Journal articles on the topic 'Amhy'
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1
Hattori, Ricardo S., Gustavo M. Somoza, Juan I. Fernandino, Dario C. Colautti, Kaho Miyoshi, Zhuang Gong, Yoji Yamamoto, and Carlos A. Strüssmann. "The Duplicated Y-specific amhy Gene Is Conserved and Linked to Maleness in Silversides of the Genus Odontesthes." Genes 10, no. 9 (September 5, 2019): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10090679.
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Sex-determining genes have been successively isolated in several teleosts. In Odontesthes hatcheri and O. bonariensis, the amhy gene has been identified as a master sex-determining gene. However, whether this gene is conserved along related species is still unknown. In this study, the presence of amhy and its association with phenotypic sex was analyzed in 10 species of Odontesthes genus. The primer sets from O. hatcheri that amplify both amhs successfully generated fragments that correspond to amha and amhy in all species. The full sequences of amhy and amha isolated for four key species revealed higher identity values among presumptive amhy, including the 0.5 Kbp insertion in the third intron and amhy-specific insertions/deletions. Amha was present in all specimens, regardless of species and sex, whereas amhy was amplified in most but not all phenotypic males. Complete association between amhy-homologue with maleness was found in O. argentinensis, O. incisa, O. mauleanum, O. perugiae, O. piquava, O. regia, and O. smitti, whereas O. humensis, O. mirinensis, and O. nigricans showed varied degrees of phenotypic/genotypic sex mismatch. The conservation of amhy gene in Odontesthes provide an interesting framework to study the evolution and the ecological interactions of genotypic and environmental sex determination in this group.
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Song, Weihao, Yuheng Xie, Minmin Sun, Xuemei Li, Cristín K. Fitzpatrick, Felix Vaux, Kathleen G. O'Malley, Quanqi Zhang, Jie Qi, and Yan He. "A duplicated amh is the master sex-determining gene for Sebastes rockfish in the Northwest Pacific." Open Biology 11, no. 7 (July 2021): 210063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.210063.
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Teleost fish are the most diverse group of vertebrates and provide opportunities to study the evolution of sex determination (SD) systems. Using genomic and functional analyses, we identified a male-specific duplication of anti-Müllerian hormone ( amh ) gene as the male master sex-determining (MSD) gene in Sebastes schlegelii . By resequencing 10 males and 10 females, we characterized a 5 kb-long fragment in HiC_Scaffold_12 as a male-specific region, which contained an amh gene (named amhy ). We then demonstrated that amhy is a duplication of autosomal amh that was later translocated to the ancestral Y chromosome. amha and amhy shared high-nucleotide identity with the most significant difference being two insertions in intron 4 of amhy . Furthermore, amhy overexpression triggered female-to-male sex reversal in S. schlegelii , displaying its fundamental role in driving testis differentiation. We developed a PCR assay which successfully identified sexes in two species of northwest Pacific rockfish related to S. schlegelii . However, the PCR assay failed to distinguish the sexes in a separate clade of northeast Pacific rockfish. Our study provides new examples of amh as the MSD in fish and sheds light on the convergent evolution of amh duplication as the driving force of sex determination in different fish taxa.
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Sissao, Rokyatou, Helena D’Cotta, Jean-François Baroiller, and Aboubacar Toguyeni. "Mismatches between the genetic and phenotypic sex in the wild Kou population of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus." PeerJ 7 (September 18, 2019): e7709. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7709.
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Sex determination and sex chromosomes can be very diverse between teleost species. The group of tilapias shows a polymorphism in sex determination not only between closely related species but also between domestic strains within a species. In the Nile tilapia, the major effect genes and therefore the Y chromosome have been located on either linkage group 1 (LG1) or LG23 depending on the strains. In a Japanese strain, the sex determinant of LG23 (the amhY gene) has been identified as a duplicated amh (anti-Müllerian hormone) gene, with its gametolog found on the X chromosome (amhX). AmhY is located in tandem with the amhΔY gene (a truncated form) on the Y chromosome. X and Y chromosome markers based on the amh genes have been validated only on a few domestic strains but not in wild populations. Here, we used four of these markers in order to examine (1) the possible variation in sex determination of a wild population of Nile tilapia living in Lake Kou (Burkina Faso), (2) putative polymorphisms for these amh copies and (3) the existence of sex reversed individuals in the wild. Our genotyping of 91 wild Kou individuals with the amh sex-diagnostic markers of LG23 showed that while phenotypic females were all XX, phenotypic males were either XY or XX. Progeny testing of eight of these XX males revealed that one of these males consistently sired all-female progenies, suggesting that it is a wild sex reversed male (which could result from high temperature effects). The other XX males gave balanced sex ratios, suggesting that sex is controlled by another locus (possibly on another LG) which may be epistatically dominant over the LG23 locus. Finally, identification of unexpected amh genotypes was found for two individuals. They produced either balanced or female-biased sex ratios, depending on the breeder with whom they were crossed, suggesting possible recombination between the X and the Y chromosomes.
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Cho, Hye-Yon, and Min Sun Kyung. "Comparison of Postoperative Ovarian Reserve Function Following Laparoscopic Hysterectomy and Laparoscopic Myomectomy: A Prospective Comparative Pilot Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 14 (July 12, 2021): 3077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10143077.
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This prospective study aimed to investigate the impact of laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) and laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) on ovarian reserve by comparing serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) changes following surgery. Serum AMH levels were measured preoperatively (AMH0), and 7 days (AMH1), 2 months (AMH2), and 6 months (AMH3) after LH and LM in 79 premenopausal women (LH = 59; LM = 20). AMH0, AMH1, AMH2, and AMH3 were significantly higher in the LM group than in the LH group (p = 0.012, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.015, respectively). Since there are differences in indications between myomectomy and hysterectomy, logically, women who underwent myomectomy were younger and had higher AMH baseline levels. In addition, AMH changes at 7 days postoperatively from the baseline level were significantly decreased in the LH group compared to those in the LM group (p = 0.042). However, AMH changes at 2 months and 6 months postoperatively, compared to the baseline level, were not different between the two groups (p = 0.053 and 0.752, respectively). Moreover, the significant decrease in AMH (more than 60% decrease from the baseline level) was not different at 7 days, 2 months, and 6 months postoperatively between the two groups (p = 0.415, 487, and 0.364, respectively). Our data suggest that serum AMH levels were significantly decreased directly after LH, which suggests that LH may have adverse effects on ovarian reserve. However, mid-term follow-up showed that the damaged ovarian reserve in women who underwent LH may be partially restored in 6 months.
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Pankhurst, Michael W., and Ian S. McLennan. "Human blood contains both the uncleaved precursor of anti-Müllerian hormone and a complex of the NH2- and COOH-terminal peptides." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 305, no. 10 (November 15, 2013): E1241—E1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00395.2013.
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Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in blood is a marker of ovarian status in women and the presence of cryptic testes in babies. Despite this, the molecular form of AMH in blood has not been verified. AMH is synthesized as an inert proprotein precursor (proAMH), which can be cleaved to yield NH2-terminal (AMHN) and COOH-terminal (AMHC) fragments, that can complex noncovalently (AMHN,C). Developing males have 10-fold more AMH than young adults. We report here that human blood is a mixture of inactive proAMH and receptor-binding AMHN,C. The AMH in the blood of boys, men, and premenopausal women was immunoprecipitated using antibodies to the NH2- and COOH-terminal peptides. The precipitated proteins were then analyzed by Western blots, using recombinant proteins as markers. The glycosylation status of AMH was verified using deglycosylating enzymes. The NH2-terminal antibody precipitated a major protein that migrated alongside rhproAMH and was detected by anti-AMHN and anti-AMHC. This antibody also precipitated significant levels of AMHN and AMHC from all participants. Antibodies specific to AMHC precipitated rhAMHC but did not precipitate AMHC from human blood. Hence, all the AMHC in human blood appears to be bound to AMHN. Both AMHN and proAMH were glycosylated, independent of age and sex. In conclusion, boys and young adults have the same form of AMH, with a significant proportion being the inactive precursor. This raises the possibility that the endocrine functions of AMH are partly controlled by its cleavage in the target organ. The presence of proAMH in blood may confound the use of AMH for diagnosis.
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Triay, Cécile, Matthew A. Conte, Jean-François Baroiller, Etienne Bezault, Frances E. Clark, David J. Penman, Thomas D. Kocher, and Helena D’Cotta. "Structure and Sequence of the Sex Determining Locus in Two Wild Populations of Nile Tilapia." Genes 11, no. 9 (August 29, 2020): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11091017.
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In domesticated strains of the Nile tilapia, phenotypic sex has been linked to genetic variants on linkage groups 1, 20 and 23. This diversity of sex-loci might reflect a naturally polymorphic sex determination system in Nile tilapia, or it might be an artefact arising from the process of domestication. Here, we searched for sex-determiners in wild populations from Kpandu, Lake Volta (Ghana-West Africa), and from Lake Koka (Ethiopia-East Africa) that have not been subjected to any genetic manipulation. We analysed lab-reared families using double-digest Restriction Associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD) and analysed wild-caught males and females with pooled whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Strong sex-linked signals were found on LG23 in both populations, and sex-linked signals with LG3 were observed in Kpandu samples. WGS uncovered blocks of high sequence coverage, suggesting the presence of B chromosomes. We confirmed the existence of a tandem amh duplication in LG23 in both populations and determined its breakpoints between the oaz1 and dot1l genes. We found two common deletions of ~5 kb in males and confirmed the presence of both amhY and amh∆Y genes. Males from Lake Koka lack both the previously reported 234 bp deletion and the 5 bp frameshift-insertion that creates a premature stop codon in amh∆Y.
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Hattori, Ricardo Shohei, Carlos Augusto Strüssmann, Juan Ignacio Fernandino, and Gustavo Manuel Somoza. "Genotypic sex determination in teleosts: Insights from the testis-determining amhy gene." General and Comparative Endocrinology 192 (October 2013): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.03.019.
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Perry, Tahlia, Deborah Toledo-Flores, Wan X. Kang, Arthur Ferguson, Belinda Laming, Enkhjargal Tsend-Ayush, Shu L. Lim, and Frank Grützner. "Non-invasive genetic sexing technique for analysis of short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) populations." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 7 (2019): 1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd18142.
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Identifying male and female echidnas is challenging due to the lack of external genitalia or any other differing morphological features. This limits studies of wild populations and is a major problem for echidna captive management and breeding. Non-invasive genetic approaches to determine sex minimise the need for handling animals and are used extensively in other mammals. However, currently available approaches cannot be applied to monotremes because their sex chromosomes share no homology with sex chromosomes in other mammals. In this study we used recently identified X and Y chromosome-specific sequences to establish a non-invasive polymerase chain reaction-based technique to determine the sex of echidnas. Genomic DNA was extracted from echidna hair follicles followed by amplification of two Y chromosome (male-specific) genes (mediator complex subunit 26 Y-gametolog (CRSPY) and anti-Müllerian hormone Y-gametolog (AMHY)) and the X chromosome gene (anti-Müllerian hormone X-gametolog (AMHX)). Using this technique, we identified the sex of 10 juvenile echidnas born at Perth Zoo, revealing that eight of the 10 echidnas were female. Future use of the genetic sexing technique in echidnas will inform captive management, continue breeding success and can be used to investigate sex ratios and population dynamics in wild populations.
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Torres-Quijada, I. F., S. Romo-Garcia, R. Zamorano-Algandar, and J. F. Torres-Simental. "119 Anti-Müllerian hormone as an endocrine marker of fertility in Bos taurus heifers." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab119.
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The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between the serum concentration of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and fertility indicators in Bos taurus heifers subjected to breeding. From a group of 40 Simmental heifers (15–18 months of age, body condition score of 5 to 7; weight 350–400kg) that received a single dose of 25mg of dinoprost, 23 females entered oestrus and were artificially inseminated 14–16h after onset of the oestrus. If the females returned into oestrus, they were inseminated until conception was confirmed by ultrasonography (30–33d after IA). On Day 4 of the oestrous cycle, a blood sample was collected from each animal, and serum AMH concentration was determined using an ELISA. The AMH levels were classified as normal (AMHn, <0.4ng mL−1) or high (AMHh, >0.4ng mL−1) and were correlated with the number of follicles (NF) and the sampling-to-conception interval (SCi). The number of follicles (antral follicles of 3 to 8mm) in each female was counted at the onset of the recruitment phase during the oestrous cycle. A linear model included AMH level as a fixed effect to analyse NF and SCi. The AMH level was correlated with NF (r=0.8; P<0.001) and SCi (r=−0.61; P<0.05). The AMHh category produced a higher NF (27±3.06 vs. 16±1.85 follicles; P<0.05) and fewer days of SCi (18.22±2.97 vs. 76.30±14.41 days; P=0.03). In conclusion, high AMH levels were related positively with the number of follicles and higher fertility in Bos taurus heifers.
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Torres-Quijada, I. F., S. Romo-Garcia, R. Zamorano-Algandar, and J. F. Torres-Simental. "119 Anti-Müllerian hormone as an endocrine marker of fertility in Bos taurus heifers." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab119.
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The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between the serum concentration of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and fertility indicators in Bos taurus heifers subjected to breeding. From a group of 40 Simmental heifers (15–18 months of age, body condition score of 5 to 7; weight 350–400kg) that received a single dose of 25mg of dinoprost, 23 females entered oestrus and were artificially inseminated 14–16h after onset of the oestrus. If the females returned into oestrus, they were inseminated until conception was confirmed by ultrasonography (30–33d after IA). On Day 4 of the oestrous cycle, a blood sample was collected from each animal, and serum AMH concentration was determined using an ELISA. The AMH levels were classified as normal (AMHn, <0.4ng mL−1) or high (AMHh, >0.4ng mL−1) and were correlated with the number of follicles (NF) and the sampling-to-conception interval (SCi). The number of follicles (antral follicles of 3 to 8mm) in each female was counted at the onset of the recruitment phase during the oestrous cycle. A linear model included AMH level as a fixed effect to analyse NF and SCi. The AMH level was correlated with NF (r=0.8; P<0.001) and SCi (r=−0.61; P<0.05). The AMHh category produced a higher NF (27±3.06 vs. 16±1.85 follicles; P<0.05) and fewer days of SCi (18.22±2.97 vs. 76.30±14.41 days; P=0.03). In conclusion, high AMH levels were related positively with the number of follicles and higher fertility in Bos taurus heifers.
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Falhammar, Henrik, Adam Stenman, Jan Calissendorff, and Carl Christofer Juhlin. "Presentation, Treatment, Histology, and Outcomes in Adrenal Medullary Hyperplasia Compared With Pheochromocytoma." Journal of the Endocrine Society 3, no. 8 (June 11, 2019): 1518–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/js.2019-00200.
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Abstract Context Information about adrenal medullary hyperplasia (AMH) is scarce. Objective To study a large cohort of AMHs. Design, Setting, and Participants Nineteen AMH cases were compared with 95 pheochromocytomas (PCCs) without AMH. AMH without (n = 7) and with PCC (n = 12) were analyzed separately. Results Of 936 adrenalectomies, 2.1% had AMH. Mean age was 47.2 ± 15.1 years. Only two (11%) AMHs had no concurrent PCC or adrenocortical adenoma. In AMHs, a genetic syndrome was present in 58% vs 4% in PCCs (P < 0.001). The noradrenaline/metanephrine levels were lower in AMHs, whereas suppression of dexamethasone was less than in PCCs. Cushing syndrome was found in 11% of AMHs. More AMHs were found during screening and less as incidentalomas. PCC symptoms were less prevalent in AMHs. Surgical management was similar; however, fewer of the AMHs were pretreated with alpha-blockers. Adrenalectomy improved blood pressure slightly less in AMHs. The disappearance of glycemic disturbances was similar to the PPCs. During a period of 11.2 ± 9.4 years, a new PCC developed in 32% of patients with AMH, 11% died, but no PCC metastasis occurred (PCCs: 4%, P < 0.001; 14% and 5%). AMHs without PCC had milder symptoms but more often Cushing disease than patients with PCC, whereas AMH with PCC more often displayed a familiar syndrome with more PCC recurrences. Conclusion A total of 2.1% of all adrenalectomies displayed AMH. AMH seemed to be a PCC precursor. The symptoms and signs were milder than PCCs. AMHs were mainly found due to screening. Outcomes seemed favorable, but new PCCs developed in many during follow-up.
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Pevnick, Joshua M., Caroline Nguyen, Cynthia A. Jackevicius, Katherine A. Palmer, Rita Shane, Galen Cook-Wiens, Andre Rogatko, et al. "Improving admission medication reconciliation with pharmacists or pharmacy technicians in the emergency department: a randomised controlled trial." BMJ Quality & Safety 27, no. 7 (October 6, 2017): 512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2017-006761.
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BackgroundAdmission medication history (AMH) errors frequently cause medication order errors and patient harm.ObjectiveTo quantify AMH error reduction achieved when pharmacy staff obtain AMHs before admission medication orders (AMO) are placed.MethodsThis was a three-arm randomised controlled trial of 306 inpatients. In one intervention arm, pharmacists, and in the second intervention arm, pharmacy technicians, obtained initial AMHs prior to admission. They obtained and reconciled medication information from multiple sources. All arms, including the control arm, received usual AMH care, which included variation in several common processes. The primary outcome was severity-weighted mean AMH error score. To detect AMH errors, all patients received reference standard AMHs, which were compared with intervention and control group AMHs. AMH errors and resultant AMO errors were independently identified and rated by ≥2 investigators as significant, serious or life threatening. Each error was assigned 1, 4 or 9 points, respectively, to calculate severity-weighted AMH and AMO error scores for each patient.ResultsPatient characteristics were similar across arms (mean±SD age 72±16 years, number of medications 15±7). Analysis was limited to 278 patients (91%) with reference standard AMHs. Mean±SD AMH errors per patient in the usual care, pharmacist and technician arms were 8.0±5.6, 1.4±1.9 and 1.5±2.1, respectively (p<0.0001). Mean±SD severity-weighted AMH error scores were 23.0±16.1, 4.1±6.8 and 4.1±7.0 per patient, respectively (p<0.0001). These AMH errors led to a mean±SD of 3.2±2.9, 0.6±1.1 and 0.6±1.1 AMO errors per patient, and mean severity-weighted AMO error scores of 6.9±7.2, 1.5±2.9 and 1.2±2.5 per patient, respectively (both p<0.0001).ConclusionsPharmacists and technicians reduced AMH errors and resultant AMO errors by over 80%. Future research should examine other sites and patient-centred outcomes.Trial registration numberNCT02026453.
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Umer, Saqib, Abdul Sammad, Huiying Zou, Adnan Khan, Bahlibi Weldegebriall Sahlu, Haisheng Hao, Xueming Zhao, Yachun Wang, Shanjiang Zhao, and Huabin Zhu. "Regulation of AMH, AMHR-II, and BMPs (2,6) Genes of Bovine Granulosa Cells Treated with Exogenous FSH and Their Association with Protein Hormones." Genes 10, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10121038.
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Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is an important reproductive marker of ovarian reserve produced by granulosa cells (GCs) of pre-antral and early-antral ovarian follicles in several species, including cattle. This hormone plays a vital role during the recruitment of primordial follicles and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-dependent follicular growth. However, the regulatory mechanism of AMH expression in follicles is still unclear. In this study, we compared the expression of AMH, AMHR-II, BMP2, BMP6, FSHR, and LHCGR genes during follicular development. In-vitro expression study was performed with and without FSH for AMH, AMHR-II, BMP2, and BMP6 genes in bovine GCs which were isolated from 3–8 mm follicles. Association among the mRNA expression and hormone level was estimated. GCs were collected from small (3–8 mm), medium (9–12 mm) and large size (13 to 24 mm) follicles before, during onset, and after deviation, respectively. Further, mRNA expression, hormones (AMH, FSH, and LH), apoptosis of GCs, and cell viability were detected by qRT-PCR, ELISA, flow cytometry, and spectrophotometry. AMH, AMHR-II, BMP2, and FSHR genes were highly expressed in small and medium follicles as compared to large ones. In addition, the highest level of AMH protein (84.14 ± 5.41 ng/mL) was found in medium-size follicles. Lower doses of FSH increased the viability of bovine GCs while higher doses repressed them. In-vitro cultured GCs treated with FSH significantly increased the AMH, AMHR-II, and BMP2 expression levels at lower doses, while expression levels decreased at higher doses. We found an optimum level of FSH (25 ng/mL) which can significantly enhance AMH and BMP2 abundance (p < 0.05). In summary, AMH, AMHR-II, and BMP2 genes showed a higher expression in follicles developed in the presence of FSH. However, lower doses of FSH demonstrated a stimulatory effect on AMH and BMP2 expression, while expression started to decline at the maximum dose. In this study, we have provided a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating AMH, AMHR II, and BMP2 signaling in GCs during folliculogenesis, which would improve the outcomes of conventional assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), such as superovulation and oestrus synchronization in bovines.
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McLennan, Ian S., and Michael W. Pankhurst. "Anti-Müllerian hormone is a gonadal cytokine with two circulating forms and cryptic actions." Journal of Endocrinology 226, no. 3 (July 10, 2015): R45—R57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-15-0206.
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Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a multi-faceted gonadal cytokine. It is present in all vertebrates with its original function in phylogeny being as a regulator of germ cells in both sexes, and as a prime inducer of the male phenotype. Its ancient functions appear to be broadly conserved in mammals, but with this being obscured by its overt role in triggering the regression of the Müllerian ducts in male embryos. Sertoli and ovarian follicular cells primarily release AMH as a prohormone (proAMH), which forms a stable complex (AMHN,C) after cleavage by subtilisin/kexin-type proprotein convertases or serine proteinases. Circulating AMH is a mixture of proAMH and AMHN,C, suggesting that proAMH is activated within the gonads and putatively by its endocrine target-cells. The gonadal expression of the cleavage enzymes is subject to complex regulation, and the preliminary data suggest that this influences the relative proportions of proAMH and AMHN,Cin the circulation. AMH shares an intracellular pathway with the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and growth differentiation factor (GDF) ligands. AMH is male specific during the initial stage of development, and theoretically should produce male biases throughout the body by adding a male-specific amplification of BMP/GDF signalling. Consistent with this, some of the male biases in neuron number and the non-sexual behaviours of mice are dependent on AMH. After puberty, circulating levels of AMH are similar in men and women. Putatively, the function of AMH in adulthood maybe to add a gonadal influence to BMP/GDF-regulated homeostasis.
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Clatot, Florian, Kelsey Thomas, Matteo Lambertini, Nathalie Olympios, Orianne Duhamel, Anne Perdrix, and Richard Anderson. "Use of a high-sensitivity anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) assay to determine ovarian function after chemotherapy for early breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.552.
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552 Background: It is now well established that AMH can indicate the extent of chemotherapy-induced damage on the ovarian reserve. Very low AMH levels in women after chemotherapy for early breast cancer (eBC) may indicate treatment-induced premature ovarian failure (POI), but the evidence to implement its routine clinical use remains limited. Methods: AMH was measured (Roche cobas autoanalyser) in 197 women aged 40-45 years at diagnosis treated with anthracycline/cyclophosphamide/taxane based chemotherapy for eBC, with no previous endocrine therapy and no subsequent aromatase inhibitor exposure or ovarian suppression. 76% were ER positive and received tamoxifen. The primary objective was to assess the relationships between AMH levels at 6 months after chemotherapy (AMH6) with subsequent ovarian function at 30 months. This included accuracy of prediction of loss of ovarian function at 30 months (E30) after chemotherapy by AMH levels at 6 months (AMH6) and the value of other endocrine/clinical factors pretreatment and at 6 months. Multivariate analysis was performed with data were split into 70% training and 30% testing sets with results reported for model performance on the test set. Results: AMH fell from a median of 0.62 (IQR 0.21-1.31) ng/ml pretreatment to become undetectable ( < 0.01ng/ml) in 137 (70%) of women at 6 months. AMH showed very little recovery, being undetectable in 115 women at 18 months and 119 at 30 months. In those with detectable AMH at 30 months, it remained very low, median 0.07ng/ml, max 0.82ng/ml but nevertheless it reflected ovarian function. Thus median estradiol at 30 months (E30) was 50 pmol/l (IQR 34-68) in women with undetectable AMH at that time, vs 313 pmol/l (IQR 102-1052) in the 80 women with detectable AMH. AMH at 6 months was predictive of ovarian function at 30 months, as E30 was 56 pmol/l (IQR 40-104) in women with undetectable AMH6 vs 258pmol/l (IQR 69-780; p < 0.0001) in women with detectable AMH6, and the positive predictive value (PPV) of AMH being undetectable at 6 months and remaining so at 30 months was 77%. Random forest analysis identified BMI as a non-endocrine predictive factor of E30. Using a stringent cutoff of ≤50pmol/l (13.6 pg/ml) and adding 1:9 weighting to improve PPV gave a test validated PPV of 79.0% while maintaining AUC at 83.7% for prediction of E30. Other classifiers performed less well than random forests. Conclusions: Measurement of AMH at 6 months after chemotherapy has predictive value for later ovarian function, and combining this with other endocrine and baseline data improves discriminative ability. This approach indicates the potential role of multivariate analysis based on AMH measured shortly after chemotherapy to helping optimise subsequent endocrine therapy.
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Hameed, Asif, Mariyam Shahina, Shih-Yao Lin, You-Cheng Liu, and Chiu-Chung Young. "Pseudomonas hussainii sp. nov., isolated from droppings of a seashore bird, and emended descriptions of Pseudomonas pohangensis, Pseudomonas benzenivorans and Pseudomonas segetis." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_7 (July 1, 2014): 2330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.060319-0.
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Two Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterial strains that are motile by a monopolar flagellum, designated CC-AMH-11T and CC-AMHZ-5, were isolated from droppings of a seashore bird off the coast of Hualien, Taiwan. The strains showed 99.7 % mutual pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, while exhibiting <96.2 % sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Pseudomonas (95.7–95.9 % similarity with type species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa LMG 1242T), and formed a distinct co-phyletic lineage in the phylogenetic trees. The common major fatty acids (>5 % of the total) were C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c (summed feature 8), C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c (summed feature 3), C16 : 0 and C12 : 0. Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified phospholipid were detected as common polar lipids. The DNA G+C contents of strains CC-AMH-11T and CC-AMHZ-5 were 61.1 and 61.6 mol%, respectively. The common major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 9 (Q-9), and the predominant polyamine was putrescine. The DNA–DNA hybridization obtained between the two strains was 79.0 % (reciprocal value 89.4 % using CC-AMHZ-5 DNA as the probe). The very high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and DNA–DNA relatedness and the poorly distinguishable phenotypic features witnessed between CC-AMH-11T and CC-AMHZ-5 suggested unambiguously that they are two distinct strains of a single genomic species. However, the strains also showed several genotypic and phenotypic characteristics that distinguished them from other closely related species of Pseudomonas . Thus, the strains are proposed to represent a novel species of Pseudomonas , for which the name Pseudomonas hussainii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-AMH-11T ( = JCM 19513T = BCRC 80696T); a second strain of the same species is CC-AMHZ-5 ( = JCM 19512 = BCRC 80697). In addition, emended descriptions of the species Pseudomonas pohangensis , Pseudomonas benzenivorans and Pseudomonas segetis are also proposed.
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Zhang, Yan, Ricardo S. Hattori, Munti Sarida, Estefany L. García, Carlos Augusto Strüssmann, and Yoji Yamamoto. "Expression profiles of amhy and major sex-related genes during gonadal sex differentiation and their relation with genotypic and temperature-dependent sex determination in pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis." General and Comparative Endocrinology 265 (September 2018): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.03.013.
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SALHI, Imed, Sylvie CAMBON-ROQUES, Isabelle LAMARRE, Daniel LAUNE, Franck MOLINA, Martine PUGNIÈRE, Didier POURQUIER, et al. "The anti-Mullerian hormone type II receptor: insights into the binding domains recognized by a monoclonal antibody and the natural ligand." Biochemical Journal 379, no. 3 (May 1, 2004): 785–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20031961.
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Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) [also called Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS)] is a member of the transforming growth factor-β family. AMH and its type II receptor (AMHR-II) are involved in the regression of the Müllerian ducts in the male embryo, and in gonadal functions in the adult. AMH is also known to be a marker of granulosa and Sertoli cell tumours. We selected a high-affinity monoclonal antibody, mAb 12G4, specific for human AMHR-II (hAMHR-II), by FACS analysis, Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining of a hAMHR-II-transfected CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cell line, normal adult testicular tissue and granulosa cell tumours. Using peptide array screening, we identified the binding sequences of mAb 12G4 and AMH on the receptor. Identification of Asp53 and Ala55 as critical residues in the DRAQVEM minimal epitopic sequence of mAb 12G4 definitively accounted for the lack of cross-reactivity with the murine receptor, in which there is a glycine residue in place of an aspartic acid residue. In a structural model, the AMH-binding interface was mapped to the concave side of hAMHR-II, whereas the mAb 12G4-binding site was located on the convex side. mAb 12G4, the first mAb to be raised against hAMHR-II, therefore has unique properties that could make it a valuable tool for the immunotargeting of tumours expressing this receptor.
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Hayakawa, Toshiyuki, Masahiro Terahara, Naoko T. Fujito, Takumi Matsunaga, Kosuke M. Teshima, Masaya Hane, Ken Kitajima, Chihiro Sato, Naoyuki Takahata, and Yoko Satta. "Lower promoter activity of the ST8SIA2 gene has been favored in evolving human collective brains." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 16, 2021): e0259897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259897.
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ST8SIA2 is an important molecule regulating expression of the phenotype involved in schizophrenia. Lowered promoter activity of the ST8SIA2 gene is considered to be protective against schizophrenia by conferring tolerance to psychosocial stress. Here, we examined the promoter-type composition of anatomically modern humans (AMHs) and archaic humans (AHs; Neanderthals and Denisovans), and compared the promoter activity at the population level (population promoter activity; PPA) between them. In AMHs, the TCT-type, showing the second lowest promoter activity, was most prevalent in the ancestral population of non-Africans. However, the detection of only the CGT-type from AH samples and recombination tracts in AH sequences showed that the CGT- and TGT-types, exhibiting the two highest promoter activities, were common in AH populations. Furthermore, interspecies gene flow occurred into AMHs from AHs and into Denisovans from Neanderthals, influencing promoter-type compositions independently in both AMHs and AHs. The difference of promoter-type composition makes PPA unique in each population. East and Southeast Asian populations show the lowest PPA. This results from the selective increase of the CGC-type, showing the lowest promoter activity, in these populations. Every non-African population shows significantly lower PPA than African populations, resulting from the TCT-type having the highest prevalence in the ancestral population of non-Africans. In addition, PPA reduction is also found among subpopulations within Africa via a slight increase of the TCT-type. These findings indicate a trend toward lower PPA in the spread of AMHs, interpreted as a continuous adaptation to psychosocial stress arising in migration. This trend is considered as genetic tuning for the evolution of collective brains. The inferred promoter-type composition of AHs differed markedly from that of AMHs, resulting in higher PPA in AHs than in AMHs. This suggests that the trend toward lower PPA is a unique feature in AMH spread.
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Matuszczak, Ewa, Adam Hermanowicz, Marta Komarowska, and Wojciech Debek. "Serum AMH in Physiology and Pathology of Male Gonads." International Journal of Endocrinology 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/128907.
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AMH is secreted by immature Sertoli cells (SC) and is responsible for the regression of Müllerian ducts in the male fetus as part of the sexual differentiation process. AMH is also involved in testicular development and function. AMHs are at their lowest levels in the first days after birth but increase after the first week, likely reflecting active SC proliferation. AMH rises rapidly in concentration in boys during the first month, reaching a peak level at about 6 months of age, and then slowly declines during childhood, falling to low levels in puberty. Basal and FSH-stimulated levels of AMH, might become a useful predictive marker of the spermatogenic response to gonadotropic treatment in young patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. After puberty, AMH is released preferentially by the apical pole of the SC towards the lumen of the seminiferous tubules, resulting in higher concentrations in the seminal plasma than in the serum. Defects in AMH production and insensitivity to AMH due to receptor defects result in the persistent Müllerian duct syndrome. A measurable value of AMH in a boy with bilateral cryptorchidism is predictive of undescended testes, while an undetectable value is highly suggestive of anorchia or ovaries, as would be the case in girls with female pseudohermaphroditism and pure gonadal dysgenesis. Lower serum AMH concentrations in otherwise healthy boys with cryptorchidism, who were compared with their age-matched counterparts with palpable testes, have been reported previously. AMH levels are higher in prepubertal patients with varicocele than in controls. This altered serum profile of AMH in boys with varicoceles may indicate an early abnormality in the regulation of the seminiferous epithelial function. Serum AMH is known to be valuable in assessing gonadal function. As compared to testing involving the administration of human chorionic gonadotropin, the measurement of AMH is more sensitive and equally specific. Measurement of AMH is very useful in young children, because serum gonadotropin concentrations in those who are agonadal are nondiagnostic in midchildhood and serum testosterone concentrations may fail to increase with provocative testing in children with abdominal testes.
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Cannarella, Rossella, Alyssa J. J. Paganoni, Stefania Cicolari, Roberto Oleari, Rosita A. Condorelli, Sandro La Vignera, Anna Cariboni, Aldo E. Calogero, and Paolo Magni. "Anti-Müllerian Hormone, Growth Hormone, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Modulate the Migratory and Secretory Patterns of GnRH Neurons." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5 (February 28, 2021): 2445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052445.
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Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is secreted by Sertoli or granulosa cells. Recent evidence suggests that AMH may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) and that its serum levels could help to discriminate HH from delayed puberty. Moreover, the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) system may be involved in the function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, as delayed puberty is commonly found in patients with GH deficiency (GHD) or with Laron syndrome, a genetic form of GH resistance. The comprehension of the stimuli enhancing the migration and secretory activity of GnRH neurons might shed light on the causes of delay of puberty or HH. With these premises, we aimed to better clarify the role of the AMH, GH, and IGF1 on GnRH neuron migration and GnRH secretion, by taking advantage of previously established models of immature (GN11 cell line) and mature (GT1-7 cell line) GnRH neurons. Expression of Amhr, Ghr, and Igf1r genes was confirmed in both cell lines. Cells were then incubated with increasing concentrations of AMH (1.5–150 ng/mL), GH (3–1000 ng/mL), or IGF1 (1.5–150 ng/mL). All hormones were able to support GN11 cell chemomigration. AMH, GH, and IGF1 significantly stimulated GnRH secretion by GT1-7 cells after a 90-min incubation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the direct effects of GH and IGF1 in GnRH neuron migration and of GH in the GnRH secreting pattern. Taken together with previous basic and clinical studies, these findings may provide explanatory mechanisms for data, suggesting that AMH and the GH-IGF1 system play a role in HH or the onset of puberty.
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Ye, Yi, and C. Jeffery Woodbury. "Early Postnatal Loss of Heat Sensitivity Among Cutaneous Myelinated Nociceptors in Swiss–Webster Mice." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 3 (March 2010): 1385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00472.2009.
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Cutaneous myelinated nociceptors are known to exhibit considerable heterogeneity in their response to noxious heat. In the present experiments, we studied heat sensitivity among myelinated nociceptors during early postnatal life to determine whether this heterogeneity is correlated with other physiological and anatomical properties. A total of 129 cutaneous myelinated nociceptors were recorded intracellularly and characterized using mechanical and thermal skin stimuli in ex vivo preparations from neonatal Swiss–Webster (SW) mice across postnatal ages P2–P10; physiologically identified cells were iontophoretically labeled with neurobiotin for analyses of dorsal horn terminations from heat-sensitive and heat-insensitive cells. Our results show that heat sensitivity is not strictly correlated with other physiological or anatomical properties, most notably mechanical threshold or laminar termination patterns, of myelinated nociceptors at these ages. Further, we found a marked decline in the number of heat-sensitive myelinated mechanonociceptors (A-mechanoheat nociceptors [AMHs]) during this early postnatal period. Indeed, 68% of myelinated nociceptors were AMHs between P2 and P5, whereas this percentage dropped to 36% between P6 and P10. Multiple independent lines of evidence suggest that this decrease reflects a change in phenotype in a subset of myelinated nociceptors that lose sensitivity to noxious heat in early postnatal life. Interestingly, evidence was also obtained for a significant strain difference since the early transient excess in the number of AMHs in P2–P5 SW neonates was not present in similarly aged neonates from the C57Bl/6 strain. Potential mechanisms underlying these postnatal changes in AMH number are discussed.
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Sun, Xue-feng, Shao-qing Wen, Cheng-qiu Lu, Bo-yan Zhou, Darren Curnoe, Hua-yu Lu, Hong-chun Li, et al. "Ancient DNA and multimethod dating confirm the late arrival of anatomically modern humans in southern China." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 8 (February 8, 2021): e2019158118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2019158118.
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The expansion of anatomically modern humans (AMHs) from Africa around 65,000 to 45,000 y ago (ca. 65 to 45 ka) led to the establishment of present-day non-African populations. Some paleoanthropologists have argued that fossil discoveries from Huanglong, Zhiren, Luna, and Fuyan caves in southern China indicate one or more prior dispersals, perhaps as early as ca. 120 ka. We investigated the age of the human remains from three of these localities and two additional early AMH sites (Yangjiapo and Sanyou caves, Hubei) by combining ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis with a multimethod geological dating strategy. Although U–Th dating of capping flowstones suggested they lie within the range ca. 168 to 70 ka, analyses of aDNA and direct AMS 14C dating on human teeth from Fuyan and Yangjiapo caves showed they derive from the Holocene. OSL dating of sediments and AMS 14C analysis of mammal teeth and charcoal also demonstrated major discrepancies from the flowstone ages; the difference between them being an order of magnitude or more at most of these localities. Our work highlights the surprisingly complex depositional history recorded at these subtropical caves which involved one or more episodes of erosion and redeposition or intrusion as recently as the late Holocene. In light of our findings, the first appearance datum for AMHs in southern China should probably lie within the timeframe set by molecular data of ca. 50 to 45 ka.
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Bolletin, Paride. "Amiy." Revista de Antropologia da UFSCar 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52426/rau.v5i1.86.
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A etnologia das Terras Baixas sul americanas, nas últimas décadas, através dos trabalhos de Descola (1986; 2005), Viveiros e Castro (1996; 2009) e Santos-Granero (2009), só para citar alguns dentre vários outros possíveis nomes, evidenciou a convivência de múltiplos agentes na experiência da cotidianidade dos povos ameríndios. Frente a essa proliferação, faz-se importante levar a sério tais agências e acompanhar as trajetórias seguidas pelos diferentes vetores. Ao longo desse texto, portanto, iremos acompanhar essas múltiplas conexões, as quais agem em um processo de recíproca ressonância, ou seja, a oscilação ou o movimento de uma, influencia a oscilação da outra. Na descrição que segue, porei em evidência como estes produzem o movimento dos outros: músicas, falas formais, marimbondos, plantas e pessoas, mas também pinturas corporais e animais. Dessa forma, quero evidenciar a possibilidade de observar o conjunto, composto por estes elementos em contínuo movimento, como um sistema que constantemente dinamiza movimentos de adaptação, os quais permitem trazer à vista uma multiplicidade de relações que abrangem diferentes âmbitos da cotidianidade Xikrin.
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Gleicher, Norbert, Ann Kim, Andrea Weghofer, and David H. Barad. "Toward a Better Understanding of Functional Ovarian Reserve: AMH (AMHo) and FSH (FSHo) Hormone Ratios per Retrieved Oocyte." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 97, no. 3 (March 1, 2012): 995–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-2403.
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Zubair, Ayesha, Anas Khalil, Hassan Jamil, Anam Rehman, Bashir Ahmed Shaheen, and Samra Hafeez. "Biochemical Markers of Ovarian Reserve in Females, Effect of Exercise on Such Reserves." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 8 (August 30, 2021): 2260–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211582260.
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Background: Female who are in fertile period of their life and prefer a sedentary life style rather than performing regular physical exercise, whether light or heavy exercise show different hormonal pattern which effect their physical health. Such hormonal changes are directly related to the level of ovarian reserve of hormones which are negatively affected by lack of exercise. The ovarian pool of hormones decline with age and also lack of physical exercise. Among the large pool of biochemical markers AMH (anti-mullerian hormone) appears to be the most important and helpful indicator of ovarian reserve. Inclusion criteria: Healthy females between 25 to 35 years of age were included in the study. Exclusion criteria: Females below 25 years and above 35 years of age were excluded from the study, in addition those females having some medical problem or using some medication were also excluded from the study. Material and Methods: 20 females consented to participate in the study who were divided in two groups. These females were living a sedentary life before they joined the gymnasium. One group was subjected to light aerobic exercise and other group to heavy physical exercise. Tests before the start of study were conducted and were repeated after 08 weeks of study to observe the effect of both exercises on the ovarian reserves of different hormones. Results: The comparison between both groups were observed, the values before and after exercise has a remarkable difference, a decrease in values were observed in body weight, BMI, waist and hip ratio after exercise. Slight reduction in E2 and FSH level after aerobic exercises was observed. Whereas in heavy exercise group significant difference i.e. increase in level of FSH was observed at the same time, significant decrease in AMH level was also observed. The difference between E2 and LH had no significance in heavy exercise group. Conclusion: Those females who were living sedentary life and performed light aerobic exercise, even for a longer time period did not showed significant change in the E2, LH, FSH and AMH level of hormones. However, heavy exercise reduces the level of AMH and increases the level of FSH. These finding suggest heavy exercise may affect fertility in a negative way especially in females with low ovarian reserves. Keywords: Exercise, spinning, ovarian reserve, AMHh anti-mullerian hormone
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Davis, Vincent, and W. E. Lyons. "Amry Vandenbosch." PS: Political Science & Politics 24, no. 02 (June 1991): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096500050927.
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Verkauskas, Gilvydas, Diana Mačianskytė, Dainius Jančiauskas, Romualdas Preikša, Rasa Verkauskienė, and Francis Jaubert. "Diagnosis and management of 46,XY mixed gonadal dysgenesis and disorder of sexual differentiation." Medicina 45, no. 5 (May 10, 2009): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina45050045.
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Objective. We present our experience in diagnosing, gender assignment, and surgical management of sexual ambiguity in 46,XY mixed gonadal dysgenesis. Material and methods. A retrospective study of five cases treated from 2003 to 2006 was performed. Clinical picture, operative findings, testosterone levels, and immunohistochemistry of gonads for the expression of FOXL2, SOX9, AMH, AMHr, C-kit, and PLAP were analyzed. Results. All patients had ambiguous genitalia, urogenital sinus, uterus, testicle on one side, and a streak gonad on the other. Four patients were reared as male and one as female. Stimulation by human chorionic gonadotropin showed good penile size and testosterone response. All patients underwent laparoscopic gonadal biopsy and/or gonadectomy. Histological studies showed the presence of sparse primordial follicles surrounded by embryonic sex cords in the streak portion of gonads. Germ cells were C-kit positive in all and PLAP positive in four patients. FOXL2 expression was detected in four streak gonads and in none of testes. AMH expression was found only in testes. SOX9 expression was found in both investigated testes and in three out of four streak gonads investigated. Conclusions. 46,XY mixed gonadal dysgenesis should be differentiated from ovotesticular and other types of 46,XY disorders of sexual differentiation by the typical gonadal histology and internal genital structure. High testosterone level after stimulation and good response to testosterone treatment in 46,XY mixed gonadal dysgenesis could orient toward male sex assignment. There are different patterns of gene expression in testicular and streak gonads with a switch to FOXL2 positivity in streak gonads. Early gonadal and genital surgery is recommended.
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Bonato, Frederick. "Contributing to AMHP." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 88, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.ed0117.2017.
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Lundell, Sarah A., Alexandra M. Brown, Anthony M. Santora, Steven M. Romanelli, and Ipsita A. Banerjee. "Development of Self-Assembled Gold Nanoparticle Bound Amino Hydroxy Mercaptopurine Hybrids as Sensors for DNA Binding." Nano Hybrids and Composites 18 (November 2017): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.18.20.
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A new amphiphilic bio-organic material was developed by conjugating the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, 2-amino-6-hydroxy-8-mercaptopurine (AMHP) with the naturally occurring polyphenol coumaric acid (CA). The formed product, AMHP-CA was allowed to self-assemble at a pH range of 4 through 8. Nanospheres or fibrous assemblies ranging upto micrometers in length were formed, depending upon growth conditions. Furthermore, it was found that the assemblies biomimetically formed gold nanoparticles on its surfaces resulting in AMHP-CA-AuNP hybrids. The DNA sensing ability of the AuNP bound AMHP-CA assemblies was investigated at varying concentrations by studying the changes in conformations of salmon milt DNA by CD spectroscopy and by examining live binding with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. AuNP bound AMHP-CA assemblies had significantly increased DNA sensing ability and SPR signal compared to binding interactions in the absence of AuNPs. Thus, in this study it was found that AMHP-CA-AuNP assemblies may function as biosensors for DNA detection.
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Singh, Swaran P., Moli Paul, Tamsin Ford, Tami Kramer, Tim Weaver, Susan McLaren, Kimberly Hovish, Zoebia Islam, Ruth Belling, and Sarah White. "Process, outcome and experience of transition from child to adult mental healthcare: multiperspective study." British Journal of Psychiatry 197, no. 4 (October 2010): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.075135.
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BackgroundMany adolescents with mental health problems experience transition of care from child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) to adult mental health services (AMHS).AimsAs part of the TRACK study we evaluated the process, outcomes and user and carer experience of transition from CAMHS to AMHS.MethodWe identified a cohort of service users crossing the CAMHS/AMHS boundary over 1 year across six mental health trusts in England. We tracked their journey to determine predictors of optimal transition and conducted qualitative interviews with a subsample of users, their carers and clinicians on how transition was experienced.ResultsOf 154 individuals who crossed the transition boundary in 1 year, 90 were actual referrals (i.e. they made a transition to AMHS), and 64 were potential referrals (i.e. were either not referred to AMHS or not accepted by AMHS). Individuals with a history of severe mental illness, being on medication or having been admitted were more likely to make a transition than those with neurodevelopmental disorders, emotional/neurotic disorders and emerging personality disorder. Optimal transition, defined as adequate transition planning, good information transfer across teams, joint working between teams and continuity of care following transition, was experienced by less than 5% of those who made a transition. Following transition, most service users stayed engaged with AMHS and reported improvement in their mental health.ConclusionsFor the vast majority of service users, transition from CAMHS to AMHS is poorly planned, poorly executed and poorly experienced. The transition process accentuates pre-existing barriers between CAMHS and AMHS.
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Wang, He, Jingjing Li, Qian Yang, Lan Wang, Jing Wang, Yaxin Zhang, Yanjing Guo, et al. "Natural 2-Amino-3-Methylhexanoic Acid as Plant Elicitor Inducing Resistance against Temperature Stress and Pathogen Attack." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 5715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105715.
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2-Amino-3-methylhexanoic acid (AMHA) was synthetized as a non-natural amino acid more than 70 years ago; however, its possible function as an inducer of plant resistance has not been reported. Plant resistance inducers, also known as plant elicitors, are becoming a novel and important development direction in crop protection and pest management. We found that free AMHA accumulated in the mycelia but not in fermentation broths of four fungal species, Magnaporthe oryzae and three Alternaria spp. We unequivocally confirmed that AMHA is a naturally occurring endogenous (2S, 3S)-α-amino acid, based on isolation, purification and structural analyses. Further experiments demonstrated that AMHA has potent activity-enhancing resistance against extreme temperature stresses in several plant species. It is also highly active against fungal, bacterial and viral diseases by inducing plant resistance. AMHA pretreatment strongly protected wheat against powdery mildew, Arabidopsis against Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 and tobacco against Tomato spotted wilt virus. AMHA exhibits a great potential to become a unique natural elicitor protecting plants against biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Puchoňová, Miroslava, Milan Mazúr, and Dušan Valigura. "Methyl- and methoxysalicylatocopper(II) complexes with 2-aminomethylpyridine." Acta Chimica Slovaca 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2014): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acs-2014-0016.
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Abstract As a part of our systematic study of copper(II) complexes in presence of biologically active ligands, we concluded to realize experiments with methyl- or methoxysalicylatocopper(II) complexes in presence of 2-aminomethylpyridine (ampy) ligand. This has resulted in four new complexes of the formula Cu(XSal)2(ampy) (where XSal are 3-MeSal− = 3-methylsalicylate, 4-MeSal− = 4-methylsalicylate, 5-MeSal− = 5-methylsalicylate, or 4-MeOSal− = 4-methoxylsalicylate anions). The synthesis, elemental analysis and spectral properties (EPR, electronic and infrared) are reported. The Cu(II) atom in all four complexes is probably coordinated by two nitrogen atom of the bidentate chelating ampy as well as monodentate and/or highly asymmetrically chelating salicylate anions. Based on the analyses it was concluded that the structure of these new compounds could be similar to [Cu(HCOO)2(ampy)], or [Cu(CH3COO)2(ampy)] that are reported in the literature.
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Chen, Kuan-Ting, Ji-Hong Hu, Xiang-Kai Yang, and Jhy-Der Chen. "Impact of Isomeric Dicarboxylate Ligands on the Formation of One-Dimensional Coordination Polymers and Metallocycles: A Novel cis→trans Isomerization." Polymers 12, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061281.
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A series of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) coordination polymers and dinuclear metallocycles containing 4-aminopyridine (4-ampy) and benzenedicarboxylate ligands, {[M(4-ampy)2(1,4-BDC)]·H2O·CH3CH2OH}n (M = Ni, 1a; Co, 1b, 1,4-H2BDC = benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid), {[Ni2(4-ampy)4(1,3-BDC)2]·H2O·CH3CH2OH}n (1,3-H2BDC = benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid), 2, [M2(4-ampy)4(1,2-BDC)2] (M = Ni, 3a; Co, 3b, 1,2-H2BDC = benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid), [Co(4-ampy)2(1,3-BDC)]n, 4, {[Cu(4-ampy)2(1,4-BDC)] CH3CH2OH}n, 5a, and {[Cu(4-ampy)2(1,4-BDC)]·H2O}n, 5b·H2O, are reported, which were hydrothermally prepared and structurally characterized by using single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complexes 1a and 1b are isomorphous 1D zigzag chains, while 2 displays a concave–convex chain and 3a and 3b are dinuclear metallocycles that differ in the boding modes of the 1,2-BDC2− ligands, forming a 3D and a 2D supramolecular structures with the pcu and sql topologies, respectively. Complex 4 exhibit a 1D helical chain and complexes 5a and 5b·H2O are 1D linear and zigzag chains, in which the Cu2-1,4-BDC2− units adopt the cis and trans configurations, respectively. A novel irreversible structural transformation due to cis→trans isomerization of the Cu2-1,4-BDC2− units was observed in 5b⋅H2O and 5a upon water adsorption of the desolvated product of 5b·H2O.
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Zhou, Yong, Chaolu Chen, Changchang Hu, Yuan Wang, Xian Zhang, and Ruijin Wu. "Predictive value of the serum anti-Müllerian level for spontaneous pregnancy in women after endometriosis surgery." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 11 (September 26, 2019): 5643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060519861171.
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Objective This study was performed to assess the predictive value of the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) serum level for spontaneous pregnancy in women after endometriosis surgery. Methods In total, 124 patients with suspected ovarian endometrioma planning to undergo laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy were divided into a high AMH group (AMH > 2 ng/mL) and low AMH group (AMH ≤ 2 ng/mL) according to their preoperative AMH levels. The postoperative AMH levels were also measured, and pregnancy outcomes were followed up. Results Twenty-one patients were excluded, and 52 pregnancies were registered in the remaining 103 patients diagnosed with endometriosis. The pregnancy rate was significantly greater in the high than low AMH group. Receiver operator characteristics analysis of preoperative AMH, postoperative AMH, and the AMH decline rate showed that preoperative AMH was associated with the greatest area under the curve. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that women in the high AMH group had a significantly higher cumulative pregnancy rate than those in the low AMH group. Conclusion The preoperative AMH level might be a useful marker to predict the occurrence of natural pregnancy and could be offered as part of the fertility strategy to women who desire pregnancy after endometriosis surgery.
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Cuenu-Cabezas, Femando, Maria Cristina Duque-Hoyos, and Alberto Bolaños-Rivera. "HIDROFORMILACIÓN EN FASE HOMOGÉNEA DE EUGENOL E ISOEUGENOL CON LOS COMPLEJOS (RhCl(n4-1,5-COD)(2-ampy)) y (RhCl(PPh3)2(2-ampy)2)." Revista de Investigaciones Universidad del Quindío 22, no. 1 (September 20, 2021): 150–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33975/riuq.vol22n1.670.
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Se realizó la síntesis de los complejos (RhCl(n4-1,5-COD)(2-ampy)) y (RhCl(PPh3)2(2-ampy)2), (donde COD es ciclaoctadieno, 2-ampy es 2-ominopiridino y PPh3 trifenilfosfino). El compuesto (RhCl(PPh 3)2(2-ampy)2) presento un doblete a 29.4 ppm, con una constante de acoplamiento Rh-P de 86 Hz, indicando que las fosfinas se encuentran en posición trans. Los compuestos fueron activos en Ja hidroformilación de eugenol e isoeugenol, en donde la selectividad y actividad catalítica depende de varios factores tales como, los impedimentos estéricos en el ligante, los factores electrónicos y la temperatura de reacción. El complejo con los ligantes fosfina presento una menor actividad catalítica pero una mayor selectividad hacia aldehídos lineales.
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Cabeza, Javier A., Ignacio del Río, Pablo García-Álvarez, and Daniel Miguel. "Hexaruthenium and octaruthenium carbonyl cluster complexes derived from 2-amino-6-methylpyridine Novel coordination modes for 2-imidopyridines." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 84, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-228.
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The hexanuclear ruthenium cluster [Ru6(µ3-H)2(µ-H)2(µ4-κ2-ampy)2(CO)14] (1) and the octanuclear one [Ru8(µ-H)(µ4-κ2-ampy)3(µ3-κ2-Hampy)(µ-CO)2(CO)15] (2) have been prepared by treating [Ru6(µ3-H)2(µ5-κ2-ampy)(µ-CO)2(CO)14] with 2-amino-6-methylpyridine (H2ampy) in decane at reflux temperature. Their metal atoms are supported by ligands that derive from the activation of one (complex 2) or both NH bonds (complexes 1 and 2) of the H2ampy amino fragment. Both contain at least one ampy ligand featuring an unprecedented coordination type: the imido N atom caps a triangle of metal atoms while the pyridine nitrogen is attached to an additional metal atom. One of the ampy ligands of cluster 2 also displays another unprecedented coordination type: it caps a distorted square of metal atoms through the imido N atom while the pyridine nitrogen is attached to one of the atoms included in that square.Key words: ruthenium, cluster compounds, amido ligands, imido ligands.
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Jaswa, Eleni Greenwood, Julie S. Rios, Marcelle I. Cedars, Nanette F. Santoro, Mary Ellen G. Pavone, Richard S. Legro, and Heather G. Huddleston. "Increased Body Mass Index Is Associated With A Nondilutional Reduction in Antimüllerian Hormone." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 10 (August 5, 2020): 3234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa436.
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Abstract Context Controversy exists regarding if and how body mass index (BMI) impacts antimüllerian hormone (AMH) in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Understanding the BMI-AMH relationship has critical implications for clinical interpretation of laboratory values and could illuminate underlying ovarian physiology. Objective To test the hypotheses that (1) BMI is associated with reduced AMH in PCOS and ovulatory controls (OVAs) and (2) the reduction in AMH is not accounted for by dilutional effects. Design/Setting Multicenter cohort. Participants Women aged 25 to 40 years from 2 clinical populations: 640 with PCOS, 921 women as OVAs. Main Outcome Measures Ovarian reserve indices: AMH, antral follicle count (AFC), and AMH to AFC ratio (AMH/AFC) as a marker of per-follicle AMH production. Results In both cohorts, increasing BMI and waist circumference were associated with reductions in AMH and AMH/AFC, after adjusting for age, race, smoking, and site in multivariate regression models. Increasing BMI was associated with reduced AFC in PCOS but not OVAs. Body surface area (BSA), which unlike BMI is strongly proportional to plasma volume, was added to investigate a potential dilutive effect of body size on AMH concentrations. After controlling for BSA, BMI retained independent associations with AMH in both cohorts; BSA no longer associated with AMH. Conclusions In an adjusted analysis, BMI, but not BSA, was associated with reduced AMH; these data do not support a role for hemodilution in mediating the relationship between increased body size and reduced AMH. Decreased AMH production by the follicle unit may be responsible for reduced AMH with increasing BMI.
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Rocha, R. M. P., L. F. Lima, I. R. Brito, G. M. Silva, H. H. V. Correia, N. A. Ribeiro de Sá, A. C. A. Ferreira, et al. "Anti-Müllerian hormone reduces growth rate without altering follicular survival in isolated caprine preantral follicles cultured in vitro." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 6 (2017): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd15290.
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), with and without FSH, on the in vitro development of isolated caprine preantral follicles, as well as follicular steroid production and mRNA levels of AMH, hormone receptors (AMH and FSH), CYP19A1 (cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1), CYP17 (cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily A, polypeptide 1), HSD3B (3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) and Myc (myelocytomatosis oncogene). Isolated secondary follicles were cultured in minimum essential medium alpha (α-MEM+) alone or supplemented with 50 ng mL–1 AMH and/or 100 ng mL–1 FSH added sequentially on different days of culture. Follicles were cultured for a total of 18 days, with different media during the first (Days 0–9) and second (Days 10–18) halves of the culture period, resulting in six treatment groups, as follows: α-MEM+/α-MEM+, FSH/FSH, AMH/AMH, AMH+FSH/AMH+FSH, AMH/FSH, and FSH/AMH. Follicle development was evaluated on the basis of follicular growth, oocyte maturation and steroid secretion. There was a decrease in follicular growth rate in the AMH, AMH + FSH and AMH/FSH treatment groups compared with α-MEM+ and FSH treatment groups (P < 0.05). However, the different culture conditions had no effect on rates of meiotic resumption and steroid secretion (P > 0.05). Moreover, follicles cultured in the presence of FSH had lower levels of AMH receptor type II (AMHRII) mRNA compared with non-cultured control (freshly isolated follicles), and the AMH and AMH/FSH treatment groups. In conclusion, AMH reduces the follicular growth rate of isolated goat preantral follicles in vitro without affecting follicular survival.
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Tan, Eek Chaw, Pallavi Chincholkar, Su Ling Yu, Serene Liqing Lim, Rajkumaralal Renuka, Tze Tein Yong, Chin Pin Yeo, and Hemashree Rajesh. "Comparison of Automated Anti-Müllerian Hormone Assays and Antral Follicle Count in Predicting Ovarian Response During Ovarian Stimulation." Fertility & Reproduction 01, no. 02 (June 2019): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318219500099.
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Objective: Various parameters had been used to predict ovarian response. Among them, Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) demonstrate the most favourable analytical and performance characteristics. In this pilot study, we aim to determine the cut-off levels of AMH using automated AMH assays and AFC in the prediction of poor and high responders. Study Design: Prospective study of 43 women between 21 to 45 years old scheduled for assisted reproduction. AMH levels on day 3 of menstruation were analysed using two immunoassay kits, namely the Beckman Coulter Access AMH and the Roche Elecsys AMH on the two automated analysers Beckman Coulter DxI 800 and Roche Cobas e602 respectively. AFC was also assessed on day 3 of menstruation prior to in vitro fertilization (IVF). These were compared with the number of oocytes retrieved after controlled ovarian stimulation. Results: AMH (Beckman Coulter Access AMH and Roche Elecsys AMH) highly correlated with AFC and the number of oocytes retrieved after ovarian stimulation. Beckman Coulter Access AMH was the better predictor for poor ovarian response with ROC [Formula: see text] of 0.83. For the prediction of a high response, AFC had a higher ROC [Formula: see text] of 0.95. Through ROC, the AMH cut-off level for poor ovarian response was 2.23 ng/ml with Beckman Coulter Access AMH and 2.02 ng/ml with Roche Elecsys AMH, while the AMH cut-off for a high ovarian response was 5.19 ng/ml with Beckman Coulter Access AMH and 4.60 ng/ml with Roche Elecsys AMH. For AFC, the cut-off for poor ovarian response was 18 and for high response was 34. Conclusion: AMH and AFC are reliable predictors of ovarian response. Establishment of specific levels may improve individualised controlled ovarian stimulation and optimise the oocyte yield. Larger studies are required to establish these findings.
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Mossa, F., F. Jimenez-Krassel, D. Scheetz, M. Weber-Nielsen, A. C. O. Evans, and J. J. Ireland. "Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) and fertility management in agricultural species." Reproduction 154, no. 1 (July 2017): R1—R11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-17-0104.
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A reliable, easy to assess marker for fertility in agricultural species would be highly desirable and Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is a promising candidate. This review summarizes recent findings concerning AMH and its role in fertility management, mainly in cattle. It focuses on (1) alterations in circulating AMH concentrations from birth to puberty and during estrous cycles; (2) correlation of circulating AMH concentrations with ovarian follicle numbers and ovarian reserve; (3) factors that impact circulating AMH concentrations; (4) use of AMH as a predictor of fertility. Circulating AMH concentrations can be easily and reliably measured with a single blood sample in adult cattle because AMH varies minimally during the estrous cycle and is repeatable across multiple cycles. Circulating AMH concentrations are positively associated with several measures of fertility. Dairy heifers with low compared with higher AMH concentrations subsequently had lower pregnancy rates, higher probability of being culled after birth of their first calf and shorter herd longevity. Also, AMH is predictive of response to superovulation in cattle and sheep. Several factors contribute to the variability in AMH concentrations among individuals; for example, beef cattle have higher AMH than dairy cattle. Nutritional imbalances, disease and endocrine disruptors during fetal life may negatively program the size of the ovarian reserve and consequently serum AMH concentrations and potential fertility in adulthood. We conclude that AMH may be a predictor of fertility and herd longevity in cattle, whereas in sheep and other farm species, the potential association between AMH and reproductive performance remains largely unexplored. Free Italian abstract: An Italian translation of this abstract is freely available at http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/154/1/R1/suppl/DC1
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Rey, Rodolfo, and Nathalie Josso. "Regulation of testicular anti-Müllerian hormone secretion." European Journal of Endocrinology 135, no. 2 (August 1996): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1350144.
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Rey R, Josso N. Regulation of testicular anti-Müllerian hormone secretion. Eur J Endocrinol 1996; 135:144–52. ISSN 0804–4643 Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein secreted by Sertoli cells from the time of testicular differentiation and is responsible for the regression of Müllerian ducts in the male fetus. The chronology of AMH expression is very important because Müllerian ducts lose their responsiveness a few days after AMH secretion begins, which suggests that the AMH gene is under precise transcriptional control. Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) is the only transcriptional regulator with demonstrated action on AMH expression. Although necessary for AMH expression, SF-1 alone is not sufficient to induce AMH transcription. SRY expression is turned on in Sertoli cells just before AMH expression is initiated, but the effective implication of SRY in AMH regulation remains unclear. During puberty, AMH expression is regulated negatively by androgens and declines dramatically in seminiferous tubules with meiotic development. Low serum AMH levels are observed in both central and gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty, which suggests that gonadotropins do not downregulate AMH at puberty. Serum AMH returns to normal infantile values 3–6 months after treatment. The absence of androgen response elements on the AMH promoter and the slow response to androgen withdrawal suggest that androgen regulation of AMH secretion is indirect. In patients with defects of androgen production or action, serum AMH reaches abnormally high levels in the neonatal and pubertal periods, which suggests a possible stimulatory role for gonadotropins that could be observed only in the absence of suppressive effects of androgens. Rodolfo Rey, INSERM U.293, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France
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Hunowu, Risti Puspita Sari. "STUDY OF ORNAMENTS IN HUNTO SULTAN AMAY MOSQUE GORONTALO." ARTic 4 (September 16, 2019): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/artic.2019.4.2418.167-176.
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This research is aimed at studying the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque located in Gorontalo City. Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque is the oldest mosque in the city of Gorontalo The Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque was built as proof of Sultan Amay's love for a daughter and is a representation of Islam in Gorontalo. Researchers will investigate the visual form of the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque which was originally like an ancient mosque in the archipelago. can be seen from the shape of the roof which initially used an overlapping roof and then converted into a dome as well as mosques in the world, we can be sure the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque uses a dome roof after the arrival of Dutch Colonial. The researcher used a qualitative method by observing the existing form in detail from the building of the mosque with an aesthetic approach, reviewing objects and selecting the selected ornament giving a classification of the shapes, so that the section became a reference for the author as research material. Based on the analysis of this thesis, the form of the Hunto Sultan Amay mosque as well as the mosques located in the archipelago and the existence of ornaments in the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque as a decorative structure support the grandeur of a mosque. On the other hand, Hunto Mosque ornaments reveal a teaching. The form of a teaching is manifested in the form of motives and does not depict living beings in a realist or naturalist manner. the decorative forms of the Hunto Sultan Sultan Mosque in general tend to lead to a form of flora, geometric ornaments, and ornament of calligraphy dominated by the distinctive colors of Islam, namely gold, white, red, yellow and green.
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Hunowu, Risti Puspita Sari. "STUDY OF ORNAMENTS IN HUNTO SULTAN AMAY MOSQUE GORONTALO." ARTic 4 (September 16, 2019): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/artic.v4i0.2418.
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This research is aimed at studying the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque located in Gorontalo City. Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque is the oldest mosque in the city of Gorontalo The Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque was built as proof of Sultan Amay's love for a daughter and is a representation of Islam in Gorontalo. Researchers will investigate the visual form of the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque which was originally like an ancient mosque in the archipelago. can be seen from the shape of the roof which initially used an overlapping roof and then converted into a dome as well as mosques in the world, we can be sure the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque uses a dome roof after the arrival of Dutch Colonial. The researcher used a qualitative method by observing the existing form in detail from the building of the mosque with an aesthetic approach, reviewing objects and selecting the selected ornament giving a classification of the shapes, so that the section became a reference for the author as research material. Based on the analysis of this thesis, the form of the Hunto Sultan Amay mosque as well as the mosques located in the archipelago and the existence of ornaments in the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque as a decorative structure support the grandeur of a mosque. On the other hand, Hunto Mosque ornaments reveal a teaching. The form of a teaching is manifested in the form of motives and does not depict living beings in a realist or naturalist manner. the decorative forms of the Hunto Sultan Sultan Mosque in general tend to lead to a form of flora, geometric ornaments, and ornament of calligraphy dominated by the distinctive colors of Islam, namely gold, white, red, yellow and green.
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Stoessel, Alexander, Romain David, Philipp Gunz, Tobias Schmidt, Fred Spoor, and Jean-Jacques Hublin. "Morphology and function of Neandertal and modern human ear ossicles." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 41 (September 26, 2016): 11489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605881113.
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The diminutive middle ear ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) housed in the tympanic cavity of the temporal bone play an important role in audition. The few known ossicles of Neandertals are distinctly different from those of anatomically modern humans (AMHs), despite the close relationship between both human species. Although not mutually exclusive, these differences may affect hearing capacity or could reflect covariation with the surrounding temporal bone. Until now, detailed comparisons were hampered by the small sample of Neandertal ossicles and the unavailability of methods combining analyses of ossicles with surrounding structures. Here, we present an analysis of the largest sample of Neandertal ossicles to date, including many previously unknown specimens, covering a wide geographic and temporal range. Microcomputed tomography scans and 3D geometric morphometrics were used to quantify shape and functional properties of the ossicles and the tympanic cavity and make comparisons with recent and extinct AMHs as well as African apes. We find striking morphological differences between ossicles of AMHs and Neandertals. Ossicles of both Neandertals and AMHs appear derived compared with the inferred ancestral morphology, albeit in different ways. Brain size increase evolved separately in AMHs and Neandertals, leading to differences in the tympanic cavity and, consequently, the shape and spatial configuration of the ossicles. Despite these different evolutionary trajectories, functional properties of the middle ear of AMHs and Neandertals are largely similar. The relevance of these functionally equivalent solutions is likely to conserve a similar auditory sensitivity level inherited from their last common ancestor.
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Verstegen, J., and A. Rozner. "87 OVARIAN RESERVE, EMBRYO PRODUCTION, AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH ANTI-MÜLLERIAN HORMONE (AMH) IN HOLSTEIN COWS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 1 (2015): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv27n1ab87.
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Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a small peptide hormone that has been associated with ovarian follicular reserve in humans and in some animal species including bovine. Profiles of AMH, as well as the relationship between serum AMH to oocyte number and in vivo embryo production, were evaluated in Holstein cows. AMH levels were determined in 15 unstimulated cows at monthly intervals for 4 months and in 394 male and 399 female developing Holstein animals from birth to adulthood. Also, AMH was measured in 41 heifers at the time of ovum pick-up (OPU) and 125 heifers at the time of embryo flushing. Superovulation was induced before OPU or embryo flushing using a modified Ovsynch protocol with 4 days of decreasing FSH (Pluset H®, MOFA Global, Verona, WI, USA). Blood samples were collected using serum tubes and spun within 2 h. The samples were stored at –20°C until evaluated for AMH using the AMH-Bovine specific immunoassay® (MOFA Global). AMH levels in males and females peaked at 2 months of age and then decrease as they reached adulthood. The average AMH level of adult cows was stable for each of the 4 monthly measurements, with a high correlation between all values per animal (r2 = 0.9077; P < 0.01), suggesting that AMH levels are consistent for at least 4 consecutive months. However, AMH levels were lowest during the summer months, suggesting a seasonal change in AMH secretion. Animals repeatedly ovarian stimulated showed decreasing AMH levels (509 ± 295, 299 ± 210, 211 ± 119) with subsequent stimulations. There was also a significant decrease in the number of embryos recovered (5.7 ± 4, 2.2 ± 1.9; P = 0.02); however, the number of oocytes was not altered by multiple stimulations (9.9 ± 9.8, 8.1 ± 6.2; P = 0.57). Because AMH and embryo numbers decreased after multiple stimulations, the first AMH value and results of the first OPU or embryo flush were used for the correlation of AMH to the number of oocytes or embryos. Animals were separated into 3 AMH categories: low (<100), normal (100–400), and high (>400 pg mL–1). High AMH OPU animals had significantly higher numbers of oocytes than the normal or low AMH groups (13.8 ± 9.2, 9.2 ± 5.3, 5.6 ± 3.9; P = 0.001). High AMH flushed animals had significantly higher numbers of embryos than animals with low AMH (10.9 ± 8.0, 5.7 ± 5; P = 0.002). Statistical analyses were performed using Statview 5. Differences were determined using Student's t-test; P < 0.05 was considered significant. In conclusion, AMH serum concentrations are consistent over multiple months; however, blood should not be taken for animal selection by AMH after ovarian stimulations have begun and should be interpreted with caution during the summer months. AMH is highly associated with superovulation response and oocyte and embryo production and should improve efficiency of multiple-ovulation embryo transfer.
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Kodama, Maho, Mari Suda, Daiki Sakamoto, Takehiro Iwasaki, Yasuki Matsuo, Yoshinobu Uno, Yoichi Matsuda, et al. "Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) from the Japanese Wrinkled Frog, Rana rugosa." Endocrinology 156, no. 5 (February 25, 2015): 1914–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-2053.
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The role of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) during gonad development has been studied extensively in many species of mammal, bird, reptile, and fish but remains unresolved in amphibians. In male mammalian embryos, Sox9 activates AMH expression, which initiates regression of the Müllerian ducts. However, Sox9 (Sry-related HMG box 9) is unlikely to initiate AMH in chicken, because AMH precedes Sox9 expression in this species. To clarify whether AMH is involved in testicular differentiation in amphibians, we cloned the full-length AMH cDNA from the Japanese wrinkled frog, Rana rugosa. The AMH gene, which appears to be autosomal, is exclusively expressed in the testis of adult frog among 8 different tissues examined; Sertoli cells are probably responsible for its expression. AMH expression was found in the undifferentiated gonad of both male and female tadpoles, increasing in the differentiating testis. Moreover, we observed consensus binding sites for Sox9 in the 5′-flanking region of the AMH gene. Sox9 stimulated statistically significant AMH expression in luciferase reporter assays when coexpressed in Xenopus kidney-derived A6 cells. However, Sox9 expression showed no sexual dimorphism when AMH expression was up-regulated in the developing testis. These results, taken together, suggest that AMH is probably involved in testicular differentiation in R. rugosa, although an additional, perhaps tissue-specific, transcription factor may be required for the regulation of AMH transcription.
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Hawley, Sylvia A., R. A. Norman, Celeste J. Brown, Winifred W. Doane, Wyatt W. Anderson, and Donal A. Hickey. "Amylase gene expression in intraspecific and interspecific somatic transformants of Drosophila." Genome 33, no. 4 (August 1, 1990): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g90-074.
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The Amylase locus in Drosophila melanogaster normally contains two copies of the structural gene for α-amylase, a centromere-proximal copy, Amy-p, and a distal copy, Amy-d. Products of the two genes may display discrete electrophoretic mobilities, but many strains known to carry the Amy duplication are characterized by a single amylase electromorph, e.g., Oregon-R, which produces the mobility variant AMY-1. A transient expression assay was used in somatic transformation experiments to test the functional status of the Amy genes from an Oregon-R strain. Plasmid constructs containing either the proximal or distal copy were tested in amylase-null hosts. Both genes produced a functional AMY-1 isozyme. Constructs were tested against an AMY-3 reference activity produced by a coinjected plasmid that contains the Amy-d3 allele from a Canton-S strain. With reference to the internal control, the Amy-p and Amy-d genes from Oregon-R expressed different relative activity levels for AMY-1 in transient assays. The transient expression assay was successfully used to test the functional status of, Amy-homologous sequences from strains of other species of Drosophila characterized by a single amylase electromorph, namely, Drosophila pseudoobscura ST and Drosophila miranda S 204. The amylase-null strain of D. melanogaster provided the hosts for these interspecific somatic transformation experiments.Key words: α-amylase, Amy, transient assay, gene duplication, intergenic transformation.
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Ohdan, Kohji, Takashi Kuriki, Hiroki Takata, Hiroki Kaneko, and Shigetaka Okada. "Introduction of Raw Starch-Binding Domains intoBacillus subtilis α-Amylase by Fusion with the Starch-Binding Domain of Bacillus Cyclomaltodextrin Glucanotransferase." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 3058–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.7.3058-3064.2000.
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ABSTRACT We constructed two types of chimeric enzymes, Ch1 Amy and Ch2 Amy. Ch1 Amy consisted of a catalytic domain of Bacillus subtilis X-23 α-amylase (Ba-S) and the raw starch-binding domain (domain E) of Bacillus A2-5a cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (A2-5a CGT). Ch2 Amy consisted of Ba-S and D (function unknown) plus E domains of A2-5a CGT. Ch1 Amy acquired raw starch-binding and -digesting abilities which were not present in the catalytic part (Ba-S). Furthermore, the specific activity of Ch1 Amy was almost identical when enzyme activity was evaluated on a molar basis. Although Ch2 Amy exhibited even higher raw starch-binding and -digesting abilities than Ch1 Amy, the specific activity was lower than that of Ba-S. We did not detect any differences in other enzymatic characteristics (amylolytic pattern, transglycosylation ability, effects of pH, and temperature on stability and activity) among Ba-S, Ch1 Amy, and Ch2 Amy.
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Hoyos, Luis R., Jenny A. Visser, Anke McLuskey, Gregorio D. Chazenbalk, Tristan R. Grogan, and Daniel A. Dumesic. "Loss of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) immunoactivity due to a homozygous AMH gene variant rs10417628 in a woman with classical polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)." Human Reproduction 35, no. 10 (September 11, 2020): 2294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaa199.
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ABSTRACT Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by granulosa cells of pre-antral and small antral ovarian follicles. In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), higher levels of serum AMH are usually encountered due to the ample presence of small antral follicles and a high AMH production per follicular unit which have led to the proposal of AMH as a serum diagnostic marker for PCOS or as a surrogate for polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM). However, heterozygous coding mutations of the AMH gene with decreased in vitro bioactivity have been described in some women with PCOS. Such mutation carriers have a trend toward reduced serum AMH levels compared to noncarriers, although both types of women with PCOS have similar circulating gonadotropin and testosterone (T) levels. This report describes a normal-weight woman with PCOS by NIH criteria with severely reduced AMH levels (index woman with PCOS). Our objective was to examine the molecular basis for her reduced serum AMH levels and to compare her endocrine characteristics to similar-weight women with PCOS and detectable AMH levels. Twenty normoandrogenic ovulatory (control) and 13 age- and BMI-matched women with PCOS (19–35 years; 19–25 kg/m2) underwent transvaginal sonography and serum hormone measures including gonadotropins, sex hormone-binding globulin, total and free T, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, estrone, estradiol and AMH. The latter was measured by ELISA (Pico-AMH: Ansh Labs, Webster, TX, USA). Women with PCOS and detectable AMH had higher serum AMH (10.82 (6.74–13.40) ng/ml, median (interquartile range)), total and free T (total T: 55.5 (49.5–62.5) ng/dl; free T: 5.65 (4.75–6.6) pg/ml) levels and greater total antral follicle count (AFC) (46 (39–59) follicles) than controls (AMH: 4.03 (2.47–6.11) ng/ml; total T: 30 (24.5–34.5) ng/dl; free T: 2.2 (1.8–2.45) pg/ml; AFC 16 (14.5–21.5) follicles, P < 0.05, all values), along with a trend toward LH hypersecretion (P = 0.06). The index woman with PCOS had severely reduced serum AMH levels (∼0.1 ng/ml), although she also had a typical NIH-defined PCOS phenotype resembling that of the other women with PCOS and elevated AMH levels. All women with PCOS, including the index woman with PCOS, exhibited LH hypersecretion, hyperandrogenism, reduced serum estrogen/androgen ratios and PCOM. A homozygous Ala515Val variant (rs10417628) in the mature region of AMH was identified in the index woman with PCOS. Recombinant hAMH-515Val displayed normal processing and bioactivity, yet had severely reduced immunoactivity when measured by the commercial pico-AMH ELISA assay by Ansh Labs. In conclusion, homozygous AMH variant rs10417628 may severely impair serum AMH immunoactivity without affecting its bioactivity or PCOS phenotypic expression. Variants in AMH can interfere with serum AMH immunoactivity without affecting the phenotype in PCOS. This observation can be accompanied by discordance between AMH immunoactivity and bioactivity.