Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Amino acids Metabolism Disorders'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Amino acids Metabolism Disorders.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Smith, Douglas W. 1961. "The lysinuric protein intolerance phenotype : amino acid transport in cultured skin fibroblasts." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65416.
Full textFu, Katherine. "Isolation of human BCAD gene and analysis of putative BCAD deficiency." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68175.
Full textCampeau, Eric. "Molecular genetics of biotin-dependent enzymes : mutation analysis, expression and biochemical studies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0019/NQ55308.pdf.
Full textDumas, Richard. "The intracellular localization of holocarboxylase synthetase." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0018/MQ55050.pdf.
Full textDupuis, Lucie. "Molecular basis of biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27309.
Full textLéon, Del Rio Alfonso. "Molecular genetics of holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29074.
Full textVicanek, Caroline Michaela. "Expression studies on the shortbranched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SBCAD) gene." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22824.
Full textHamadeh, Mazen Jamal. "Methods for detecting abnormal adaptation to protein restriction in humans with special reference to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36948.
Full textMiller, John H. IV. "A NEW APPROACH TO DRIED BLOOD SPOT ANALYSIS FOR NEWBORN SCREENING USING HIGH RESOLUTION LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2906.
Full textShowiheen, Salah Ali A. "Metabolomics profiling of amino acids metabolism in osteoarthritis." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/123249/1/Salah%20Ali%20A_Showiheen_Thesis.pdf.
Full textEbikeme, Charles E. "Amino acid transporters and amino acid metabolism in trypanosoma brucei brucei." Connect to e-thesis, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/55/.
Full textPh.D. thesis submitted to the Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2007. Includes bibliographical references.
Rhodes, Jeremy David. "The metabolism of sucrose and amino acids by aphids." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317579.
Full textHou, Chunsheng 1968. "Sulfur amino acid catabolism in a piglet model." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78381.
Full textBruce, C. I. "Metabolism of preformed amino acids by rumen bacteria in vivo." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376397.
Full textFieldhouse, Robin. "Synthesis of amino acids involved in the regulation of glutamine metabolism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308447.
Full textLowpetch, Kreingkrai. "Versatile stereospecific synthesis of amino acids and studies of their metabolism." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405712.
Full textZhang, Yongfang. "Amino acid metabolism and requirement in teleost during their early life stages and implications in fish formulated diets." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1199374737.
Full textSuliman, Mohamed Elsaeid M. "Sulfur amino acids and their metabolites in patients with renal failure : relation to nutritional status and cardiovascular disease /." Stockholm, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-628-4604-3/.
Full textDoyle, Alison. "The uptake and metabolism of sulphur compounds by saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/730.
Full textRoussel, Guenièvre. "The effects of amino acid deprivation on iron metabolism in Caco-2 cells." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=229800.
Full textChotechuang, Nattida. "The role of amino acids in liver protein metabolism under a high protein diet : identification of amino acids signal and associated transduction pathways." AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/61/09/98/PDF/Thesis_Nattida_CHOTECHUANG_last_version.pdf.
Full textHigh Protein (HP) intake improves glucose homeostasis and reduces weight gain, body fat mass, white adipose tissue and adipocyte size in rats. The metabolic adaptation is characterized by at least a decrease in hepatic lipogenesis and an increase in hepatic amino acid (AA) conversion into glycogen. However, the role of amino acids (AAs) in the control of these metabolic adaptations has not been studied, and the transduction pathways involved in the sensing of the increase in AA supply remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of our study was to understand the effect of AAs on translation and on proteolysis, to identify the transduction pathways involved in AA signaling and the AA or the groups of AAs involved in these effects, using both in vivo and in vitro approaches. Western blot analysis was performed on protein extracts to examine the phosphorylation state of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and general control non-depressible kinase 2 (GCN2) transduction pathways which may be involved in AA sensing and in the control of translation in liver. This study demonstrated that adaptation to HP diet was characterized by the stimulation of translation, at least for the initiation step in the liver. Using primary culture of hepatocytes, we showed that this activation required both high AA levels (at least for leucine alone or a branched-chain AA mixture) and insulin, as indicated by the increase of mTOR, 4E-BP1 and S6 phosphorylation and the decrease of AMPK and GCN2 phosphorylation. Using AICAR (AMPK activator) and rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor), we demonstrated that mTOR might not be the only regulator of 4E-BP1 and S6K1 (downstream targets of mTOR) in high AA conditions and that AMPK may also play an important role in their control. Moreover, the HP diet induced the inhibition of protein breakdown in the liver and these results were concomitant with a decrease of gene expression of the major components for both autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system in liver. Subsequently, ubiquitinated protein in the liver was lower and both AAs and insulin were required for the down-regulation of ubiquitination. Indeed, mTOR and AMPK were also involved in the control of the ubiquitin proteasome system in the liver in response to the increase in AA and insulin concentrations. These results suggested that the control of the catabolic and anabolic pathways of protein metabolism was regulated by the same set of signals and mediated by the same transduction signaling pathways
Miniaci, Sandra A. "Maternal dietary glucose restriction and its effect on amniotic fluid amino acid composition." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0001/MQ44224.pdf.
Full textSritharan, Venkataraman. "Studies on amino acids metabolism in mycobacteria grown in vitro and in vivo." Thesis, University of Hull, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327911.
Full textDay, Priscilla Elly Liwawa. "The transfer and metabolism of glucose and amino acids by the human placenta." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/377713/.
Full textWilliams, Helen. "The transport and cardioprotective action of glutamate and aspartate in isolated ventricular myocytes." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299276.
Full textArvin, Babak. "Neuroprotection against excitotoxic cell damage in rat striatum and hippocampus." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278696.
Full textLawrie, Charles Alexander. "The effects of saccharin on the metabolism of amino acids by the gut flora." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316353.
Full textCavalcanti, João Henrique Frota. "Energy metabolism in Arbidopsis thaliana: TCA cycle evolution, amino acids degradation and alternative pathways." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2015. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/8359.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T17:50:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 6874332 bytes, checksum: 3e055e6f18562c6805d6dba9dcef9c86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-17
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
Mitocondrias vegetais estão envolvidas em vários processos chaves da célula, vão além da produção de energica, tais como morte celular programada, amadurecimento de frutos, ou mesmo aqueles processos dependente de luz como fotossíntese e fotorrespiração. Dessa forma, aquisição mitocondrial pela célula hospedeira trouxe avanços para as atuais células vegetais: desde a manutenção de diversas vias metabólicas que incluem o metabolismo energético bem como processos de bissíntese de lipidios, nucleotidios e vitaminas. No tocante ao metabolismo energ- etico, destaca-se a herança do ciclo do ácido tricarboxílico. Este ciclo é uma via essencial relacionada com a produção de poder redutor (NADH e FADH 2 ), assimilação de nitrogênio e otimização da fotssíntese. Acredita-se que o ciclo do ácido tricarboxílico oprerasse como passos isoladados antes do processo endossimbiótico e somente após a aquisição da mitocôndria resultou que aquele organizar-se e atuasse como uma via cíclica. O cíclo do ácido tricarboxílico é composto por oito enzimas. Contudo, cada enzima é codificada por vários genes os quais são endereçados para diversos compartimetos celulares e, não somente, mitocôndrias. Essas enziimas locallizadas em diferentes comparimentos subcelulares acarretaram em uma possível ampla conecção entre mitocôndrias e outras organelas (peroxissomos e cloroplastos) permitindo fluxos alternativos dos intermediários do ciclo cujo resultado alterou seu funcionamento para um não convencional modo não cíclico. É bastante aceito que sob estresses, no quais reduzem os níveis de carboidratos. O ciclo do ácido tricarboxílico pode funcionar no modo não cíclico, devido a perda de esquelos carbônico que entram se fazendo necessário ser alimentado por reações anapleuróticas. Portanto, aminoácidos tornam-se fundamentais para suprir a respiração e síntese de ATP sob tais situações. Fortes evidencias demonstraram que aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada (BCAA) e lisina podem fornecer elétrons para o sistema a cadeia de transporte de elétrons mitocondrial pela ação do sistema flavoproteína de transferência de elétrons (ETF)- ETF: ubiquinona oxidorredutase (ETF/ETFQO). Em plantas, duas enzimas: Isovaleril-CoA desidorgenase (IVDH) e (D)-2-hidroxidoglutarato desidrogenase (D2HGDH) foram caracterizadas como doadores de elétrons para o pool de ubiquinone através do sistema ETF/ETFQO a partir da degradação de BCAA e lisina, respectivamente. Na verdade, o catabolismo de BCAA mostra-se de uma importância fundamental para nutrir o ciclo do ácido tricarboxílico, principalmente, em situações de estresse enquanto lisina mostra uma estreia associação com o ciclo do ácido tricarboxílico sendo importante para fazer um elo da degradação de aminoácido com a geração de energia. A transferência de elétrons através da fdoacadeia transportadora de elétrons mitocondrial acopla a síntese de ATP a partir da regeneração de NADH e FADH 2 para fosforilar ADP a ATP. Contudo, o conhecimento com relação a organização do sistema de fosforilação oxidativa (OXPHOS) e sua via alternativa sob limitação energética permanece escasso. Assim, essa tese, a qual se concentra no funcionamento da respiração em um contexto que o ciclo do ácido tricarboxílico e via alternativa como doador de elétrons para cadeia transportadora de elétrons mitocondrial, é composta por três independentes capítulos centrados no metabolismo energético e respiração alternativa em Arabidopsis thaliana. Por isso, para se obter uma visão global de como ocorre o envolvimento e interação do ciclo do ácido tricarboxílico juntamente da via alternativa para coordenar o ajustamento das necessidades metabólicas e celulares, três abordagens experimentais foram usadas (i) uma abordagem in silico, nós investigamos a história evolucionária dos genes do ciclo do ácido tricarboxílico gerando um modelo para a origem dos genes do ciclo em plantas bem como seu comportamento submetido a uma série de estresse; (ii) a importância da biossíntese de lisina foi investigado usando mutante de Arabidopsis com reduzida atividade da enzima L,L-diaminopimelato aminotransferase (dapat) da via biossintética de lisina; (iii) reprogramação metabólica do sistema OXPHOS associado a limitação de carbono foi investigado. Rapidamente, os resultados apresentados aqui forneceram resultados que permitiu, no mínimo um prévio, a elaboração de mecanismo do metabolismo energético junto a vias alternativas. Primeiramente, permitiu a elucidação da origem evolutiva dos constituintes do ciclo do ácido tricarboxílico em plantas fornecendo elemento para a origem das isoformas presentes nos diferentes compartimentos subcelulares os quais que devem ser associados com eventos de transferência gênica ou com novas cópias geradas por duplicação genômica. Ademais, análises de co-expressão dos genes do ciclo em diferentes condições estressantes em ambos tecidos parte aérea e raiz demonstrou a presença de plasticidade molecular e forneceu uma explicação para o funcionamento do ciclo do ácido tricarboxílico em plantas. Após isso, o uso de Arabidopsis mutante com reduzida atividade para biossíntesi de lisina L,L-diaminopimelato aminotransferase (dapat) foi demonstrada que biossíntese de lisina simula condições de estresse e impacta no crescimento e metabolismo foliar. Por fim, uma avaliação de como o comportamento do sistema OXPHOS sob limitação de carbono e como vários aminoácidos podem impactar os complexos respiratórios foi possível demonstrar que o sistema OXPHOS tem sua função afetada por diferentes fontes de carbono e que vias alternativas são induzidas sob essas condições. Ademais, imunoensaios revelaram que é mais provável ser regulado por modificações pós traducionais. Juntos, esses resultados realçam a complexidade e especificidade da respiração vegetal durante evolução e que é differentemente afetado por linitações energéticas e pelo uso de substratos alternativos. Os resultados discutidos aqui suportam que ETF/ETFQo é uma via essencial capaz de doa elétrons para a cadeia transportadora de elétrons e que amioácidos são substratos alternativos para manter a respiração sob limitação de carbono. Os resultados obtidos são discutidos em um contexto de evolução metabólica mostrando estreia associação da metabolismo energético com metabolismo de aminoácidos e onde possível mcanísticos são devidamente discutidos. Palavras chaves: ciclo do ácido tricarboxílico; escassez de energia; evolução mitochondrial; fosforilação oxidativa; genes parálogos, metabolismo mitocondrial; neofuncionalização; respiração; resposta a estresse; substratos alternativos
Plant mitochondrion are involved in several key cellular processes that goesbeyond energy production being also associated with programmed cell death, fruit ripening and even light- associate process including phorespiration and photosynthesis. In this context, mitochondria acquisition by host cell brought evolutionary advances for the existing plant cell by the preservation of diverse metabolic pathways including both those related to energy metabolism as well as those associated with lipids, nucleotides and vitamin biosynthesis. The most notorious heritage is related to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The TCA cycle is an essential pathway which is related to reducing power (NADH and FADH2) generation, nitrogen assimilation and photosynthesis optimization. It has been suggested that the TCA cycle operated as isolated steps prior endosymbiosis events and that only after mitochondria acquisition it was possible for it to be organized and function as a cycle. The TCA cycle is composed by a set of eight enzymes. However, each enzyme is encoded by several genes which are targeting not just to mitochondria, but that are also imported into others subcellular compartments. These TCA enzymes located in other subcellular compartiments result in likely a broader connection between mitochondria and other organelles (e.g. peroxissome and chloroplast) allowing a bypass of the intermediates of the cycle switching his operation to an unusual in non-cyclic modes flux. It is also currently accepted that under stress conditions, which leads to decreases in carbohydrate levels, the TCA cycle can function in non-cyclic flux mode due to diminishing of carbon skeleton the enter it making required that be fed by anauplerotic reactions. Therefore, amino acids become essential to support respiration and ATP synthesis under such situations. Compelling evidence have demonstrated that branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and lysine can supply electrons to the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) by the action of the electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF)-ETF: ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF/ETFQO) system and associated dehydrogenases. In plants, only isovaleryl- CoA dehydrogenase (IVDH) and (D)-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D2HGDH) have been characterized as electron donnor to the ubiquinol pool via this system so far by the degradation of BCAA and lysine, respectively. In fact, BCAA catabolism is of pivotal importance to provide intermediates to TCA cycle, particularly under stress situations, whereas lysine shows a strict association with the TCA cycle being required to couple amino acid degradation and energy generation. The electron transfer through the mETC is tightly coupled to ATP synthesis and use electron donates by NADH and FADH 2 to phosphorylate ADP to ATP. However, our knowledged regarding the organization of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system and its alternatives pathways under energy limitation remains elusive. Thus, this thesis, which is focused on the function of respiration within the context of the role of the TCA cycle as well as the function of alternative electron donors to the mETC, iscomprised by three independent stand-alone chapters focusing on energy metabolism and alternative respiration in Arabidopsis thaliana. Hence to obtain a compreenhesive picture of how the TCA cycle evolved and to which extend its alternative pathways interact to adjust to different cellular and metabolic requirements, three experimental approaches were used: (i) by using bioinformatic approaches we investigated the evolutionary history of TCA cycle genes allowing the generation of a model for the origin of the TCA cycle genes in plants and connected its evolution with TCA cycle behavior under a range of stress; (ii) the importance of lysine deficiency were investigated by using an Arabidopsis mutant with reduced activity of the lysine biosynthesis enzyme L,L-diaminopimelate aminotransferase (dapat), and (iii) the metabolic reprograming associated with the OXPHOS system were investigated following carbon limitation.. In brief, the results presented here provided several novel findings and allowed, at least preliminarly, mechanistic interpretation thereof. First, it facilitate the elucidation of the evolutionary origem of the TCA cycle in land plants providing support to the contention that the origin of isoforms present in different subcellular compartments might be associated either with gene-transfer events which did not result in correct targeting or with new gene copys generated by genome duplication and horizontal transfer gene. Additionally, coexpression analyses of TCA cycle genes following different stress conditions in both shoot and root tissues demonstrated the presence of a large molecular plasticity and provided an explanation for the modular operation of the TCA cycle in land plants. Secondly, by using an Arabidopsis mutant with reduced activity of the Lys biosynthesis enzyme L,L-diaminopimelate aminotransferase (dapat) it was demonstrated that lysine biosynthesis deficiency mimics stress situation and impacts both plant growth and leaf metabolism.Thirdly, by evaluating OXPHOS system behavior following carbon starvation and how a range of amino acids can impact respiratory complexes it was possible to further demonstrate that OXPHOS is affected in function of the carbon source and that alternative pathways are induced under this condition.In addition, immunoblotting assays revealed that OXPHOS system is most likely regulated by posttranslational modification. When considered together these results highlight the complexity and specificity of plant respiration during evolution and that it is differently affected following energy limitation by the usage of alternative substrates. The results discussed here support the contention that ETF/ETFQO is an essential pathway able to donate electrons to the mETC and that amino acids are alternative substrates maintaining respiration under carbon starvation.The results obtained are discussed in the context of current models of metabolic evolution showing the strict association of energy metabolism with amino acids metabolism, and where possible, mechanistic insights are properly discussed. Key-words: alternative substrate respiration; energy deprivation; mitochondria evolution; mitochondria metabolism; neofunctionalization; OXPHOS; paralogous genes; stress response; TCA cycle;
Digby, Janet Elizabeth. "The roles of different adipose deposits in glutamine metabolism following feeding fasting and exercise in the guinea-pig." Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388305.
Full textLevin, Eran, Marshall D. McCue, and Goggy Davidowitz. "Sex differences in the utilization of essential and non-essential amino acids in Lepidoptera." COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625497.
Full textYoder, Peter Samuel. "Evaluation of amino acid transport and protein metabolism in the mammary gland of dairy cattle." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100897.
Full textDoctor of Philosophy
Chronis, Demosthenis. "Sulfur metabolism in Glycine max [L.] Merr characterization of serine acetyletransferase and O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4483.
Full textThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on May 1, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Bundy, Rafe. "Use of lactose ['1'5N'1'5N]ureide to quantify colonic salvage of urea-nitrogen." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241906.
Full textOliveira, Daniela Mara de. "Mapeamento e caracterização do domínio ativatório da Troponina T." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-19112014-165958/.
Full textThe Ca2+-regulation of the actomyosin ATPase activity at physiological ratios of actin, tropomyosin and troponin occurs only in the presence of troponin T. Our group has previously demonstrated that a recombinant polypeptide corresponding to the first 191 amino acids of TnT (TnTl-191) activates the aetomyosin Mg2+-ATPase activity in the presence of tropomyosin and in the absence of TnI/TnC. In order to further map and characterize this activation domain, we constructed a set of recombinant or synthetic TnT fragments, corresponding to amino acids 1-157 (TnTl-157), 1-76 (TnTl-76), 77-57 (TnT77-157), 77-191 (TnT77-191) and 158-191 (TnT158-191). Binding assays using these fragments demonstrated that: i) amino acids 1-76 of TnT do not bind to tropomyosin or actin; ii) amino acids 158-191 bind to actin cooperatively, but not to tropomyosin; iii) the sequence 77-157 is necessary for TnT\'s interaction with residue 263 of tropomyosin; iv) TnT77-191 on its own activates de actomyosin ATPase activity to the same extent as previously described for TnTl-191. TnT1-157; TnTl-76; TnT77-157; TnT158-191 and combinations of TnT158-191 with TnTl-157 or TnT77-157 showed no effect on the ATPase activity. We conclude that interactions of amino acids 77-191 of TnT with tropomyosin and actin are essential for the activation of actomyosin ATPase activity, and that this activation may be mediated in part by a direct interaction between TnT residues 158-191 and actin.
Dadalt, Julio Cezar. "Balanço de nutrientes e digestibilidade ileal dos aminoácidos de alguns ingredientes, na presença de multi-carboidrase e fitase, usando leitões recém-desmamados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-17122015-141929/.
Full textMost of the studies, involving AA digestibility in pigs are used animals with 20 kg minimal weight or higher than. This is due difficulty to implant a simple T-cannula on distal ileum of younger pigs, besides a better post-surgical recovery in growing phase. However, ingredient evaluations with young pigs become important because there are physiological limitations in gastrointestinal tract that may affect its performance. Thus, 175 weaned pigs, divided into seven experimental trials with 25 animals each, were used to determine the nutrients and energy balance, the apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal digestibility of amino acids (AA) from seven ingredients usually used in pig diets, with or without multi-carbohydrase (MC) and phytase (Phy) supplementation. Weaned piglets at 23 d old were housed in cages to studies digestibility and metabolism, remaining in the experiment until 45 d of age. Pig adaptation to feces and urine collection was 10 to 20 d experimental period and ileal content sampling at slaughter at 22 d (45 d old). A completely randomized experimental design was used with 4 treatments and 5 replicates. The pig was considered as an experimental unit. The experimental diets consisted of test ingredient as the sole source of protein with or without MC, Phy or MC+Phy. Two kind of reference diet were used to calculate the nutrient balance or AID and SID of AA. Titanium dioxide (0.3%) was used as indigestible marker. The MC enzyme had: galactomannanase, 10%; xylanase, 10%; beta-glucanase, 10%; malted barley, 60% and α-galactosidase, 10%. The Phy was obtained from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation with 10,000 FTU/g activity. The ingredients used were: rice bran, micronized full fat soybean meal, wheat bran, broken rice, sorghum, corn and texturized soybean meal. The results indicated effects from ingredients and enzymes combinations and the evidences occurred according to bromatological characteristics of each one
Farshidfar, Farnaz. "Effects of creatine supplementation on muscle metabolism in an Alzheimer mouse model." IOS Press, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31212.
Full textMay 2016
Wilton, Joanne Carroll. "The effect of ammonia upon the metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids in the liver of growing steers offered silage." Thesis, University of Reading, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329337.
Full textOke, Benjamin Olukayode. "Quantitative evaluation of digestion, absorption and metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids from gastrointestinal tract of ruminants /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487675687174414.
Full textZhong, Yi. "Glucose and Amino Acid Metabolism and Non-invasive Assessment ofHuman Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis in Vitro." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case159709482941269.
Full textSatarug, Soisungwan. "Responses of skeletal muscle protein turnover and amino acid concentration to unloading, denervation and immobilization." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184308.
Full textWeiwei, Dai. "Amino acids regulate hepatic intermediary metabolism-related gene expression via mTORC1-dependent manner in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3042/document.
Full textDuring my doctoral study, we used rainbow trout, a representative carnivorous fish and relevant diabetic model, to study the mechanisms underlying the regulation of hepatic intermediary metabolism by nutrients (amino acids (AAs) and glucose), and determine the potential involvement of insulin/Akt and mTORC1 signaling pathways in these regulations. Using acute administration of rapamycin, a pharmacological inhibitor of TOR, we first identified that mTORC1 activation promotes the expression of genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis, glycolysis and amino acid catabolism, while Akt negatively regulates gluconeogenic gene expression in rainbow trout liver and primary hepatocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrated hepatic fatty acid biosynthetic gene expression is more responsive to dietary protein intake/AAs than dietary carbohydrate intake/glucose during acute stimulations in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, we further showed that high levels of AAs up-regulate hepatic fatty acid biosynthetic gene expression through an mTORC1-dependent manner, while excessive AAs attenuate insulin-mediated repression of gluconeogenesis through elevating IRS-1 Ser302 phosphorylation, which in turn impairs Akt phosphorylation and dampens insulin action. Finally, using glucose tolerance test and acute inhibition of rapamycin, we concluded that hepatic gluconeogenesis probably plays a major role in controlling glucose homeostasis, which maybe account for the prolonged hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance phenotype of carnivorous fish. The present thesis brings forward our understandings about the roles of protein/AAs in the regulation of hepatic intermediary metabolism in trout and identifies relevant cellular signaling pathways mediating the action of amino acids on metabolism. It also clarifies some nutritional characteristics of the trout
Fild, Deborah S. "The effects of oral arginine supplementation on growth hormone, arginine, and somatomedin levels during energy restriction in male weight lifters." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11242009-020056/.
Full textRadkov, Atanas D. "UNVEILING NOVEL ASPECTS OF D-AMINO ACID METABOLISM IN THE MODEL BACTERIUM PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA KT2440." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/67.
Full textWestman, Bo. "Studies of ischemia and reperfusion in muscle and liver on glutathione and amino acid metabolism in man /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-406-8/.
Full textHawkins, Colleen E. "The effects of oral supplementation of the amino acid arginine on body composition and muscle function during energy restriction in male weight lifters." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41598.
Full textMaster of Science
Steeves, Tracey Elizabeth 1968. "The in vitro produced cow embryo : factors affecting development and metabolism." Monash University, Centre for Early Human Development, 2000. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8992.
Full textSantos, Celio Xavier da Costa dos. "Oxidação de urato e tirosina por peroxinitrito. implicações para o desenvolvimento de sequestradores e biomarcadores de peroxinitrito." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-18092018-154812/.
Full textPeroxynitrite (ONOO- + ONOOH), which is formed by the fast reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide anion, has been receiving increasing attention as a mediator of the deleterious effects associated with an overproduction of •NO. The compound is a strong oxidant that is able to oxidize and nitrate a variety of biotargets by mechanisms that this work has contributed to establish. Specifically, we studied the oxidation of urate and tyrosine by peroxynitrite. Urate oxidation produced allantoin, alloxan and the amiocarbonyl radical. Since the rate constant of the direct reaction between urate and peroxynitrite (k= 4,8 x 102 M-1.s-1) is low in comparison with those of other biotargets, we proposed that urate is an efficient scavenger of peroxynitrite-derived radicals (•NO2 and CO3•- in most biological environments; at acid pH, the •OH radical may also become relevant). ln the case of tyrosine, we confirmed that it does not react directly with peroxynitrite but, instead, with the radicals derived form it. As anticipated, the relative yield of the products (3-nitrotyrosine, 3,3-bityrosine and 3-hydroxytyrosine (DOPA)) varied with the pH and CO2 presence. These results led us to propose that co-localization of nitrated and hydroxylated proteins could be a peroxynitrite biomarker. To test this hypothesis, a monoclonal anti-DOPA antibody was developed and tested in Leishamnia amazonensis infection models (macrophages (J774), and resistant (C56Bl/6) and susceptible mice (BALB/c). It was possible to evidence co-localization of hydroxylated and nitrated proteins in all tested models in a time when •NO synthesis was maximum. Unfortunetly, we were unable to confirm these results due to antibody inactvation; new antibody baches are being obtained.
Wang, Shiping. "Peptides as amino acid sources for the synthesis of secreted proteins by mammary tissue explants and cultured mammary epithelial cells." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39137.
Full textSilva, Alexsandro Macedo. "O perfil metabolômico de aminoácidos como biomarcador de consumo alimentar, estado nutricional e alterações metabólicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-03012019-165549/.
Full textIntroduction - The metabolomics allows to determine patterns of variation of the metabolites between people with or without illness, considering or not the food consumption. Understanding the relationship between metabolites and metabolic disorders, it is possible to deal with obesity and chronic diseases. Objective - To investigate the association between the metabolic profile of amino acids and dietary intake and nutritional status in adults from the household survey conducted in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Method - The 21 amino acids were identified by metabolomic analysis, using Absolute IDQTMp 180 kit from Biocrates Life Science AG (Innsbruck, Austria). Food intake was estimated using the food frequency questionnaire. The amino acid and food groups were submitted to factorial analysis by main component. The Metabolically Healthy variable was constructed considering the Guidelines of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology for the diagnosis and treatment of the metabolic syndrome. Multiple linear regression was applied to evaluate the associations, adjusted by the variables: ethnicity, age, family income, sex, diet, physical activity. The comparison between groups was made by MANOVA, and the confirmation of the significant difference, by the Bonferroni test. Results - The percentage of people with obesity was 24%, although the mean BMI corresponded to 26 kg/m2. The population studied presented a mean age of 50 years, most of them white (56%) and male (52%), with little adherence to physical activity (21%). The biochemical parameters were, on average, below the established normal concentrations, except for insulin (20,8 ?UI/mL). However, when stratified by nutritional status and metabolically healthy, the biochemical parameters were statistically different. The dietary intake was the same among the groups studied. The amino acid profile revealed potential to differentiate the nutritional and metabolic states, highlighting the branched chain amino acids. Two amino acid patterns related to beta-oxidation and glycogenic amino acids had been identified. The former had a positive relationship for obese and metabolically unhealthy people. The second presented an inverse relation for both states. The manganese consumption by the population was 2.5 mg / day, and the mate infusion was the main source (28mg Mn/serving). Obese subjects consumed less manganese, which had an inverse relationship to nutritional status and to the amino acid pattern related to unhealthy metabolism. Three dietary patterns were identified: healthy, traditional and modern profiles. The association with nutritional and metabolically healthy status was positive for the healthy pattern. Conclusion - The branched-chain amino acids had been revealed to be biomarkers to identify the nutritional and metabolic status of adult individuals. The individuals that had low manganese consumption showed greater adhesion to the metabolic profile of amino acids related to beta-oxidation, and could be used as biomarker for the ingestion of this micronutrient.
Gruenbaum, Shaun E. "The Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Glutamate Metabolism and Seizure Modulation in a Rat Model of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy." Thesis, Yale University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10783448.
Full textElevations in extracellular glutamate in the brain are implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurological conditions, including mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. The underlying mechanisms of this elevation are not completely understood, however, and there are no effective methods that reduce the elevation or limit its neurotoxic effects. Glutamate is normally cleared from the extracellular space and replenished in axon terminals by a series of compartmentalized processes collectively known as the glutamate-glutamine cycle. A critical step of the cycle is the conversion of glutamate to glutamine by the astrocyte-specific enzyme glutamine synthetase. In several neurological conditions including mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, studies have demonstrated that glutamine synthetase activity is pathologically low. Because glutamine synthetase is thought to be critical for glutamate metabolism, its deficiency has been postulated as a possible mechanism for the increased glutamate observed in the extracellular fluid of the epileptogenic areas of the brain.
The branched-chain amino acids valine, leucine, and isoleucine are thought to contribute to de novo synthesis of glutamate in the brain by transferring an amino nitrogen to the tricarboxylic acid intermediate alpha-ketoglutarate. The branched-chain amino acids have gained increasing attention in recent years for the important roles they play in cell signaling, immune modulation, protein metabolism, and glutamate synthesis. It was previously unknown, however, if increasing peripheral branched-chain amino acids concentrations can increase extracellular glutamate concentrations in the brain during physiological or in pathological conditions, particularly when glutamate metabolism is perturbed (i.e. in glutamine synthetase deficiency). Moreover, the effects of branched-chain amino acids on seizures and neuronal viability were unknown.
The objective of this thesis was to use state of-the-art methods in microdialysis, isotope tracing, mass spectrometry and video-intracranial electroencephalogram recordings to study the metabolism and functional effects of branched-chain amino acids and glutamate in naïve and glutamine synthetase-inhibited, epileptic rats. The central hypothesis was that increased extracellular concentrations of branched-chain amino acids in the brain, in combination with alterations in enzymatic processes of glutamate metabolism, are key pathogenic features that result in brain glutamate excess and seizures in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. To achieve the objective of this thesis, we pursued 3 specific aims.
In Aim 1, we determined the effects of intravenous branched-chain amino acid administration on brain extracellular fluid concentrations of glutamate and glutamine in naïve rats. We found that the administration of a high-dose bolus of branched-chain amino acids significantly increased the concentrations of branched-chain amino acids and glutamine in the extracellular compartment of the brain. Glutamate concentrations transiently increased, but the elevation was not statistically significant. In Aim 2, we determined the effects of intravenous isotope-labeled leucine administration on brain extracellular fluid concentrations of glutamate and glutamine in glutamine synthetase-inhibited rats. We found that glutamine synthetase-inhibited rats, like normal rats, were remarkably efficient in handling glutamate. Moreover, we demonstrated that leucine influx across the blood brain barrier is highly dependent on glutamine levels in the extracellular fluid of the brain. In Aim 3, we investigated the effects of chronic oral branched-chain amino acid supplementation on spontaneous and induced seizures, and neuron loss in glutamine synthetase-inhibited epileptic rats. We found that the branched-chain amino acid supplementation was ineffective in reducing the frequency and severity of spontaneous seizures, but increased the threshold to pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. Furthermore, chronic branched-chain amino acid supplementation resulted in increased loss of hippocampal hilar neurons. Future studies will explore the impact of glutamine and leucine dysregulation in the brain on cell signaling and immune modulation, which may play an important role in epilepsy as well as other disorders. We will also further explore the mechanisms underlying the branched-chain amino acid-induced neuron loss.