Dissertations / Theses: 'Amino acid- based systems'

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Vu, Trang. "Rheology control mechanisms for amino acid-based surfactant systems." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1626456205661715.

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Flinn, Nicholas Sean. "A lipidic amino acid based system for peptide delivery and enhancing peptide immunogenicity." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244682.

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Varvarenko, S. M., N. V. Puzko, A. S. Voronov, I. A. Dron, I. T. Tarnavchyk, N. G. Nosova, V. Ja Samaryk, and S. A. Voronov. "Colloidal and Chemical Properties of Polyesters Based on Glutamic Acid and Diols of Different Nature." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35074.

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The paper describes synthesis method and colloid-chemical properties of novel α-amino acid based polyesters with controllable hydrophilic-lipophillic balance. Glutamic acid and diols of different nature based polyesters were obtained via low-temperature activated polyesterefication. Such polymers are able to form micellar structures in self-stabilized water dispersion. Solubilization of water insoluble dyes Sudan and toluene in polymer water solution was studied. Due to micelle forming ability and prognosticated biodegradability to non-toxic products, obtained polymers are promising materials for formation of novel dispersed drug delivery systems. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35074

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Smith, Mark T. "Engineering Cell-Free Systems for Vaccine Development, Self-Assembling Nanoparticles and Codon Reassignment Applications." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4449.

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This dissertation reports on the technology of cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) including 1) stabilized lyophilized cell-free systems and 2) enhanced heterogeneous cell extracts. This work further considers applications of CFPS systems in 1) rapid vaccine development, 2) functional virus-based nanoparticles, 3) site-specific protein immobilization, and 4) expanding the language of biology using unnatural amino acids. CFPS technology is a versatile protein production platform that has many features unavailable in in vivo expression systems. The primary benefit cell-free systems provide is the direct access to the reaction environment, which is no longer hindered by the presence of a cell-wall. The “openness” of the system makes it a compelling candidate for many technologies. One limitation of CFPS is the necessity of freezing for long-term viable storage. We demonstrate that a lyophilized CFPS system is more stable against nonideal storage than traditional CFPS reagents. The Escherichia coli-based CFPS system in this work is limited by the biocatalytic machinery found natively in E. coli. To combat these limitations, exogenous biocatalysts can be expressed during fermentation of cells prepared into extract. We demonstrate that simple adjustments in the fermentation conditions can significantly increase the activity of the heterogeneous extract. Towards virus-based particles and vaccines, we demonstrate that the open nature of CFPS can be utilized for coexpression of virus proteins and self-assembly of virus particles. This technique allows for the rapid production of potential vaccines and novel functional virus-based nanoparticles. Unnatural amino acids expand the effective language of protein biology. Utilizing CFPS as an expression system, we demonstrated that the incorporation of a single specific unnatural amino acid allows for site-specific immobilization, thus stabilizing the protein against elevated temperatures and chemical denaturants. Current unnatural amino acid incorporation technologies are limited to one or few simultaneous incorporations and suffer from low efficiency. This work proposes a system that could potentially allow for upwards of 40 unnatural amino acids to be simultaneously incorporated, effectively tripling the protein code. These projects demonstrate the power and versatility of CFPS technologies while laying the foundation for promising technologies in the field of biotechnology.

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Coates, Ian A. "Functional amino acid-based gelators." Thesis, University of York, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489189.

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Several libraries of gelators have been reported. We have described the use of Boc-protected i amino acids such as tryptophan, cysteine, alanine, phenylalanine, proline and glutamine for the gelation of organic solvents. Side chain fiinctionality imparted individual gelation properties on these compounds. The gelation solvent, minimum gelation concentration (MGC) and thermal stabilities were measured and related back to the previously published lysine-based gelator Lys. The cysteine-based gelator Cys was used to form gels where gold nanoparticles have been aligned along gel nanofibres

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Joel, Smita. "ENGINEERING PROTEINS WITH UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS FOR DIAGNOSTICS AND BIOSENSORS." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/180.

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Proteins possess a broad range of structural and functional properties and, therefore, can be employed in a variety of biomedical applications. While a good number of protein-based biosensing systems and biosensors for target analytes have been developed, the search for versatile, highly sensitive and selective sensors with long term stability able to provide fast detection of target analytes continues to be a challenge. To that end, we now report the design and development of modified proteins with tailored characteristics and their further utilization in the development of biosensing systems. We take advantage of binding proteins that undergo a change in conformation upon binding to their respective target ligand analytes for the development of highly selective biosensing systems. The first class of binding proteins that was explored for this purpose was antibodies. A non-canonical site in the variable region of a monoclonal antibody was tagged with a fluorescent probe to sense the binding of analyte to its corresponding antigen-binding site. The strategy employed for designing antibodysensing molecules is universal as it can be employed for sensing any biomolecule of interest provided that there is an available antibody against the target ligand analyte. In a second strategy, we utilized designer glucose recognition proteins (GRPs) that were prepared by incorporation of unnatural amino acids in the glucose/galactose binding protein (GBP) of Escherichia coli and its truncated fragments. By taking advantage of the global incorporation method, we were able to fine-tune the binding affinity and thermal stability of the proteins, thus, allowing for the development of a reagentless fluorescence based fiber optic glucose biosensor capable of monitoring glucose in the hypoglycemic, normal, and hyperglycemic range, as well as in the hypothermic and hyperthermic temperature range.

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Menlove, Kit J. "Model Detection Based upon Amino Acid Properties." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2253.

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Similarity searches are an essential component to most bioinformatic applications. They form the bases of structural motif identification, gene identification, and insights into functional associations. With the rapid increase in the available genetic data through a wide variety of databases, similarity searches are an essential tool for accessing these data in an informative and productive way. In our chapter, we provide an overview of similarity searching approaches, related databases, and parameter options to achieve the best results for a variety of applications. We then provide a worked example and some notes for consideration. Homology detection is one of the most basic and fundamental problems at the heart of bioinformatics. It is central to problems currently under intense investigation in protein structure prediction, phylogenetic analyses, and computational drug development. Currently discriminative methods for homology detection, which are not readily interpretable, are substantially more powerful than their more interpretable counterparts, particularly when sequence identity is very low. Here I present a computational graph-based framework for homology inference using physiochemical amino acid properties which aims to both reduce the gap in accuracy between discriminative and generative methods and provide a framework for easily identifying the physiochemical basis for the structural similarity between proteins. The accuracy of my method slightly improves on the accuracy of PSI-BLAST, the most popular generative approach, and underscores the potential of this methodology given a more robust statistical foundation.

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Gardiner, James. "Conformationally restricted amino acid analogues based on lactams." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8773.

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This thesis describes the synthesis of enamino esters 3(S)-(E)-benzoylamino-3-benzyl- 5-ethoxycarbonylmethylidene-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one 77, and 3(S)-(E)-benzoylamino-3-benzy 1-5-ethoxycarbonylmethylidene-1-2, 4-dimethoxybenzy lamino-pyrrolidin-2-one 79. These were designed as a new class of conformationally restricted amino acid analogue. Chapter one gives a general introduction to the importance of peptides in nature and the pivotal role peptides play in drug discovery and design. A number of examples are examined to provide an insight into key elements required in peptidomimetic design. Chapter two introduces the process of peptidomimetic design, in particular that of cisamide bond mimics. The synthesis of a new class of conformationally restricted peptidomimetic based on lactams is examined. Chapter 3 discusses the synthesis of succinic acid-derived, and aspartic acid-derived, β-keto esters and amides 23, 24, 28, via a Meldrum's acid procedure. This method provides the basis for the preparation of cyclic enamino esters. The preparation of the β-keto amide methyl-5-(N-ethoxycarbonylmethylcarbamoyl)-4-oxo-pentanoate 24 allowed chain extension in the C-direction in one easy step. Chapter 4 examines the importance of ene-lactams in nature and the synthesis of enamino esters 55, 56, 59, 61, and enamino amides 63 and 64,.via the reaction of a β-keto ester, or amide, with an amine. Compounds 59 and 61 represent examples of 3- substituted cis-amide bond mimics that allow chain extension in both the N and C directions and subsequent incorporation into a peptide sequence. Chapter 5 describes the synthesis of the target phenylalanine-derived 3,3-disubstituted enamino esters 77 and 79, using the methodology established in chapter 4. Reaction of the enolate derived from (2R, 4S)-2-phenyl-3-benzoyl-4-benzyl-1,3-oxazolidin-5-one 65, with tert-butylbromoacetate gave (2R, 4S)-2-phenyl-3-benzoyl-4-benzyl-4-(tertbutyloxycarbonylmethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-5-one 67. An x-ray crystal structure of 67 revealed that the reaction had proceeded with an inversion of configuration at C4, with the oxazolidinone ring being essentially planar in the solid state. This also revealed that the stereochemistry at C3 could be determined by the stereochemistry of the amino acid from which it was derived. The tert-butyl ester was hydrolyzed and the resulting acid was converted to the β-keto ester 71 upon reaction with meldrum's acid and EtOH. The β-keto ester (2R, 4S)-2-pheny 1-3 -benzoy 1-4-benzy 1-4-(3 -ethoxycarbony 1-2-oxopropyl)-1 ,3-oxazolidin-5-one 71, was reacted with either methylamine, or 2,4- dimethoxybenzylamine (DMBNH₂), and heated at 150°C, under reduced pressure, to give the target 3,3-disubstituted enamino esters 77 and 79. The target enamino ester 77 and 79 allow chain extension in both the N and C-directions and are designed to be incorporated into a peptide sequence to mimic a cis-amide bond and allow investigation into the bio-active conformation of a specific peptide.

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Moss, William Osburn. "Novel amino acid synthons based on ketene thioacetals." Thesis, University of Bath, 1990. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253997.

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Yang, Dengliang. "Investigations of amino acid-based surfactants at liquid interfaces." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2689.

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Herein are presented collective studies of amino acid-based surfactants, also known as lipoamino acids, at liquid interfaces. Chapter III describes an investigation of domain morphology of N-Stearoylglutamic acid (N-SGA) Langmuir monolayers at the air/water interface by epifluorescence microscopy. Anisotropic feather-like domains were observed in L-enantiomeric monolayers while symmetric circular domains were found in racemic N-SGA monolayers. At a surface pressure of 30 mN/m the enantiomeric domains melted at 31 ??C while the racemic domains melted at 27 ??C. This result is exactly opposite to the behavior found in bulk crystals where the racemate melts at a higher temperature. These results were explained in terms of different molecular packing and hydrogen bonding between bulk crystals and two-dimensional thin films for enantiomeric and racemic compounds. Chapter IV summarizes the investigations of hydrogen bonding in N-acyl amino acid monolayers by vibrational sum-frequency spectroscopy (VSFS). The intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction between the adjacent molecules through amide-amide groups in N-stearoylalanine (N-SA) is characterized by an NH stretch peak at 3311 cm-1. This is the first time that the amide NH stretching signals have been detected with the VSFS technique. A similar peak was detected at 3341 cm-1on N-SGA monolayer. The higher frequency indicates that the H-bond strength is weaker due to the larger size of the glutamic acid residue. The NH stretch mode can thus be used as a fingerprint of hydrogen bonding among amide-amide groups. A peak at 3050 cm-1 due to hydrogen bonding among carboxyl groups was also resolved from the VSFS spectra. Molecular models of intermolecular hydrogen bonding were proposed.

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Hurisso, Bitu Birru. "UHV spectroscopic studies of amino acid-based ionic liquids." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555704.

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The synthesis of a range of amino acid-based ionic liquids (AAILs) each containing a 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cation have been completed. The synthesis of these materials was carried out by a three step approach via the dialkylimidazolium hydroxide. New synthetic procedures and analytical methods are described. Each of the AAIL samples have been fully characterised by traditional analytical techniques including multi- nuclear NMR, MS and polarimetry. The stability of the AAILs under ultra high vacuum (UHV) has been investigated; furthermore stability during X- ray beam irradiation has also been studied. XPS studies of each of the AAILs have been completed and the stoichiometry of each sample confirmed. A modified C is fitting protocol was developed, to include contributions from additional C, Nand 0 in the anion, this protocol was subsequently used to investigate the electronic environment of each element present. The measured BEs of the Ncation is peak of AAILs were all close to each other, within experimental error, indicating that the R group of the amino acid-based anion has very little effect on cation-anion interaction. The cation-anion interaction in AAILs was compared to that observed in non-functionalised ILs and was shown to be similar to that of halide-based dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids. The effect of sample exposure under X-ray irradiation for prolonged periods of time was studied, the magnitude of damage was quantified by comparison of N is XP spectra, supported by peak fitting with three components. The nature of the damage and its dependence on the chemical structure of the AAIL was established. The maximum exposure time (tmax,5%) at which point each sample was stable to X-ray irradiation was determined, this was used to develop longer scan sequences, particularly in the case of angle resolved, ARXPS, experiments. ARXPS of amino acid-based ionic liquids is reported for the first time. ARXPS of four AAILs of the general type [CsC1Im][AA], with differing amino acid-based anions, all showed that the alkyl chain is preferentially oriented above the imidazolium cation and sticking out towards the vacuum. The anion was shown to sit slightly above the imidazolium cation, but below the alkyl rich surface.

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Fu, Peng. "Amino Acid-Based Catalysts for Synthesis of Chiral Amines." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1528.

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Crane, Peter. "Protein based molecular probes by unnatural amino acid incorporation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:772076fc-00f2-4ca7-bfa9-3da1ce7093cb.

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The "tag & modify" strategy for protein modification relies upon the genetic incorporation of an uncommon or unnatural amino acid into a protein backbone, followed by a chemo-selective modification to yield differentially modified proteins. This thesis describes the creation of a protein-based glycoconjugate tool for interrogating biological function. In Chapter 2, the unnatural amino acid, azidohomoalanine was genetically incorporated into a library of distance defined Np276 proteins via a selective pressure incorporation. Methods to prevent the common post translational modification N-terminal gluconylation were identified, including preliminary work on a small molecule intervention. The proteins were subsequently characterised with respect to other members of the (limited) family of pentapeptide repeat protein and the key biophysical parameters (TM, stability) with relate to it being a multivalent scaffold were investigated. In Chapter 3, An initial investigation into obtaining a selective amine modification initially via N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, led to the discovery (and characterisation) of a clear selectivity for N-terminal proline Isothiocyanate modification. The dual modification of proteins via the N-term Pro & the ubiquitous (glyco) copper(I)-catalysed azide alkyne cycloaddition was subsequently used to generate homogenously dual modified Np276 scaffolds. In Chapter 4, these proteins were then used in a FACS assay against a murine sialoadhesin - chinese hamster ovary cell line, the results showing promise for the further development of multivalent glycated probes of function.

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Baktula, Avinash M. "A Method Based on Conserved Multiple Amino Acid Properties to Predict Amino Acid Substitutions Which Maintain the Protein Structure." TopSCHOLAR®, 2004. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1107.

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A METHOD BASED ON CONSERVED MULTIPLE AMINO ACID PROPERTIES TO PREDICT AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTIONS WHICH MAINTAIN THE PROTEIN STRUCTURE Avinash M. Baktula September 16, 2004 1-117 Directed by: Claire A. Rinehart, Doug McElroy and Sigrid Jacobshagen Department of Biology Western Kentucky University Proteins often contain several domains, each with a distinct structure. Such domains have evolved as units that, when combined in various arrangements, produce proteins of unique structure. This study was conducted to identify amino acid substitutions that don’t change structure. Amino acid properties which were conserved in proteins with identical structures were used to predict a set of amino acids profiles at each sequence position that can serve as viable substitutions. To test this analysis ten different protein sets were taken from the Conserved Domain Database of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). An amino acid index database of numerical indices representing various physicochemical and biochemical properties of amino acids were mapped onto the amino acid sequences in each dataset and these were used to select properties common to the proteins with the same structure. Based on these conserved properties, a substitution index percentage (SI%) was calculated to represent the relative ability of an amino acid to substitute at a given position and still maintain a protein structure. Amino acid profiles from different SI% ranges were used to create a set of substitutions into the consensus sequence of each dataset (AASCS). The AASCS from each SI% range were submitted to two validation programs, RPS-BLAST and PSI-PRED. The number of matches between the AASCS and the primary data set sequences for each SI% range was used to select the substitution profile ranges that best maintained the structure. It was concluded that amino acid, substitutions with SI% greater than 90% consistently conserved the structure of the protein. This method may prove useful in predicting the structure of proteins with induced mutations (site-directed mutagenesis), and in studies pertaining to protein engineering.

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Yu, Jiayi. "Synthesis and Characterization of Amino Acid-based Poly(ester urea)." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1366901855.

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Chittenden, Sandra Jane. "Systems analysis of amino acid transport competition in health and disease." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46999.

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Howlett, R. M. "Analysis of Campylobacter jejuni amino acid metabolism and solute transport systems." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3792/.

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You, Tao. "Modelling and simulation of amino acid starvation responses in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted: no access until June 2, 2014, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25979.

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Liu, Agatha H. "Motif-based mining of protein sequences /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6894.

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20

Lynch, A. M. "Characterisation and functional reconstruction of a neutral amino acid transport system." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379557.

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21

Rooman, Marianne. "From amino acid sequences to folded proteins: knowledge-based structure predictions." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212359.

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22

Mutthamsetty, Vinay. "Design and Synthesis of Amino Acid-based Inhibitors Against Key Enzymes." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1513014525316672.

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23

Moreland, Rodney J. "Molecular interactions in RNA polymerase II and III transcription systems /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1998.

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24

Ward, Jonathan James. "Kernel-based classification of protein structure and function from amino acid sequences." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446881/.

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The thesis describes the application of kernel methods and, in particular, the support vector machine (SVM) to the classification of protein structure and function. The thesis is divided into two related halves with chapters 2 and 3 containing descriptions of methods for predicting different aspects of protein structure. Chapter 4 investigates the functions of disorder in the proteome of a model eukaryote and Chapter 5 describes algorithms and data sources for inferring protein function. The data sources include structure predictions and other properties that can be derived directly from amino acid sequences. Chapter 2 describes a new method for the prediction of secondary structure using an SVM learning algorithm. This is presented as a guide to the application of SVMs to problems in bioinformatics, and includes a discussion of the positive and negative aspects of the technique. The final prediction method is shown to have comparable performance to several of the most accurate modern methods. The third chapter discusses the development of a method to recognize native disorder from amino acid sequences. This predictor (DISOPRED2) is shown to be the most accurate contemporary method on targets from the fifth CASP experiment. The false positive rate of DISOPRED2 is determined using ordered structures from the Protein Data Bank, and the classifier is then used to estimate the frequency of disorder in complete genomes. The final part of this chapter presents the design and implementation of a publicly-available web service for disorder prediction. The fourth chapter describes the use of DISOPRED2 to investigate the functional annotations that are associated with long predictions of disorder in the proteome of the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This chapter also provides several biochemical and evolutionary explanations for the disparity in the predicted frequencies of disorder between eukaryote and prokaryote proteomes. The chapter also demonstrates that the boundaries between structural domain have a propensity toward being predicted as disordered by DISOPRED2. The final research chapter discusses the development of machine learning methods for determining the function of unannotated proteins. Individual classifiers are trained using phylogenetic profiles, structure predictions and simple features derived from the amino acid sequence to predict the function of yeast proteins in the absence of significant sequence similarity.

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Gouveia, Andreia Sofia Ladeira dos Santos. "Facilitated CO2 separation membranes: mixing cyano and amino acid-based ionic liquids." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/13676.

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Li, Wenchen. "Development of Amino Acid Based Zwitterionic Materials for Biomedical and Environmental Applications." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron15027235088344.

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Li, Shan. "AMINO ACID-BASED POLYMERIC SCAFFOLD FABRICATION AND MODIFICATION FOR BONE REGENERATION APPLICATIONS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1524792119666267.

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Dreger, Nathan Z. "Amino Acid-Based Poly(ester urea)s for Soft-tissue Repair Applications." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1550486179514532.

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Tachibana, Yoichi. "Development of novel stimuli-responsive polymers based on poly(amino acid)s." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144016.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第12330号
工博第2659号
新制||工||1375(附属図書館)
24166
UT51-2006-J322
京都大学大学院工学研究科材料化学専攻
(主査)教授木村俊作, 教授檜山爲次郎, 教授瀧川敏算
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Falah, Mizied. "Evolutionary studies based on the 70-kDa heat shock family of protein sequences." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0012/NQ30084.pdf.

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Lu, Sun Preston Robert Leslie. "The characterization of D-amino acid transport systems in the coelomocytes of Glycera dibranchiata." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1993. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9323736.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1993.
Title from title page screen, viewed February 14, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Robert L. Preston (chair), George W. Kidder, Jim Tone, John Frehn, Wayne Riddle. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 144-150) and abstract. Also available in print.

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Estes, Kari Ann. "Assessing Intestinal Absorption of Amino Acids Utilizing an Isotope Based Approach." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84352.

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The purpose of this research was to further test a stable isotope based approach as a more reliable in vivo method to determine amino acid bioavailability from a variety of ingredients. The method was used to assess feather meal (FM), blood meal (BM), soybean meal (SBM), and a rumen protected amino acid (RPAA). An abomasal infusion of raw EAAs (isoleucine, leucine and methionine) and an abomasal infusion of sodium caseinate were used as control treatments to test the accuracy of the technique. The isotope-based results were then compared to in situ, in vitro and in vivo test results. The isotope-based technique provided AA bioavailability values for five non-essential AA and seven essential AA. The raw EAA infusion had the greatest AA recovery in plasma with an estimated absorbed RUP value of 93.4± 7.35% followed by the casein infusion (86.7 ± 4.81%), SBM (54.8 ± 5.19%), FM (52.7 ± 4.81%) and BM (47.5 ± 4.81%). The RPAA treatment had the lowest bioavailability at 9.9 ± 12.73%. Numerically, SBM supplied the most absorbable EAA of the 4 feed ingredients, but was not significantly different from that of BM and FM. Simply based on the control treatments in this research (raw EAA and casein), this isotope method was a more accurate method in determining AA bioavailability values with relatively low standard errors. Ingredients are exposed to all aspects of natural digestive processes and the method is able to determine AA appearance in the blood with no use of in situ or in vitro measurements.
Master of Science

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Barton, Michael D. "Evolutionary Systems Biology of Amino Acid Biosynthetic Cost and Gene Importance in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518546.

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Wright, Colin. "Functional PLA Based Systems." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1449831677.

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35

Wen, Fengqi. "Catalytic Enantioselective Tosylation of Meso-Alcohols with an Amino-Acid-Based Small Molecule." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2371.

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Thesis advisor: Marc L. Snapper
Chapter 1 Review of methodology developments in the area of selective tosylation of alcohols. Chapter 2 Development of a catalytic enantioselective tosylation of alcohols with an amino-acid-based organocatalyst
Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Chemistry

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Gao, Yaohua. "Electrospinning of Resorbable Amino-Acid Based Poly(ester urea)s for Regenerative Medicine." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1460374617.

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37

Pollard, Matthew. "Cloning and molecular characterisation of novel sodium dependent glutamine and glutamate transport systems." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364871.

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Savolainen, Lea Christine. "Evaluation of amino acid supplementation of soybean-meal-based diets for hybrid striped bass." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3264.

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Richmond, Meaghan L. "The design, synthesis, and application of new amino acid-based modular N-ethylenediamine ligands /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3174664.

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Skarja, Gary Alan. "The development and characterization of degradable, segmented polyurethanes containing amino acid-based chain extenders." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58927.pdf.

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Saha, S. "Low-molecular weight amino acid based supramolecular metallo-gels for photo and electrochemical applications." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2015. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/1996.

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Javle, B. R. "Synthesis of amino acid amide based ionic liquids: their utilization in asymmetric transfer hydrogenation." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Pune-411008, 2018. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/4581.

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Nicklin, Paul Leslie. "Amino acid, peptide and drug transport across monolayers of human intestinal (Caco-2) cells in vitro." Thesis, Aston University, 1993. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12607/.

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The properties of Caco-2 monolayers were compared on aluminium oxide and nitrocellulose permeable-supports. On nitrocellulose, Caco-2 cells displayed a higher rate of taurocholic acid transport than those cultured on aluminium oxide inserts. In addition, Caco-2 cells grown on these two inserts were not comparable with respect to cell morphology, cell numbers and transepithelial electrical resistance. The low adsorption potential of the aluminium oxide inserts, particularly for high molecular weight or lipophilic ligands, offers a distinct advantage over nitrocellulose inserts for drug transport studies. The carrier-mediated uptake and transport of the imino acid (L-proline) and the acidic amino acids (L-aspartate and L-glutamate) have been studied. At pH7.4, L-proline uptake is mediated via an A-system carrier. Elevated uptake and transport under acidic conditions occurs by activation of a distinct carrier population. Acidic amino acid transport is mediated via a X-AG system. The flux of baclofen, CGP40116 andCGP40117 across Caco-2 monolayers was described by passive transport. The transport of three peptides, thyrotrophin-releasing hormone, SQ29852 and cyclosporin were investigated. Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone transport acrossCaco-2 monolayers was characterised by a minor saturable (carrier-mediated,approximately 25%) pathway, superimposed onto a major non-saturable (diffusional)pathway. SQ29852 uptake into Caco-2 monolayers is described by a major saturable mechanism (Km = 0.91 mM) superimposed onto a minor passive component. However, the initial-rate of SQ29852 transport is consistent with a passive transepithelial transport mechanism. These data highlight the possibility that itsbasolateral efflux is severely retarded such that the passive paracellular transportdictates the overall transepithelial transport characteristics. In addition, modelsuitable for investigating the transepithelial transport of cyclosporin A has been developed. A modification of the conventional Caco-2 model has been developed which has a calcium-free Ap donor-solution and a Bl receiver-solution containing the minimumcalcium concentration required to maintain monolayer integrity (100 μM). The influence of calcium and magnesium on the absorption of [14C]pamidronate was evaluated by comparing its transport across the conventional and minimum calciumCaco-2 models. Ap calcium and magnesium ions retard the Ap-to-Bl flux of pamidronate across Caco-2 monolayers. The effect of self-emulsifying oleic acid-Tween 80 formulations on Caco-2monolayer integrity has been investigated. Oleic acid-Tween 80 (1 0:1) formulations produced a dose-dependent disruption of Caco-2 monolayer integrity. This disruption was related to the oleic acid content of the formulation.

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Zhao, Jing. "Protein Structure Prediction Based on Neural Networks." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23636.

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Proteins are the basic building blocks of biological organisms, and are responsible for a variety of functions within them. Proteins are composed of unique amino acid sequences. Some has only one sequence, while others contain several sequences that are combined together. These combined amino acid sequences fold to form a unique three-dimensional (3D) shape. Although the sequences may fold proteins into different 3D shapes in diverse environments, proteins with similar amino acid sequences typically have similar 3D shapes and functions. Knowledge of the 3D shape of a protein is important in both protein function analysis and drug design, for example when assessing the toxicity reduction associated with a given drug. Due to the complexity of protein 3D shapes and the close relationship between shapes and functions, the prediction of protein 3D shapes has become an important topic in bioinformatics. This research introduces a new approach to predict proteins’ 3D shapes, utilizing a multilayer artificial neural network. Our novel solution allows one to learn and predict the representations of the 3D shape associated with a protein by starting directly from its amino acid sequence descriptors. The input of the artificial neural network is a set of amino acid sequence descriptors we created based on a set of probability density functions. In our algorithm, the probability density functions are calculated by the correlation between the constituent amino acids, according to the substitution matrix. The output layer of the network is formed by 3D shape descriptors provided by an information retrieval system, called CAPRI. This system contains the pose invariant 3D shape descriptors, and retrieves proteins having the closest structures. The network is trained by proteins with known amino acid sequences and 3D shapes. Once the network has been trained, it is able to predict the 3D shape descriptors of the query protein. Based on the predicted 3D shape descriptors, the CAPRI system allows the retrieval of known proteins with 3D shapes closest to the query protein. These retrieved proteins may be verified as to whether they are in the same family as the query protein, since proteins in the same family generally have similar 3D shapes. The search for similar 3D shapes is done against a database of more than 45,000 known proteins. We present the results when evaluating our approach against a number of protein families of various sizes. Further, we consider a number of different neural network architectures and optimization algorithms. When the neural network is trained with proteins that are from large families where the proteins in the same family have similar amino acid sequences, the accuracy for finding proteins from the same family is 100%. When we employ proteins whose family members have dissimilar amino acid sequences, or those from a small protein family, in which case, neural networks with one hidden layer produce more promising results than networks with two hidden layers, and the performance may be improved by increasing the number of hidden nodes when the networks have one hidden layer.

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Smith, Stephen E. "An investigation of the effects of electroconvulsive shock on mesolimbic dopamine and amino acid transmitter systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6dc583e0-cb02-4550-87cb-195ac4264f3e.

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Li, Hao. "Study of the Tunable Shape Memory Effect of Amino Acid-based Poly(ester urea)s." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1491434744895974.

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Zhang, Deqiang Roberts Richard W. Goddard William A. "Structure-based design of mutant proteins : I. Molecular docking studies of amino acid binding to wild-type aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. II. Structure-based design of mutant aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases for non-natural amino acid incorporation /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2003. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12182002-190040.

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Iemsam-Arng, J. "Poly(ethylene) glycol based delivery systems for nucleic acid therapies." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1381001/.

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Our work is aimed at developing a synthetic biocompatible gene and siRNA delivery system for the treatment of primary and metastatic tumours. To facilitate delivery of nucleic acid based drugs into the cell, one strategy is to formulate the naked gene with an amine based non-viral gene delivery system via the counterion interaction. The delivery systems including 4arm-PEG-amine, 4arm-PEG-N-2-ethylamine, 8arm-PEG-amine and 8arm-PEG-N-2-ethylamine were synthesised, characterised and complexed with a reporter gene (β-gal plasmid DNA) in phosphate buffer pH 6.0. The resulting complexes were sized and their zeta potential measured (Malvern Zetasizer 3000HS, Malvern Instruments, UK). The complexes were also imaged using transmission electron microscopy and characterised for DNA binding and DNA protection using gel electrophoresis and the ethidium bromide displacement assay. The in vitro transfection efficiency and cell cytotoxicity of the complexes were determined in the A431 and HeLa cells. Additionally, in vivo therapeutic studies in female nude tumour bearing mice were carried out. A promising DNA-polymer complex of 4arm-PEG-N-2-ethylamine produced a complex of 200-300 nm in diameter (polydispersity < 0.6). Complexes had a zeta potential of +19.8 mV (n=3) and were spherical, fibrillar and toroidal in shape. The new gene delivery complex protected DNA from degradation in serum up to 2 hours and was as efficient as poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) in transfecting the A431 cell line, but it was more than 3 orders of magnitude less cytotoxic than PEI. In vivo a gene medicine, comprising the polymer and the tumour necrosis factor alpha gene, was tumouricidal. When complexed with siRNA, the siRNA polymer complex demonstrated a trend of gene silencing activity. A new synthetic gene delivery polymer of 4arm-PEG-N-2-ethylamine has been synthesised. This polymer is biocompatible to cells and is an efficient in vitro and in vivo gene transfer agent.

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Telfah, Ahmad, Günter Majer, Michael Schuster, Klaus-Dieter Kreuer, and Joachim Maier. "PFG NMR studies of diffusion in sulfonic acid based systems." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-197101.

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Telfah, Ahmad, Günter Majer, Michael Schuster, Klaus-Dieter Kreuer, and Joachim Maier. "PFG NMR studies of diffusion in sulfonic acid based systems." Diffusion fundamentals 2 (2005) 134, S. 1-2, 2005. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14479.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Amino acid- based systems'

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