significant difference in serum zinc level in between study and control group.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that oral iron supplementation causes decrease in serum zinc level in IDA with pregnancy. Amloki shows no significant role in preventing decrease of serum zinc level in this study.
Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(1): 61-64
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Febriyanti, Febriyanti, Rinovian Rais, Iswahyu Pranawukir, Wira Alvio, and Ivan Riyadi. "Education Marketing Strategy in Al-Amalul Khair Palembang Islamic Junior High School." Irfani 18, no. 1 (June 7, 2022): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30603/ir.v18i1.2665.
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This study aims to find out about the education marketing strategy carried out by the Al-Amlaul Khair Islamic Junior High School, as well as the factors that influence the education marketing strategy at the Al-Amlaul Khair Islamic Junior High School. This research method is in the form of qualitative descriptive, data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. The key informant in this study was the principal, and the supporting informants were educators, education staff, students, and the community around the Al-Amlaul Khair Islamic Junior High School. The results of this study indicate that the Al-Amlaul Khair Islamic Junior High School has implemented a fairly good educational marketing strategy, several programs and services are offered and can attract public interest and taste, the promotional activities carried out by the school are quite good and a special team has been formed to promote education. Promotional activities carried out by schools include placing banners, distributing brochures, placing advertisements, and outreach to other schools. There is something unique about the promotion at Al-Amlaul Khair Islamic Junior High School, namely "picking up the ball", in which the school gives a brochure to each student and students distribute it to their respective addresses, if the student succeeds in bringing in a new student, the student will be given a prize. from school.
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Karve, Aniruddha, Taukir Ahmed, Janki Desai, Debanjan Bhattacharya, Donatien Kamdem Toukam, Sidharth Gadgil, Merissa Pemberton, et al. "EXTH-99. SYSTEMIC AND BRAIN PHARMACOKINETICS OF A GABAA RECEPTOR AGONIST, AMLAL-101, AS AN INVESTIGATIONAL THERAPEUTIC FOR THE TREATMENT OF PRIMARY AND METASTATIC BRAIN CANCERS." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (November 1, 2022): vii232—vii233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.897.
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Abstract PURPOSE AMLAL-101 is a novel agent which preferentially targets α3, α5 subtypes of ɣ-amino butyric acid receptors and shows anti-tumor activity against disparate cancer types. AMLAL-101 is being advanced as an ‘add-on’ to potentiate treatment of primary and metastatic brain cancers. However, AMLAL-101 must penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and show sufficient brain retention. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the plasma pharmacokinetics (PK) and quantitative estimate of the BBB permeability of AMLAL-101. METHODS We performed intracranial microdialysis, employing jugular vein cannulated Sprague-Dawley rats which facilitated simultaneous serial blood and brain extracellular fluid (ECF) sampling. AMLAL-101 was injected i.p. at 5 mg/kg and serial blood and brain ECF samples collected up to 10 h post-dosing. Plasma and ECF samples were analyzed by LC/MS-MS and plasma and ECF concentration vs time PK profiles determined. In vivo recovery analysis was performed using retrodialysis and rapid equilibrium dialysis employed to determine the extent of protein binding. RESULTS AMLAL-101 plasma protein binding was 85% and in vivo recovery from ECF was 25%. AMLAL-101 peak concentration (Cmax) in plasma and brain ECF were 15 µM and 13.8 µM, respectively. The plasma and brain ECF area under the concentration (AUC0-10) were 27.5 h.µg/mL and 24.10 h.µg/mL, respectively. The brain partitioning of unbound AMLAL-101 (Kp,uu; determined either as a ratio of brain ECF Cmax:unbound plasma Cmax or brain ECF AUC: unbound plasma AUC), were 6.13 and 4.13, respectively. The elimination half-life of AMLAL-101 was 3 h for both brain ECF and plasma. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that AMLAL-101 has the requisite BBB permeability required for brain cancer therapeutics. AMLAL-101 shows significant brain retention when compared to a chemically similar agent that does not show anti-cancer activity, which may contribute to efficacy of AMLAL-101 as an anti-tumor agent for treatment of brain cancers.
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Latif, Chefi Abdul. "PEMBIAYAAN MUDHARABAH DAN PEMBIAYAAN MUSYARAKAH DI PERBANKAN SYARIAH." AKSY: Jurnal Ilmu Akuntansi dan Bisnis Syariah 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/aksy.v2i1.7857.
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ABSTRAK Mudharabah adalah akad kerja sama pemilik modal dan pengelola modal dimana keuntungan dan kerugian dibagi berdasarkan kesepakatan oleh beberapa pihak yang terlibat. Musyarakah adalah akad kerjasama dua pihak atau lebih untuk berserikat dalam modal serta keuntungan dan kerugian yang diperoleh dibagi berdasarkan kesepakatan secara proporsional. Dasar hukum pembiayaan mudharabah dan pembiayaan musyarakah ada dalam al-Quran, Hadist, dan Ijma‟. Produk hukum yang mengatur kedua pembiayaan tersebut yaitu Perundang-undangan, Peraturan Bank Indonesia, Fatwa DSN MUI. Sebelum melaksanakan akad pembiayaan mudharabah dan musyarakah perlu diketahui dan diaktualisasikannya syarat dan rukun daripada kedua pembiayaan tersebut. Pembiayaan mudharabah terbagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu mudharabah muthlaqah dan mudharabah muqayyadah sedangkan Pembiayaan musyarakah terbagi kepada dua bagian, yaitu syirkah al-amlak dan syirkah al-„uqud. Syirkah al-amlak terdiri dari, yaitu syirkah al-jabr dan syirkah al-ikhtiyar. Sedangkan syirkah al-„uqud terdiri dari empat jenis, yaitu syirkah al-mufawadhah, syirkah al-„inan, syirkah al-wujuh, syirkah al-„amal, dan syirkah mudharabah. Impelementasi pembiayaan mudharabah dan pembiayaan musyarakah diperbankan syariah sudah berkembang dan lengkap sesuai dengan peraturan perbankan syariah. Kata kunci: Mudharabah, Musyarakah, Dasar Hukum, Produk Hukum, Rukun Dan Syarat, Pembagian Mudharabah Dan Musyarakah, Implementasi Mudharabah Dan Musyarakah Diperbankan Syariah.
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Batty, Nicolas, Elham Ghonimi, Lei Feng, Luis Fayad, Anas Younes, Maria Alma Rodriguez, Jorge Enrique Romaguera, et al. "Comparison of the international prognostic factors index (IPI) with the absolute monocyte and lymphocyte prognostic index (AMLPI) for patients (Pts) with diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) receiving R-CHOP." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 8067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.8067.
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8067 Background: We studied the value of a proposed prognostic index (PI) generated by baseline absolute monocyte (AMC) and lymphocyte (ALC) counts for pts with DLBCL, using values as previously reported (Leukemia 25:1502-9, 2011). Methods: From 03/07 to 01/09, 245 consecutive pts with untreated DLBCL receiving standard R-CHOP from the MDACC database were evaluated. Baseline AMC and ALC were retrospectively recorded. High AMC (≥610/uL) and a low ALC (≤1000/uL) were examined as dichotomized variables for progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). An AMLPI was generated, stratifying pts into 3 risk groups (RGs): low-(AMC <610/uL and ALC >1000/uL), intermediate-(AMC ≥610/uL or ALC ≤1000/uL), and high-risk(AMC ≥610/uL and ALC ≤1000/uL). The prognostic effect of the AMLPI and the IPI were examined by multivariate analysis (MVA). Results: Ninety (37%) had high AMC and 71 (29%) had low ALC. By univariate analysis, a high AMC was associated with inferior PFS (p=0.01) and OS (p=0.03). The frequencies of AMLPI RGs were: low-105 pts (43%), intermediate-119 (48%), and high risk-21 (9%). With a median follow-up of 22 months (range <1-42), 3-year PFS and OS rates for these RGs were 80%, 61%, and 46% (p=0.007) and 92%, 76%, and 60% (p=0.006), respectively. Three-year PFS rates for IPI 0-2 and 3-5 RGs were 73% and 58%, respectively (p=0.0004); comparable OS rates were 88% and 68%(p<0.0001). For pts with IPI 0-2, 1-year PFS rates for AMLPI low, intermediate, and high RGs were 92%, 89% and 80% (p=0.022); comparable 1-year OS rates were 96%, 95% and 80% (p=0.049). By MVA, AMLPI effect (low vs. high RGs) on PFS was significant (p=0.046) as was IPI effect (0-2 vs 3-5, p=0.005); similar results were observed for OS (p=0.052 and p=0.003, respectively). Conclusions: Baseline AMC and AMLPI are significant variables for PFS and OS for pts with DLBCL receiving R-CHOP. AMLPI can identify pts with low, intermediate, and high-risk disease for PFS and OS, particularly for those with IPI 0-2. AMLPI may also add prognostic value beyond that of the IPI.
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Bhattacharya, Debanjan, Riccardo Barille, Donatien Kamdem Toukam, Vaibhavkumar Gawali, Laura Kallay, Taukir Ahmed, James Cook, et al. "RBIO-02. ACTIVATION OF GABAA RECEPTORS WITH A NON-TOXIC, BRAIN PENETRANT SMALL MOLECULE SENSITIZES LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA PRIMARY AND BRAIN METASTATIC TUMOR CELLS TO RADIATION VIA AUTOPHAGY INDUCTION." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (November 1, 2022): vii247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.954.
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Abstract Most advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have brain metastases that render a dismal prognosis. Treatment of metastatic brain lesions from NSCLC and other tumor types include radiation as part of a multimodal treatment regimen. Challenges in the application of radiotherapy include overcoming radiation resistance and reducing associated co-morbidities. Non-toxic therapeutics capable of sensitizing tumors to radiation are needed to improve survival and mitigate radiation side-effects. Many CNS and solid systemic tumors express ligand-gated ion channels, which may contribute to tumor growth. Leveraging ion channels is therefore a potential way of diminishing the spread of cancer. We find that NSCLC and its brain metastases express subunits of the type-A GABA-gated chloride channel or GABAA receptor. Importantly, patient-derived NSCLC cells have functional GABAA receptors. We identified a brain penetrant, small molecule activator of GABAA receptors (AMLAL-101), which alone impairs the viability of both primary NSCLC cells and brain metastatic cells. In addition, AMLAL-101 combined with radiation is a highly potent inducer of NSCLC cell death and clonogenic arrest. Using a human ex vivo model of NSCLC-on-chip, we assessed the efficacy and toxicity of AMLAL-101 relative to Docetaxel, an antimicrotubular agent used in treating advanced NSCLC. AMLAL-101 is as potent as Docetaxel but does not exhibit its toxic side effects. AMLAL-101 also potentiates radiation in vivo, significantly reducing lung adenocarcinoma xenograft tumor growth in mice, equivalent to docetaxel plus radiation. Mechanistically, AMLAL-101 activates GABAA receptors in NSCLC and synergizes with radiation by inducing an autophagic response that includes: (i) stabilization of Beclin-1, BNIP3L/NIX, and GABARAP; (ii) ATG7 upregulation; and (iii) utilization of ubiquitin-binding protein p62. Activating GABAA receptors in NSCLC and other tumor types may improve radiation efficacy and mitigate its toxic side effects in treating brain metastases.
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Toukam, Donatien Kamdem, Debanjan Bhattacharya, Vaibhavkumar Gawali, Laura Kallay, Aniruddha Karve, Pankaj Desai, James Cook, et al. "RBIO-01. ACTIVATING AN ION CHANNEL PROMOTES RADIATION-SENSITIZING IMMUNE-DRIVEN ANTI-TUMOR ACTIVITY." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (November 1, 2022): vii246—vii247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.953.
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Abstract Standard-of-care for melanoma brain metastases is moving to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with immunotherapy. Although this combined approach shows improved patient survival, the responses are not durable. SRS can also cause adverse reactions such as radiation necrosis, which can result in significant morbidity and even mortality. Lowering SRS dose without negatively impacting its effectiveness would therefore be highly beneficial clinically. Our published data suggests that when treating syngeneic mouse model B16F10 melanoma tumors, the radiation dose can be reduced and its effectiveness can be improved, by activating intrinsic melanoma GABAA receptor (GABAAR) activity using a novel agent, AMLAL-101. This agent acts to enhance GABAAR mediated chloride transport in melanoma cells, which in turn triggers mitochondrial dysregulation associated with tumor regression in mice. While AMLAL-101 alone reduces tumor growth, combining it with radiation results in near complete regression of the irradiated tumor, as well as shrinking of tumor not in the radiation field due to an immune response, i.e., a potent abscopal effect. AMLAL-101 may also function to regulate immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. Analysis of AMLAL-101 treated tumors show increased infiltration into the tumor microenvironment of: (1) polyfunctional (TNFα/IFN-γ) CD8+ T cells; and (2) tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) of the tumor inhibitory M1-phenotype, possibly due to IFN-γ stimulation. We posit that activating GABAAR with AMLAL-101 promotes both a ‘direct’ anti-tumor response and an ‘indirect’, immune-driven anti-tumor activity in metastatic melanoma tumors. AMLAL-101 may address an urgent unmet need for a non-toxic therapeutic that can potentiate radiation and mitigate its toxicity profile to positively impact clinical outcomes of patients with brain metastatic disease treated with radiotherapy.
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Ayenachew, Derese. "Medieval Ge’ez land grants of Aṣe Waša Maryam church in Wägda (1344-1432)." Annales d'Ethiopie 33, no. 1 (2020): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ethio.2020.1696.
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The old district of Wägda was situated on the frontiers of the ancient sultanate of Šäwa. It is said to be one of the core Christian settlement areas in Šäwa during the power struggle of King Y ekuno Amlak (r. 1270-1285) against the Zagwe king Yetbaräk. King Yekuno Amlak would have recruited soldiers from the Wägda Christian community to establish the Solomonic dynasty in 1270. Land grant documents from the present church of Aṣe Waša Maryam in Wägda demonstrate the early presence of medieval kings. Oral informants indicate that Aṣe Waša Maryam was established by King Säyfä Ar’ad (r. 1344-1380), when he installed his royal camp in this place. Three Ge’ez land grants mention lands chartered to the two churches of Maryam and Mika’el, and in memory of a dignitary called ras Baro during the reigns of King Säyfä Ar’ad, King Dawit (r. 1380-1412), and of the rarely referred to King Ḥezbä Nañ (r. 1430-1432). These land donations were probably documented successively during the reigns of the aforementioned kings. They witness the expansion of the Christian kings in Wägda that was dominated for centuries by the sultanate of Šäwa. This paper intends to present the Ge’ez land grant documents that were donated to different churches in Wägda during the reigns of Kings Säyfä Ar’ad, Dawit, and Ḥәzbä Nañ. It also introduces additional information on the political organization of a regional court of this period.
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Hafid. "PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM MENINGKATKAN SINERGI ANTAR MASYARAKAT NELAYAN." SIRAJUDDIN : Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Pendidikan Islam 3, no. 1 (December 30, 2023): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.55120/sirajuddin.v3i1.1698.
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Islamic education is one of the important pillars in community development. Islamiceducation can play a role in increasing synergy between fishing communities. This is becauseIslamic education teaches the values of togetherness, mutual assistance and mutualcooperation. These values can become the basis for fishing communities to work togetherto improve their welfare. This type of research is classified as qualitative with the researchapproach used being a normative and sociological approach, namely environmentalinteractions in accordance with social units, individuals, groups, institutions or society. Thedata source for this research is the fishing community. Furthermore, the data collectionmethods used were observation, interviews and documentation. Then data processing andanalysis techniques are carried out through three stages, namely: data reduction, datapresentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the research concluded that IslamicEducation, Syirkah Cooperation Agreements were divided into two types, namely syirkahamlak and syirkah uqud. Where syirkah amlak is divided into two forms, namely syirkahamlak ikhtiyar and syirkah amlak ijbar. Meanwhile, regarding the division of uqud syirkah,scholars differ in their form. However, according to But, several jurists have differentopinions in dividing the various types of al-Uqud syirkah, namely: according to Hanabilah thissyirkah is divided into five, including; Syirkah 'Inan, Syirkah Mufawadhah, Syirkah Abdan,Syirkah Wujuh, Syirkah Mudharabah. Meanwhile, according to Hanafiyah, this syirkah isdivided into six, namely; Syirkah Amwal, Syirkah A'mal, Syirkah Wujuh, each of these threeforms is divided into mufawadhah and 'inan. According to Malikiyah and Syafi'iyah, thissyirkah is divided into four, including; Syirkah 'Inan, Syirkah Mufawadhah, Syirkah Abdan,Syirkah Wujuh. Shirkah if it has fulfilled the pillars of syirkah, namely the presence of partiesand consent.
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Akter, Tahmina, and Qazi Shamima Akhter. "Effect of Emblica Officinalis (amloki) on iron status in pregnant women with iron deficiency anaemia." Journal of Bangladesh Society of Physiologist 14, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v14i1.41994.
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Background: Common clinical practice of prescribing Iron supplementation for Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnancy is associated with a number of side effects. Emblica officinalis (amloki) is a well known dietary supplement used by traditional practitioners to treat anemia.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of oral supplementation of Emblica officinalis on iron status in pregnant women with IDA.
Methods: This prospective interventional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College (DMC), Dhaka from July 2016 to June 2017 on 43 pregnant women aged 18 to 36 years between 13th to 20th weeks of gestation with IDA. They were recruited from the Out-patient department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, DMC Hospital. Among them 24 were supplemented with amloki and iron (IAS) and 19 women received only iron supplementation (IS). Study variables were estimated at the baseline and after 45 days of supplementation. Serum iron, ferritin and Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were estimated following standard laboratory methods. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. Paired and Unpaired Student’s t-test were used for statistical analysis.
Results: Serum iron levels were significantly higher (p<0.001) and serum TIBC were significantly lower (p<0.001) in both groups after supplementation compared to their baseline value. But post supplementation serum ferritin level was significantly higher (p<0.01) only in IAS group compared to that of the baseline. Again, after intervention, serum iron level was significantly higher (p<0.05) and serum TIBC was significantly lower (p<0.01) in IAS group when compared with those of IS group.
Conclusions: Data concluded that oral Emblica officinalis supplement along with iron was more effective than only iron supplementation to improve serum iron status in pregnant women with IDA.
J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2019, June; 14(1): 1-6
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Parvez, MS, N. Jashin, MT Yesmin, MSA Reza, and N. Akter. "Proximate, Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activity of Amla Powder and Amla Candy." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 13, no. 1-2 (July 6, 2022): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v13i1-2.60693.
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Amla is sour and astringent taste fruit, making the fruit less palatable to eat directly as fresh fruit; hence it can be consumed in processed form. Preparing powder and candy from amla fruit can increase its acceptability, the market value of it and be utilized to develop new value-added products. Considering this, the present study was designed to evaluate the nutritional compositions, vitamin C content, beta-carotene content, and antioxidant activity of fresh amla and two amla products such as amla powder and amla candy. Between the two products, amla powder contained a significantly (P < 0.05) high amount of dietary fiber (17.67%), protein (4.98%), and ash (9.82%) contents than fresh amla and amla candy. Between two products, vitamin C (298.3 mg/100gm) and beta-carotene (113.55 mg/100gm) contents were significantly (P < 0.05) high in amla powder. But amla candy showed high antioxidant activity (77.75%) than amla powder (59.2%). Results of this study suggested that amla and amla products are a good source of nutrients like vitamin C and different bioactive components. Amla can be utilized in diets as candy and dehydrated powder or flour which is easily included in food formulations due to its excellent nutritional qualities. Optimization of its use is beneficial in terms of nutritional and economical points of view.
Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 13(1&2): 82-86, 2020
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Gul, Subhani. "NOTE ON SOME A BUDDHIST NARRATIVE RELIEFS FROM AMLUK-DARA STUPA, SWAT." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 04 (December 31, 2022): 884–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i04.899.
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The general theme behind the Gandhara art was the iconography of Budhha i.e. Buddhha life stories, previous life stories, miracles etc. There is some variation in depiction of sculptures sometime due to sectarian and regional variation. The present study is therefore focused on some Buddhist narrative reliefs from Amluk-dara stupa wherein the unique narrative scenes are depicted. Keywords: Gandhara, Amluk-dara, Birth of Siddhārtha, First bath of Siddhārtha.
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Somasekhar, Vanita, Purnima Ashok, Sri Adibatla Renuka Kameswari, Ramaswamy Rajendran, and Rajpreet Singh. "Comparative antioxidant and bioavailability studies of Vitamin C in Phyllanthus emblica Linn. and its combinations with Piper nigrum Linn. and Zingiber officinale Roscoe." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 52, no. 1 (March 2016): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502016000100005.
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ABSTRACT Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (amla) is used in Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine and its major constituent is vitamin C which has effective free radical scavenging property. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity and the bioavailability profile of vitamin C in amla and its combinations with piperine and ginger in comparison to synthetic vitamin C using New Zealand rabbits. In vitro antioxidant activity studies of synthetic vitamin C, amla, amla with piperine and amla with ginger were carried out using different models such as 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Nitric Oxide, Hydrogen peroxide scavenging methods, Total reductive capability and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity estimation. The study results showed that synthetic vitamin C, amla, amla with piperine and amla with ginger possess significant in vitro antioxidant activity. For bioavailability studies, synthetic vitamin C, amla, amla with piperine and amla with ginger 100 mg/kg, were administered orally and the serum samples were analyzed by HPLC at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 hours. Bioavailability studies revealed that amla with piperine combination has higher concentration of vitamin C when compared to synthetic vitamin C. This is probably due to presence of piperine, which is a bioavailability enhancer. The present study supports the fact that amla with piperine combination can be an alternative to synthetic vitamin C.
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Pamidighantam, Prabhakara Rao, Usha Kiran Bojja, Narsing Rao Galla, Sulochanamma Guruguntla, Srinivasulu Korra, Madhusudhan Rao Dasari, and Sathiya Mala Kripanand. "Preparation and storage stability of amla (Phyllanthus emblica) based instant pulihora mix - a South Indian traditional food condiment." Croatian journal of food science and technology 15, no. 1 (June 14, 2023): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17508/cjfst.2023.15.1.12.
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Amla (Phyllanthus emblica Linn) is an important crop, indigenous to Indian subcontinent, which is used in alternative medicine, health foods and herbal products. An attempt was made to add value to the highly perishable and seasonable raw material and produce a convenient, shelf stable instant mix for south Indian cuisines. The standardized instant amla pulihora mix (APM) consisted of amla powder (AP, 26%), roasted ground nuts, bengal gram, black gram, green chili, salt (18%) and spices. The titrable acidity of amla powder and amla pulihora mix was 15.1 and 6.4%, respectively. Amla pulihora mix was a rich source of Ca (191.18 mg/100 g), Fe (21.19 mg/100 g) and a considerable amount of proteins (11.2%). The total polyphenol content in amla powder and the amla pulihora mix was found to be 9989 and 3093 mg/100 g, respectively. HPLC analysis revealed that tannic acid and ascorbic acid contents of amla powder were 8102.1, 1601.21 mg/100 g, respectively, and ascorbic acid in amla pulihora mix was found to be 440.21 mg/100 g. Retention of ascorbic acid was higher in the amla pulihora mix (84%), when compared to amla powder (22%), over a storage period of six months. The antioxidant activity (IC50) of amla powder and the amla pulihora mix, as assayed by DPPH and ABTS, were 0.7 and 0.2 mg/ml and 0.28 and 0.17 mg/ml, respectively. Sensory evaluation of the amla pulihora mix indicated that the product was highly acceptable, when mixed with cooked rice in the ratio of 1: 6.9 w/w. The shelf-life of the product was 6 months with a sensory acceptability score of 8. The equilibrium moisture content- relative humidity studies indicated that both the amla powder and amla pulihora mix were non-hygroscopic and stable at room temperature (28±2 °C) up to 6 months when packed in metalized polyester polyethylene pouches. Microbiological analysis indicated both products as safe for consumption up to 6 months storage.
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Chinnadurai, Saravanan, Ananya Muralidharan, Gokula Krishna Venkataramanan, Keerthivarman Kumar, Akash Raj Ramu, and Stalin Selvaraj. "Evaluation of Bioaccessibility of Vitamin C from Four Different Commercial Amla Products Using a Modified In Vitro Digestion Model." EAS Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences 6, no. 02 (March 6, 2024): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjnfs.2024.v06i02.001.
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The present study aims to evaluate the bioaccessibility of vitamin C from 4 different Amla-based products compared with the Raw Amla using a modified dynamic customized in vitro digestion model. We chose 4 different amla products including amla juice, honey amla, dry amla, and amla powder for our study for the estimation of vitamin C. The results indicated that before in vitro digestion, the quantity of vitamin C is higher (45 mg/g) compared with other formulations. This may be due to the degradation of the amla matrix during powder making. Then, we carried out a dynamic in vitro digestion process sequentially from the mouth phase into the intestinal phase. Briefly, equal volumes of amla product and salivary enzymes were mixed thoroughly for 5 minutes, transferred to the stomach phase by mixing with porcine gastric juice, and made a pH of 3 for 2 hours. Finally, the digested foodstuffs were transferred and mixed with porcine intestinal juice for 2 hours. Once the intestinal digestion is finished, the overall digest is filtered using 0.3-micron filter paper for collecting micellar phase from the supernatant for vitamin C quantification. The results indicated that the amount of vitamin C entered the micellar is higher in the case of amla powder compared with other formulations (25 mg/g). Therefore, among the different amla products, dry amla (57.8 %) and amla juice (56.8%) exhibited better sources of vitamin C to facilitate bioactivity and also ameliorate vitamin C deficiency disorders.
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Venter, Santa-Marie, Roopam Dey, Vikas Khanduja, Richard PB von Bormann, and Michael Held. "The management of acute knee dislocations: A global survey of orthopaedic surgeons’ strategies." SICOT-J 7 (2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sicotj/2021017.
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Purpose: Great variety and controversies surround the management strategies of acute multiligament knee injuries (aMKLIs) and no established guidelines exist for resource-limited practices. The aim of this study was to compare the management approach of acute knee dislocations (AKDs) by orthopedic surgeons from nations with different economic status. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional scenario-based survey compares different management strategies for aMLKIs of surgeons in developed economic nations (DEN) and emerging markets and developing nations (EMDN). The main areas of focus were operative versus non-operative management, timing and staging of surgery, graft choice and vascular assessment strategies. The members of the Societe Internationale de Chirurgie Orthopedique et de Traumatologie (SICOT) were approached to participate and information was collected regarding their demographics, experience, hospital setting and management strategies of aMLKIs. These were analyzed after categorizing participants into DEN and EMDN based on the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Results: One-hundred and thirty-eight orthopedic surgeons from 47 countries participated in this study, 67 from DEN and 71 (51.4%) from EMDN. DEN surgeons had more years of experience and were older (p < 0.05). Surgeons from EMDN mostly worked in public sector hospitals, were general orthopedic surgeons and treated patients from a low-income background. They preferred conservative management and delayed reconstruction with autograft (p < 0.05) if surgery was necessary. Surgeons from DEN favored early, single stage arthroscopic ligament reconstruction. Selective Computerized Tomography Angiography (CTA) was the most preferred choice of arterial examination for both groups. Significantly more EMDN surgeons preferred clinical examination (p < 0.05) and duplex doppler scanning (p < 0.05) compared to DEN surgeons. More surgeons from EMDN did not have access to a physiotherapist for their patients. Conclusions: Treatment of aMLKIs vary significantly based on the economic status of the country. Surgeons from DEN prefer early, single stage arthroscopic ligament reconstruction, while conservative management is favored in EMDN. Ligament surgery in EMDN is often delayed and staged. EMDN respondents utilize duplex doppler scanning and clinical examination more readily in their vascular assessment of aMLKIs. These findings highlight very distinct approaches to MLKIs in low-resource settings which are often neglected when guidelines are generated.
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M N, Thimmegowda, Mudalagiriyappa, Ramachandrappa B K, Vasanti B. G., Savitha M. S., Santosh Nagappa Ningoji, M. Madan Kumar, and K. M. Puneetha. "Growth, yield and economics of amla (Emblica officinalis L.) based agri-horticultural system in Alfisols of semi-arid tropic." Environment Conservation Journal 23, no. 3 (September 18, 2022): 439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.9962236.
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An intercropping trial conducted during 2011 to 2017 using five year old amla (Emblica officinalis L.) orchard planted at 4 X 4 m spacing and grown under rainfed condition to identify the suitable and profitable intercrops. The intercrops viz, finger millet, fodder maize, field bean, grain amaranth, cowpea, horsegram were considered in the study besides their pure stand. Growth parameter of amla such as plant height (369 cm), number of branches/tree (2.73), stem diameter (35.31 cm), canopy spread (279 cm) and biomass yield (296 kg/ha ) was found to be statistically significant with Amla intercropped with field bean compared with sole amla. The higher amla equivalent yield was recorded in intercropping with finger millet (1517 kg/ha) and was at par with cowpea (1298 kg/ha). Finger millet proved to be better intercrop in amla and registered 57.11 per cent higher net returns and Benefit cost ratio than sole amla. Overall, Amla + finger millet cropping system was found to be more sustainable both interms of benefit cost ratio (2.43) and improving system productivity (104.44 %) followed by pulse crop such as cowpea and field bean. The higher sustainable yield index (0.83) was with amla + finger millet intercropping system while Land Equivalent Ratio and Area Time Equivalent Ratio were higher with amla + field bean intercropping system.
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Sanjeewa, Pawan, Pagthinathan Mylvaganam, Vanajah Liyinthan, and Thanushi Nayanathara Janaranjana. "Evaluation of Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Ice Cream Incorporating Processed Amla." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 5, no. 1 (January 26, 2023): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.1.600.
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Amla incorporated ice cream can be considered as an herbal ice cream and a healthy food and the present study was designed develop various types of Amla ice cream using Amla juice, Amla powder, and dried Amla (candy), and to evaluate its physicochemical and sensory properties during four weeks of storage at 10℃ frozen temperature. The results of this study revealed that, the total solid (37.78±0.02%), fat (8.87±0.31%) and total soluble solid (28.93±0.14%) content were significantly (p<0.05) higher in without Amla incorporated ice cream. The titratable acidity (0.55±0.01%) content was significantly (p<0.05) higher in Amla juice incorporated ice cream. pH was significantly higher without Amla incorporated ice cream (6.58±0.01%). Amla juice incorporated ice cream showed the highest antioxidant activity (131.0mg/ml) and least value (72.14 mg/ml) showed in without Amla incorporated ice cream. The first dripping time was significantly (p<0.05) higher in candy incorporated ice cream (14.29±0.25 min) and lowest value showed in without Amla incorporated ice cream (6.04±0.61 min). During storage, the total solid, ash, fat, total soluble solid content, acidity, and dripping time were significantly (p<0.05) increased. Moisture content, pH content, antioxidant activity and melting rate were significantly (p<0.05) decreased with the storage period. Sensory properties were evaluated though the panel of 10 members. As a result of organoleptic characteristics revealed that, 5% of dried Amla (candy) incorporated ice cream had the highest mean score (throughout the storage period) of overall quality of all sensorial properties namely, color, taste, texture, aroma, and overall acceptability. Finally, it could be concluded that the processed Amla is enriching the ice cream manufacture and it is important to improvement of human nutrition.
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Wheatley, Keith, Cassey L. Brookes, Robert K. Hills, Anthony H. Goldstone, Donald W. Milligan, Archie G. Prentice, Anthony V. Moorman, and Alan K. Burnett. "Prognostic Factors in Older AML Patients Receiving Intensive and Non-Intensive Therapy: Analysis of the UK AML11 and AML14 Trials." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.674.674.
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Abstract AML is a heterogeneous disease and several prognostic factors are well established in younger patients. Less work has been done on parameters affecting outcome in older patients, aged 60 years or over, especially in the majority who receive non-intensive therapy. We used data from the Medical Research Council AML11 trial (n=842) to develop a prognostic index and validated this using the subsequent Leukaemia Research Fund AML14 trial (n=943). Patients in AML11 received intensive standard induction chemotherapy (daunorubicin/Ara-C based); those in AML14 received either similar intensive therapy (AML14I, n=790) or non-intensive therapy with either hydroxyurea or low-dose Ara-C (AML14NI, n=153). Patients with APL were excluded from AML11 analysis since they were not eligible for AML14. Overall survival (OS) was analysed using multivariate Cox regression modelling to identify factors independently related to outcome, and a prognostic index was created for OS using the regression coefficients. From this patients were assigned to 3 equal sized risk groups (good, standard, poor). In AML11, adverse cytogenetics (−5, del(5q), −7, abn(3q), complex), increasing white blood count (WBC), secondary AML, poor performance status (PS) and increasing age were related to poor OS (all p<0.0001). Validation using AML14I confirmed these findings for cytogenetics, WBC and secondary AML, but not for age or PS. In AML14NI, poor OS was predicted by adverse cytogenetics, poor PS and high WBC, but not by age or type of AML (de novo/secondary). OS by risk group for each trial is shown in the table. In all three trials, the differences between risk groups were highly significant (all p<0.0001), though by three years all patients in AML14NI had died apart from one good risk patient. A greater proportion of AML14I patients fell into the good risk group (68%) than in AML11, suggesting that, when a non-intensive option is available, clinicians tend to opt for this for older and/or less fit patients, perhaps explaining the lack of prognostic significance of age and PS in AML14I. Although the outcome of older AML patients is worse than younger patients, this study shows that it is still possible to identify risk groups, using similar parameters to those found in younger patients. These can be used to determine, through prospective stratification of randomised trials by risk group, which patients should be offered intensive therapy with curative intent with the prospect of reasonable survival, and which should not. Similarly, with non-intensive therapy, patients vary considerably in their outcome, though none have good survival, and some patients should probably be offered palliative care only. Overall survival by risk group Survival at 1 year (%) Survival at 3 years (%) Risk Group Good Standard Poor Good Standard Poor AML11 55 40 15 25 13 7 AML14I 55 30 20 25 8 8 AML14NI 23 12 2 2 0 0
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Klyuev, Sergey A., and Valeria N. Semenova. "The Results of New Research in the Tigray Region, Ethiopia: Three Rock-hewn Churches of Kola Tembien as Historical Sources." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 13, no. 2 (2021): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2021.203.
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The article is devoted to the results of research focused on three rock-hewn churches, which are not well-represented in literature, in Kola Tembien of the Tigray region in Ethiopia. Fieldwork was carried out with the financial support of the Russian foundation for Basic Research. Trips to the site were conducted in the autumn of 2019 and 2020. The problems of dating and typology is the focus of this research. In the article, three churches are described — Mikaʼel ʽAddi Kawa, Abunä Fäqadä Amlak in ʽAdi Śərä and Maryam Degol Chako. Special reference is made to the architectural ties of these three monuments with others of the region in order to reveal the possible mutual influence of architectural constructions and some decorative elements. Information on these churches has not been published since the time of cooperative research by Ruth Plant and David Buxton in the 1970s. Particular attention in the article is paid to the churches Abunä Fäqadä Amlak inʽAdi Śərä and Maryam Degol Chako as they have very rich paintings on canvas dating from the middle of the XX century. These paintings are valuable not only as art objects of Christian Ethiopia, but also as important sources of the cultural and political history of Tigray. Unfortunately, the preservation of these paintings in the studied churches raises concerns. The article presents new authentic material on the described churches. Photographs of the interiors are published for the first time. In addition, on the basis of the iconographic and architectural analysis, a number of hypotheses by the author are presented for further discussion and verification. It is worth noting the possibility of reconstructing the previous basilica rock-hewn churches into centric structures by building the interior the walls.
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Jain, Shilpi, and Dr Saras Tiwari. "Assessment of physicochemical characteristics of effluents from orient paper mills Amlai dist. Shahdol (M.P.)." International Journal of Advanced Academic Studies 6, no. 2 (February 1, 2024): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/27068919.2024.v6.i2a.1107.
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Amlani, Harsh. "Microleakage: Apical Seal vs Coronal Seal." World Journal of Dentistry 4, no. 2 (2013): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1215.
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ABSTRACT Microorganisms can reach the dental pulp through the open cavity, dentinal tubules, gingival sulcus, periodontal ligament through a broken occlusal seal or faulty restoration of tooth previously treated by endodontic therapy or extension of a periapical infection from adjacent infected teeth. During operative procedures, these possible paths must be considered to prevent ingress. While endodontic therapy is being performed, these paths must be blocked to avoid contamination during and after the treatment. Well treated tooth might also fail if microorganisms reach the periradicular tissues. After root canal obliteration, care must be taken to ensure maintenance of the coronal as well as apical seal from contaminants. How to cite this article Amlani H, Hegde V. Microleakage: Apical Seal vs Coronal Seal. World J Dent 2013;4(2):113-116.
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C. A., Raju,, Shamshad Begum, S., and Kalpana, B. "Nutritional Evaluation of Peanut Chikki Incorporated with Amla Pomace Powder." European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety 16, no. 4 (March 30, 2024): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i41407.
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Amla processing generates a significant amount of amla residue, known as amla pomace, which is a valuable byproduct. Amla pomace is rich in nutrients and can be utilized as a raw material for further processing and value addition. In this study, peanut chikki was developed by adding amla pomace powder as a functional ingredient at different levels (2%, 4%, and 6%) along with peanuts, and compared with a control sample. The chikki with 6% amla pomace (T3) had the highest overall acceptability score (7.85) compared to other variations. The nutrient composition of the most preferred chikki included protein (10.2g), fat (15.6g), dietary fiber (6.5g), carbohydrates (50g), and 26 mg/100g of ascorbic acid. Storage studies showed an increase in moisture, and peroxide value, a decrease in sensory scores and ascorbic acid content over time. However, the microbiological load remained within acceptable limits. This study demonstrates that amla pomace powder can be successfully incorporated into peanut chikki, providing nutritional and health benefits while addressing waste management issues.
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Rahayu Artini, Ni Putu, and Putu Lakustini Cahyaningrum. "FORMULASI KRIM EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH AMLA (Phyllanthus emblica L.) DAN UJI EFEKTIVITAS TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus Aureus." JURNAL WIDYA BIOLOGI 10, no. 02 (October 1, 2019): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32795/widyabiologi.v10i02.410.
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Ekstrak etanol buah amla mengandung flavonoid, fenol, tannin, dan terpenoid serta memiliki aktifitas sebagai antibakteri yang efektif untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus merupakan salah satu bakteri penyebab jerawat. Pemanfaatan buah amla sebagai obat jerawat alami dapat ditingkatkan efektivitasnya dengan memformulasikan ekstrak etanol buah amla menjadi sediaan krim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri melawan bakteri Stapylococcus aureus dan sifat fisik (viskositas, daya sebar, dan pH) dalam sediaan krim ekstrak etanol buah amla. Pembuatan ekstrak etanol buah amla dilakukan dengan metode maserasi. Krim dibuat dalam basis vanishing cream dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 2%, 4%, dan 8%. Hasil uji sifat fisik dianalisis secara deskriptif. Ekstrak etanol buah amla dengan konsentrasi 2%, 4%, dan 8% menghasilkan suatu sediaan krim dengan sifat fisik yang berbeda. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak etanol buah amla dalam krim akan meningkatkan viskositas, daya lekat, dan pH stabil. Krim ekstrak etanol buah amla konsentrasi 2%, 4%, dan 8% memberikan penghambatan yang berbeda terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Semakin besar konsentrasi, semakin besar pula daya hambat yang dihasilkan. Zona hambat yang dihasilkan secara berturut- turut yaitu sebesar 8,00±0,48 mm; 9,20 ± 0,28 mm; dan 10,30 ± 0,43 mm.
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Shanthi, S., M. Sahina Begum, and M. Senthuja. "In- vitro Antioxidant and Anti-aging activity of a Traditional Ayurvedic Formulation." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, August 31, 2023, 3521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52711/0974-360x.2023.00581.
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Aging is an inevitable process for all living organisms. When the skin ages, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are generated, which results in an increase in Hyaluronidase, Collagenase and Elastase, further contributing to skin aging. Amalaki Rasayana (AR) which is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation was investigated to assess its anti-oxidant and anti-aging properties. In order to assess radical scavenging activity, plant extracts/formulations were tested for their ability to scavenge DPPH and nitric oxide radicals. The alcoholic extract was prepared with Amalaki Rasayana (AR) and used for phyto-chemical, anti- oxidant and anti- aging studies. The phyto-chemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids. The in- vitro anti- oxidant activity of Amlaki Rasayana (AR) was carried out by DPPH and Nitric oxide radical scavenging assay method. The DPPH assay revealed the concentration dependent scavenging activity with the extract and the results are comparable with standard quercetin. The percentage inhibition was more at 1000 μg/ml of the ethanol extract in Nitric oxide scavenging assay. The in- vitro anti- aging potential was evaluated by anti- collagenase assay method using FALGPA as substrate. The ethanol extract exhibited significant inhibition on collagenase enzyme which was comparable to standard EDTA. The ethanol extract of Amlaki Rasayana (AR) showed significant anti- oxidant and anti- aging activity which may be attributed to phyto- constituents such as flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins. This study offers scientific validation of Amlaki Rasayana (AR) for anti- aging activity and can be recommended to be taken internally for aging problems.
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F, Farhana. "Antibacterial effect of Amlaki (Phyllanthus emblica) extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Journal of Clinical Images and Medical Case Reports 3, no. 6 (June 13, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.52768/2766-7820/1886.
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Background: The emergence of bacterial resistance is creating a global health issue. The newer generations of antimicrobials used to combat this problem are expensive and their adverse effects are also notable. Natural herbal remedies have shown promising antimicrobial properties and fewer side effects compared to synthetic antimicrobial agents. In this regard, one of the reputed medicinal plants, Phyllanthus emblica (Amlaki) was investigated for potential antibacterial effect against the most common nosocomial pathogen (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Objective: The experimental study was to determine the antibacterial effect of aqueous as well as ethanolic extract of (P. aeruginosa) against standard strains of P. aeruginosa. Methods: The study was conducted during the period of July 2018 to June 2019 in the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in collaboration of Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Six separate experiments were done e.g. (Expt-I) Determination of the antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of Amlaki (AAE) and (Expt-II) ethanolic extract (EAE) against P. aeruginosa by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, (Expt-III) Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of aqueous extract, (Expt-IV) ethanolic extract and (Expt-V) a standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin against test organism by broth dilution technique as well as making a comparison with MIC of AAE and EAE and (Expt-VI) Subculture studies of materials from effective AAE, EAE and ciprofloxacin preparations for confirmation of respective results of Experiments III, IV and V. Result: Both aqueous and ethanolic extract of Amlaki was found active against P. aeruginosa in disc diffusion method. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts were used in six different concentrations 100 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml, 400 μg/ml, 600 μg/ml, 800 μg/ml and 1000 μg/ml. For aqueous extract and ethanolic extracts dose dependent inhibitory effect was observed against the test organism. Showing greater inhibitory effect at the same concentrations [AAE vs EAE: 6vs6, 6vs8, 7.5vs17, 15.5vs23.5, 24vs25, 27.5vs35]. The MIC of ciprofloxacin was lowest in comparison to MICs of AAE and EAE for the test organism. The subculture studies also confirmed the results of the previous experiments Conclusion: This study demonstrates that there is definite antibacterial effect of both aqueous and ethanolic extract of P. emblica (Amlaki) against P. aeruginosa. Detection and isolation of the biologically active ingredients responsible for this antibacterial effect demands further large scale study.
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Sheth, Suchita Manish Sheth. "Nutritional Analysis of Chyawanprash." Ayurline: International Journal of Research in Indian Medicine 4, no. 06 (November 22, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.52482/ayurline.v4i06.461.
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Ayurveda a great life science provides many Novel concepts like Rasayan,Vajikaran. Chyawanprash, is one of the Rasayan, used as antiageing process and is being used since ages, but still the standardization is lacking , The present study is aimed to standardize Chyawanprash for estimation of Nutritional components present in it by sophisticated analytical tools. The study shows that it contains maximum Iron which is, in fact, more than recommended daily allowances and Fat is less than 0.1% and other nutritional components as per table 2. This validates the claim that it can be given to patients with heart diseases. Vitamin C present in Raw Amlaki was 447 mg/100 gm, which substantially reduced after processing which was reduced to 7.25 mg/100 gm. Phosphorous detected was 77 gm/100 gm. There was no presence of heavy metals detected. Hence these parameters and the developed methods may be considered as a tool for assistance to the scientific organization and the manufacturers in developing standards for Chwawanprash.
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"Development and Validation of An Ultra-Violet Spectroscopic Analytical Method for Analysis of Amlaki in Marketed Preparation Using Methanol as A Solvent." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 13, no. 02 (April 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2021.13.02.315.
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Anjum, Arshi, and Huda Nafees. "A Comprehensive Review on a Unani Dynamic Drug: Amla (Emblica officinalis)." Asian Plant Research Journal, July 16, 2020, 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2020/v5i430111.
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Traditional system of medicine have been in vogue since ages. Amla is one of the herbal plant used in Unani medicine having very versatile actions.The word “Amla” is derived from an Arabic word ‘ambalji’ and in Persian it is called ‘amlah’. In english is commonly known by the name of Indian gooseberry. It is used as medicinally since centuries. Each and every part of the Amla tree is used medicinally but more commonly its fruit is used. It is mostly found in tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world. All the information on the plant available in Urdu, Persian, Arabic language in classical Unani literature available in different libraries of India from recent to past were searched, for phyto-chemical and pharmacological activities and computerized databases such as Medline, Pubmed, Ovid SP, Google Scholar and Science-direct were searched. In unani classical texts, the temperament of Amlais mentioned as Barid 1°Yabis 2° and its actions are Qabiz, Muqawwie Meda, Muqawwie Shaar. The chemical constituents like amino acids alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine and proline are present in major quantity. Several pharmacological studies have been carried out on it like anti-ulcer, immune modulatory, anti-inflammatory, antitussive and gastroprotective etc. It is used both as single as well as in compound formulations as an main ingredient like Jawarish Amla, Jawarishshahi, Anushdaru and Itrifalat. Through this review an attempt has made to reveal the Unani aspect of Amla and describe Unani pharmacological activities in the light of recent experiemental studies.
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"Syirkah Amlak’s Implications in Building Community Economic Independence (Analysis of Meranti Islands Regency, Riau Province)." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 9S3 (August 23, 2019): 1569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.i3328.0789s319.
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This research discusses Syirkah Amlak’s Implications in Building Community Economic Independence in Meranti Islands Regency. Islam as the religion of rahmatan lil-‘alamin regulates all aspects of the lives of its people. Syirkah Amlak is a maqasid syariah translation of property maintenance and an alternative in solving problems that have occurred in society, where poverty is caused by various factors, one of which is not having the capital to do business. The case that occurred in the Meranti Islands Regency was that inheritance was used as capital in building a business of economic independence, so far the community assumed that inheritance had to be divided based on the understanding of the meaning of the verses in the Qur'an and the hadith of the Prophet. In addition, researchers want to see the implications of syirkah amlak in building community economic independence from aspects of its Islamic principles. The research method used is a qualitative approach (in-depth interviews), sources are carried out by observation, interviews, documentation, history, and questionnaires. While analyzing the data the researcher used descriptive analytic (analytic descriptive research). The results of this study found that the implications of syirkah amlak in building the economic independence of the community have an impact on increasing income, labor, education, religion and blessings / salvation (al-falah), where there are most people who do syirkah amlak already able to develop industry and some again in the form of additional gardens in the Meranti Islands Regency.
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"Safety Behavior Analysis of a Delayed Control System." Advances in Machine Learning & Artificial Intelligence 2, no. 1 (September 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/amlai.02.01.06.
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Time delays in systems are becoming important phenomena now-a-days in regards to its safety issues. A continuous delayed system proposed by A. Uçar is considered for this work. Detailed works are concentrated on finding behavior of this system of continuous delayed system with respect to different system parameters. Self-written code is used to observe the behavior of the system. Self-written code gives flexibility to see behaviors of the system in more in depth. System behavior is observed for a very large range of parameters and comparison is made with others works. Results indicate that for a certain range of values of parameters the system show predictable behavior but after certain range of parameter values the system goes to unpredictable chaotic behavior. In addition, parametric relation is shown for same type of chaotic behavior. It is expected that this finding will increase understanding of complex phenomena involved in delayed dynamical system when safety is prime importance.
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"Switching Towards a Proactive Grid Based Data Management Approach." Advances in Machine Learning & Artificial Intelligence 2, no. 1 (September 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/amlai.02.01.07.
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Over time, an exorbitant data quantity is generating which indeed requires a shrewd technique for handling such a big database to smoothen the data storage and disseminating process. Storing and exploiting such big data quantities require enough capable systems with a proactive mechanism to meet the technological challenges too. The available traditional Distributed File System (DFS) becomes inevitable while handling the dynamic variations and requires undefined settling time. Therefore, to address such huge data handling challenges, a proactive grid base data management approach is proposed which arranges the huge data into various tiny chunks called grids and makes the placement according to the currently available slots. The data durability and computation speed have been aligned by designing data disseminating and data eligibility replacement algorithms. This approach scrumptiously enhances the durability of data accessing and writing speed. The performance has been tested through numerous grid datasets and therefore, chunks have been analysed through various iterations by fixing the initial chunks statistics, then making a predefined chunk suggestion and then relocating the chunks after the substantial iterations and found that chunks are in an optimal node from the first iteration of replacement which is more than 21% of working clusters as compared to the traditional approach.
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"Classification of Heart Rate Time Series Using Machine Learning Algorithms." Advances in Machine Learning & Artificial Intelligence 2, no. 1 (September 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/amlai.02.01.09.
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An important diagnostic method for diagnosing abnormalities in the human heart is the electrocardiogram (ECG). A large number of heart patients increase the assignment of physicians. To reduce their assignment, an automatic computer detection system is needed. In this study, a computer system for classifying ECG signals is presented. The MIT-BIH, ECG arrhythmia database is used for analysis. After the ECG signal is noisy in the preprocessing stage, the data feature is extracted. In the feature extraction step, the decision tree is used and the support vector machine (SVM) is constructed to classify the ECG signal into two categories. It is normal or abnormal. The results show that the system classifies the given ECG signal with 90% sensitivity.
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"The Comparison Between Gumbel and Exponentiated Gumbel Distributions and Their Applications in Hydrological Process." Advances in Machine Learning & Artificial Intelligence 2, no. 1 (September 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/amlai.02.01.08.
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The Exponentiated Gumbel (EG) distribution has been proposed to capture some aspects of the data that the Gumbel distribution fails to specify. it has an increasing hazard rate. The Exponentiated Gumbel distribution has applications in hydrology, meteorology, climatology, insurance, finance and geology, among many others. In this paper Firstly, the mathematical and statistical characteristics of the gumbel and Exponentiated Gumbel distribution are presented, then the applications of this distributions are studied using the real data set. Its first moment about origin and moments about mean have been obtained and expressions for skewness, kurtosis have been given. Estimation of its parameter has been discussed using the method of maximum likelihood. In the end, two applications of the gumbel and exponentiated gumbel distribution have been discussed with two real lifetime data sets. The results also confirmed the suitability of the Exponentiated Gumbel distribution for real data collection.
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"Artificial Intelligence in the Fight Against COVID-19 in the Banking Sector." Advances in Machine Learning & Artificial Intelligence 1, no. 1 (October 3, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/amlai.01.01.02.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has been causing a massive strain in different sectors around the globe, especially in the health care systems in many countries. Artificial Intelligence has found its way in the health care system in helping to find a cure or vaccine by screening out medicines that could be promising for cure. Not only that but by containing the virus and predicting highly effected areas and limiting the spread of the virus. Many use cases based on AI was successful to monitor the spread and lock areas that were predicted by AI algorithms to be at high risk. Broadly speaking, AI involves ‘the ability of machines to emulate human thinking, reasoning and decision - making.
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"AI Uncertainty Based on Rademacher Complexity and Shannon Entropy." Advances in Machine Learning & Artificial Intelligence 2, no. 1 (March 25, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/amlai.02.01.02.
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In this paper from communication channel coding perspective we are able to present both a theoretical and practical discussion of AI’s uncertainty, capacity and evolution for pattern classification based on the classical Rademacher complexity and Shannon entropy. First AI capacity is defined as in communication channels. It is shown qualitatively that the classical Rademacher complexity and Shannon rate in communication theory is closely related by their definitions. Secondly based on the Shannon mathematical theory on communication coding, we derive several sufficient and necessary conditions for an AI’s error rate approaching zero in classifications problems. A 1/2 criteria on Shannon entropy is derived in this paper so that error rate can approach zero or is zero for AI pattern classification problems. Last but not least, we show our analysis and theory by providing examples of AI pattern classifications with error rate approaching zero or being zero. Impact Statement: Error rate control of AI pattern classification is crucial in many lives related AI applications. AI uncertainty, capacity and evolution are investigated in this paper. Sufficient/necessary conditions for AI’s error rate approaching zero are derived based on Shannon’s communication coding theory. Zero error rate and zero error rate approaching AI design methodology for pattern classifications are illustrated using Shannon’s coding theory. Our method shows how to control the error rate of AI, how to measure the capacity of AI and how to evolve AI into higher levels. Index Terms: Rademacher Complexity, Shannon Theory, Shannon Entropy, Vapnik-Cheronenkis (VC) dimension.
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"Ensemble Machine Learning Model for Software Defect Prediction." Advances in Machine Learning & Artificial Intelligence 2, no. 1 (March 25, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/amlai.02.01.03.
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Software defect prediction is a significant activity in every software firm. It helps in producing quality software by reliable defect prediction, defect elimination, and prediction of modules that are susceptible to defect. Several researchers have proposed different software prediction approaches in the past. However, these conventional software defect predictions are prone to low classification accuracy, time-consuming, and tasking. This paper aims to develop a novel multi-model ensemble machine-learning for software defect prediction. The ensemble technique can reduce inconsistency among training and test datasets and eliminate bias in the training and testing phase of the model, thereby overcoming the downsides that have characterized the existing techniques used for the prediction of a software defect. To address these shortcomings, this paper proposes a new ensemble machine-learning model for software defect prediction using k Nearest Neighbour (kNN), Generalized Linear Model with Elastic Net Regularization (GLMNet), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) with Random Forest as base learner. Experiments were conducted using the proposed model on CM1, JM1, KC3, and PC3 datasets from the NASA PROMISE repository using the RStudio simulation tool. The ensemble technique achieved 87.69% for CM1 dataset, 81.11% for JM1 dataset, 90.70% for PC3 dataset, and 94.74% for KC3 dataset. The performance of the proposed system was compared with that of other existing techniques in literature in terms of AUC. The ensemble technique achieved 87%, which is better than the other seven state-of-the-art techniques under consideration. On average, the proposed model achieved an overall prediction accuracy of 88.56% for all datasets used for experiments. The results demonstrated that the ensemble model succeeded in effectively predicting the defects in PROMISE datasets that are notorious for their noisy features and high dimensions. This shows that ensemble machine learning is promising and the future of software defect prediction.
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"Reviewing Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Techniques Against Cyber Security Risks: In Case of It Industry in Saudi Arabia." Advances in Machine Learning & Artificial Intelligence 1, no. 1 (October 3, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/amlai.01.01.05.
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Aim: The aim of the researcher was to determine the effectiveness of artificial intelligence techniques against cyber security risks particularly in case of Saudi Arabia Method: Researcher has opted for quantitative method of research design along with primary data. The researcher collected the data from employees working in this I.T industry of Saudi Arabia. The sample size for this study was 468 and confirmatory factor analysis, discriminant validity, basic analysis of model and lastly, hypothesis assessment was carried out. Findings: The P-values of all variables were obtained as significant apart from expert system which had no significant relation with artificial intelligence and cyber security. Limitations: Geographical area, sample size, less variables and accessibility was the main issue.
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"Development of Novel Average Neuro Fuzzy Hybrid Control Technique for Robot Navigation in Unknown Environments." Advances in Machine Learning & Artificial Intelligence 1, no. 1 (October 3, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/amlai.01.01.08.
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The current research focuses on development and analysis of novel Average Neuro-Fuzzy Controller for path planning and navigation of mobile robot in highly cluttered environment. During the investigation various researches related to robot, control and navigation have been analysed. For mapping the environments several distance sensors mounted on the robot are used. The sensors readings about the environments have been segmented into various sectors (front, left, right and back sectors). Using the sensors reading robots negotiate with the obstacles present in the environments during navigation from start to goal point. Experimental and simulation results obtained during the current research from various exercises are in agreement and are within 3%. Comparisons between results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique for robot navigation in complex environments. This technique can be used to address various engineering optimisation problems.
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"Simulating Distributed and Global Consciousness Under Spatial Grasp Paradigm." Advances in Machine Learning & Artificial Intelligence 1, no. 1 (October 3, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/amlai.01.01.07.
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The paper is investigating the possibility of using developed and tested in different countries Spatial Grasp model and technology (SGT) for simulating global awareness and consciousness in distributed dynamic systems, with potential applications in intelligent system management, industrial development, space research, security, and defense. The main technology component, Spatial Grasp Language (SGL), allows us to obtain powerful and compact spatial solutions of different problems by directly expressing their top semantics while hiding traditional system organization and management routines inside efficient networked implementation. The paper describes in SGL a traditional organization of two opposing swarms, called “chasers” and “targets”, randomly operating on expected area. It then enriches the chasers swarm with global awareness and a sort of migrating consciousness, further strengthened by external super-consciousness capability, which allows it to drastically improve performance and make important nonlocal decisions, while putting it to a superior position over the opposing targets swarm. Despite simplicity of the shown practical example, it gives hope for the use of SGT for simulation of much broader and complex areas linked with consciousness like, for example, brain’s bimolecular processes and the basic structure of the universe. The developed networking technology can be readily implemented even in traditional university environments, as was done in the past for its previous versions in different countries under the author’s supervision.