Relevant bibliographies by topics / American political philosophy

Academic literature on the topic 'American political philosophy'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "American political philosophy"

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Goodson, Jacob L., and Quinlan C. Stein. "The American Republic: William James on Political Leadership." Contemporary Pragmatism 19, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18758185-bja10031.

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Abstract Since Plato’s Republic, philosophers have outlined their expectations for political leaders and have offered judgments on the actions and decisions made by political leaders in their given context. It turns out that the American philosopher, William James, participates in this philosophical tradition. Although it has been assumed by professional philosophers—and even scholars of William James’s work—that James has no political philosophy, we argue that James’s political philosophy becomes both practical and useful for making judgments about and against political leaders.
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Klosko, George. "Rawls's “Political” Philosophy and American Democracy." American Political Science Review 87, no. 2 (June 1993): 348–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2939045.

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John Rawls has recently argued that political philosophy can significantly contribute to making democratic societies stable. He seeks moral principles that can ground what he calls an overlapping consensus and argues that his well-known principles of justice can serve in this capacity. I criticize both Rawls's general claims about the role of political philosophy and his particular defense of the principles of justice. Both arguments commit Rawls to specific empirical claims about existing liberal societies that are highly questionable. In particular, the Kantian moral views that Rawls believes to be central to liberal culture are controverted by extensive empirical research on the actual beliefs of liberal citizens. Despite the problems with Rawls's arguments, I suggest that a rather different overlapping consensus appears to contribute to stable democracies. This centers on support of the political system rather than more substantive moral principles.
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Deweer, Dries. "Ricoeur and Anglo-American Political Philosophy." Philosophy Today 62, no. 3 (2018): 803–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtoday20181119236.

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Zuckert, Michael. "NATURAL RIGHTS AND IMPERIAL CONSTITUTIONALISM: THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMERICAN AMALGAM." Social Philosophy and Policy 22, no. 1 (January 2005): 27–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052505041026.

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Robert Nozick worked in a Lockean tradition of political philosophy, a tradition with deep resonance in the American political culture. This paper attempts to explore the formative moments of that culture and at the same time to clarify the role of Lockean philosophy in the American Revolution. One of the currently dominant approaches to the revolution emphasizes the colonists' commitments to their rights, but identifies the relevant rights as “the rights of Englishmen,” not natural rights in the Lockean mode. This approach misses, however, the way the Americans construed their positive or constitutional rights in the light of a Lockean background theory. In a word, the Americans recreated an amalgam of traditional constitutional principles and Lockean philosophy, an amalgam that nearly guaranteed that they and the British would speak past each other. The ambiguities and uncertainties of the British constitution as extended to the colonies provided an incentive to the Americans (but not the British) to look to Locke as a guide to their rights, thereby helping win a place for Lockean theory in American political thinking.
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Peters, Michael A. "Renewing the American Dream: Obama's Political Philosophy." Policy Futures in Education 7, no. 1 (January 2009): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/pfie.2009.7.1.125.

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Zelizer, Julian E. "History and Political Science: Together Again?" Journal of Policy History 16, no. 2 (April 2004): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2004.0012.

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There was a period in America when the political science and history disciplines were not that far apart. Both approaches to analyzing civil society had evolved out of an old Anglo-American tradition where these two subjects, along with philosophy and literature, were all considered in relationship to one another. During the formative years of the American research university, which took place at the turn of the twentieth century, both disciplines shared common founding fathers. A classic example was Charles Beard, whose influence spanned both areas of scholarship. Indeed, it was a breakaway faction of the American Historical Association that formed the American Political Science Association.
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Levy, Gabriel. "Biblical Prophecy in Recent American Theological Politics." Postscripts: The Journal of Sacred Texts, Cultural Histories, and Contemporary Contexts 2, no. 1 (May 20, 2007): 59–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/post.v2i1.59.

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This article argues for the relevance of biblical thought to progressive political philosophy. One of the most significant problems for political philosophy is the role that religion, and particularly the role that biblical faith, ought to play. Philosopher Leo Strauss provided some of the most influential answers to this problem. He is also often credited with providing some of the intellectual foundation for the “neoconservative” movement. In particular, Strauss addressed two questions relevant to today’s political environment: What is the role of truth in politics? And, what is the relation between philosophical reason and prophetic revelation? This article offers a genealogy of the concept of prophecy with particular focus on sexuality and media technology. It juxtaposes a biblical story with a modern one about how religious sovereigns come to acquire information about things beyond their control. It concludes with the argument that the Bush doctrine is an anathema to Straussian political philosophy. Neither Bush’s invocation of prophecy nor his neoconservatism provide him any theoretical ground to walk on.
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Outlaw, Lucius. "African-American philosophy: social and political case studies." Social Science Information 26, no. 1 (March 1987): 75–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/053901887026001005.

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Rodrigues Pinto, Simone, and Erivan Raposo. "Política com paixão. A filosofia da libertação de Enrique Dussel." Revista de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Américas 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2014): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.21057/repam.v8i2.12610.

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Resumo O presente artigo propõe-se apresentar o pensamento do filósofo Enrique Dussel, autor central da reflexão política em muitos países da hispano-américa, embora pouco discutido no Brasil. Sua insistência em um discurso legitimamente latino-americano faz dele um autor fundamental para entendermos os problemas e as soluções pensadas fora dos grandes Centros, como Europa e Estados Unidos. O enfoque principal será em sua filosofia da libertação e nos desafios lançados para a ciência e sociologia política.Palavras-ChaveFilosofia da libertação, América Latina, ética, política, Dussel.--- AbstractThis article intends to present the thought of the philosopher Enrique Dussel, important author of the political debate in many countries of Hispanic America, though less recognized in Brazil. He seeks a though properly Latin American to reflect on the problems and solutions to the continent, designed outside of major academic centers such as Europe and United States. The main focus will be on his philosophy of liberation and the challenges posed to social and political science. KeywordsPhilosophy of Liberation, Latin America, Ethics, Politics, Dussel ---Resumé: Cet article présente l'oeuvre de Enrique Dussel. Ce philosophe se retrouve au coeur de la réflexion politique des pays hispanophones de l'Amérique latine, mais il est encore peu débatu au Brésil. Son insistance à travailler un discours proprement latino-américain en fait un auteur incontournable pour la compréhension des problèmes et solutions pensés hors des grands centres, tels l'Europe et les États-Unis. L'accent sera mis sur la philosophie de la libération et sur les défis rencontrés par la science et la sociologie politique.Mots-clésPhilosophie de la libération, Amérique latine, éthique, politique, Dussel.
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Higham, John, and Richard J. Ellis. "American Political Cultures." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 26, no. 2 (1995): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/206649.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "American political philosophy"

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Minter, Lauryn T. "We Wear the Mask: Exploring the Talented Tenth and African American Political Philosophy in 21st Century Politics." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1954.

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Researchers have suggested that Blacks who express linked racial fate are ideologically liberal. Given the prominence of Black philosophical thought and salience of race, I suggest that linked racial fate results in conservative ideology, which exists on a separate ideological dimension than the traditional conservative ideological dimension. This new ideological dimension, referred to as conservatism among Blacks, is vital to understanding Black political thought in the 21st century. Using data from the 1996 National Black Election Study, 2008 National Annenberg Election Study, and focus group data I argue that the conservative ideas espoused by Blacks, specifically members of the Talented Tenth, actually support Black advancement in the same way that Blacks express support for Democratic candidates or ideals as a result of linked racial fate. Moreover, conservatism among Blacks does not result in a specific partisan identification or support for certain candidates; instead, conservatism results in explicit support for policies and ideas that align with the ideas and philosophies of Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Marcus M. Garvey. This dissertation fills the gap in the literature that does not utilize Black philosophers, Black political leaders, or college educated Blacks to explain Black political thought and behavior. The study of members of the Talented Tenth provides a framework for understanding how Blacks negotiate various political philosophies, challenging traditional Black American political thought while remaining racially linked to the Black community
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Jayne, Allen. "The new theism of John Locke, Thomas Jefferson and the American Declaration of Independence." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319570.

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Patrone, John D. "An American Philosophy of Punishment: Moral Permissibility, the Inferiorities of Punishment, and a Case for Pure Restitution." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/424.

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“An American Philosophy of Punishment: Moral Permissibility, the Inferiorities of Punishment, and a Case for Pure Restitution” is an examination of the paradigm of criminal punishment currently implemented in the United States and the inherent flaws of ‘punishment’ as a system of justice. The characteristics of punishment are evaluated from a perspective, “punishment by necessity,” which attempts to justify criminal punishment for a lack of viable alternatives. David Boonin, in his book, The Problem of Punishment, offers a robust alternative paradigm of criminal justice- ‘pure restitution’. Boonin advances two arguments: (1) ‘pure restitution’ is capable of replacing punishment as a paradigm of criminal justice and (2) restitution should replace punishment because punishment is morally impermissible. This paper considers two of the most notorious objections to Barnett’s pure restitution, the “irreparable harms” and “third party victims” objections, as well as the moral status of punishment. The “irreparable harms” objection claims that the inability of restitution to entirely repair victims in crimes against the person indicates that restitution cannot offer any remedy, and that this inability is unacceptable. This objection fails to recognize the possibility for partial reparations, nor that punishment is equally incapable of wholly repairing the victims of these crimes. The “third party victims” objection claims that by compelling the offender to make restitution to the victim, the state is harming individuals in proximity to the offender, but the state is prohibited from harming individuals. This objection fails to consider the critical distinction of intent and culpability; the state does not intend to harm third parties by exacting restitution, but does so as a foreseeable consequence, whereas the offender caused an intentional harm, and thus carries a higher degree of blameworthiness. Additionally, the present implementation of restitution is considered by considering the relevant legal precedent, the Constitutional situation of restitution, and a hypothetical implementation scenario, which highlights the potential for “crime insurance/ tax”, and the other practical implications of implementing restitution.
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Isaac, Rochell J. "AFRICAN HUMANISM: A PRAGMATIC PRESCRIPTION FOR FOSTERING SOCIAL JUSTICE AND POLITICAL AGENCY." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/186541.

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African American Studies
Ph.D.
This study explores an African conception of Humanism as distinct from the European model and challenges the notion that Humanism is an entirely European construct. I argue that the ideological core of Humanism originated in ancient Kemet, the basis of which frames the African worldview. Furthermore, the theoretical framework provided by the African Humanistic paradigm serves as a model for structuring inter and intra group relations, for tackling notions of difference and issues of fundamentalism, for addressing socio-economic political concerns, and finally, to shift the currents of political rhetoric from one of jouissance to a more progressive and pragmatic stance.
Temple University--Theses
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Falk, Thomas Michael. "Political Economy of American Education: Democratic Citizenship in the Heart of Empire." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343135393.

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Faber, Michael J. "Founding expectations American politics and the debate over the Constitution /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3337245.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Political Science, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 28, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-12, Section: A, page: 4855. Adviser: Russell L. Hanson.
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Reznick, Scott M. ""TheVision of Principles": Liberal Democracy and the Roots of Moral Experience in Antebellum American Literature." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107958.

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Thesis advisor: James Wallace
Thesis advisor: Christopher P. Wilson
This dissertation analyzes the way in which antebellum writers participated in and helped shape the tradition of political liberalism. Emphasizing the dynamics of moral deliberation that are central to democratic life, "The Vision of Principles" puts US literature into conversation with moral and political philosophers not routinely encountered in Americanist literary scholarship to reveal how antebellum US writers routinely responded to moments of profound political conflict by interrogating the nature of moral belief itself. By ranging not only between literature, history, and philosophy, but also across literary forms, from gothic, picaresque, and sentimental novels to slave narratives, essays, and political oratory, this dissertation argues that amidst such textual diversity, we nevertheless find a consistent preoccupation with the individual endeavor for perspective-for vision-into the realm of moral value and moral ideas. It traces that concern as writers responded to three important moments of political conflict in the antebellum era: the debates over the ratification of the Constitution, the "nullification" controversy of the 1830s, and the fallout over the "compromise" of 1850. In doing so, it reconsiders the emergence of American Romanticism and argues that the "inward" turn of U.S. literature towards the self during this era was not an evasion of political life, but an imaginative examination of how individuals come to understand the moral ideas and principles at the heart of political existence
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: English
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Carastathis, Anna. "Feminism and the political economy of representation : intersectionality, invisibility and embodiment." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=105369.

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It has become commonplace within feminist theory to claim that women's lives are constructed by multiple, intersecting systems of oppression. In this thesis, l challenge the consensus that oppression is aptly captured by the theoretical model of "intersectionality." While intersectionality originates in Black feminist thought as a purposive intervention into US antidiscrimination law, it has been detached from that context and harnessed to different representational aims. For instance, it is often asserted that intersectionality enables a representational politics that overcomes legacies of exclusion within hegemonic Anglo-American feminism. largue that intersectionality reinscribes the political exclusion of racialized women as a feature of their embodied identities. That is, it locates the failure of political representation in the "complex" identities of "intersectional" subjects, who are constructed as unrepresentable in terms of "race" or "gender" alone. Further, largue that intersectionality fails to supplant race- and class-privileged women as the normative subjects of feminist theory and politics. [...]
Dans la théorie féministe, l'énoncé selon lequel la vie des femmes est structurée par de multiples systèmes d'oppression qui se croisent est devenu un lieu commun. La présente thèse conteste l'accord général que le modèle théorique connu comme « l'intersectionalité » explique adéquatement l'oppression. Alors que l'intersectionalité a ses origines dans le féminisme noir comme intervention spécifique dans la loi antidiscriminatoire des États-Unis, elle a depuis été arrachée à ce contexte et consacrée à d'autres buts. Par exemple, on affirme souvent que l'intersectionalité permettrait une politique de représentation qui surmonte l'héritage d'exclusion du féminisme hégémonique anglo-américain. Je soutiens que l'intersectionalité réinscrit l'exclusion politique des femmes racialisées, cette fois comme caractéristique de leurs identités incarnés.[...]
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Buchanan, Angela S. "The Sophists and The federalist : re-examining the classical roots of American political theory." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/941733.

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The field of rhetoric has recently begun to position the Sophists as an integral part of the history of the discipline. Sophistic influence has been acknowledged in other fields as well, particularly philosophy and literary theory; however, Sophistic influence on political theory has been virtually ignored. This thesis examines the epistemology of the Sophists within the context of the debates of ancient Greece, and illustrates the connections between Sophistic thought and the ideology behind the structuring of the American federal government. Specific connections are made between the epistemology of the Sophists and that expressed in The Federalist, as well as that of earlier political theorists Thomas Hobbes and John Locke.
Department of English
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Kinsel, Jason Anthony. "The Misunderstood Philosophy of Thomas Paine." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1447685875.

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Books on the topic "American political philosophy"

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M, Dolbeare Kenneth, and Cummings Michael S. 1943-, eds. American political thought. 5th ed. Washington, D.C: CQ Press, 2004.

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Paul, Ellen Frankel, Jeffrey Paul, and Fred Dycus Miller. Natural rights individualism and progressivism in American political philosophy. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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Political philosophy, educational theory, and triangle Sino-American relations. [Cambodia: Daily Press, 2009.

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Paul, Ellen Frankel, Jeffrey Paul, and Fred D. Jr Miller, eds. Natural Rights Individualism and Progressivism in American Political Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139237116.

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America and the political philosophy of common sense. Columbia, Mo: University of Missouri Press, 2010.

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Segrest, Scott Philip. America and the political philosophy of common sense. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2010.

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The truth about Leo Strauss: Political philosophy and American democracy. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2007.

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The dictionary of American political bullshit. Ashland, Oregon: Grid Press, 2014.

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Ray, James Lee. American foreign policy and political ambition. Washington, D.C: CQ Press, 2008.

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Fishman, Ethan M. Likely stories: Essays on political philosophy and contemporary American literature. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "American political philosophy"

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Lund, Nelson. "Political Legitimacy, Direct Democracy, and American Politics." In Rousseau’s Rejuvenation of Political Philosophy, 213–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41390-7_6.

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García, Maira Colín. "Deleuze’s Politics of Faciality: Trump and American Exclusion." In Trump and Political Philosophy, 331–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74427-8_18.

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Dry, Murray. "American Constitutionalism from Hamilton to Lincoln to Trump." In Trump and Political Philosophy, 195–209. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74445-2_12.

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Early, Gerald. "Sports, Political Philosophy, and the African American." In A Companion to African-American Philosophy, 436–49. Malden, MA, USA: Blackwell Publishing, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470751640.ch31.

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West, Cornel. "Prophetic Pragmatism: Cultural Criticism and Political Engagement." In The American Evasion of Philosophy, 211–39. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20415-1_7.

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Zuckert, Catherine. "Trump as a Machiavellian Prince? Reflections on Corruption and American Constitutionalism." In Trump and Political Philosophy, 73–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74427-8_5.

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German, Zachary K., Robert J. Burton, and Michael P. Zuckert. "The Aim of Every Political Constitution: The American Founders and the Election of Trump." In Trump and Political Philosophy, 215–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74427-8_12.

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Herceg, José Santos. "“Detention and Torture Centers” in Latin American Dictatorships." In Political Philosophy from an Intercultural Perspective, 149–65. New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge studies in contemporary philosophy: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003014324-11.

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Vogelsang-Coombs, Vera. "Political Philosophy, the American Constitutional Heritage, and Constitutional Thinking." In The Political Ethics of Public Service, 131–57. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-49400-9_6.

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de Zengotita, Thomas. "The Anglophone Reception of French Theory: Literary Criticism, Cultural Studies, American Pragmatism, Identity Politics." In Political Philosophy and Public Purpose, 313–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90689-8_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "American political philosophy"

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Khitruk, Ekaterina. "Публичное и частное в философии религии Ричарда Рорти." In The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-14.

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The article covers the religious conception in the work of the famous American philosopher Richard Rorty. The author emphasises the secular and finalist views of R. Rorty on the nature of religion, and on the philosopher’s gradual perception of the need for their creative reinterpretation due to the actualisation of the role of religion in intellectual and political spheres. The article uncovers two fundamental constituents of Richard Rorty’s religious philosophy. The first of them is associated with R. Rorty’s perception of the ‘weak thinking’ concept in the writings of Italian philosopher Gianni Vattimo. R. Rorty holds ‘weak thinking’ and ‘kenosis’ to be the key to understanding the possibility of religion in the postmodern era. The second aspect concerns the existence of religion in the public space. Here the distinction between ‘strong’ narratives and ‘weak’ thinking correlates with the politically significant distinction between ‘strong’ religious institutions and private (parish, community) religious practice. Rorty believes that the activity of ‘strong’ religious structures threatens liberal ‘social hope’ on the gradual democratisation of mankind. The article concludes that Richard Rorty’s philosophy of religion presents an original conception of religion in the context of modern temporal humanism; the concept positively evaluates religious experience to the extent that it does not become a basis for theoretical and political manipulations on the part of ‘strong’ religious institutes.
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De Podestá, Nathan Tejada, and Silvia Maria Pires Cabrera Berg. "New University: liberal education and arts in Brazil." In Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.9514.

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This paper is part of an ongoing research on the issue of music education in Brazilian universities. It aims to identify educational models that structure pedagogical practice at this level of studies. It distinguishes the types of professional and human education promoted in each one of the presented models (French, German and American) as well as liberal education, identified as a global trend. Relating the current socio-cultural political and economic context with education with the support of Godwin (2015), Berg (2012) and Jansen (1999) we argue that liberal education provides a structure can favor the development of competences and skills demanded on the current conjuncture. In this frame, we will analyze, with the help of Paula (2008) and Santos & Filho (2008), the historical dynamics of Brazilian higher education and show how liberal education and post-colonial philosophy is restructuring Brazilian universities. This “new university” allows the implementation of a multicultural, multi-epistemic pedagogy that overcome fragmentary disciplinary views and renders feasible the proposition of new ways of conceiving training, studying, teaching and research in music and arts.
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Mihail, Rarita. "The Faces of Human Vulnerability." In World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/43.

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The notion of vulnerability is one of the beliefs of a recent current of moral and political philosophy, namely care ethics. Stemming, especially, from the North American feminist movement, this care ethics, based on the rejection of a universal and abstract morals, privileges the relational dimension based on the orientation towards human vulnerability.Subject to the weight of the tyranny of normality and perfection, contemporary societies, glorifying the individual who is useful and performant, struggle to hide, or more often than not deny the vulnerability of human beings. The notion of vulnerability appeared not only as a mutual sign of any person who is in a dependent situation, but also as one of the constitutive dimensions of the essence of living beings and of their life environment. In this article, the notion of vulnerability will be studied by identifying the representative themes of human vulnerability particular to their life and its conditions of being. Firstly, the hypothesis proposed by Freud in Le malaise dans la culture (2010)represents the underlying basis of this study on human vulnerability. Next, two important concepts guide the study proposed: the vulnerability inherent to human subjectivity, from the perspective of Lévinas, and the one akin the process of socialising of human beings, from the perspective of Habermas.
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Giannoni, Luca, and Marino Mazzini. "Exposure to Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation: Is the Linear No-Threshold Model Valid?" In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30967.

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The risk assessment for population’s exposures to low doses and low dose-rates of ionizing radiation is still subject to clear uncertainties. The issue has outstanding societal importance in relation to radiologic occupational safety, medical applications of radiation, effects of the natural background radioactivity and the future of nuclear power, due to its particular influence on the public acceptance of this form of energy. This review article analyzes, in a critical, historical and bibliographical manner, the worldwide accepted hypothesis of linearity without a threshold dose (LNT model). As well known, it rejects, from its first proposal in 1946 by American geneticist and Nobel laureate Hermann J. Muller, the concept of zero-risk for exposures to any dose level of ionizing radiation. The starting point is the dose-effects relationship provided by this model and related risk’s excess graphic curve. The biological and physical motivations for the linearity assumption are argued and challenged by the explanation of human body’s natural defense mechanisms and its repair capacity of the radiation damage. Furthermore, the historical and political truthfulness of the LNT model is also contested by the review of a recent investigation by Prof. Edward Calabrese, regarding the lack of scientific sources behind Muller’s Nobel Prize Lecture. Calabrese’s inquiry demonstrates that Muller, at the moment of his declaration on LNT model’s validity, had experimental proofs contradicting his conclusions about the unacceptability of a threshold dose. This finding is of historical importance since Muller’s Nobel Lecture is a turning point in the acceptance of the linearity model in risk assessment by the major regulatory agencies till today. Finally, the results of many epidemiological and statistical studies are shown specifically. They give further evidences concerning the inapplicability of the LNT model and its overestimation of the risk for various cases of exposures to low doses of ionizing radiation in different fields. By that, hormesis model is also discussed, with its assumption of possible benefits for the organism following low dose exposures: a dose-response model characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition, which has been frequently observed in the aforementioned studies. The argumentations and the experimental evidences provided here challenge the validity of the LNT model. We contest the fact that its establishment is principally based on a cautionary philosophy on nuclear public safety, rather than on actual scientific comprehension of the phenomenon. As such, it implies an exaggerated conception of the radiological hazard. In particular, this article calls attention to the need for a deeper understanding of the biological impact of low doses of ionizing radiation and the development of further specific and exhaustive researches.
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Thomas, Joyce, and Megan Strickfaden. "Design for the Real World: a look back at Papanek from the 21st Century." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002010.

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This paper presents an overview of Victor Papanek’s book Design for the Real World (1971) from the perspective of current 3rd year industrial design students, members of GenZ, combined with the perspectives of the educators/authors who read the original edition of the book in the 70s and 80s. Students read individual chapters the 2019 edition of this book, wrote a critical review, and presented their overviews and findings in two lengthy class discussions that allowed them to ‘read’ the entire book. The perspectives of the students and educators (from very different generations) reveal an interesting story about the Austrian-born American designer and educator’s writings. In this paper we reveal the continued relevance and critically analyze Papanek’s writings by illustrating how his views on socially and environmentally responsible design live on.Taking his early design inspiration from Raymond Loewy, Papanek went on to study architecture with Frank Lloyd Wright. An early follower and ally of Buckminster Fuller, a designer and systems theorist, Papanek applied principles of socially responsible design, both in theory and practice ultimately working on collaborative projects with UNESCO and the World Health Organization. In Design for the Real World, Papanek professed his philosophy that objects or systems work as political tools for change. He became a controversial voice within that time frame as he declared that many consumer products were frivolous, excessive, and lacked basic functionality causing them to be recklessly dangerous to the users. His ideas seemed extreme, echoed by many other environmental philosophers at the time, at that point in history, but perhaps viewed from the 21st century seem prophetic. An advocate for responsible design, Papanek had visionary ideas on design theory. Papanek felt it was important to put the user first when designing. He spent time observing indigenous communities in developing countries, working directly with, and studying people of different cultures and backgrounds. Papanek designed for people with disabilities often in pursuit of a better world for all. He also addressed themes that have continue to be overlooked in design in the 21st century - inclusion, social justice, appropriate technology, and sustainability.Papanek ultimately earned the respect of many talented colleagues. He would go on to design, teach, and write for future generations. Opposing the ideals of planned obsolescence and the mass consumerism that fuels it, his work encompassed what would become the idea of sustainable design and decreasing overproduction for the consumer market. Themes from Design for the Real World remain relevant, and today it has become one of the most widely read books on design; resulting in Papanek’s voice continuing to push designers to uplift their morals and standards in practicing design.This paper highlights Papanek’s values of designing thoughtfully and for all, while revealing the details on the relevance of his writings five decades after the original publication.
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