Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aminopeptidases – antagonistes et inhibiteurs'
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Ponzoni, Adele Asia. "Development and Application of Mass Spectrometry Methods to Qualify Models and Compounds to Support the Discovery of Small Molecules Modulators of Antigen Presentation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS059.
Full textLes défis de la découverte de médicaments peuvent être abordés par une approche multidisciplinaire qui intègre diverses disciplines scientifiques. La chimie analytique a contribué de manière significative aux avancées dans la recherche et le développement de nouveaux médicaments, les techniques basées sur la spectrométrie de masse étant largement appliquées dans ce contexte.L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de soutenir un programme de découverte de médicaments ciblant les aminopeptidases du réticulum endoplasmique, ERAP1 et ERAP2, en développant et en appliquant des méthodes analytiques avancées, spécifiquement l'imagerie par spectrométrie (MSI) et la spectrométrie de masse en tandem avec chromatographie liquide (LC-MS/MS). Les ERAPs sont impliquées dans le traitement et la présentation d'antigènes immunogènes aux lymphocytes T, et leur inhibition est considérée comme une stratégie thérapeutique innovante pour les maladies autoimmunes et oncologiques. Trois projets de recherche ont ciblé la validation des modèles précliniques et la caractérisation des composés candidats pour évaluer leurs profils pharmacodynamiques (PD) et pharmacocinétiques (PK). Dans le premier projet, l’imagerie par spectrométrie de masse à désorption-ionisation laser assistée par matrice a été utilisée pour étudier les changements biochimiques dans un modèle préclinique de spondylarthrite ankylosante, le rat transgénique HLA-B27. Des analyses métabolomiques et lipidomiques untargeted résolues spatialement ont révélé des biomarqueurs candidats de deux mécanismes dérégulés liés à l'inflammation intestinale, la perméabilité intestinale et l'infiltration immunitaire. Ces résultats valident la pertinence de ce modèle pour tester l'efficacité des inhibiteurs des ERAP.Dans le deuxième projet, une méthode LC-MS/MS quantitative a été développée pour mesurer l'antigène tumoral dépendant de l'ERAP1, GSW11, servant de biomarqueur d'efficacité pour un inhibiteur de l'ERAP1, et validant davantage le mécanisme d'action du composé in vitro. Malgré l'optimisation de la méthode, le peptide endogène n'a pas pu être détecté, soulignant les défistechniques associés à l'extraction et à l'analyse de peptides à partir d'échantillons biologiques complexes. Cela a conduit à l'identification de facteurs affectant la récupération et la détection des peptides, offrant des perspectives pour le développement futur de méthodes en peptidomique pour des études pharmacodynamiques.Le troisième projet a porté sur la biodistribution et le métabolisme d'un inhibiteur candidat del'ERAP2 in vivo. La MSI quantitative a été employée avec succès pour mesurer la concentration du composé dans divers organes, révélant son applicabilité thérapeutique potentielle. Des produits de biotransformation du composé ont été détectés et étudiés à la fois in vitro et in vivo. Ces résultats ouvrent la voie à une caractérisation plus approfondie du composé, soutenant les processus de prise de décision dans les étapes futures du développement de médicaments.Cette recherche souligne l'importance d'évaluer en permanence les modèles précliniques et les composés pour soutenir une prise de décision éclairée dans la découverte de médicaments, réduisant ainsi le risque d'échecs dans les phases avancées. Les recherches futures se concentreront sur l'intégration de ces approches pour fournir une caractérisation complète des inhibiteurs de l'ERAPs,en combinant l'analyse tissulaire quantitative avec la modulation des biomarqueurs dans des modèles précliniques. L'objectif ultime est d'identifier des inhibiteurs des ERAP ayant un profil thérapeutique favorable pour le développement clinique dans les indications auto-immunes et oncologiques
Gras, Simon. "Caractérisation des aminopeptidases N du parasite Eimeria tenella et implication en tant que cibles thérapeutiques de nouvelle génération pour lutter contre les coccidioses aviaires." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4042/document.
Full textEimeria tenella is an apicomplexan parasite causing avian coccidiosis, one of the most important parasitic diseases in world poultry industry. To identify E. tenella pathogenesis factors, we were interested in proteases and more specifically in aminopeptidases N. We characterized Et-ApN1 and identified Et-ApN3, two aminopeptidases of E. tenella. We revealed strong homologies in the sequences, structures, biochemical properties, cleavage patterns and localization between Et-ApN1 and PfA-M1, the homologue from Plasmodium falciparum. Taken together, our results suggest that, as PfA-M1, Et-ApN1 is involved in parasite development and could be considered as a therapeutic target. To confirm this hypothesis, we screened a small molecule library and identified the compound C36. This molecule not only inhibits Et-ApN1 but also the in vitro development of E. tenella. This inhibition of parasite development was also observed for Toxoplasma gondii and P. falciparum. In perspectives, a pharmaco-modulation approach will be performed to improve chemical properties of the compound C36. New molecules derived from C36 will then be tested in vivo. Future studies will aim to prove the direct implication of Et-ApN in E. tenella development
Guilini, Pauline. "Synthèse de nouveaux inhibiteurs des fonctions plaquettaires, antagonistes des récepteurs P2Y1 et P2Y12." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6189.
Full textIschemic diseases due to arterial thrombosis are the leading cause of death in developed countries. Antiplatelet agents are drugs which prevent the formation of arterial thrombosis. A therapeutic strategy consists in inhibiting the receptors responsible for platelet activation: the P2Y12 and P2Y1 receptor. For an optimal response of platelet aggregation, synergistic activation of both receptors has been demonstrated. The work described in this thesis deals with the synthesis of bivalent ligands, i. E the development of a single chemical entity that combines two antagonists targeting these receptors. This strategy may be conjugating an effective antiplatelet effect along with a sufficient hemostatic capacity. A serie of analogues of cangrelor, which are thioalkylated at C-2 position, were synthesized from 2-halogenonucleosides. The platelet aggregation tests on those compounds revealed an inhibitory effect on aggregation induced by ADP, but only in high concentrations. The preparation of a precursor of MRS2279 (a selective P2Y1 antagonist), allowed us to focus on the synthesis of heterodimers which may inhibit both receptors P2Y1 and P2Y12. Toward this goal, we combined three parts: an adenosine for the Western part, a linker (cystamine, di-, tri-and tetraethylene glycol) and a precursor of MRS2279 for the Eastern part. We performed the synthesis of several original bivalent ligands which are no phosphorylated. The dimers platelet aggregation tests show that they have no sufficient inhibitory effect to continue the biological tests. However, the phosphorylation of the two pharmacophores appears a promising approach for the activity of those bivalent ligands
Al-Masri, Mounir. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation des dérivés d'aminobenzosubérone comme inhibiteurs potentiels des aminopeptidases de la famille M1." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MULH2862.
Full textAminopeptidases of the M1 family are proteases that catalyze the hydrolysis of a peptide bond in the N-terminal position. These are metalloproteases with a zinc ion in their active site conserved in all members of this protein family. These enzymes are involved in many normal physiological processes, but also in metabolic disorders, such as tumor progression, autoimmune diseases, as well as in viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. For these reasons, these aminopeptidases are considered potential therapeutic targets for treating or diagnosing various diseases. In 2006, the laboratory discovered the powerful and selectively inhibiting 3-amino-2-benzosuberone molecular chassis and one of the members of this family of aminopeptidases, namely the APN. The design and synthesis of derivatives of this molecular chassis as potential and selective inhibitors for five other members of the M1 family (APN, ERAP1 / 2, IRAP and PfA-M1) is at the heart of this work. Pharmacological, pharmacokinetic and preclinical studies have been conducted and their results will be presented in the case of PfA-M1 inhibition
Kolb, Stéphanie. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation biologique d'inhibiteurs des phosphatases CDC25 à visée anti-tumorale." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05S006.
Full textThe development of CDC25 phosphatase inhibitors is an interesting approach towards new anti-tumour agents. CDC25 play key roles in cell cycle regulation and are over-expressed in numerous cancers. In order to identify promising inhibitors, we conducted in silico/in vitro screening which led to the discovery of potent molecules. [Ijpyrindine derivatives provided antiproliferative activities against cancerous cell lines but none towards a normal cell type. Structural modifications on the thiazolopyrimidine core, led to compounds which inhibit CDC25 activity and display cytotoxic activities against tumor cells. The most efficient inhibitor targets CDC25B in cells. To improve the activity of this series, novel derivatives were rapidly identified, following parallel "click" synthesis in solution and in situ screening for CDC25 inhibition. Finally, a series of dimers was designed from the thiazolopyrimidine core and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against a panel of phosphatases
Munkonda, Mercedes Nancy. "Caractérisation d'inhibiteurs des nucléoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1,2,3 et 8 chez l'humain et la souris." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20692.
Full textHenrion, Daniel. "Développement d'un modèle de surcharge cardio-vasculaire de calcium : réactivité vasculaire et effets des inhibiteurs de l'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine I et des inhibiteurs de flux calciques." Nancy 1, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1991_0454_HENRION.pdf.
Full textCano, Virginie. "Conception et synthèse d'inhibiteurs pour l'étude du site actif d'une UDP-glucuronosyltransférase recombinante hépatique humaine : l'UGT1*6." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN12155.
Full textNew UDP-glucuronosyltransferases inhibitors have been designed, synthetized and tested in order to probe the active sites of these proteins which are involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, such as drugs, and endobiotics such as bilirubin, retinois acids,. . . The synthetized molecules, whose stucture is analogous to the donor substrate UDP-glucuronic acid, allowed us to characterize more specifically the peptidic domain interacting with this substrate. The maiIÏ results are gathered in three different parts, according to the group of inhibitors considered. 1- Uridine being the mother compound, a chemical series of about fifty molecules has been synthetized by varying the nature of the chemical groups placed successively on the base moiety or on the 2', 3' and 5' positions of the sugar. The inhibitory effect has frrst been estimated in terms of IC50. For the most powerful inhibitors, a detailed kinetic study gave us the inhibition constant and the type of inhibition. 2- These inhibitors have been compared to those previously obtained in the laboratory, such as arylalkyl carboxylic acids (competitive inhibitors) and N-acyl-phenylamino alcohols attached to a uridine molecule by a spacer (transition-state analogs). They have been used to characterize binding site of 4-methylumbelliferone of the UDP-glucuronosyl transferase 1. 6 after mutation of amino-acids His54 and Arg52 (mutants H54A, H54Q and R52A). 3- A series of inhibitors derived from triphenylalkyl carboxylic acids containing a primary alcohol group instead of the carboxylic acid group and with various carbon chain length has been tested on rats hepatic microsomes. They show a strong inhibitory effect on bilirubin glucuronidation. The results obtained allowed us to better understand the molecular and electronic basis of substrates interaction with UDP-glucuronosyl transferases
Scoliège-Harcouet, Laura. "Transport intestinal de bêta-lactamines orales : caractérisation et modulation par les antagonistes des canaux calciques et les inhibiteurs." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA114808.
Full textChillon, Jean-Marc. "Impact hémodynamique du vieillissement et de la surcharge calcique vasculaire chez le rat : effet des inhibiteurs de flux calciques et des inhibiteurs de l'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine I." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10452.
Full textAkue-Gedu, Rufine. "Conception rationnelle et synthèse d'inhibiteurs potentiels de la topoisomérase II : synthèse complète de la camptothécine." Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL2S013.
Full textTopoisomerases I and II are target anticancer agents. Ellipticine and its derivates are good models for inhibitors of topoisomerase II. They also directly interact with DNA by intercalation. The 2-N-methyl-9-méthoxyelliptinium acetate (CEPTIUM*) was introduced in clinical treatment of breast cancer. To date it is no more commercialized because of its high toxicity. Our work was to design and to synthesize novel analogues of ellipticine obtained by modification of its structure by pharmacomodulation. Furthermore, anoriginal and full synthesis of inhibitor of topoisomerase I, the camptothecin is described. Most of the synthesized molecules have been sent for biological testings
Li, Aixiao. "Molecular modeling of non-bonding interactions in biomolecules-ligand systems." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077032.
Full textThis work is devoted to modelling the interactions between some inhibitors and molecules involved in cancer development and aims at precisely establishing the interactions modes between the ligands and the biomolecules. In the CDK (cyclin dependant kinases) family we have examined the selectivity of a new inhibitor (2PU) towards CDK4 as compared to CDK2. The techniques we have used : molecular dynamics interaction energies calculation, molecular docking and mixed methods of the ONIOM type allowed us to establish the precise causes of this selectivity, showing the existence of specific interactions (H bonds, among others) between the inhibitor and CDK4. From a methodological point of view, the ONIOM method (with 2 or 3 layers) has been carefully examined with respect to the System partitioning procedure. A new approach is proposed. The stabilisation of G-quadruplex DNA by a new ligand (TQMP) has also been studied with molecular dynamics, which allowed establishing the interaction modes and show the selectivity of one of the 2 possible interaction sites
Padrón-Barthe, Laura. "LEI/L-DNase II : mécanisme d'activation et régulation de la mort cellulaire." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05D044.
Full textThe first proteases implicated in apoptosis were the caspases. But their participation in this process is no longer considered as indispensable. Other non-caspases proteases have been implicated in apoptosis, such as LEI/L-DNase II. LEI/L-DNase II belongs to the serpin superfamily. We show that LEI (antiprotease) is transformed into L-DNase II by a conformational modification. This conformational change also uncovers a nuclear translocation site, allowing this L-DNase II (endonuclease) to go to the nucleus to degrade DNA. When cells are induced with etoposide, wich does not permit the conformational change of LEI, this serpin protect cells from caspase-8 activation by indirect inhibition of cathepsin D. We have also implicated L-DNase II into two models of caspase independent cellular death : light-induced retinel degeneration and paraptosis of somato-lactotropes cells
Sfaxi, Fatma. "Identification d'un inhibiteur endogène des convertases comme agent anti-tumoral et anti-métastatique." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077197.
Full textProprotein convertases (PCs) located along the constitutive secretory pathway (Furin, PACE4, PC5 and PC7) are involved in the proteolytic cleavage and/or expression of various neoplasia-related mediators, making them promising targets in cancer therapy. These include growth factors, receptors, adhesion molecules, and various proteases. To date, only Spn4A, a Drosophila melanogaster serpin, and pp-Furin was naturally occuring inhibitor known that efficiently inhibits PCs. Here, we show that this two inhibitors inhibits PCs activity and the metastatic potential of colon cancer cells. When expressed in colon carcinoma cells, they inhibited processing of PC substrates and reduced anchorage-independent growth, invasiveness and enhanced chemosensitivity. In vivo, they repressed tumor development and formation of liver metastases in response to intrasplenic/portal inoculation of colon cancer cells. These results suggest the potential use of those inhibitors or their derivates as a useful adduct for prevention of colorectal liver metastasis
Daskiewicz, Jean-Baptiste. "Inhibiteurs flavonoïdiques de la glycoprotéine-P : effets des substituants, nature des sites d'interaction et transport." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10135.
Full textLabrie, Philippe. "Développement de modèles 3D-QSAR et synthèse de nouveaux inhibiteurs de la glycoprotéine-P de type anthranilamide et leur évaluation in vitro et in vivo." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24453/24453.pdf.
Full textMathieu, Romain. "Dérivés d'adénines et pyrazolotriazines isostères : synthèses et relations structure-activité." Strasbourg 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13219.
Full textThe adenine derivatives are widely distributed in nature and regulate a broad range of cell functions. We have first focused our interest on the adenine derivatives substituted at the 2-position in order to develop new P2Y1 receptor antagonists. Various 2-substituted derivatives of MRS-2179 (N6-methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine-3',5'-bisphosphate) have been synthesized with the goal to better understand structure-activity relationships around this position. Thus, we have adopted a chemical pathway using a selective 2-stannylation of 6-chloropurine on the 2'-deoxyadenosine scaffold, for an efficient synthesis of the 2-iodo intermediate (5 steps, 18% overall yield). Then, the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions allowed us to introduce various substituents at 2-position in high yields. Finally, the hydroxyls 3' and 5' were phosphorylated to afford the desired nucleotides. This topological exploration of the P2Y1 receptor highlighted a medium hydrophobic pocket which tolerated alkyl substituents until propyl. The 2-ethynyl derivative (LPI-448) was 10-fold more potent than the reference MRS-2179 and strongly inhibited in vitro platelet aggregation. Then, we continued this exploration by means of an isosteric pyrazolo[1,5-a]-1,3,5-triazines series in order to discover new interactions. Various substituents (functional groups linked to the heterocycle by an alkyl chain of variable length) were introduced at 8-position in good yields through Sonogashira and Heck cross-coupling reactions. Among this series, ten derivatives strongly inhibited PDE-4 and the lead compound (LPI-444) exhibited remarkable properties (IC50 = 31 nM and excellent PDE-1, 2, 3, 5 selectivities)
Demeilliers, Bénédicte. "Hémodynamique et fonctions rénales chez le rat : étude comparative entre antagonistes de l'angiotensine II et inhibiteurs de l'enzyme de conversion." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20078.
Full textDinh, Nguyen Tung. "Conception et synthèse d’une nouvelle classe d’antidépresseurs combinant des effets antagonistes α2A noradrénergiques et inhibiteurs de la recapture des monoamines." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA114827.
Full textThe monoaminergic hypothesis of depression assumes that classical antidepressants act by raising monoamine levels in the brain (synaptic clefs). This is accomplished either by inhibition of monoamine (noradrenaline(NA) and/or serotonine (5-HT)) metabolism or by blockade of monoamine uptake. However, the major handicap of current antidepressant agents is the 4-6 week delay. To reduce this delay, research effort aimed to identify a molecule endowed with NA and/or 5- HT re-uptake inhibitor properties and antagonist activity at presynaptic α2A-noradrenergic autoreceptors. Based on this strategy, a family of molecules having an imidazoline ring substituted in the 4(5) position, which possesses the required pharmacological profiles, was discovered by the Institut de Recherches Servier (IdRS). 3D-QSAR studies were undertaken in order to suggest new structures to alter the inherent biological properties in maintaining or even in increasing their affinity with studied receptors. From these studies, modifications were proposed on three levels (on the imidazoline ring, spacer and indane). Four new molecules whose modifications focused on the heterocyclic imidazoline ring have been synthesized. An original heterocycle, the triazoline, has also been suggested but all attempts to prepare it were unsuccessful because of the fragility of synthetic intermediates. Different synthetic routes have also been explored to introduce hydrophobic fluorinated groups on the indane and spacer. However, none has been successful. The four molecules synthesized were tested. They have shown a bad antagonist α2Anoradrenergic profile but a good re-uptake inhibitor of 5-HT profile
Gilleron-Rombaux, Pauline. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation pharmacologique de nouveaux inhibiteurs de farnésyltransférase potentiellement utilisables dans le traitement du cancer." Lille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL2S015.
Full textThe finding that 30 % of human cancers, with 90 % pancreas cancers and 50 % colon cancers, are concerned by the presence of mutant ras genes has led to the targetting Ras protein for the development of new anticancer agents. Ras proteins are small G proteins which have the crucial function of transducing intracellular signals from growth factor receptor to several signal transduction pathways, such as the PI3K/Akt and the MAP-Kinases cascades. Ras requires localization at the plasma membrane to exert its oncogenic effects, which is mainly dependent on the prenylation of protein by Zn-metalloenzyme farnesyltransferase (FTase). Thus, farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs), mimetics of the CA1A2X sequence of the Ras protein (C : Cys, A1 and A2 : 2 amino acids, X : Met, Ser), have been designed to inhibit Ras processing. Three FTIs are currently in clinical trials. However, it seems that the antitumor activity of FTIs is not due exclusively to Ras inhibition, but may also involve inhibition of other farnesylated proteins, like RhoB or Rheb. In our search for new FTIs, we have designed a focused library of 64 compounds, mimetics of the CA1A2X motif, by a parallel synthesis method on solid support. Two hits selected after screening this library and molecular modelling studies have enabled us to consider the design of three series of original compounds, in which the 1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-5-methylimidazole zinc chelator (C) is constant : - two series where the spacer is a diazepane substituted or not by a phenyl and in which hydrophobic moiety (X) is the variation component, - a series in which the spacer is a piperazine or a diazepane and hydrophobic moieties are restricted in tricycle. Pharmacological evaluation of the synthetized compounds (in vitro and in vivo for 2 compounds) has enabled us to establish structure-activity relationships and thus to propose new appropriate structures
Serradji, Nawal. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés pharmacologiques d'antagonistes du PAF, inhibiteurs de la réplication du VIH-1." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P616.
Full textHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can induce a neurological disease termed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) associated dementia (ADD). HIV-infected macrophages, the main target of the virus in the brain, produce high levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, a proinflammatory cytokine and PAF, a phospholipidic mediator implied in the inflammatory processes and both are known to be potent neurotoxic compounds. Thus, PAF-antagonists are a putative therapeutic strategy in the treatment of HIV infection and its consequences [. . . ]
Jacob, Claire. "Régulation du stress oxydant par les phosphodiestérases de type 4 : implication des MAP kinases." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1B069.
Full textMa, Jia. "Proprotéines convertases dans la tumorigenèse et la métastase." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077083.
Full textThe serine -protease PC5/6 is a member of the proprotein convertase (PCs) family that contains. Unlike other PCs whose expression is rat ubiquitous and shown involved in various physiological and pathological processes including cancer, the role of PC5/6 in tumor progression î metastasis are still poorly understood. During my PhD, I studied the role of PC5/6 in the acquisition of the malignant phenotype of cancer cells, tumor progression and metastasis. When analyzing different tumor cell lines, we observed that PCs presents in the secretory pathway (furin and PC7) were highly expressed in can cell lines and human tumors analyzed (the expression of PACE4 is variable), the expression of PC5/6 is greatly reduced or absent. Further anahlysis revealed that the inhibition of PC5/6 expression in tumor cells due to epigenetic modifications and inhibition of these later processes pharmacological agents induced re-expression and activity of PC5/6 by tumor cells. The introduction of PC5/6 in the CT-26 colon cancer cell 1 reduced the cellular prolifération, the ability to form colonies in soft agar, invasion and migration. In vivo, the expression of PC5/6 in CT-26 c blocks their ability to induce tumor formation (injected subcutaneously) and the formation of liver metastases (injected into the hepatic circulation in nude mice. The expression of the pro-segment of PC5/6 (an endogenous inhibitor of PC5/6) in cells expressing this convertase induced exaggeration of their malignant phenotype by their ability to proliferate, migrate and invade the extracellular matrix. Taken together, these results suggest PC5/6 is a new tumor suppressor
Djimdé, Atimé. "Etude pharmaco-toxicologique de nouvelles molécules anti-pla₂." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077061.
Full textThe inflammatory reaction is generally a beneficial process. However, it also induces severe complications described as inflammatory diseases. To fight them, steroid and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs have been synthesized, but their side effects limit their therapeutic use, The human non-pancreatic secreted PLA2 (nps-PLA2), which are involved in inflammatory diseases, have a major role in their spread and magnification. These ubiquitous enzymes hydrolyze the ester link on the sn-2 position of phospholipids and induce the release of lipid mediators of inflammation. Based on the leader, PMS 1062, which has a high lipophilicity {log P = 7), structure-activity studies were conducted and led to less lipophilic molecules with a better bioavailability. Some new molecules induce a specific inhibition of PLA2-II with inhibitory concentrations from 31 nM to 2. 5|μM. The pharmaco-toxicological study conducted on macrophages and HepG2 cells, allowed us to clarify the mechanism of anti-PLA2 action of new compounds and their effects on inflammatory mediators. We have found that these potent inhibitors of HPLA₂are not only devoid of in vitro but also protect against oxidative stress, disruption of mitochondrial function and apoptosis. One of them, PMS 1398, in the piperazine series, is a potent inhibitor of HPLA2 groups II, V and X. It also appears as a better inhibitor of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Less toxic than PMS 1062, PMS 1398 maintains good mitochondrial function by its antioxidant effect With a log P of 4. 9 it also offers improved bioavailability. Its pharmacological activity requires, however, to be verified in vivo
Salfati, Katy. "Effets comparés des inhibiteurs de l'enzyme de conversion et des antagonistes des récepteurs AT1 de l'angiotensine II sur l'insuffisance cardiaque." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P038.
Full textSallem, Wafa. "Synthèse et évaluation des activités pharmacologiques de dérivés pipéraziniques antagonistes du PAF et inhibiteurs de la réplication du VIH-1 : relations structure-activité." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05P617.
Full textThe infection of the central nervous system by HIV-1 occurs early after the systemic infection. Mild to severe neurological complications, as a consequence of this infection, are known as AIDS dementia complex. Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a neurotoxin, plays an important role in these neurological dysfunctions. Our laboratory showed that a trisubstituted piperazine, PMS 601, presents a PAF-receptor antagonist activity (8 µM IC50) and an anti-HIV-1 activity in monocyte-derived macrophages infected with HIV-1/BaL (11 µM EC50). We describe here the structure-activity relationships study realized around PMS 601 in order to increase its dual activity. Molecular modelling and 3D electrostatic potential maps calculation of certain compounds are also presented to understand their anti-PAF activity
Telliez, Aurélie. "Etude du mécanisme d'action d'inhibiteurs de l'activité tyrosine kinase de l'EGFR sur des lignées cancéreuses prostatiques humaines." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S037.
Full textDrieu, La Rochelle Christophe. "Vasomotricité des gros troncs et des artérioles coronaires au repos et à l'exercice chez le chien éveillé : effets des inhibiteurs beta-adrénergiques et des antagonistes calciques." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P621.
Full textBrunin, Thierry. "Conception et synthèse de dérivés de la camptothécine inhibiteurs potentiels de la topoisomérase I." Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL2S028.
Full textCancer is one of the most worrying and widespread disease in industrial countries. This disease is due to an anarchic proliferation of cells. Topoisomerase I and II are enzymes involved in cell division. Topoisomerase I is overexpressed in many types of cancer, so its inhibition is a pathway to fighting cancer. Camptothecin is a natural alcaloïd well known for many years for its antitumor properties. Its way of action is the inhibition of topoisomerase I. However, it shows too much toxicity to be used as a medicine. We have synthesised new derivatives of camptothecine modified at position 5
Cousaert, Nicolas. "Conception et synthèse d'inhibiteurs de métalloprotéases et de cibles à ligand acide." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356629.
Full textLa stratégie chimique utilisée a été la phase solide à l'aide d'une résine chlorure de trityle. La synthèse a été effectuée à partir de dérivés amino-acide protégés par un carbamate de fluorénylméthyle ou d'éthylène-oxy-triméthyle silicium permettant une déprotection en parallèle de la fonction amine une fois la fonction acide fixée à la résine. Nous avons obtenu une chimiothèque de 400 composés. A partir de ces 400 produits un hit a été identifié comme inhibiteur potentiel de l'aggrécanase 2. Des études de relations structures activités d'analogues de ce hit sont actuellement en cours.
En parallèle, comme le tétrazole fait partie des fonctions chimiques potentiellement ligand du zinc et est une fonction phare dans le développement d'inhibiteurs du récepteur à l'angiotensine 2 (AT1), nous avons développé une nouvelle technique de greffage de tétrazole sur résine et de synthèse de chimiothèque biphényltétrazole.Ces travaux ont permis la mise au point d'une nouvelle méthode de synthèse de biphényltétrazole en phase homogène au micro-onde et la synthèse innovante de dérivés biphényltétrazole en phase solide exemplifié par la synthèse de l'irbésartan en phase solide.
Nous avons ensuite développé des dérivés biphényltétrazole pyrazole. Pour cette famille de molécules, nous avons exploité les études effectuées sur la réaction de Buchwald que nous avons adaptée à nos composés. De plus ces mêmes travaux ont permis la mise au point d'une nouvelle réaction d'obtention de dérivés para-iodophényle pyrazole en une seule étape et qui ouvre une nouvelle voie rétrosynthétique de dérivés phényle pyrazole. Cinq de ces produits ont montré sur activité sur le récepteur AT1.
Parent, de Curzon Olivier. "Sidération myocardique post-exercice chez le chien : effets des antagonistes des canaux calciques de type L et T." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P213.
Full textHuyet, Jessica. "Mécanismes d'activation et d'inactivation du récepteur minéralocorticoïde : approches structurale et fonctionnelle." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077135.
Full textAldosterone exerts its effects by binding to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. The aim of this work was to characterize at the molecular level the binding mode of ligands to the human MR and the MR harboring the activating mutation S810L, responsible for arterial hypertension. In this aim, the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of MRwr and MRS810L bound to deoxycorticostérone, an agonist of both MRwt and MRS810L, have been expressed, purified and crystallized, and their crystal structures solved. We also determined the structure of the LBD of MRS810L bound to progesterone and spironolactone, two MRwt antagonists which activate the MRS810L. These structures have allowed showing that the LBD of MR adopts the canonical structure of nuclear receptors LBD, characterizing the position of the C-terminal extension of MR in its active state, and characterizing the binding mode of ligands within MRwt and MRS810L- Structure-guided mutagenesis studies allowed identifying the contacts responsible for the stabilization of MRwt and MRS810L in their active conformation and those involve in the affinity of ligands for the receptor. We also suggested that the mechanism by which the ligand enters the ligand-binding cavity involves a slight displacement of the helix H12, without modifying the anchoring of the C-terminal extension. As a conclusion, these studies allowed improving our understanding of the MR activation and inactivation mechanisms for designing potent and selective MR antagonists
Duong, Vanessa. "Régulation de l'expression et de l'activité des récepteurs des oestrogènes : rôle de Mdm2 et des inhibiteurs d'histones désacétylase." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON1T014.
Full textCompain, Sandy. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation biologique d'une nouvelle série d'inhibiteurs, de type N-hydroxy Pyridine-2-one, visant la méthionine aminopeptidase d'E. coli : amélioration des activités antibactériennes via les métallodrogues." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB094.
Full textMethionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) is an ubiquitous metalloprotein present in allprokaryotes and essential to the maturation of proteins in bacteria. Despite to be also present in eukaryotes, it is an attractive target to design new antibacterial agents. Numerous inhibitors targeting MetAP have been developed these last years, but none of then have been further studied because of too low antibacterial activities. We chose to work on MetAP1 from E. coli strain (EcMetAP), as an example of Gram negative bacteria, for which several X-ray structures of the enzyme in complex with inhibitors are available in the literature. A new series of inhibitors functionalized by a 1-hydroxypyrdin-2-one (HOPO) as chelating group has been designed and synthesized. The backbone of these HOPOs has been designed by molecular modeling, starting from the X-ray structure of EcMetAP loaded with Mn(II) incomplex with simple hydroxamic acids and previously solved in the lab. Three types of ligands have been selected and further synthesized. However HOPO substituted in position 5 by a methyl indole could not be obtained, instead a polyfunctionalized molecule with a HOPO substituted by a ring-opening derivative of the indole was isolated and completely characterized. The biological activities of all the molecules were determined. Five of them displayed inhibitory effect against EcMetAP-Mn with IC50 lower than 5 μM. The antibacterial activities are modest againt a wild type E. coli strain and an E. coli strain deleted from the AcrAB efflux pump system, but the sensitivity is increased by adding polymyxin nonapeptide. So, the results can be improved using the metal- chaperone strategy previously developed in the team, which allows, by grafing a permeabilizing agent on an ancillary ligand complexed to a metal cation with the HOPO inhibitor, to favor the uptake of the drug by the bacteria
Mateo, Lou. "Synthèse et évaluation de nouveaux antagonistes des récepteurs CXCR1-2 pour cibler conjointement l’angiogenèse et l’inflammation dans les pathologies cancéreuses." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4006.
Full textCancer is one of the main causes of death in the world. Angiogenesis and inflammation represent two essential hallmarks in the development and progression of tumors and are essential for the survival of the cancer cells. Better knowledge of cellular mechanisms has enabled the development of targeted anti-angiogenic therapies. However, the emergence of resistance constitutes the main limitation of these current anti-angiogenics targeted therapies, as you may know the anti-VEGF therapies. But in parallel to the VEGF pathway, another crucial pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory axis in cancers is required: the CXCL-ELR+/CXCR pathway, particularly in metastatic kidney cancer. The aim of this work was to develop original small organic molecules able to inhibit the ligand/receptor interaction (CXCL-ELR+ / CXCR1-2) in order to have both anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities. The 2-aminobenzothiazinone pattern was chosen for the preparation of 3 new classes of inhibitors. Divergent synthesis strategies were used to obtain the members of families 1 & 2, although the conditions have been adapted according to the reactivity of each substrate. The last family of molecules was prepared according to a linear synthesis. However, this latter strategy displayed some limitations during the cyclisation step. Thereafter, biological evaluations revealed a promising compound exhibiting an IC50 of 0.6 μM on the 786-O cell line compared with our reference molecule (IC50 = 2 μM). Other result highlighted that this compound also exerted an inhibition of the chemotaxis of cells expressing CXCR1-2 receptors. Further studies on zebrafish are planned with this compound in order to study its ability to interfere with the angiogenesis phenomenon in vivo
Coude, Marie-Magdelaine. "Etude des effets d'un nouvel inhibiteur des bromodomaines dans les leucémies aigües." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC125.
Full textThe bromodomain (BRD) and extraterminal (BET) proteins including BRD2, BRD3 and BRD4 have been identified as key targets for leukemia maintenance. A novel oral inhibitor of BRD2/3/4, the thienotriazolodiazepine compound OTX015, suitable for human use, is available. Here we report its biological effects in AML and ALL cell lines and leukemic samples. Exposure to OTX015 lead to cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis at submicromolar concentrations in acute leukemia cell lines and patient-derived leukemic cells, as described with the canonical JQ1 BET inhibitor. Treatment with JQ1 and OTX15 induces similar gene expression profiles in sensitive cell lines, including a c-MYC decrease and an HEXIM1 increase. OTX015 exposure also induced a strong decrease of BRD2, BRD4 and c-MYC and increase of HEXIM1 proteins, while BRD3 expression was unchanged. C-MYC, BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and HEXIM1 mRNA levels did not correlate however with viability following exposure to OTX015. Sequential combinations of OTX015 with other epigenetic modifying drugs, panobinostat and azacitidine have a synergic effect on growth of the KASUMI cell line. In some leukemia AML processes are better identified than others, NPM1 mutation causing a cytoplasmic protein relocation disrupting these activities was studied by Bacarani et al. Therefore relocation of NPM1 observed under OTX015 is extremely promising for these pathologies. Our results indicate that OTX015 and JQ1 have similar biological effects in leukemic cells, supporting the ongoing evaluation of OTX015 in a Phase lb trial in refractory leukemia patients or relapses
Leclercq, Julien. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation pharmacologique de nouveaux inhibiteurs de la kinésine Eg5." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S026/document.
Full textCancer is a real problem in our civilization. Indeed, in 2010, it affected more than 10 million people in the world. Today, this disease is the first cause of death in industrialized countries.Unfortunately, the proposed therapies remain frequently insufficient and lead to side effects which remove the benefits of the medical treatment. In order to avoid the toxicity to safe cells, since a few years, researches have been done to develop targeted therapies. Most of the anti-mitotic drugs actually available on the market lead to important side effects such as cardiological, hematological and neurotoxic problems.Thus, we interested to another therapeutic target which still acts at the level of the mitosis but causing fewer side effects and can be overexpressed into the cancer cells: the mitotic kinesin Eg5.The mitotic kinesin Eg5 plays an important role in the early stages of mitosis and is one of the most attractive target enzymes in antimitotic drug development. The modulation of the Eg5 activity has been shown to cause aberrant mitotic spindle formation, cell cycle arrest during mitosis and the inhibition of proliferation of tumor cells in culture. With regard to the potential of Eg5 modulators in the treatment of human cancers, we report the design, synthesis and biological studies of quinazolinone derivatives as mitotic kinesin Eg5 inhibitors. We developed three series of molecules derived from quinazolin-4-one scaffold following a “de novo drug design” strategy
Gautier, Benoit. "Evaluation biochimique et biologique d'antagonistes des récepteurs au VEGF à visée anti-angiogénique." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05S004.
Full textTumoral angiogenesis is a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of solid tumor cancers. It is initiated, among others, by the binding of VEGF, a pro-angiogenic factor, on these receptors, the VEGFR. At the laboratory, we develop VEGFRs antagonists as original anti-angiogenic approach. This thesis has consisted in the biological assessment of peptides designed rationally and non-peptidic compounds identified by an in silico screening. Their biochemical activity was evaluated on non-radioactive displacement assays previously developed and then examined on endothelial cells. The results showed their antagonist effect with different specificities for VEGFR. Finally, a detailed study by NMR and by an Ala-scan showed residues of peptides involved in the interaction with VEGFR
Cardi, Delphine. "Etude du mutant E255L de l'ATPase Ca²+ SERCA1a de lapin et de l'ATPase Ca²+ PfATP6 de Plasmodium falciparum : Expression chez la levure S, cervisiae, purification, characterisation et essai d'inhibition par un antipaludéen puissant, l'artemisinine." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T046.
Full textSilpa, Laurence. "Synthèse de nouveaux composés pour la prévention et/ou le traitement de coccidiose aviaire." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4041.
Full textIntracellular developing parasites that belong to the apicomplexan phylum represent a great threat to both animal and human being health. Apicomplexan contains a genus of parasites called Eimeria. This genus is composed of seven species which cause avian coccidiosis such as E. tenella, the most virulent agent. Control of E. tenella is presently accomplished by a prophylaxis that uses vaccines and anticoccidial drugs. However, the rapid emergence of drug resisitant parasites coupled with the expense of most vaccines has led us to a search of new approaches to control coccidiosis via the synthesis of new compounds. In order to achieve that goal, collaboration between two laboratories has been established. Our strategy relies on the laboratories scientific knowledge in two complementary domains such as oraganic chemistry and parasitology. Our research is based on the effectiveness that synthesized compounds could have to inhibit parasites first steps of infection of the host cells. The screening of compounds has led us to the discovery of two lead compound inhibiting the invasion and development process of the parasites. Undertaken pharmacomodulations of these leads have allowed us to lower these concentrations values to 0,8 and 3,4 µM
Cros, Julien. "OGG1 et NEIL1, de nouvelles cibles pour la lutte contre le cancer : recherche et caractérisation fonctionnelle et structurale d’inhibiteurs." Thesis, Orléans, 2021. https://theses.univ-orleans.fr/prive/accesESR/2021ORLE3145_va.pdf.
Full textDNA is continuously damaged by physical or chemical agents from endogenous or exogenous sources. These damages can induce mutation or cell death. To counteract these deleterious effects, organisms have developed DNA repair systems. The Base Excision Repair System (BER) is the major pathway to repair damaged bases. It is initiated by DNA Glycosylases such as hNEIL1 and hOGG1 which specifically recognize and remove oxidized bases. However, in some situation like conventional cancer treatment, the repairs initiated by these enzymes can lead to therapeutic resistance. Therefore, based on the synthetic lethality concept, selective inhibition of hNEIL1 and hOGG1 could be relevant in some pathologic contexts like cancer, but also against neurodegenerative diseases (Huntington) or pathological inflammatory processes. This thesis work aimed to identify new selective inhibitors of hNEIL1 and hOGG1 with a "medium throughput" screening of natural or synthetic small molecule libraries, and to characterize their mode of action through biochemical and structural studies. Although we identified some essentials chemicals functions and some leads to understand the action mode of our inhibitors, many areas remains unveiled and deserve to be explored in the future. However, the use of an archaeal homologue of hOGG1, the enzyme PabAGOG, has allowed us to propose a coherent three-dimensional model of an hOGG1/inhibitor complex for one of the best inhibitors we have identified. Finally, these new inhibitors are among the best inhibitors of hOGG1 and hNEIL1 identified to date and some of them will undergo in cellulo evaluation
Fitoussi, Mathieu. "Intérêt des inhibiteurs de l' enzyme de conversion de l' angiotensine et des antagonistes des récepteurs AT1 de l' angiotensine dans le traitement de l' insuffisance cardiaque." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P214.
Full textHoch, Lucile. "Etudes moléculaires et pharmacologiques du récepteur Smoothened." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T042/document.
Full textThe Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays a critical role during embryogenesis and participates to the maintenance of neural stem cells in the adult brain (Ruat et al, 2015). Its activation requires the binding of a Hh peptide to its receptor Patched (Ptc) which represses the constitutive activity of Smoothened (Smo), a member of class F G-protein-coupled receptors (Wang et al, 2013). Deregulation of the Hh pathway is associated with the development of tumors, such as medulloblastoma and basal cell carcinoma. Agonists and antagonists of Smo are candidates for the treatment of degenerative diseases and Hh-linked tumors, respectively (Ruat and Hoch, 2015). Crystallization studies of human Smo (hSmo) bound to different ligands have identified two types of 7 transmembrane-directed antagonists : those binding mostly to extracellular loops (site 1, e.g., LY2940680) and those penetrating deeply in the 7-transmembrane cavity (site 2, e.g., SANT-1) (Ruat et al, 2014).The present work allowed the caracterization of the acylguanidine MRT-92, one of the most potent Smo antagonist. MRT-92 inhibits Smo induced-responses in different cell-based assays, notably the proliferation of rat cerebellar granule cell with nanomolar potency. We developed its tritiated derivative [3H]MRT-92 (Kd= 0.3 nM for hSmo) for creating a comprehensive framework for the interaction of small molecule modulators with hSmo and for understanding chemoresistance linked to hSmo mutations. MRT-92 binds to the mutated hSmoD473H receptor resistant to GDC-0449 treatment, suggesting its therapeutic interest for the treatment of this resistance. Guided by molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis data, we demonstrated the existence of a third type of Smo antagonists represented by MRT 92 that simultaneously recognized and occupied both sites 1 and 2.The development of a pharmacophoric model of Smo agonists allowed a virtual screening strategy to identify the GSA-10 compound, a quinolinecarboxamide. GSA-10 stimulates a non-canonical Hh pathway allowing C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal cells differentiation into osteoblasts. However, GSA-10 does not induce Gli-dependent reporter gene transcription nor rat cerebellar granule cell proliferation, and it does not regulate the subcellular localization of Smo at the primary cilium. Moreover, we observed that forskolin, a known activator of adenylate cyclase, is a positive and negative regulator of GSA-10 and SAG-mediated cell differentiation, respectively. Our data provide also evidences for two different conformational forms of Smo named SmoSAG and SmoGSA-10, which can be pharmacologically discriminate by Smo antagonists. Different antagonists including GDC 0449, CUR61414, Cyclopamine and MRT-92 loose their sensibility to inhibit SmoGSA-10.The present work allowed the identification of new pharmacological tools which should be useful for understanding the mechanisms underlying the resistance of Smo inhibitors in cancer cells and may help to design new therapies with improved pharmacological properties for treating Hh-linked brain tumors
Gras-Champel, Valérie. "Evaluation des facteurs de risque des accidents hémorragiques et de leur évitabilité chez les patients sous antivitamine K (AVK)." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIED002.
Full textOral anticoagulant treatment (OAT) is widely used in therapy. Each year, nearly 900 000 french patients are estimated to be treated by OAT. The benefit of the anticoagulant treatment is well-established in various cardiovascular diseases. In France, the national network of regional pharmacovigilance centres ran a study during 1998. The bleeding complications due to the OAT were the first cause of adverse drug reactions leading to a hospitalization. Until now, all the recommendations have not succeeded in significantly change the clinical practice. A new study led during 2007 confirmed that bleeding complications due to OAT were always at the first line of the adverse drug reaction risk. The OAT is difficult to handle. In fact, this is due to a narrow therapeutic safety zone and to a great variability of the response to the treatment in individuals and between individuals. Many risk factors play a part in this variability. In this study, we tried to identify the risk factors mostly involved in the bleeding complications. First, the INR was essential for the monitoring of the OAT. The targets must be first and foremost the keeping in the therapeutic range, the regular follow up and the physician adaptability to an overdosage. The other factors put forward were: a chronic alcoholism, a trauma, recent digestive lesions, a prescription not complying with the marketing authorization application, a simultaneous treatment (acetaminophen, allopurinol or heparin), a patient mistake in taking the drug and a lack of therapeutic compliance. Some of the cases suggested that a part of the bleeding could be linked to insufficiently rigorous anticoagulation practices. The findings were that anticoagulation was not optimal in a great proportion of patients. From this point, by adapting a published score, it was attempted to quantify the part allocated to the preventability of bleeding events of this study. This assessment showed that 50 to 65% of these events could be totally avoided or potentially avoided by a more rigorous management of the OAT. Faced with such findings, all the concerned health providers (physicians, chemists, biologists, nurses …) must be aware to the issue. They must make their practices evolved mainly in terms of health care coordination, in terms of information and in terms of therapeutic education of the patient. In this way, the communication aiming at making all the health providers aware of the issue should be carried on. Anyway, until we get other solutions, the OAT must be thoughtfully prescribed individually. The expected benefit (indication) and the potential risk (bleeding events above all) itself linked to the background (co morbidity), to the concomitant ailments and to the patients (concomitant treatments, compliance), must be taken into account. The biological follow up must be close. The benefit /risk ratio must be assessed no less than annually. Under these conditions, the quality of the patient management should improve and lead to the decreasing of the iatrogenic risk due to OAT
Charton, Julie. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation de composés benzimidazoliques à visée thérapeutique." Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL2S020.
Full textPierre, François. "Rôle et fonction des gènes YPO2857 et YPO2371 dans la peste." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL2S024.
Full textYersinia pestis (the agent of flea-borne plague) harbors genes encoding putative homologues of the respectively periplasmic and membrane-bound vertebrate lysozyme inhibitors Ivy and MliC. Both inhibitors are thought to control autolytic activity rather than protect bacteria against lysozyme molecules encountered during host infection. Here, we show that MliC was not required for lysozyme resistance and the development of plague. In contrast, Y. pestis required Ivy for lysozyme resistance when grown at 37°C but not at 21°C (the optimal temperature for flea-borne transmission). Deletion of ivy did not affect Y. pestis’ ability to grow in human serum or resist human macrophages but it did decrease resistance to human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Y. pestis lacking Ivy had attenuated virulence in rodent models of bubonic and pneumonic plague but was fully virulent in lysozyme M-deficient or GR1+ cell-depleted mice. Our results demonstrate the importance of vertebrate lysozyme inhibitors in bacterial pathogenesis and support a scenario in which Y. pestis deposited in the dermis produces Ivy to inhibit the lysozyme released by polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Our results also suggest that once Y. pestis is in the flea gut, it resists lysozyme via an Ivy-independent mechanism. Lastly, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Y. pestis’ recent ancestor, which causes self-limited bowel disease in humans) did not require Ivy for lysozyme resistance or virulence. Thus, our study also shows that a gene which is not necessary for the virulence of an ancestral bacterium may become essential in the emergence of a new pathogen
Joha, Mohamad Sami. "Mécanismes de résistance aux inhibiteurs de tyrosine kinase sur le modèle de leucémie myéloïde chronique." Lille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL2S042.
Full textAzzouz, Brahim. "Association entre antihypertenseurs et psoriasis : lien de causalité, mécanisme d’action ? Psoriasis après exposition aux antagonistes des récepteurs à l’angiotensineII : un effet indésirable sous-estimé Psoriasis après exposition aux inhibiteurs de l’enzyme de conversion : donnéesde pharmacovigilance française et de la littérature Inhibiteurs calciques et psoriasis: enquête de pharmacovigilance, données de la littérature." Thesis, Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIMP201.
Full textPsoriasis is an erythrosquamous dermatosis that can have a considerable negative impact on patient’s quality of life. Several case reports and case series of psoriasis related to angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) were published. Data from epidemiological studies regarding the association between these drugs and psoriasis risk were conflicting. Psoriasis risk is mentioned in the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) of some, but not all ACEIs. We analyzed data from the French Pharmacovigilance Database (FPVD) in order to judge whether it is necessary to include a mention of psoriasis in the Summary of SmPCs of ARBs, ACEIs and CCBs. We highlighted a statistically significant disproportionality which constitutes a potential safety signal. Time to onset of psoriatic manifestations seems much longer with CCBs than ARBs and ACEIs, outcome of psoriatic lesions is most often favorable with drug discontinuation. Concomitant betablocker intake does not seem to be at higher risk of psoriasis. Physiopathological mechanism of psoriasis related to these drugs is complex, not yet elucidated. The risk of psoriasis with ARBs, ACEIs and CCBs is largely unknown to the medical community. Healthcare workers should be sensitized to this risk. Given the suggestive reports in the FPVD and in the literature, psoriasis risk should be mentioned in the SMPCs of ARBs, ACEIs and CCBs
Guedj, Fayçal. "Etude des altérations phénotypiques induites par la modification du dosage génique de DYRK1A et développement de stragégies thérapeutiques." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077222.
Full textDown syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder affecting 1/800 newborns. It is characterized by several phenotypic signs with a variable penetrance including alteration of the brain morphogenesis, morphology of the face and members, brachycephaly, congenital heart diseases, digestive tract malformations, an early onset of Alzheimer disease histopathological signs and a constant mental retardation with variable severity (IQ = 20-55). Construction of genotype/phenotype correlation maps in patients with partial trisomy 21 enabled the identification of DCR-1, a region of 2. 5 Mb between CBR1 and ERG associated with the apparition of 13 clinical signs of DS among which mental retardation suggesting an important role of the genes contained in this region for the DS phenotype. DYRK1A gene, localized in this region, is a good candidate gene for mental retardation associated with DS. It encodes a dual-specificity serine/threonine kinase activated via autophosphorylation on the tyrosine 321 residu and phosphorylates a myriad of protein substrates including transcription and splicing factors, proteins playing important roles in synaptic plasticity and others proteins implicated in a variety of biological functions and pathological conditions. To understand DYRK1A role in the normal development and analyze the effects of its gene dosage alteration on the brain morphogenesis and synaptic plasticity, two mouse models bearing three copies (hYac-TgDYRKl A, mBac-TgDyrkl A) and an haploinsufficient model with only one copy of this gene (Dyrkl A+/-) have been used in this study. In the first part of this work, a new transgenic mouse line containing three copies of the mouse DyrklA gene with its endogenous promoter (mBac-TgDyrklA model) has been constructed in our laboratory. DyrklA transcript and protein expression analysis in the different brain parts of adult mBac-TgDyrklA, hYac-TgDYRKIA and DyrklA+A mice revealed a gene-dosage dependent expression of DyrklA validating the use of these models in the studies of mental retardation associated with free or partial trisomy and monosomy of the chromosome 21. The seconds part of our study focused on the DyrklA gene dosage alteration impact on brain morphogenesis and neuronal and glial cell density in the somatosensory cortex (SSC) and the ventrobasal (VPL/VPM) thalamic nucleus by combining in vivo imaging, seterology and western blotting techniques. Results obtained showed that DyrklA gène dosage modification induces heterogeneous alterations of the brain morphogenesis (increased brain volume in hYac-TgDYRKIA and mBac-TgDyrklA with a more pronounced action on the thalamus/hypothalamus region) and neuronal densities (a decreased neuronal density in the SSC and an increased density in the VPL/VPM) in the different investigated régions. These morphological changes are associated with MBP (neuronal morphology marker) overproduction, FKHR (important for the cell cycle regulation) hyperphosphorylation and MAPKs signaling pathway dysregulation suggesting an important role of DyrklA in the apoptosis/proliferation balance regulation but also in the axonal growth and myelinization. Behavioral studies performed in the third part of our work highlighted an impairment of the hippocampus-dependent spatial memory, the long-term memory and the motor function in the three studied mouse lines. These behavioral phenotypes are linked to a decreased activation of CamKII observed in the hippocampus of hYac-TgDYRKIA mice, but also to an increased AKT phosphorylation in this region at postnatal day P21. Taken together, these results indicate clearly that DyrklA plays a major role in synaptogenesis and synaptic transmission regulation. Finally, a corrective strategy of the phenotypes observed in hYac-TgDYRKIA and Ts65Dn (Partial MM 16 trisomy with 104 triplicated genes including DyrklA) mice has been developed ,using two EGCG (identified as spécifie DyrklA inhibitor in vitro) based diets. Morphometric, behavioral and molecular analysis showed that EGCG is able to strongly correct the phenotypic alterations observed in hYac-TgDYRKIA and Ts6Dn mice allowing us to propose the DyrklA gene as a potential target for a therapeutic approach of the DS associated mental retardation
Corera, Amadou Tidjane. "Effets des ions sur la capture de [3H]dopamine et sur la liaison des substrats et des inhibiteurs au transporteur neuronal de la dopamine marqué avec le [3H]WIN 35428 ou le [3H]Mazindol." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES008.
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