Academic literature on the topic 'American ginseng – Analysis'
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Journal articles on the topic "American ginseng – Analysis"
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Zhang, Wen-Song, An Pan, Liu Yang, Yuan-Yuan Cai, Bao-Lin Liu, Ping Li, Lian-Wen Qi, Jing Li, and Qun Liu. "American Ginseng and Asian Ginseng Intervention in Diet-Induced Obese Mice: Metabolomics Reveals Distinct Metabolic Profiles." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 47, no. 04 (January 2019): 787–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x19500411.
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American ginseng and Asian ginseng, which occupy prominent positions in the list of best-selling natural products in the West and East, are suitable for different indications in the traditional pharmacological uses. Currently, the effects of American ginseng and Asian ginseng in the protection against metabolic dysfunction and the differences between them are still unknown. Herein, an untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) was determined. The serum metabolomics and dynamic feces metabolomics revealed significant metabolic distinction between American ginseng and Asian ginseng in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. The results show that American ginseng and Asian ginseng alleviate glucose and lipid metabolism disorder in DIO mice. A total of 45 differential metabolites were confirmed between the drug-naïve and American ginseng group, and 32 metabolites were confirmed between the drug-naïve and Asian ginseng group. Metabolic pathways analysis shows that these two ginsengs treatment dynamic rectifies metabolic disorder in DIO mice mainly via regulating linoleic acids metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid. Moreover, American ginseng’s specific function in monitoring the carnitines and taurine/hypotaurine metabolism might make it more effective in meliorating lipids metabolism disorder than Asian ginseng.
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Li, Lele, Yang Wang, Yang Xiu, and Shuying Liu. "Chemical Differentiation and Quantitative Analysis of Different Types of Panax Genus Stem-Leaf Based on a UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis Approach." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2018 (2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9598672.
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Two quantitative methods (−ESI full scan and −ESI PRM MS) were developed to analyze ginsenosides in ginseng stem-leaf by using UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS. By means of −ESI PRM MS method, the contents of eighteen ginsenosides in Asian ginseng stem-leaf (ASGSL) and American ginseng stem-leaf (AMGSL) were analyzed. The principal component analysis (PCA) model was built to discriminate Asian ginseng stem-leaf (ASGSL) from American ginseng stem-leaf (AMGSL) based on −ESI PRM MS data, and six ginsenosides (F11, Rf, R2, F1, Rb1, and Rb3) were obtained as the markers. To further explore the differences between cultivated ginseng stem-leaf and forest ginseng stem-leaf, the partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model was built based on −ESI full scan data. And twenty-six markers were selected to discriminate cultivated ginseng stem-leaf (CGSL) from forest ginseng stem-leaf (FGSL). This study provides reliable and effective methods to quantify and discriminate among different types of ginseng stem-leaf in the commercial market.
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Bai, Dapeng, J. Brandle, and R. Reeleder. "Genetic diversity in North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) grown in Ontario detected by RAPD analysis." Genome 40, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g97-015.
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Genetic diversity within North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) grown in Ontario was investigated at the DNA level using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 420 random decamers were initially screened against DNA from four ginseng plants and 78.8% of them generated RAPD fragments. Thirty-six of the decamers that generated highly repeatable polymorphic RAPD markers were selected for further RAPD analysis of the ginseng population. With these primers, 352 discernible DNA fragments were produced from DNA of 48 ginseng plants, corresponding to an average of 9.8 fragments per primer, of which over 45% were polymorphic. The similarity coefficients among the DNA of ginseng plants analyzed were low, ranging from 0.149 to 0.605 with a mean of 0.412, indicating that a high degree of genetic diversity exists in the ginseng population. Lower levels of genetic diversity were detected among 3-year-old ginseng plants selected on the basis of greater plant height than among the plants randomly selected from the same subpopulation or over the whole population, suggesting that genetic factors at least partly contribute to morphological variation within the ginseng population and that visual selection can be effective in identifying the genetic differences. The significance of a high degree of genetic variation in the ginseng population on its potential for improvement by breeding is also discussed.Key words: Panax quinquefolius, ginseng, RAPD, genetic diversity.
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Sloley, Brian Duff, Yi-Chan James Lin, Douglas Ridgway, Hugh Alexander Semple, Yun Kau Tam, Ronald Thomson Coutts, Raimar Löbenberg, and Nuzhat Tam-Zaman. "A Method for the Analysis of Ginsenosides, Malonyl Ginsenosides, and Hydrolyzed Ginsenosides Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet and PositiveMode Electrospray IonizationMass Spectrometric Detection." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 89, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/89.1.16.
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Abstract A high-performance liquid chromatographic separation coupled to diode array absorbance and positive mode electrospraymass spectrometric detection has been developed for the analysis of ginsenosides, malonyl ginsenosides, and hydrolyzed ginsenosides in extracts of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (P. quinquefolius). The method is capable of separating, identifying, and quantifying the predominant ginsenosides found in heated alcoholic extracts of Asian and American ginseng roots routinely sold as nutraceuticals. It also separates and identifies the malonyl ginsenosides often found in cold alcoholic extracts of ginseng root and has the potential to quantify these compounds if pure standards are available. Furthermore, it can separate and identify ginsenoside hydrolysis products such as those readily produced in situations mimicking gastric situations, including those used for dissolution studies (i.e., 0.1 N HCl, 37C).
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Xie, J. "American ginseng leaf: ginsenoside analysis and hypoglycemic activity." Pharmacological Research 49, no. 2 (February 2004): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2003.07.015.
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Zhu, Lei, Ji Li, Nannan Xing, Dongwei Han, Haixue Kuang, and Pengling Ge. "American Ginseng Regulates Gene Expression to Protect against Premature Ovarian Failure in Rats." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/767124.
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Premature ovarian failure (POF) is defined as lost ovarian functions before the age of 40. Three possible molecular markers (PLA2G4A,miR-29a, andmiR-144) have been identified in our previous study by integrated analysis of mRNA and miRNA expression profiles. The present study aimed to evaluate American ginseng root’s protective potential against POF by studying transcriptional and protein variations between American ginseng treatments and controls in rats. 4-Vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) was administered to rats for 14 days to induce POF. Additionally, American ginseng was administered to POF rats for one month, andPLA2G4A,miR-29a, andmiR-144expressions were measured in rat ovaries by qRT-PCR. PLA2G4A protein expression was examined by Western Blot, and PGE2, LH, FSH, and E2 serum levels were detected by ELISA.PLA2G4AmRNA and protein were downregulated in American ginseng-treated rats,miR-29aandmiR-144levels increased, and PGE2serum levels decreased, while LH, FSH, and E2 increased compared to POF induction alone. Analysis of transcriptional and protein variations suggested that American ginseng protects the ovary against POF by regulating prostaglandin biosynthesis, ovulation, and preventing ovarian aging. High hormone levels (PGE2, FSH, and LH) were reduced, and E2 secretion approached normal levels, leading to improved POF symptoms and abnormal ovulation.
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Qi, Hongyu, Zepeng Zhang, Jiaqi Liu, Zhaoqiang Chen, Qingxia Huang, Jing Li, Jinjin Chen, et al. "Comparisons of Isolation Methods, Structural Features, and Bioactivities of the Polysaccharides from Three Common Panax Species: A Review of Recent Progress." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 4997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164997.
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Panax spp. (Araliaceae family) are widely used medicinal plants and they mainly include Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Panax quinquefolium L. (American ginseng), and Panax notoginseng (notoginseng). Polysaccharides are the main active ingredients in these plants and have demonstrated diverse pharmacological functions, but comparisons of isolation methods, structural features, and bioactivities of these polysaccharides have not yet been reported. This review summarizes recent advances associated with 112 polysaccharides from ginseng, 25 polysaccharides from American ginseng, and 36 polysaccharides from notoginseng and it compares the differences in extraction, purification, structural features, and bioactivities. Most studies focus on ginseng polysaccharides and comparisons are typically made with the polysaccharides from American ginseng and notoginseng. For the extraction, purification, and structural analysis, the processes are similar for the polysaccharides from the three Panax species. Previous studies determined that 55 polysaccharides from ginseng, 18 polysaccharides from American ginseng, and 9 polysaccharides from notoginseng exhibited anti-tumor activity, immunoregulatory effects, anti-oxidant activity, and other pharmacological functions, which are mediated by multiple signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor kappa B, or redox balance pathways. This review can provide new insights into the similarities and differences among the polysaccharides from the three Panax species, which can facilitate and guide further studies to explore the medicinal properties of the Araliaceae family used in traditional Chinese medicine.
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Harnly, James, Pei Chen, and Peter de B. Harrington. "Probability of Identification: Adulteration of American Ginseng with Asian Ginseng." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 96, no. 6 (November 1, 2013): 1258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.13-290.
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Abstract The AOAC INTERNATIONAL guidelines for validation of botanical identification methods were applied to the detection of Asian Ginseng [Panax ginseng (PG)] as an adulterant for American Ginseng [P. quinquefolius (PQ)] using spectral fingerprints obtained by flow injection mass spectrometry (FIMS). Samples of 100% PQ and 100% PG were physically mixed to provide 90, 80, and 50% PQ. The multivariate FIMS fingerprint data were analyzed using soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) based on 100% PQ. The Q statistic, a measure of the degree of non-fit of the test samples with the calibration model, was used as the analytical parameter. FIMS was able to discriminate between 100% PQ and 100% PG, and between 100% PQ and 90, 80, and 50% PQ. The probability of identification (POI) curve was estimated based on the SD of 90% PQ. A digital model of adulteration, obtained by mathematically summing the experimentally acquired spectra of 100% PQ and 100% PG in the desired ratios, agreed well with the physical data and provided an easy and more accurate method for constructing the POI curve. Two chemometric modeling methods, SIMCA and fuzzy optimal associative memories, and two classification methods, partial least squares-discriminant analysis and fuzzy rule-building expert systems, were applied to the data. The modeling methods correctly identified the adulterated samples; the classification methods did not.
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Lee, Jin Wook, and Kenneth W. Mudge. "GYPSUM AFFECTS AMERICAN GINSENG'S GROWTH, NUTRITION, AND GINSENOSIDES." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 492C—492. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.492c.
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In the Northeast, wild American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) is typically found growing in the dense shade provided by deciduous hardwood tree species such as a sugar maple, in slightly acidic soils with relatively high calcium content. Woods cultivated ginseng is often grown in forest farming agroforestry systems under similar conditions. Supplemental calcium by soil incorporation of gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) is often recommended for woods cultivated ginseng. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of this practice on soil chemical properties, plant growth and quality of American ginseng. In a greenhouse pot culture experiment, 2-year-old seedlings were treated with 0, 2, 4, 8, or 16 Mt·ha–1 gypsum and grown for 12 weeks. Gypsum application decreased soil pH slightly, elevated soil electrical conductivity and increased available soil Ca and sulfate concentrations. Tissue calcium concentration was increased with by gypsum treatment, but shoot and root growth was reduced. HPLC analysis of root ginsenosides revealed that Re, Rb1, Rc, and Rb2, PT ginsenoside (sum of ginsenoside Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rd) and total ginsenoside concentration increased by gypsum soil amendment.
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Wang, Chong-Zhi, Samantha Anderson, and Chun-Su Yuan. "Phytochemistry and Anticancer Potential of Notoginseng." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 44, no. 01 (January 2016): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x16500026.
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Asian ginseng, American ginseng, and notoginseng are three major species in the ginseng family. Notoginseng is a Chinese herbal medicine with a long history of use in many Oriental countries. This botanical has a distinct ginsenoside profile compared to other ginseng herbs. As a saponin-rich plant, notoginseng could be a good candidate for cancer chemoprevention. However, to date, only relatively limited anticancer studies have been conducted on notoginseng. In this paper, after reviewing its anticancer data, phytochemical isolation and analysis of notoginseng is presented in comparison with Asian ginseng and American ginseng. Over 80 dammarane saponins have been isolated and elucidated from different plant parts of notoginseng, most of them belonging to protopanaxadiol or protopanaxatriol groups. The role of the enteric microbiome in mediating notoginseng metabolism, bioavailability, and pharmacological actions are discussed. Emphasis has been placed on the identification and isolation of enteric microbiome-generated notoginseng metabolites. Future investigations should provide key insights into notoginseng’s bioactive metabolites as clinically valuable anticancer compounds.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "American ginseng – Analysis"
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Obae, Samuel G. "Genetic characterization, ginsenoside analysis and micropropagation of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.)." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/11231.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2010.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 160 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Rinaldi, Catherine. "Authentication of the Panax genus plants used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis." University of Western Australia. Centre for Forensic Science, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0054.
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[Truncated abstract] Traditional medicines are used by millions of people throughout the world as their primary source of medical care. A range of materials are in used traditional medicines including plant and animal parts. Even though the traditional medicine trade is estimated to be worth sixty billion dollars annually the trade remains largely unregulated. Unscrupulous practices by vendors to increase their profit margins such as substituting and adulterating expensive material with cheaper varieties go unchecked. This can be dangerous to consumers because some substitutions involve poisonous material. Also, animal parts from endangered species can find their way into traditional medicines, therefore there needs to be a way to identify them in traditional medicines to prosecute poachers. The traditional techniques used for the identification of material used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) include, morphological, histological, chemical and immunological analysis. However, these techniques have their limitations. This makes applying multiple techniques essential to provide thorough authentication of the material. DNA profiling provides a technique well suited to analysing material used in TCM. DNA profiling is advantageous over other techniques used to authenticate material used in TCM because it requires only a small sample amount, can determine the cultivator, be used on all forms of TCM and potentially distinguish the components of mixtures. ... Therefore, profiles of different species/individual are different and species? can be distinguished. Commercially sold traditional medicines are processed which is likely to degrade the DNA of the sample making extraction and amplification difficult. Here an organic Phenol:Chloroform extraction technique extracted DNA from commercial dried root samples. The extracted DNA was amplifiable using RAPD primers. The RAPD primers used here produced enough polymorphic bands to distinguish different plant species. They were used to distinguish commercial samples that were sold as three different species within the Panax genus, Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium and Panax notoginseng and genetically unrelated plant material; Potato and Eleutherococcus senticosus. Liquid samples and mixtures were also profiled with the RAPD primers to determine whether the RAPD primers provide enough distinguishing ability to analyse these forms of TCM. DNA was extracted from the liquid samples, one a ginseng drink and the other an ginseng extractum. However, there was no reliability in the production of PCR products. The analysis of the mixture samples found that not enough polymorphic bands were produced by the RAPD primers used here to identify Panax species within mixtures of two Panax species. While when P. ginseng was mixed with a genetically unrelated sample there was enough polymorphism to differentiate the two samples in the mixture. The results of this research show that RAPD analysis provides a simple and inexpensive technique to begin analysis of materials used in TCM. Using RAPD analysis it is possible to distinguish Panax plant species from each other. However, the RAPD primers used here did not provide enough reproducibility or polymorphism to analyse liquid and mixtures of Panax species plants.
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Dai, Jianming. "Microwave-assisted extraction and synthesis studies and the scale-up study with the aid of FDTD simulation." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100342.
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The research undertaken in this thesis includes microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), synthesis, and the investigation of the scale-up of the microwave-assisted processes with the numerical aid.The main goal of this research is to study the various problems associated with the scale-up of the microwave-assisted extraction and synthesis processes. Laboratory studies were carried out to investigate the microwave-assisted extraction of known components from peppermint leaves and American ginseng. Various factors that influence the extraction processes were studied. Microwave-assisted extraction method was compared with conventional heating and room temperature extraction methods on the extraction of ginsenosides from American ginseng. Microwave-assisted extraction method was determined to have higher extraction rate than both room temperature extraction and reflux temperature extraction using hotplate heating indicating that there is acceleration factor in enhancing the extraction rate beyond the temperature influence.
In the study of synthesizing n-butyl paraben, microwave-assisted synthesis was observed to greatly increase the yield of n-butyl paraben in much shorter period of time compared to the classic synthesis method. A transition state theory was proposed to explain this rate enhancement. The study of the synthesis of parabens with different alcohol and the influencing factors on the synthesis of n-butyl paraben yield were also studied.
A visualization method was developed to determine the microwave distribution in a domestic microwave cavity. The method uses gypsum plate as carrier and cobalt chloride as indictor. A simulation program was developed using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) approach and written in C programming language. The program was proved to be very versatile in different type of cavity simulation. Not only cavities with different dimensions and geometrical designs can be simulated, multiple magnetrons and various ways of magnetron placement can also be integrated into the simulation program. The detailed power distribution can be visualized in a 3-D plot, and the power distribution in each layer can be analyzed using the simulation result. The power distribution information will be very useful and necessary before any real equipment development.
Books on the topic "American ginseng – Analysis"
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Daw, Sarah. Writing Nature in Cold War American Literature. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474430029.001.0001.
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Writing Nature is the first full-length ecocritical study of Cold War American literature. The book analyses the function and representation of Nature in a wide range of Cold War texts, and reveals the prevalence of portrayals of Nature as an infinite, interdependent ecological system in American literature written between 1945 and 1971. It also highlights the Cold War’s often overlooked role in environmental history, and argues for the repositioning of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring (1962) within what is shown to be a developing trend of ecological presentations of Nature in literature written after 1945. Ecocritical analysis is combined with historicist research to expose the unacknowledged role of a globally diverse range of non-Western and non-Anglocentric philosophies in shaping Cold War writers’ ecological presentations of Nature, including Sufism, Taoism and Zen Buddhism. The book contains chapters on J. D. Salinger, Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, Paul Bowles and Mary McCarthy. It also introduces the regional writer Peggy Pond Church, exploring the synergies between the depictions of Nature in her writings and in those of her neighbour and correspondent, the atomic scientist J. Robert Oppenheimer. The place and function of Nature in each writer’s work is assessed in relation to the most recent developments in the field of ecocriticism, and each of the book’s six author case studies is investigated through a combination of textual analysis and detailed archival and historicist research.
Conference papers on the topic "American ginseng – Analysis"
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Jianming Dai, G.S.V Raghavan, Varoujan Yaylayan, Michael Ngadi, and Valérie Orsat. "EXTRACTION OF GINSENOSIDES FROM AMERICAN GINSENG (PANAX QUINQUEFOLIUM L.) ROOT WITH DIFFERENT EXTRACTION METHODS AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE EXTRACTS." In 2006 CSBE/SCGAB, Edmonton, AB Canada, July 16-19, 2006. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.22123.
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