Journal articles on the topic 'American editorials'
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1
Muhammad Ali and Muhammad Sheeraz. "Traces of American English in Pakistani English: A Comparative Multi-dimensional Study of Press Editorials." Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review (RJSSER) 2, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol2-iss1-2021(453-459).
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This study explores the linguistic variation of periodized data of Pakistani press editorials in comparison with American press editorials. Most of the previous research studies conducted on Pakistani English, in general, and press editorial, in particular, compare Pakistani English with British English. No study compares Pakistani press editorials from a period to American press editorials. To trace the influence of American English on Pakistani English, this study explores the phases of Pakistani press editorials that resemble or differ from American press editorials. Biber’s (1988) multi-dimensional modal was used as a theoretical framework for this study. It exploited a diachronic corpus of Pakistani press editorials which was divided into three temporally distanced phases: 1947-1951, 1971-1975, and 2012- 2016. The Biber tagger was employed to annotate grammatical features. To draw a comparison, Nini’s (2015) MAT results of the American (Brown) corpus were utilized. The regression method was used for the computation of factor scores and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to draw a comparison between the diachronic data of Pakistani press editorials and American press editorials. The findings indicate that phase 3 of Pakistani press editorials is the closest to American press editorials in producing informational and explicit discourse. Phase 1 of Pakistani press editorials and American press editorials are quite close in non-narrative and abstract style in their discourse production. Moreover, phase 2 of Pakistani press editorials and American press editorials with a small difference in mean scores produce overt expression of persuasion.
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Ojo, Oluwasola Emmanuel. "Hedges and Boosters as Modality Markers: An Analysis of Nigerian and American Editorials." k@ta 22, no. 2 (December 13, 2020): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/kata.22.2.55-62.
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Many studies have been carried out on the use of hedges and boosters as persuasive strategies, but little is known about their employment when texts such as editorials are compared cross culturally. This study comparatively examined the employment of modality markers to express doubt and conviction in Nigerian and American editorials. Farrokhi and Emami’s (2008) classification of hedges and boosters was employed to analyze twenty editorials selected from two Nigerian newspapers and two American newspapers. Findings reveal that both sets of editorial writers made use of hedges and boosters a lot in their writings. However, lexical verbs were not employed as boosters in the analyzed editorials. The fact that the Nigerian editorial writers as ESL writers equally made great use of hedges and boosters implies that in texts such as editorials, writers from different cultures equally employ the same linguistic devices to express doubt and conviction.
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Zarza, Sahar, and Helen Tan. "Patterns of schematic structure and strategic features in newspaper editorials: A comparative study of American and Malaysian editorials." Discourse & Communication 10, no. 6 (November 15, 2016): 635–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750481316674754.
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To carry a message through effectively to the public, newspaper editors need to employ the generic pattern of editorials as a rule of thumb. Yet few studies have investigated the schematic structure and persuasive style of editorials. Hence, this study aims to compare the generic characteristics in 240 editorials of The New York Times ( NYT, n = 120) and New Straits Times ( NST, n = 120). To realize the objectives, the corpus was subjected to a content analysis based on a composite framework drawn from the data and previous models. The findings revealed that American and Malaysian editorials share a similar schematic structure at the move level including four obligatory moves. However, at the step level, evidence of disparity of the style of writing was apparent. The data obtained could be used as informed input in the English for Specific Purposes (ESP) classroom, so that English as a Secondary Language (ESL)/English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students’ awareness on the conventional structures in editorial writing could be heightened.
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Qureshi, Riaz, Jimmy Lê, Tianjing Li, Michel Ibrahim, and Kay Dickersin. "Gender and Editorial Authorship in High-Impact Epidemiology Journals." American Journal of Epidemiology 188, no. 12 (April 17, 2019): 2140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwz094.
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Abstract Women comprise about half of senior epidemiologists, but little is known about whether they are also viewed as leaders (i.e., authorities) in the field. We believe editorial roles are markers of leadership in a field. Our objective was to describe the distribution of gender across authorship of editorials published in 5 high-impact epidemiology journals over the past 8 years. We included editorials and commentaries published in American Journal of Epidemiology, European Journal of Epidemiology, Epidemiology, International Journal of Epidemiology, and Journal of Clinical Epidemiology between 2010 and 2017. We classified genders of all authors as woman, man, or unknown and computed the proportions of women editorial authors over all journals and according to position (e.g., first author). Only 31% (682/2,228) of all editorial authors and 36% (524/1,477) of unique editorial authors (i.e., counting each editorial author name only once) were women. We identified 1,180 editorials; 594 had sole authors, 24% (141/594) of whom were women, and 586 had 2 or more authors, 31% (184/586) of which had women as first authors. If women are underrepresented as editorial authors across epidemiology journals (e.g., as a marker of epidemiology leadership), the situation merits immediate correction.
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Yasmeen, Sumaira, Ashraf Iqbal, and Noshaba Nargis. "Editorial Treatment of Arab-Israeli Relations in American Press." Global Regional Review VI, no. I (March 30, 2021): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(vi-i).32.
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This descriptive research examined how attention paid to Arab- Israel relations news editorials in newspapers. To explore the state of Arab- Israel relations, editorials in newspapers content analysis has been conducted. Two theories were utilized: agenda-setting theory and framing theory in mixed-method research. By selecting three newspapers, 320 editorials related to Arab- Israel relations were obtained in six months from 15 Nov, 2020 to 15 May 2021 through purpose sampling. The findings of the study concluded that mostly editorials discussed the topics of Arab- Israel conflict/crisis and Israel's recent recognition by Arab states, which are highly reported in this time period. Most editorials were in positive/favorable, negative/unfavorable, and neutral directions, respectively. Two-thirds of the editorials discussed the nonscientific evidence. USA press (The Washington Post) have more tendency to present and focus the Arab-Israel relations-related editorials in positive/favorable direction content as compared to other newspapers.
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Alipour, Mohammad, and Parastoo Jahanbin. "A comparative study of proximity in Iranian and American newspaper editorials." Russian Journal of Linguistics 24, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 796–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2020-24-4-796-815.
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The study is aimed at gaining further insight into the concept of proximity and its contribution to text development in general and newspaper editorials in particular. It also furthers our understanding of cross-linguistic differences in the use of metadiscourse. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate and compare proximity elements in Iranian and American newspaper editorials. Following Hyland's proximity model (2010a) which comprises five major elements, organization, argumentative structure, stance, engagement, and credibility , we focused on a detailed analysis of proximity features in two corpora, Iranian newspaper editorials and American newspaper editorials. To this aim, 240 newspaper editorials, including 120 editorials from each category, were collected. The outcomes revealed that there were significant differences in the use of proximity elements in the mentioned corpora. It was demonstrated that stance markers were considerably more recurrent in the American data than their Iranian counterpart. Unlike the American editorials, the Iranian ones contained a larger number of engagement markers. The key reasons behind such discrepancies are discussed in terms of differences in cultural, social, and political backgrounds. This study can be helpful for English for Specific/Academic Purposes (ES/AP) learners who study journalistic English to become familiar with proximity.
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Masroor, Farzana, Muhammad Yousaf, Azhar Habib, and Ijaz Ali Khan. "‘Future Talk’ in Newspaper Editorials: Predictions and Their Role in Argumentative Discourse." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 3 (March 17, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n3p115.
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Newspaper editorials are known for taking a stance while fulfilling their goals of persuading the audience. In this regard, making future predictions is a crucial strategy in the argument structure of editorials. They are considered as risky acts since they are meant to outline future course of action as well as outcomes of such actions for their audience. This research is focused on the analysis of the speech acts of predictions among newspaper editorials of Pakistani, American and Malaysian newspapers. The analysis is focused on the exploration of forms, force and occurrence of these acts. The results indicate the preference of Pakistani and American newspapers in using strong predictions. The Malaysian newspaper meanwhile is found to be less explicit when predicting the future. This is indicated by less use of the strategy as well as adoption of implicit ways to express propositions related to the future. The results affirm the role of editorials as opinion leaders in their respective societies and the differences across cultures can be interpreted with respect to the extra linguistic and contextual factors that control editorial structures and strategies. The findings of the study are useful for future researchers to explore the relationship of language and its communicative purpose especially when fulfilling the goals of persuasion across cultures and contexts.
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Brennan, John F., and Lawrence F. Keller. "Pragmatism, The New Republic, and American Public Administration at Its Founding." Administration & Society 49, no. 4 (July 27, 2016): 491–529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399714558714.
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We argue that philosophical pragmatism explicitly influenced the founding of American public administration. We analyze the case of The New Republic magazine to support our contention. The New Republic was founded in 1914 and edited by two pragmatists—Herbert Croly and Walter Lippmann—and put forth a pragmatic editorial stance that supported administrative innovations in American government that characterized the era. We illustrate the magazine’s pragmatic orientation toward public administration by analyzing the editorials of Croly and Lippmann and the writings of John Dewey, Frederick Cleveland, and Charles Beard—all written during the magazine’s first decade of publication.
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Kressel, Neil J. "Elite Editorial Favorability and American Public Opinion: A Case Study of the Arab-Israeli Conflict." Psychological Reports 61, no. 1 (August 1987): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.61.1.303.
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The correspondence between trends in the mass media and trends in public opinion has important practical, theoretical, and methodological implications—even if we cannot untangle the causal relationships involved. The present study attempts to clarify empirically the aggregate-level mass media—public opinion connection for one major political issue, the Arab-Israeli conflict. Mass media data came from a content analysis of 867 elite newspaper editorials on the dispute (1972–1982); public opinion data came from the frequently asked Middle East “sympathy” question. Favorability measures for editorials, mass public opinion, and college-educated public opinion were highly intercorrelated, in part as a result of a common time trend. When this time trend was partialled out, significant relationships remained between editorial opinion and public opinion. In addition, events heavily covered in mass media tended to crystallize opinion among the college educated but not among the mass public.
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Leininger, Derek M. "“Moon-Struck Lunatics”." Journal of Early American History 7, no. 1 (March 24, 2017): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00701001.
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Historians have noted the wave of cultural and civil nationalism that swept the United States following the War of 1812. “Moon Struck Lunatics” positions American nationalism in the Era of Good Feelings within the broader context of global events. The article probes the impact of the Spanish-American Revolutions on early Americans’ consciousness as a nation. The revolutions contextualized for Americans the world historical significance of their own revolution and aided the articulation of an early manifest destiny ideology. This essay focuses on public rhetoric, including speeches, congressional debates, editorials, geographies, songs, poems, toasts, letters to the editor, and travel accounts.
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Abid, Hashim Garbet, and Manal Jasim Mohammad. "Critical Discourse Analysis of American Ideology Towards Qatar Isolation in Selected USA Editorials." Al-Adab Journal 3, no. 141 (June 15, 2022): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v3i141.3735.
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This study investigates the representation of Qatar isolation by Arab Quartet in selected USA editorials, i.e., it is represented positively or negatively. Those editorials involve The New York Times, The Washington Post and The Wall Street Journal. It explores the role of editorials in moulding, shaping and reshaping of ideology. It tries to find out the hidden ideologies in discourse of these editorials. The study follows a multidisciplinary approach of CDA starting with an overview of CDA shedding light on its roots, critical meaning, It focuses on the theory of ideology giving its definitions, its history, its structure and forms, as well as the mechanisms through which it works. The present study adopts an eclectic model of van Dijk (1991) and Fairclough (1989) which deploys linguistically three different tools to analyze (56) selected texts of the editorials. These tools include syntactic modality, semantic presupposition and stylistic hyperbole.
The results reveal that Qatar isolation is represented negatively rather than positively, which means that editors view Qatar and the U.S as one group ideology and Arab Quartet as its opposite ideology. This indicates the U.S underlying ideology and ideological reverberations such as hegemony, dominance and superiority. It also verifies van Dijk’s (1991) and Fairclough’ (1989) model as a powerful tool within CDA to reveal hidden ideologies and ideological mechanisms.
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Stratford, Will. "Rediscovering Revolutionary Socialism in America:." Moving the Social 68 (December 20, 2022): 33–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/mts.68.2022.33-65.
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This article examines the pre-World War I editorials of America’s first Socialist con- gressman, Victor Berger, in order to recover the lost history of early twentieth-century American socialism from the obscuring lenses of Progressivism, Populism, anarchism, scientism, Soviet Communism, and American Exceptionalism. As I argue, talk of a Second Gilded Age today overlooks the vastly different roles “socialism” has played in the respective discourses. Rather than fighting for a stronger national welfare state, even the most conservative Socialists like Wisconsin Representative Victor Berger campaigned for the abolition of wage labour and the overthrow of global capitalism. Recognizing Populism’s failure to preserve its political independence as a working-class movement, Berger, like Debs, proposed that the working class should organize itself under the banner of a socialist party to take state power. In order to link the forma- tion of mass parties like the Socialist Party of America to a totalizing philosophy of history and international political revolution, Berger drew from Second-International Marxist dialogue in which it was enmeshed, not indigenous American traditions. The prolific editorial career of Victor Berger, head of the largest English-language socialist daily in the country, demonstrates how pre-war American Socialists did not merely “translate” Second-International Marxism but rather made up a constitutive part of its transatlantic development.
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Tsygankov, Andrei P. "The dark double: the American media perception of Russia as a neo-Soviet autocracy, 2008–2014." Politics 37, no. 1 (June 23, 2016): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263395715626945.
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This article combines quantitative and textual analysis of editorials in leading American newspapers devoted to Russia’s internal politics from 2008 to 2014. Despite rapprochement under President Dmitry Medvedev, the media image of Russia has been overwhelmingly negative since 2008. Negative media editorial opinions of Russia reflect fears of autocratic political systems that are represented as a dangerous mirror image of the American system. To maintain this binary, aspects of Russian politics that did not fit into the neo-Soviet autocracy narrative were ignored. An original contribution of the article is its identification of key frames used by leading American media outlets to construct a narrative about contemporary Russia as a neo-Soviet autocracy. It demonstrates that this narrative is instrumental in confirming domestic perceptions of American national identity that emphasize its association with freedom at home and leadership of the ‘free world’ abroad. As such, these findings are significant for reaffirming the importance of media framings, associated narratives, and control over them to global governance and soft power.
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Iftikhar, Aatif, and Zubair Shafiq. "The Portrayal of Pak-US Relations in Print Media: An Analysis of War on Terror and Militancy in Pakistan during the Republican and the Democratic Regimes." Global Regional Review IV, no. III (September 30, 2019): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(iv-iii).02.
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This study has examined how the leading Pakistani and American newspapers portrayed the war on terror and militancy in Pakistan during Republican (George W. Bush) and Democratic (Barack Obama) regimes. All the editorials were analyzed which were published on the subjects during the timeline of sixteen years (January 2001 - January 2017). The results show that both the newspapers are independent, balanced and suggestive. Overall coverage of editorials remained higher (59%) in the democratic regime as compared to that of the republican regime (41%). On the issue of Pakistan's support in the war against terrorism, both the newspapers gave mixed framing. Dawn gave Pakistan more favorable portrayal. NYT remained more unfavorable towards Pakistan, especially during democratic regime. The study reveals that Pak-US relations remained more hostile during Obama regime. However the overall foreign policy remains similar in America irrespective of its administration.
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Woods, Mary. "The First American Architectural Journals: The Profession's Voice." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 48, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990351.
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American architectural journals first appeared in the second half of the 19th century. Encouraged by advances in printing and graphic technologies, they were part of a general trend toward specialized journalism during this period. The architectural periodical developed along with journals for women, clerics, railroad engineers, and grocers. Yet it also resulted from publishers' desires to capitalize on the success of house pattern books and the widespread interest in architecture that they created. Despite these favorable omens the early American architectural journals foundered; they had troubled and short lives, generally lasting only two years. The premise of this paper is that their success depended on the architectural profession's direct involvement and support and the backing of a major publishing house. Beginning with the first periodicals of the 1850s and 1860s, architectural journalism identified itself with the emerging profession; its editorials asserted the architects' primacy in design and construction and distinguished their role from the builders'. Professional and educational issues, in fact, took precedence over aesthetic and stylistic discussions in editorial columns and articles. Yet the journals displayed the same pragmatism that had characterized builders' guides and pattern books, the first architectural literature published in the United States.
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Mackie, Alan, and Euan Hague. "‘The UK's strength is that everybody's in’: Scottish-American Reactions to the 2014 Independence Referendum." Scottish Affairs 24, no. 4 (November 2015): 476–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2015.0098.
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To explore US perspectives on the 2014 Independence Referendum, we assessed media coverage of the campaign and newspaper editorials, pairing these commentaries with interviews of Scottish-Americans conducted in the month immediately following the vote. Many in the United States perceived the referendum to be a model of participatory democracy, and recognized the complex issues that faced Scottish voters. In common with those in Scotland, economic concerns were primary, but added to these was an assessment of the USA's military relationship with the UK. We conclude by suggesting that American awareness of current Scottish politics was enhanced by the referendum campaign and discussions of it within the diaspora community.
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Eko, Lyombe, and Lea Hellmueller. "To republish or not to republish: The “Je Suis Charlie” Mohammed cartoon and journalistic paradigms in a global context." International Communication Gazette 80, no. 3 (September 6, 2017): 207–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048517727220.
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This article dealt with how media outlets in a selected number of countries handled the problem of the republication of Charlie Hebdo's controversial “Je Suis Charlie” Mohammed cartoon cover after the terrorist attack of 7 January 2015 against the newspaper. A textual analysis of editorials and policy statements found that editorial decisions to republish or not to republish the Mohammed cartoon in different countries constituted journalistic paradigm work that reflected specific journalistic cultures. The dominant themes that emerged were (1) transnational journalistic solidarity as a form of paradigm work and (2) the use of editorial independence as a paradigm defense and repair mechanism. Furthermore, we found that the American media, which practice the journalistic craft under the First Amendment, were not as unanimous as the Continental European media in considering republication of the Je Suis Charlie Mohammed cartoon as a barometer of transnational journalistic solidarity and support for freedom of expression.
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MATYTCINA, Marina S. "Topoi as part of the argumentation schemes and their role in creating a positive image of the “self” and a negative image of the “other”." Neophilology, no. 19 (2019): 306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2019-5-19-306-314.
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We analyze the main topoi used by English-language editorials to build their arguments in order to construct a negative image of immigrants. The relevance of this study is due to the specificity of the trends in the construction of immigration discourse and its various aspects, as evidenced by the large number of scientific works in both domestic and foreign science. The purpose of this study is to analyze the main topoi that actualize the discursive reproduction of negative attitude towards immigrants in the English-language press. We investigate the news reports from the American weekly magazine “Time”, the American news channel “FoxNews” and the British editorials “The Daily Mail”, “The Guardian” and “The Telegraph”. The main methodological basis is a critical discourse analysis, which is based on the understanding of discourse as a form of social interaction. We establish that the power elites construct the public opinion that is beneficial for the power bloc in relation to “others”, form and support negative images of “aliens” as representatives of other races, ethnic groups and cultures using the mass media. We analyze the main linguistic tools that identify topoi with respect to immigrants. We present the specific examples that demonstrate the features of topoi functioning in English-language editorials.
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Paiva Ponzio, Angelica. "Gio Ponti’s Latin [American] Encounters: A Reading from the Archives." Journal of Design History 32, no. 4 (April 25, 2019): 356–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jdh/epz011.
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Abstract The design languages and forms of knowledge used by architects and other designers indicate that they not only operate ‘within the same domains of knowledge and action’, but also share similar historical contexts. Latin American modern architecture and design histories constitute an account of cultural exchanges between architectural and design practitioners working on a trans-national and multidisciplinary basis. Reviewing these practices today may help break the tendency of historical accounts to focus on a ‘diffusionist model’ and reinforce the critical acknowledgement of the modern legacy in Latin America. The work of architect and designer Gio Ponti is an example of this. During the 1950s Ponti travelled to many countries and built one of his masterpieces, Villa Planchart, in Caracas. Although much has been published about Ponti’s Venezuelan project, his letters reveal other lesser known but significant encounters with Latin American culture. Using his Domus editorials and readings from his correspondence as guidelines, complemented by articles, seminal books, and projects, this article will explore, from a more plural point of view, how Ponti’s experiences and relationships developed in Latin America, especially those lesser known relationships in Brazil, helped shape some of his design processes and conceptualizations.
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Hassan, Ali Sabah, and Nadya Khairy Muhamed Said. "A PRAGMATIC STUDY OF HEDGES IN AMERICAN POLITICAL EDITORIALS." International Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 10, no. 3 (July 12, 2020): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37648/ijrssh.v10i03.007.
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Latif, Jibril. "American Muslim Character Cancellation: Framing Engagement through the Sphere of Deviance." Media and Communication 8, no. 4 (October 15, 2020): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i4.3121.
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While freedom of religion is constitutionally safeguarded in the United States, practice and expression thereof are modulated by apparatuses exhorting both ethnic and faith communities to flatten into expedient caricatures. The ‘moderate Muslim’ caricature is contingently acknowledged as a victim of animus thereby expected to unquestioningly advance state objectives. American Muslim scholars consequentially maintain a vigilant wariness of state engagement, sentiments further intensified when Donald Trump came to power. With the Trump regime’s perilous track record, Muslims willing to engage the federal government during the initial term were expectedly criticized. Situating the American Muslim communal consultation process (<em>al-shūrā</em>), this article analyzes 100 opinion editorials responding to the Department of State’s formation of the Commission on Unalienable Rights in 2019, and its inclusion of a recognizable Muslim scholar as commissioner. For disparate reasons, editorials authored by critical communal voices formulated a perceived consensus against any engagement with the regime whatsoever, suggesting self-censoring expressive parameters and balkanization. Using Daniel Hallin’s sphere of deviance, findings indicate that amidst increased expectations for religious leaders to be more accessible and accommodating, communal consultation on political issues broke down in the virtual spaces the scholar’s critics inhabited whilst his own public relations messaging operated with discernable ambivalence. Findings further suggest that as American Muslims increasingly identify with the social justice language of the far-left, communal thought leaders’ racial, ethnic and cultural backgrounds disproportionately factor into how their words and engagements are interpreted and tolerated.
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Bonyadi, Alireza. "Linguistic Nature of Presupposition in American and Persian Newspaper Editorials." International Journal of Linguistics 3, no. 1 (April 18, 2011): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v3i1.554.
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Shin, Kyeongsuk. "Degree Adverbs in Editorials of Korean and American English Newspapers." Journal of Humanities and Social sciences 21 11, no. 4 (August 30, 2020): 1095–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.22143/hss21.11.4.77.
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Bunk, Brian D. "Harry Wills and the Image of the Black Boxer from Jack Johnson to Joe Louis." Journal of Sport History 39, no. 1 (April 1, 2012): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.39.1.63.
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Abstract The African-American press created images of Harry Wills that were intended to restore the image of the black boxer after Jack Johnson and to use these positive representations as effective tools in the fight against inequality. Newspapers highlighted Wills’s moral character in contrast to Johnson’s questionable reputation. Articles, editorials, and cartoons presented Wills as a representative of all Americans regardless of race and appealed to notions of sportsmanship based on equal opportunity in support of the fighter’s efforts to gain a chance at the title. The representations also characterized Wills as a race man whose struggle against boxing’s color line was connected to the larger challenges facing all African Americans. The linking of a sports figure to the broader cause of civil rights would only intensify during the 1930s as figures such as Joe Louis became even more effective weapons in the fight against Jim Crow segregation.
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Varat, Deborah. "“Their New Jerusalem”: Representations of Jewish Immigrants in the American Popular Press, 1880–1903." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 20, no. 2 (April 2021): 277–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781420000766.
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AbstractMillions of immigrants arrived in the United States during the Gilded Age, drastically altering the ethnic character of the American citizenry. This dramatic social change was met with mixed reactions from the native-born population that were vividly communicated in the popular press. Cartoonists for newspapers and magazines across the country developed a language of caricature to identify and distinguish among ethnic groups and mocked new arrivals in imagery that ranged from mild to malicious. One might assume that the masses of Eastern European Jews flooding into the country (poor, Yiddish-speaking, shtetl-bred) would have been singled out for anti-Semitic attack, just as they were in Europe at the time. However, Jews were not the primary victims of visual insults in America, nor were the Jewish caricatures wholly negative. Further, the broader scope of popular imagery, which, in addition to cartoons, includes a plethora of illustrations as well as photographs, presents a generally positive attitude toward Jewish immigrants. This attitude aligned with political rhetoric, literature, newspaper editorials, and financial opportunity. This article will propose a better alignment of the visual evidence with the scholarly understanding of the essentially providential experience of Jews in America during this period.
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Kleinberg, Jay, and Susan Castillo. "A Note from the Editor." Journal of American Studies 39, no. 3 (December 2005): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875805000654.
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While it is not the practise of the Journal of American Studies to have editorials, this issue marks an exception. We celebrate the 50th anniversary of the founding of the British Association for American Studies (BAAS), the academic organization which sponsors the Journal, and whose members receive the Journal as one of the benefits of membership. Most practitioners of American studies in the United Kingdom belong to the BAAS, giving it a truly interdisciplinary membership united by interest in the United States as a site of academic study. Members are drawn principally from the ranks of historians, litterateurs, political scientists and analysts of popular culture, along with some geographers, sociologists and economists. Its annual conference draws participants from many nations and at all levels of the academic hierarchy.
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Leick, Karen. "Popular Modernism: Little Magazines and the American Daily Press." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 123, no. 1 (January 2008): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2008.123.1.125.
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This essay looks at the American popular reception of modernist little magazines and of writers who were regularly published there, including James Joyce and Gertrude Stein. In the 1920s, book reviewers, syndicated daily book columnists who reached millions, and celebrity columnists took notice of authors or books that were considered news. Experimental modernist writing was frequently discussed, even when it had appeared in obscure little magazines. Even editorials in major newspapers debated literary trends. This national conversation about modernist writing has been largely ignored by critics, although it dramatically affected the canonization of writers in this period. Examining the popular understanding of modernism rather than the ways modernists understood popular culture reveals that there was an intimate exchange between literary modernism and mainstream culture and that modernist writers and texts were better known and, indeed, more popular than has been previously acknowledged.
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Bass, Frank M. "The Future of Research in Marketing: Marketing Science." Journal of Marketing Research 30, no. 1 (February 1993): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379303000101.
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This February 1993 issue begins the 30th Anniversary volume of the Journal of Marketing Research. The academic marketing discipline, as reflected in the articles published in JMR, has certainly changed dramatically over this time period. To reflect on these changes and generate discussion about the future directions for marketing research, I have asked several marketing scholars to prepare guest editorials. It is fitting that Frank Bass write the first of these guest editorials. Professor Bass is a former editor of the JMR and a recipient of the William O'Dell Award for the best paper published in JMR, the Paul D. Converse Award for outstanding contributions to marketing science and theory, and the Richard D. Irwin/American Marketing Association Distinguished Marketing Educator Award. In addition to his research published in the leading marketing and management science journals. Professor Bass has made significant contributions through his former doctoral students who are professors in leading management schools across the world. —Barton A. Weitz, Editor
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Reichelt, F. Katharina, Ian A. James, and Derek L. Milne. "CREDIT WHERE CREDIT’S DUE: GUIDELINES ON AUTHORSHIP." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 26, no. 4 (November 1998): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465898264058.
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The thorny issue of inappropriate authorship is a well recognized problem in research (Epstein, 1993). Recent editorials and articles in the British Medical Journal (BMJ), Lancet and Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) have raised its profile amongst our medical colleagues. The current authors feel that clinical psychologists, nurses and other mental health professionals need to be more aware of the complexities of the area. Hence this paper intends to clarify the major concerns regarding proper accreditation and gives some recommendations and guidelines.
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Echine, Ayyad. "THE EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION OF 2011 AND ITS AFTERMATH IN EDITORIALS HEADLINES: CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF EGYPT IN AMERICAN AND BRITISH MEDIA EDITORIALS." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 863–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12776.
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The Arab world, starting from December 2010 onward, has witnessed unprecedented revolutions during which many long-lasting Arab leaders were unseated. Western media has allotted much coverage to the uprisings especially in nations, such as Egypt, with which the West, namely the U.S, shares mutual political ambitions in the Middle East. This study analyses a sample of 101 editorials headlines that were written, between 2011 and 2018, by the NYT, the WP, the Guardian and the Telegraph and suggests that these papers treatment of the revolutions is reflective of Orientalist conceptualizations that inferiorize Egypt and the Egyptians. The study draws on Edward Saids postcolonial model of Orientalism (1978) to make sense of the selected sample and targets two main areas in critical media studies quantitative content analysis and critical discourse analysis (CDA), to uncover whether or not the four newspapers editorials headlines are suggestive of Orientalist modes of thought. The study concludes that the coverage under scrutiny connects the West with the East in a way that is characterized by power relations wherein the West is having the upper hand, and thus producing a rhetoric that is stereotypical and Orientalist.
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Bonilla-Escobar, Francisco J., Johanna C. Rojas-Mírquez, Alvaro Mondragón-Cardona, and Juliana Bonilla-Velez. "Bibliometric Studies in CIMEL: A Latin-American Medical Student Journal and the Future of Bibliometric Publications." International Journal of Medical Students 1, no. 3 (December 31, 2013): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2013.217.
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Background: Bibliometric or scientometric studies are methodological fields focused on the structural analysis of the information contained in scientific publication and generate indicators that help identify challenges and achievements in research. We aimed to characterize the publications that used this method authored by medical students in Latin America. Methods: We reviewed articles that performed a bibliometric analysis and were published in a Latin American medical student journal, between 2001 and 2012. We analyzed the characteristics of the articles, authors and references. Linear simple regression and Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) were developed to identify trends and correlations with 95% confidence. Results: There were 12 volumes of the journal available online, with a total of 236 articles. Of these, 13 (5.5%) were bibliometric studies: five original articles, four letters to the editor, two editorials, one short communication, and one review. There was a positive significant relationship between time (years) and number of publications (ß1=0.16, p=0.03, PCC=63%), and citations of each article (not significant, ß1=1.3, p=0.09, PCC=49%). Conclusion: There was an increase in the number of bibliometric publications after 2008, possibly influenced by a popularization of these types of studies in Latin America. Findings should motivate new and collaborative studies in this field. Moreover, it will be necessary to clarify publication areas of interest of medical students around the world.
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Imran, Muhammad, and Zubair Shafiq Jatoi. "Perception of Pak-China Relations in International Press: Comparative Analysis." Journal of Peace, Development & Communication V05, no. 03 (October 21, 2021): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36968/jpdc-v05-i03-12.
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This research has been conducted to examine the coverage and slant of the China-Pakistan bilateral relationship in the editorial pages (including Editorials and columns) of four noted newspapers (The New York Times, Times of India, Global Times, and Daily Dawn) in the world. The topic contains media coverage of most of the important developments, such as the "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor" and "Military and Strategic Cooperation", during the time period of January 2015 to December 2019. Quantitative and qualitative content analysis methods were applied to examine the selected categories of Sino-Pak relations. Coverage is analyzed in three dimensions, including positive, negative, and neutral, to develop balanced criticism, taking into account both the frequency and the severity of the reporting. The theoretical basis is based on hypotheses taken from the theory of framing. The study concluded that the Pakistani press gave more coverage to the stories related to Sino-Pak relations than other selected newspapers. Moreover, the Pakistani and Chinese press portray positive, while the Indian and American press covers it negatively. The study contributes to understanding the perception of the international press about regional affairs.
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MacKAYE, SUSANNAH D. A. "California Proposition 63: Language Attitudes Reflected in the Public Debate." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 508, no. 1 (March 1990): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716290508001011.
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In the November 1988 elections, three states—Colorado, Arizona, and Florida—passed measures making English the official language of those states. These victories were foreshadowed by the passage, in 1986, of Position 63 in California. Proposition 63 amended the state constitution to declare English the official language of California and charged the legislature and state officials with the preservation and enhancement of English as the common language of the state. The appearance of Proposition 63 on the political horizon brought language into public parlance, allowing us the opportunity to explore American language ideology. Preelection editorials and letters to the editor in California newspapers speculating on the need for and effects of Proposition 63 reveal the language attitudes of the writers. Certain themes that regularly appeared on both sides of the issue may be taken as elements of current American ideology.
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ARNOLD-FORSTER, TOM. "NEW HISTORIES OF AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS." Historical Journal 63, no. 5 (April 13, 2020): 1390–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x20000102.
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Will Irwin worked as a reporter and muckraker for ten years before he wrote The American newspaper (1911). Published by Collier's magazine over fifteen issues, it was a pioneering study of ‘journalism in its relation to the public’, and it has been much cited by historians. Irwin argued that American newspapers in the early twentieth century had come to possess enormous power; indeed, ‘no other extrajudicial force, except religion, is half so powerful’. Newspapers had been significant influences on public opinion since the early nineteenth century and had become even more important and popular with the rise of ‘yellow journalism’ in the 1890s. But Irwin worried about conflicts between ‘the business attitude’, which insisted that newspapers were commercial products above all, and ‘the professional attitude’, which identified journalism with civic education and the public interest. He was especially anxious about ‘the advertising influence’, on which newspapers depended for economic survival, and which necessarily damaged their journalism. For when advertisers wanted stories spiked or editorials altered, they generally had their way. And when publishers courted businessmen over drinks and dinner, they grew fat and corrupt. So ‘the perplexity of free journalism’ was that ‘so long as our American capitalism retains its insolence and its ruthlessness of method, commercial publishers of million-dollar newspapers must recognize this [advertising] influence whether they like it or no. And many of them do like it.’ Irwin's sense that newspapers claimed to be the people's tribunes but often served their owner's interests made him think that ‘the system is dishonest to its marrow’. Thus his study raised some enduring questions for historians: why were newspapers so powerful? How important were their publishers? Is free journalism ever possible?
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Rabkin, Eric S., James B. Mitchell, and Carl P. Simon. "Who Really Shaped American Science Fiction?" Prospects 30 (October 2005): 45–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300001976.
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Treating science fiction, critics have taught us to understand that the field shrugged itself out of the swamp of its pulp origins in two great evolutionary metamorphoses, each associated with a uniquely visionary magazine editor: Hugo Gernsback and John W. Campbell Jr. Paul Carter, to cite one critic among many, makes a case that Hugo Gernsback's magazines were the first to suggest thatscience fiction was not only legitimate extrapolation… [but] might even become a positive incentive to discovery, inspiring some engineer or inventor to develop in the laboratory an idea he had first read about in one of the stories. (5)Another, critic and author Isaac Asimov, argues that science fiction's fabledGolden Age began in 1938, when John Campbell became editor of Astounding Stories and remolded it, and the whole field, into something closer to his heart's desire. During the Golden Age, he and the magazine he edited so dominated science fiction that to read Astounding was to know the field entire. (Before the Golden Age, xii)Critics arrive at such understandings not only by surveying the field but also — perhaps more importantly — by studying, accepting, modifying, or even occasionally rejecting the work of other critics. This indirect and many-voiced conversation is usually seen as a self-correcting process, an informal yet public peer review. Such interested scrutiny has driven science fiction (SF) criticism to evolve from the letters to the editor and editorials and mimeographed essays of the past to the nuanced literary history of today, just as, this literary history states, those firm-minded editors helped SF literature evolve from the primordial fictions of Edgar Rice Burroughs into the sophisticated constructs of William S. Burroughs.
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Iqbal, Ashraf, Dr Tanveer Hussain, and Javed. "Media and Foreign Policy on Pak-Afghan Relations (1997-2005): The Role of US and Pakistani Press." Journal of Peace, Development & Communication Volume 4, Issue 2 (September 30, 2020): 454–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36968/jpdc-v04-i02-24.
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The main purpose of the present research is to investigate Pak-Afghan relations in the editorials of US newspapers, The Washington Post & The New York Times and Pakistani newspapers Dawn & The News related to the following issues during the period 1997-2005; A) US as a factor in Pak-Afghan relation, B) Coverage of Islam/Muslims regarding war on terrorism, C) Pakistan’s stance on Pak-Afghan bilateral relations, and D) US’s stance on Pak-Afghan bilateral relations. The time period to be examined in this proposed study spans over eight years regarding the editorial coverage of Pak-Afghan relations in the US and Pakistani leading English Press. Triangulation method based on qualitative and quantitative method was used to conduct the present research. The results show that the editorial contents of USA and Pakistani newspapers were not different regarding Pak-Afghan relations before and after 9/11. The incident of 9/11 changed the American foreign policy towards developing and least developing nations especially Muslims states like Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iraq, and Iran etc. Pakistani press highlighted the issues regarding the Pak-Afghan relations before and after 9/11 as a favorable and conducive, related to Muslim/Islam regarding war on terrorism. The study suggested that instead of the focus on military resolution of the different problems, rather social bilateral negations should be prioritized which would be long lasting and full of mutual respects and honor.
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Adkison, Danny M., and Lisa McNair Palmer. "American Government Textbooks and The Federalist Papers." Political Science Teacher 1, no. 1 (1988): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896082800000015.
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It seems appropriate in this bicentennial year to examine the treatment introductory American government textbooks give the U.S. Constitution. Nearly every text devotes a chapter (typically, the second) to the events leading up to, and the writing of, the Constitution. But what of the political theory on which the Constitution is based? The Constitution, by itself, is too brief and devoid of theory to provide students with an overall assessment of that document. The source that is often relied upon by constitutional scholars to provide that theory is The Federalist Papers. It is the textbooks' treatment of these essays that we will explore here.The Federalist Papers were 85 newspaper editorials written by Hamilton, Madison, and jay, under the pseudonym Publius, in support of ratification of the proposed Constitution. The first essay was published October 27, 1787, and when the last essay was published, the authors had written 175,000 words. This was an average of 1,000 words a day, and was about 35 times the length of the Constitution itself.Hamilton initiated the project in reaction to another set of pseudonymous literature published in New York. New York support of the Constitution was essential, and it was doubtful that the state would ratify. As the seat of the central government, New York was in a pivotal position on the eastern seaboard. It had a lively commerce, and thus was not eager for change. Governor George Clinton staunchly opposed ratification. New York had not signed the Constitution because all of its delegates, except Hamilton, had left in protest and no one signatory was authorized to approve the document for the state.
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김향숙 and Sung-Ho Ahn. "A Corpus-Based Study of Connectors in Editorials of Korean and American English Newspapers." Multimedia-Assisted Language Learning 15, no. 4 (December 2012): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15702/mall.2012.15.4.61.
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Izadi, Foad, and Hakimeh Saghaye-Biria. "A Discourse Analysis of Elite American Newspaper Editorials: The Case of Iran’s Nuclear Program." Journal of Communication Inquiry 31, no. 2 (April 2007): 140–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0196859906298073.
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Guardado da Silva, Carlos, and Cláudia Catanho. "Bookstagram y los mercados editoriales estadounidense y portugués." Ámbitos. Revista Internacional de Comunicación, no. 53 (2021): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ambitos.2021.i53.02.
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El estudio, de naturaleza cualitativa, parte del análisis del volumen de ventas de libros y su evolución en los mercados de Estados Unidos y Portugal. Busca comprender de qué modo las editoriales usan la red social Instagram para promover sus títulos, cómo evalúan la comunidad literaria Bookstagram y cuál es la percepción que la comunidad tiene de su papel y reconocimiento por parte de las editoriales en la promoción del libro y la lectura. Se propone responder a la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿cómo puede la red social Instagram, y particularmente la comunidad literaria Bookstagram, influenciar el mercado del libro?, para lo cual se sustenta en un estudio de caso – la comunidad literaria Bookstagram –, usando las técnicas de revisión de literatura, observación directa y entrevista. Los mercados del libro en ambos países son de difícil comparación en términos de volumen, aunque también geográficos, demográficos e incluso lingüísticos. A pesar de ello, los autores concluyen que la comunidad literaria Bookstagram tiene una gran influencia en los lectores y en la promoción de hábitos de lectura, notable en las generaciones más jóvenes y, en consecuencia, en el mercado editorial. Pero la relación entre bookstragrammers y editoriales es muy distinta en los dos países: mientras que en los Estados Unidos adquiere cada vez más relevancia, en Portugal es casi inexistente.
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Thomas, Samuel J. "Mugwump Cartoonists, the Papacy, and Tammany Hall in America’s Gilded Age." Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 14, no. 2 (2004): 213–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.2004.14.2.213.
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AbstractIn the Gilded Age of extreme partisan politics, Puck magazine, the nation's premier journal of graphic humor and political satire, played an important role as a non-partisan crusader for good government and the triumph of American constitutional ideals. Its prime targets, however, were not just corrupt machine politicians. The magazine included as well what it, like the letterpress, condemned as the nefarious political agenda of the Catholic church, especially its new pope, Leo XIII. Indeed, New York's infamous Tammany Hall, committed to spoils and patronage as the means of dominating the body politic, was all the more dangerous to Puck because, beginning in the 1870s, Irish Catholics dominated it. The hall's Irish Catholic base enabled the magazine to rationalize more completely its conviction that the Catholic church, ruled by a foreign potentate dressed in the irrational garb of infallibility, was a menace not only to the nation's body politic but also to its democratic soul. If allowed to proceed unimpeded, the pope and his minions, along with Tammany's bosses and supporters, would convert the nation into their personal fiefdom. Puck was not about to let that happen. In cartoons and editorials spanning two decades, the magazine blasted and often conjoined both Tammany and the papacy with invidious comparisons that left few readers in doubt as to their complicity. Although scholars have noted how the American letterpress also alluded to a connection between Tammany and the Catholic church, Puck's unparalleled comprehensive strategy to perpetuate and strengthen that connection has never been scrutinized. This essay redresses that oversight of an age when the public and its politicians reckoned very seriously the editorial artistry of great political cartoonists, especially those who drew for Puck.
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Guthrie, James, and Lee D. Parker. "Reflections and projections." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 30, no. 1 (January 16, 2017): 2–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-11-2016-2781.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reflect on 30 years of Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal (AAAJ), and contemplates the future. It makes a case for diversity, including a broad range of theories and research methodologies, as a defining feature of AAAJ. As we have done since 1988 in AAAJ’s first editorial, we continue to urge interdisciplinary accounting researchers to undertake innovative research and be both original and creative, avoiding the narrow focus and detachment from society that is characteristic of globally pervasive North American economics-based accounting research. Design/methodology/approach The paper employs an analysis and critique of trends in interdisciplinary research, drawing upon the previous 29 editorials/commentaries published in AAAJ. It also elucidates the field of scholarship associated with AAAJ in 2016 as evidence of the patterning of recent research and publishing trends. Findings This paper identifies challenges confronting interdisciplinary researchers in the globalised academic community. These include our obsession with theoretical engorgement and our adversarial rather than cooperative approach to knowledge development. Furthermore, the authors argue that researchers must reflect on their motivation, informing theories and values if they intend to contribute to practice, policy and a wider societal good. Accounting researchers have a responsibility to go beyond observation, engaging in and constructing a more equal and fair society. Originality/value This commentary reflects on developments in AAAJ and its community over three decades. The authors also address the wider AAAJ community, including the Asia Pacific Interdisciplinary Research in Accounting (APIRA) conference attendees, AAAJ special issue editors, the editorial board, ad hoc reviewers, authors and supporters across AAAJ’s 30 years.
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Koski, Cheryl A. "Science Writers as Characterized in Medical Journals: What Are Physicians Saying about Us?" Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 28, no. 1 (January 1998): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/dn41-uca6-6bd1-6d63.
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One method of assessing the opinions that physicians hold about science writers is to examine the public record, represented by two periodicals: the Journal of the American Medical Association and the New England Journal of Medicine. The citations to the news media that appear in the indexes of the two journals during the last fifteen years yield thirty-four opinion pieces, consisting of editorials and letters to the editor. The timing and content of medical news are of particular concern to physicians. Specifically, they watch for violations of the Ingelfinger Rule and the press embargo system—policies designed to ensure that physicians have access to medical information before it becomes widely disseminated to the general public—as well as errors of medical fact.
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Lumsden, Linda. "Suffragist: The Making of a Militant." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 72, no. 3 (September 1995): 525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909507200304.
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The Suffragist newspaper performed several important functions for its publisher, the National Woman's Party, which picketed the White House in 1917 to protest for votes for women. The newspaper gave women a voice, offered them community, kept the suffrage issue alive during wartime, legitimized the demand for a federal suffrage amendment, and advanced the NWP viewpoint regarding the controversial pickets. Suffragist became more militant as suppression of the pickets intensified and was a key factor in the NWP's eventual successful confrontation with the White House and American patriarchal political power. This early example of the twentieth-century feminist press used vivid and impassioned reporting, dramatic photographs, righteous editorials, republican rhetoric, clever illustrations, and emotional first-person accounts by imprisoned suffrage pickets to make its case.
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Lee, Jiyoung. "A Coh-Metrix Analysis of the English Editorials of Korean, American, and British University Students." Modern English Education 21, no. 3 (August 31, 2020): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18095/meeso.2020.21.3.15.
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Yousaf, Dr Zahid, Dr Muhammad Haseeb Sarwar, and Ehtisham Ali. "Framing of Pak-Afghan Relations by Elite Pakistani and American Press during PMLN Government (2013-2018)." Issue-2 04, no. 02 (September 30, 2020): 335–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36968/jpdc-v04-i02-18.
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The study Framing of Pak-Afghan Relations by Pakistani and American Press during PMLN Government (2013-2018) is focused to analyze the Pak-Afghan relations as both countries are neighbors sharing a long border on one hand and is focus of the international powers since decades due to cold war and the war on terrorism after 9/11 attacks in the United States. The study is focused to analyze that how the elite Pakistani and American press frames the relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan during the PMLN government that is from June 2013 to May 2018. For the study the elite English newspapers of the two countries Pakistan and United States were selected. Dawn and The News were selected from Pakistan and The Washington Post and The New York Times were selected from US. The editorials of selected newspapers were analyzed in this study using content analysis method. The study is supported by agenda setting theory focusing on the media agenda and the framing concept.Four categories discussing terrorism, US as factor in Pak-Afghan relations; the Pakistani and American stance on the Pak-Afghan bilateral relations are analyzed in three directions positive, negative and neutral. The study concludes that the elite Pakistani press has given more coverage to Pak-Afghan relations than US press whereas both Pakistani and US press has framed Pak-Afghan relations negatively.
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L., J. F. "DOCTORS DENOUNCE US GUIDELINES ON DRUGS TO TREAT HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE." Pediatrics 95, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.95.3.408.
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A group of blood pressure experts launched an effort to overturn US guidelines on which drugs doctors should use to treat high blood pressure. The seven experts attacked the recommendations of a National Institutes of Health advisory panel that doctors should first try treating patients with either a diuretic drug, which rids blood of excess water, or a so-called beta-blocker, which cuts the heart's pumping pressure. The experts charged the recommendations theaten to hamstring doctors in their choice of drugs for high blood pressure patients, discouraging particularly the use of newer classes of drugs called ACE inhibitors and calcium-channel blockers. These drugs may work better and with fewer side effects and doctors should feel free to tailor their choice of drugs to each patient, they argued. Four of the seven experts attacked the guidelines at a news conference in Dallas during the annual meeting of the American Heart Association. The news conference, which wasn't part of the meeting, coincided with publication of the October issue of the American Journal of Hypertension, edited by Dr. John H. Laragh, head of the cardiovascular center at New York Hospital. The Journal carries articles and editorials denouncing the guidelines.
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YAO, XINYUE, and PETER COLLINS. "Exploring grammatical colloquialisation in non-native English: a case study of Philippine English." English Language and Linguistics 22, no. 3 (February 20, 2017): 457–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674316000599.
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Colloquialisation, a process by which ‘writing becomes more like speech’, has been identified as a powerful discourse-pragmatic mechanism driving grammatical change in native English varieties. The extent to which colloquialisation is a factor in change in non-native varieties has seldom been explored. This article reports the findings of a corpus-based study of colloquialisation in Philippine English (PhilE), alongside its ‘parent variety’, American English (AmE). Adopting a bottom-up approach, a comprehensive measure was derived to determine the degree to which a text prefers grammatical features typical of speech and disprefers those typical of writing. This measure was then used to compare and contrast texts in a parallel, multi-register corpus of PhilE and AmE sampled for the 1960s and 1990s. Evidence for colloquialisation was found to vary across registers. While Philippine press editorials and American fiction show a clear colloquialising tendency, learned writing does not show remarkable changes irrespective of variety. The evolution of PhilE registers cannot be explained by a simple process involving emulation of AmE. The patterns uncovered reflect the uniqueness of the sociohistorical circumstances in which PhilE has evolved.
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de Leon, Cedric. "Vicarious Revolutionaries: Martial Discourse and the Origins of Mass Party Competition in the United States, 1789–1848." Studies in American Political Development 24, no. 1 (February 9, 2010): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x09990095.
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Social scientists of democratic change have emphasized the role of class action in that process, neglecting the discursive shift that was necessary to legitimate mass party competition in the early American case. Although historians of U.S. party formation have emphasized the discursive dimension of this transition, they have focused on more formal theories of party and neglected the importance of martial discourse, which was perhaps more pedestrian, but had a distinctive mass appeal. Drawing on the papers of prominent politicians and the editorials of local party newspapers in Alabama and Illinois, I argue that incipient party elites used the language of wartime discipline to recruit national-level leaders, local operatives, and voters to the new form of elective politics. Martial discourse was therefore integral to the larger discourse of party, which ultimately helped to overcome the inherited antipartyism of the early Republic.
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Ha, Jae Sik. "Tailoring the Arab Spring to American values and interests: A framing analysis of U.S. elite newspapers’ opinion pieces." International Communication Gazette 79, no. 3 (January 17, 2017): 276–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048516689178.
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This study investigated the portrayal of the Arab Spring by conducting a qualitative framing analysis of editorials and columns in two elite U.S. newspapers: The New York Times and The Washington Post. Most opinion writers on the Arab Spring in the The New York Times and The Washington Post were either journalists from the news organizations themselves or ex-officials and scholars at various U.S. institutions. Thus, these papers reflected the viewpoints of political elites in portraying the Arab Spring. They largely advocated principles that accentuated the liberalism paradigm of international relations, such as democracy, international cooperation, and economic independence. These papers placed great emphasis on the possible impact of the Arab Spring on the U.S.’s continued deterrence of radical Islam and terrorism, but essentially none on the possible impact these events might have on the U.S.’s continued dependence on Middle East oil. The opinion journalism of U.S. elite papers is largely determined by journalists, ex-government officials, and scholars within the ʻmedia organizationalʼ and ʻsocial institutionalʼ levels, as well as American ideologies and interests on the ʻsocial systemʼ level.